JPH11223385A - Co-generation system - Google Patents

Co-generation system

Info

Publication number
JPH11223385A
JPH11223385A JP2619598A JP2619598A JPH11223385A JP H11223385 A JPH11223385 A JP H11223385A JP 2619598 A JP2619598 A JP 2619598A JP 2619598 A JP2619598 A JP 2619598A JP H11223385 A JPH11223385 A JP H11223385A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
heat
hot water
heating
water
exchange means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2619598A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Mikio Sei
三喜男 清
Noboru Hashimoto
登 橋本
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Works Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Works Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Works Ltd
Priority to JP2619598A priority Critical patent/JPH11223385A/en
Publication of JPH11223385A publication Critical patent/JPH11223385A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/18—Domestic hot-water supply systems using recuperated or waste heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a co-generation system capable of supplying hot water at a stable temperature from a hot water supply tank. SOLUTION: This system includes a heat exchange means 2 for waste heat which recovers waste heat during the generation of power with a dynamotor to heat a heat medium, a hot water tank 5 with a water piping 3 at a lower part thereof and a hot water piping 4 at an upper part thereof, a heat exchange means 6 for heating to heat hot water in the hot water tank 4 from above using the heat medium of the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat, a bypass piping 7 provided between the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat and the heat exchange means 6 for heating and a selector valve 8 to switch the passage of the heat medium so that the heat medium is returned to the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat through the bypass piping 7 to be circulated between the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat and the bypass piping 7 when the temperature of the heat medium is lower than that of the temperature of hot water in the hot water tank 5 and cold water in the hot water tank 5 is heated by the heat exchange means 6 for heating while the heat medium is circulated between the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat and the heat exchange means 6 for heating when the temperature of the heat medium is higher than that of the hot water in the hot water tank 5.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、エンジン発電機や
燃料電池のような廃熱を発生する発電機で発電する際
に、発電機の廃熱を利用して給湯を行なうことができる
ようにしたコジェネレーションシステムに関するもので
ある。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for supplying hot water by utilizing the waste heat of a generator when generating electricity with a generator that generates waste heat, such as an engine generator or a fuel cell. Related to cogeneration systems.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】エンジン発電機や燃料電池では発電時に
高温の廃熱が生じるため、この廃熱を利用して給湯や暖
房を行なうようにしたコジェネレーションシステムが検
討されている。図１０は発電機１として燃料電池１ａを
用いて給湯を行なうようにしたコジェネレーションシス
テムの一例を示すものである。燃料電池１ａは原燃料か
ら水素リッチな改質ガスを生成する改質器２１を付随し
ており、改質器２１で生成された改質ガスはガス供給管
２２から燃料電池１ａを構成するセル２３に供給され、
改質ガス中の水素と大気中の酸素から発電が行なわれる
ようになっている。発電された電気は送電線２５を通じ
て各種の電気機器に送電される。このように燃料電池１
ａで発電を行なう際に、改質器２１や燃料電池１ａのセ
ル２３から廃熱が発生するので、この廃熱を廃熱回収用
熱交換器２４で回収するようにしてある。廃熱回収用熱
交換器２４には熱媒配管２６が接続してあり、給水口２
７から水を熱媒配管２６に導入すると共に水が廃熱回収
用熱交換器２４を通過する際に熱交換して廃熱を回収
し、このように廃熱を回収して加熱された水を熱媒配管
２６の出湯口２８から取り出すようにしてある。2. Description of the Related Art In an engine generator or a fuel cell, high-temperature waste heat is generated at the time of power generation. Therefore, a cogeneration system in which hot water is supplied or heated by using the waste heat is being studied. FIG. 10 shows an example of a cogeneration system in which hot water is supplied using a fuel cell 1a as the generator 1. The fuel cell 1a has a reformer 21 for generating a hydrogen-rich reformed gas from the raw fuel, and the reformed gas generated by the reformer 21 is supplied from a gas supply pipe 22 to a cell constituting the fuel cell 1a. 23,
Power generation is performed from hydrogen in the reformed gas and oxygen in the atmosphere. The generated electricity is transmitted to various electric devices through the transmission line 25. Thus, the fuel cell 1
When electric power is generated by a, waste heat is generated from the reformer 21 and the cell 23 of the fuel cell 1a. This waste heat is recovered by the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 24. A heat medium pipe 26 is connected to the heat exchanger 24 for waste heat recovery,
7, water is introduced into the heat medium pipe 26, and when the water passes through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 24, heat is exchanged to collect waste heat. From the tap hole 28 of the heat medium pipe 26.

【０００３】しかし、給湯を行なうにあたっては瞬間的
に大量の湯が必要になる場合があり、例えば一般家庭で
はシャワーと洗面など複数の箇所で同時にお湯を使用す
ることができるように、２４号（約４２ｋＷ）や３２号
（約５６ｋＷ）の給湯器が用いられているが、このよう
な大量の湯を上記の図１０のようなコジェネレーション
システムのみで賄うとすれば、大出力の廃熱を生み出し
て回収するシステムにする必要があり、非常に大型化し
て非効率的になる。However, when hot water is supplied, a large amount of hot water may be required instantaneously. For example, in a general household, hot water can be used in a plurality of places such as a shower and a wash basin at the same time. Water heaters of about 42 kW or No. 32 (about 56 kW) are used. If such a large amount of hot water can be supplied only by the cogeneration system as shown in FIG. It must be a system that generates and collects it, which makes it very large and inefficient.

【０００４】そこで、図１１に示すような、廃熱を回収
して加熱された水を貯湯槽５に貯えておき、必要に応じ
て大量の湯を使用することができるようにしたシステム
が考えられている。このものでは、熱媒配管２６の一端
の取水口３０と他端の出水口３１がそれぞれ貯湯槽５の
下部と上部に接続してあり、また貯湯槽５の下部の給水
口３２には給水配管３が、貯湯槽５の上部の出湯口３３
には給湯配管４がそれぞれ接続してある。このものにあ
って、熱媒配管２６に設けたポンプ３４を作動させるこ
とによって、貯湯槽５内の下部の水が取水口３０から熱
媒配管２６に導入され、熱媒配管２６内の水は廃熱回収
用熱交換器２４を通過する際に廃熱を回収し、このよう
に廃熱を回収して加熱された水は熱媒配管２６の出水口
３１から給湯槽５の上部に戻るようになっている。この
ように貯湯槽５内の水を熱媒配管２６を通して循環させ
ることによって、貯湯槽５の上部に高温の湯を貯湯する
ことができるものである。そして、給水配管４を通じて
水を給水口３２から貯湯槽５の下部に供給すると、この
貯湯槽５の下部に供給された水に押し上げられて貯湯槽
５の上部の高温の湯が出湯口３３から給湯配管４に流出
され、給湯配管４を通じて給湯を行なうことができるも
のである。Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11, a system is considered in which waste heat is recovered and heated water is stored in a hot water storage tank 5 so that a large amount of hot water can be used as needed. Have been. In this embodiment, a water inlet 30 at one end of the heat medium pipe 26 and a water outlet 31 at the other end are connected to a lower part and an upper part of the hot water storage tank 5, respectively. 3 is a tap 33 above the hot water tank 5.
Are connected to hot water supply pipes 4 respectively. In this case, by operating a pump 34 provided in the heat medium pipe 26, water in the lower portion of the hot water storage tank 5 is introduced into the heat medium pipe 26 from the water intake port 30, and the water in the heat medium pipe 26 is The waste heat is recovered when passing through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 24, and the water thus recovered and heated is returned from the outlet 31 of the heat medium pipe 26 to the upper part of the hot water tank 5. It has become. By circulating the water in the hot water tank 5 through the heat medium pipe 26 in this manner, high-temperature hot water can be stored in the upper part of the hot water tank 5. When water is supplied from the water supply port 32 to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 5 through the water supply pipe 4, the water supplied to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 5 is pushed up and the high-temperature hot water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 is supplied from the tap 33. The hot water flows out of the hot water supply pipe 4 and can be supplied through the hot water supply pipe 4.

【０００５】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記のように貯湯槽５
を設けて貯湯する場合、一般の深夜電力利用電気温水器
では、深夜の電力を利用して貯湯槽５内に８０℃程度の
湯をつくっておき、使用時は貯湯槽５の下部の給水口３
２から低温の水道水を入れ、上の高温の湯と混ざらない
温度成層を形成させて、上の高温の湯を上部の出湯口３
３から給湯するようにしているために、給湯槽５内につ
くった８０℃の湯の全量を利用することができる。従っ
てこのような深夜電力利用電気温水器の貯湯槽５は比較
的小型に形成することが可能である。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION As described above, hot water tank 5
When storing hot water with a hot water storage device, a typical late-night electric water heater uses hot-water power to make hot water of about 80 ° C. in the hot water storage tank 5. 3
2. Add low-temperature tap water from 2 to form a temperature stratification that does not mix with the high-temperature hot water above, and add the high-temperature hot water to the upper tap hole 3.
Since the hot water is supplied from 3, the entire amount of hot water of 80 ° C. created in the hot water tank 5 can be used. Therefore, the hot water storage tank 5 of such an electric water heater using electric power at midnight can be formed relatively small.

【０００６】しかし、上記の図１１のシステムに貯湯槽
５を用いる場合、燃料電池１ａなどの発電機１は不定期
に作動され、しかも発電機１の廃熱は様々な温度で回収
されることになり、廃熱を回収して加熱された水の温度
が貯湯槽５の上部の水の温度よりも低い場合もある。こ
のように貯湯槽５の上部の水の温度よりも低い水が熱媒
配管２６の出水口３１から貯湯槽５に返送されると、こ
の温度の低い水で貯湯槽５の上部の高温の水が攪拌さ
れ、貯湯槽５の上部に高温の温度成層を形成することが
できなくなる。このために貯湯槽５の上部の出湯口３３
から給湯される湯の温度が安定しないという問題があっ
た。However, when the hot water tank 5 is used in the system shown in FIG. 11, the generator 1 such as the fuel cell 1a is operated irregularly, and the waste heat of the generator 1 is recovered at various temperatures. In some cases, the temperature of the water heated by recovering the waste heat is lower than the temperature of the water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5. When water lower than the temperature of the water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 is returned to the hot water storage tank 5 from the water outlet 31 of the heat medium pipe 26, the high-temperature water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 Is stirred, so that a high-temperature stratification cannot be formed on the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5. For this purpose, the tap 33 above the hot water tank 5
There is a problem that the temperature of hot water supplied from the hot water is not stable.

【０００７】本発明は上記の点に鑑みてなされたもので
あり、効率的に廃熱を利用して小型化することが可能に
なり、しかも安定した温度の湯を貯湯槽から供給するこ
とができるコジェネレーションシステムを提供すること
を目的とするものである。[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and it is possible to efficiently use waste heat to reduce the size, and to supply hot water at a stable temperature from a hot water storage tank. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cogeneration system that can be used.

【０００８】[0008]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の請求項１に係る
コジェネレーションシステムは、エンジン発電機や燃料
電池のような発電機１の発電時の廃熱を回収して熱媒を
加熱する廃熱用熱交換手段２と、下部に給水配管３を上
部に給湯配管４をそれぞれ設けた貯湯槽５と、廃熱用熱
交換手段２の熱媒を用いて貯湯槽４内の水を上部から加
熱する加熱用熱交換手段６と、廃熱用熱交換手段２と加
熱用熱交換手段６の間に設けられるバイパス配管７と、
貯湯槽５内の水温より熱媒の温度が低いときにバイパス
配管７を通して廃熱用熱交換手段２に熱媒を返送して熱
媒を廃熱用熱交換手段２とバイパス配管７との間で循環
させ、且つ貯湯槽５内の水温より熱媒の温度が高いとき
に加熱用熱交換手段６で貯湯槽５内の水を加熱させると
共に熱媒を廃熱用熱交換手段２と加熱用熱交換手段６と
の間で循環させるように、熱媒の流路を切り替える切替
バルブ８とを具備して成ることを特徴とするものであ
る。According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cogeneration system for recovering waste heat during power generation of a generator 1 such as an engine generator or a fuel cell to heat a heating medium. The heat exchange means 2 for heat, the hot water storage tank 5 provided with the water supply pipe 3 at the lower part and the hot water supply pipe 4 at the upper part, and the water in the hot water storage tank 4 from the upper part using the heat medium of the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat. A heating heat exchange means 6 for heating, a bypass pipe 7 provided between the waste heat heat exchange means 2 and the heating heat exchange means 6,
When the temperature of the heat medium is lower than the water temperature in the hot water storage tank 5, the heat medium is returned to the waste heat heat exchange means 2 through the bypass pipe 7 and the heat medium is transferred between the waste heat heat exchange means 2 and the bypass pipe 7. When the temperature of the heat medium is higher than the water temperature in the hot water storage tank 5, the water in the hot water storage tank 5 is heated by the heat exchange means 6 for heating and the heat medium is exchanged with the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat. A switching valve 8 for switching the flow path of the heat medium so as to circulate between the heat exchange means 6 and the heat exchange means 6 is provided.

【０００９】また請求項２に係るコジェネレーションシ
ステムは、上記請求項１において、廃熱用熱交換手段２
とバイパス配管７との間に、熱媒を溜めるバッファ槽９
を設けて成ることを特徴とするものである。また請求項
３に係るコジェネレーションシステムは、上記請求項１
又は２において、加熱用熱交換手段６が、廃熱用熱交換
手段２で加熱された水を貯湯槽５の上部に供給すると共
に、貯湯槽５の下部内の水を廃熱用熱交換手段２に戻す
ものであることを特徴とするものである。A cogeneration system according to a second aspect of the present invention is the cogeneration system according to the first aspect, wherein
Tank 9 for storing a heat medium between
Is provided. Further, the cogeneration system according to claim 3 is the cogeneration system according to claim 1.
Or in 2, the heating heat exchange means 6 supplies the water heated by the waste heat heat exchange means 2 to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 and the water in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 5 to the waste heat heat exchange means. It is characterized by returning to 2.

【００１０】本発明の請求項４に係るコジェネレーショ
ンシステムは、エンジン発電機や燃料電池のような発電
機１の発電時の廃熱を回収して熱媒を加熱する廃熱用熱
交換手段２と、下部に給水配管３を上部に給湯配管４を
それぞれ設けた貯湯槽５と、熱媒を用いて貯湯槽５内の
水を上部から加熱する加熱用熱交換手段６と、廃熱用熱
交換手段２で加熱された熱媒と加熱用熱交換手段６の熱
媒とを熱交換する熱交換器１０と、熱交換器１０と加熱
用熱交換手段６の間に設けられるバイパス配管７と、貯
湯槽５内の水温より加熱用熱交換手段６の熱媒の温度が
低いときにバイパス配管７を通して熱交換器１０に熱媒
を返送して熱媒を熱交換器１０とバイパス配管７との間
で循環させ、且つ貯湯槽５内の水温より加熱用熱交換手
段６の熱媒の温度が高いときに加熱用熱交換手段６で貯
湯槽５内の水を加熱させると共に熱媒を熱交換器１０と
加熱用熱交換手段６との間で循環させるように、熱媒の
流路を切り替える切替バルブ８とを具備して成ることを
特徴とするものである。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cogeneration system, comprising: a waste heat heat exchanging means for recovering waste heat generated by a generator such as an engine generator or a fuel cell during power generation and heating a heating medium. A hot water tank 5 provided with a water supply pipe 3 at a lower part and a hot water supply pipe 4 at an upper part; a heat exchange means 6 for heating water in the hot water tank 5 from above using a heat medium; A heat exchanger 10 for exchanging heat between the heat medium heated by the exchange means 2 and the heat medium of the heat exchange means 6 for heating; a bypass pipe 7 provided between the heat exchanger 10 and the heat exchange means 6 for heating; When the temperature of the heat medium of the heating heat exchange means 6 is lower than the water temperature in the hot water storage tank 5, the heat medium is returned to the heat exchanger 10 through the bypass pipe 7 and the heat medium is returned to the heat exchanger 10 and the bypass pipe 7. And the temperature of the heat medium of the heating heat exchange means 6 from the water temperature in the hot water storage tank 5. When the temperature is high, the heat exchange means 6 heats the water in the hot water storage tank 5 and switches the flow path of the heat medium so that the heat medium is circulated between the heat exchanger 10 and the heat exchange means 6 for heating. And a switching valve 8.

【００１１】また請求項５に係るコジェネレーションシ
ステムは、上記請求項４において、熱交換器１０とバイ
パス配管７との間に、熱媒を溜めるバッファ槽９を設け
て成ることを特徴とするものである。また請求項６に係
るコジェネレーションシステムは、上記請求項４又は５
において、加熱用熱交換手段６が、熱交換器１０で加熱
された水を貯湯槽５の上部に供給すると共に、貯湯槽５
の下部内の水を熱交換器１０に戻すものであることを特
徴とするものである。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the cogeneration system according to the fourth aspect, a buffer tank 9 for storing a heat medium is provided between the heat exchanger 10 and the bypass pipe 7. It is. The cogeneration system according to claim 6 is the cogeneration system according to claim 4 or 5.
, The heating heat exchange means 6 supplies the water heated by the heat exchanger 10 to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 and
Is returned to the heat exchanger 10.

【００１２】また請求項７に係るコジェネレーションシ
ステムは、上記請求項３又は６において、加熱された水
が供給される貯湯槽５の上部内に予備混合槽１１を設け
て成ることを特徴とするものである。また請求項８に係
るコジェネレーションシステムは、上記請求項１乃至７
のいずれかにおいて、回収した発電機１の廃熱を用いて
風呂１２の追い炊きをする追い炊き手段１３を具備して
成ることを特徴とするものである。A cogeneration system according to a seventh aspect is characterized in that in the third or sixth aspect, a premixing tank 11 is provided in an upper portion of the hot water storage tank 5 to which heated water is supplied. Things. The cogeneration system according to claim 8 is the cogeneration system according to claims 1 to 7.
In any of the above, a reheating means 13 for reheating the bath 12 using the recovered waste heat of the generator 1 is provided.

【００１３】また請求項９に係るコジェネレーションシ
ステムは、上記請求項１乃至８のいずれかにおいて、貯
湯槽５の上部に設けられ、発電機１で発電された電気を
用いて貯湯槽５内の水を加熱する水加熱手段１４と、発
電機１で発電された電気を外部に送電するか水加熱手段
１４に送電するかの切り替えをする送電切替器１５とを
具備して成ることを特徴とするものである。According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cogeneration system according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, wherein the cogeneration system is provided above the hot water storage tank 5 and uses the electric power generated by the generator 1 to store the water in the hot water storage tank 5. It is characterized by comprising a water heating means 14 for heating water, and a power transmission switching device 15 for switching between transmitting power generated by the generator 1 to the outside or transmitting power to the water heating means 14. Is what you do.

【００１４】また請求項１０に係るコジェネレーション
システムは、上記請求項１乃至９のいずれかにおいて、
電気料金の安い時間帯の電気を用いて貯湯槽５内の水を
加熱する水加熱手段１４を貯湯槽５の上部に具備して成
ることを特徴とするものである。また請求項１１に係る
コジェネレーションシステムは、上記請求項１乃至１０
のいずれかにおいて、発電機１で発電された電気を用い
て発電機１の廃熱を回収した熱媒を加熱する熱媒加熱手
段１６と、発電機１で発電された電気を外部に送電する
か熱媒加熱手段１６に送電するかの切り替えをする送電
切替器１５とを具備して成ることを特徴とするものであ
る。According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cogeneration system according to any one of the first to ninth aspects.
It is characterized in that a water heating means 14 for heating water in the hot water storage tank 5 by using electricity in a time zone when the electricity rate is low is provided above the hot water storage tank 5. The cogeneration system according to claim 11 is the cogeneration system according to claims 1 to 10.
In any one of the above, the heating medium heating means 16 for heating the heating medium that has recovered the waste heat of the generator 1 using the electricity generated by the generator 1 and the electricity generated by the generator 1 are transmitted to the outside. And a power transmission switching device 15 for switching between power transmission to the heating medium heating means 16 and the heat medium heating means 16.

【００１５】また請求項１２に係るコジェネレーション
システムは、上記請求項１乃至１１のいずれかにおい
て、電気料金の安い時間帯の電気を用いて発電機１の廃
熱を回収した熱媒を加熱する熱媒加熱手段１６を具備し
て成ることを特徴とするものである。According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the cogeneration system according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, the heat medium in which the waste heat of the generator 1 is recovered by using the electricity in the time zone when the electricity rate is low. A heat medium heating means 16 is provided.

【００１６】[0016]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態を説明
する。図１は請求項１乃至３の発明の実施の形態の一例
を示すものであり、発電機１として燃料電池１ａを用い
て給湯を行なうようにしたコジェネレーションシステム
を示すものである。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 1 shows an example of the first to third embodiments of the invention, and shows a cogeneration system in which hot water is supplied using a fuel cell 1a as a generator 1.

【００１７】燃料電池１ａは原燃料から水素リッチな改
質ガスを生成する改質器２１を付随している。改質器２
１には原燃料導入路３６から炭化水素系の気体、液体、
固体や、メタノール系等のアルコール燃料などの原燃料
が供給されるようになっており、原燃料と水蒸気から水
蒸気改質反応によって水素リッチな改質ガスを生成する
ように形成してある。炭化水素系の気体としてはメタン
ガス、プロパンガス、ブタンガス、液化石油ガス等を、
炭化水素系の液体としては灯油、軽油、ガソリン等を、
アルコール燃料としてはメタノール、エタノール等を例
示することができる。家庭用の用途では、入手のし易さ
及び取り扱い性から、プロパンガス、ブタンガス、メタ
ンガスを主成分としたガスや灯油が好ましい。上記の水
蒸気改質反応には高温での触媒反応が必要であるため、
改質器２１を所定の温度（６００〜７００℃）に加熱す
るようにしてある。加熱方法は特に限定されるものでは
ないが、原燃料を燃焼させて加熱を行なうことができ
る。この燃焼によって発生する排気ガスは排気経路３７
から排出されるようにしてあり、また改質器２１で生成
された水素リッチな改質ガスはガス供給管２２から送り
出されるようにしてある。The fuel cell 1a has a reformer 21 for generating a hydrogen-rich reformed gas from a raw fuel. Reformer 2
1 includes a hydrocarbon-based gas, liquid,
A raw fuel such as a solid or an alcohol fuel such as a methanol fuel is supplied, and is formed so as to generate a hydrogen-rich reformed gas by a steam reforming reaction from the raw fuel and steam. As the hydrocarbon gas, methane gas, propane gas, butane gas, liquefied petroleum gas, etc.
Kerosene, light oil, gasoline, etc. are used as hydrocarbon liquids.
Examples of the alcohol fuel include methanol and ethanol. For home use, a gas or kerosene containing propane gas, butane gas, or methane gas as a main component is preferable in terms of availability and handleability. Since the above-mentioned steam reforming reaction requires a catalytic reaction at a high temperature,
The reformer 21 is heated to a predetermined temperature (600 to 700 ° C.). The heating method is not particularly limited, but heating can be performed by burning the raw fuel. Exhaust gas generated by this combustion is supplied to an exhaust path 37
The hydrogen-rich reformed gas generated in the reformer 21 is sent out from a gas supply pipe 22.

【００１８】上記のように改質器２１で生成された改質
ガスはガス供給管２２から燃料電池１ａを構成するセル
２３に供給され、改質ガス中の水素と大気中の酸素から
発電が行なわれるようになっている。このように発電さ
れた電気は送電線２５を通じて外部の各種の電気機器に
送電される。送電は電気機器に直接行なうのではなく、
インバータ等を組み合わせて行なうようにしてもよい。The reformed gas generated in the reformer 21 as described above is supplied from a gas supply pipe 22 to a cell 23 constituting the fuel cell 1a, and power is generated from hydrogen in the reformed gas and oxygen in the atmosphere. Is being done. The electricity generated in this way is transmitted to various external electric devices via the transmission line 25. Instead of sending power directly to electrical equipment,
You may make it perform by combining an inverter etc.

【００１９】このように燃料電池１ａで発電を行なう際
に、改質器２１や燃料電池１ａのセル２３から廃熱が発
生するので、この廃熱を廃熱用熱交換手段２で回収する
ようにしてある。この廃熱用熱交換手段２は、燃料電池
１ａのセル２３に付設した廃熱回収用熱交換器２４や改
質器２１の排気経路３７に付設した廃熱回収用熱交換器
２４で形成するようにしてある。尚、水素ガスが得られ
る場合には、改質器２１を用いず、水素ガスを燃料電池
１ａに直接送って発電することが可能である。As described above, when power is generated in the fuel cell 1a, waste heat is generated from the reformer 21 and the cells 23 of the fuel cell 1a. This waste heat is recovered by the waste heat heat exchange means 2. It is. This waste heat heat exchange means 2 is formed by a waste heat recovery heat exchanger 24 attached to the cell 23 of the fuel cell 1a and a waste heat recovery heat exchanger 24 attached to the exhaust path 37 of the reformer 21. It is like that. When hydrogen gas is obtained, it is possible to generate electricity by directly sending the hydrogen gas to the fuel cell 1a without using the reformer 21.

【００２０】上記の廃熱用熱交換手段２を構成する廃熱
回収用熱交換器２４には熱媒配管２６が接続してあり、
熱媒配管２６はその一端の取水口３０が貯湯槽５の下部
に、他端の出水口３１が貯湯槽５の上部にそれぞれ接続
してある。またこの実施の形態では、熱媒配管２６の取
水口３０と出水口３１によって加熱用熱交換手段６が形
成されるようになっており、加熱用熱交換手段６を構成
する出水口３１と廃熱用熱交換手段２の間において熱媒
配管２６から分岐させてバイパス配管７の一端が接続し
てある。このバイパス配管７の他端は取水口３０と廃熱
用熱交換手段２の間において熱媒配管２６に接続してあ
る。バイパス配管７の出水口３１と廃熱用熱交換手段２
の間の分岐箇所には、電動の三方弁などで形成される切
替バルブ８が設けてある。この切替バルブ８は、廃熱用
熱交換手段２から送り出された熱媒を、加熱用熱交換手
段６を構成する出水口３１へと通過させるか、バイパス
配管７へと通過させるかのいずれかに、熱媒の流路を切
り替える働きをするものである。切替バルブ８はバイパ
ス配管７の両端に設けるようにしてもよい。さらに、バ
イパス配管７の取水口３０と廃熱用熱交換手段２の間へ
の接続箇所よりも、廃熱用熱交換手段２の側の箇所にお
いて、熱媒配管２６にポンプ３４が設けてある。A heat medium pipe 26 is connected to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 24 constituting the waste heat heat exchange means 2.
The heat medium pipe 26 has a water inlet 30 at one end connected to a lower part of the hot water tank 5 and a water outlet 31 at the other end connected to an upper part of the hot water tank 5. Further, in this embodiment, the heat exchange means 6 for heating is formed by the water inlet 30 and the water outlet 31 of the heat medium pipe 26, and the water outlet 31 constituting the heat exchange means 6 for heating and the waste water are used. One end of a bypass pipe 7 is connected between the heat exchange means 2 for heat and branched from the heat medium pipe 26. The other end of the bypass pipe 7 is connected to the heat medium pipe 26 between the water intake 30 and the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat. Water outlet 31 of bypass pipe 7 and heat exchange means 2 for waste heat
A switching valve 8 formed of an electric three-way valve or the like is provided at a branch point between the two. The switching valve 8 allows the heat medium sent from the waste heat heat exchanging means 2 to pass through the water outlet 31 constituting the heating heat exchanging means 6 or to pass through the bypass pipe 7. In addition, it functions to switch the flow path of the heat medium. The switching valves 8 may be provided at both ends of the bypass pipe 7. Further, a pump 34 is provided in the heat medium pipe 26 at a position on the side of the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat, rather than a connection point between the intake port 30 of the bypass pipe 7 and the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat. .

【００２１】貯湯槽５の下部の給水口３２には水道配管
などの給水配管３が接続してあり、貯湯槽５の上部の出
湯口３３には給湯配管４が接続してある。給湯配管４に
は蛇口やシャワーノズルなどを接続して、給湯槽５内の
湯を利用できるようにしてある。また貯湯槽５の上部内
には温度センサー３８が設けてあり、さらにバイパス配
管７への分岐箇所の切替バルブ８と廃熱用熱交換手段２
の間の位置において、熱媒配管２６内に温度センサー３
９が設けてある。温度センサー３８によって貯湯槽５の
上部の水の温度が測定されており、温度センサー３９に
よって熱媒配管２６内の熱媒の温度が測定されている。A water supply pipe 3 such as a water supply pipe is connected to a water supply port 32 below the hot water storage tank 5, and a hot water supply pipe 4 is connected to a water supply port 33 above the hot water storage tank 5. A hot water supply pipe 4 is connected to a faucet, a shower nozzle, or the like so that hot water in a hot water supply tank 5 can be used. A temperature sensor 38 is provided in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5, and a switching valve 8 at a branch point to a bypass pipe 7 and a heat exchange means 2 for waste heat are provided.
Between the temperature sensors 3 in the heat medium pipe 26.
9 are provided. The temperature of the water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 is measured by the temperature sensor 38, and the temperature of the heat medium in the heat medium pipe 26 is measured by the temperature sensor 39.

【００２２】上記のように形成されるコジェネレーショ
ンシステムにあって、熱媒としては貯湯槽５内の水が用
いられるものであり、ポンプ３４を作動させると貯湯槽
５内の水は下部の取水口３０から熱媒配管２６に導入さ
れ、廃熱用熱交換手段２を構成する廃熱回収用熱交換器
２４を通過する際に燃料電池１ａや改質器２１の廃熱と
熱交換して、水が加熱されるようになっている。このよ
うに燃料電池１ａや改質器２１の廃熱を回収して加熱さ
れた水は、廃熱用熱交換手段２から熱媒配管２６に送り
出される。In the cogeneration system formed as described above, the water in the hot water tank 5 is used as the heat medium. It is introduced into the heat medium pipe 26 from the port 30 and exchanges heat with the waste heat of the fuel cell 1a and the reformer 21 when passing through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 24 constituting the waste heat heat exchange means 2. The water is to be heated. The water heated by recovering the waste heat of the fuel cell 1a and the reformer 21 as described above is sent from the waste heat heat exchange means 2 to the heat medium pipe 26.

【００２３】このとき、廃熱用熱交換手段２で加熱され
た水の温度は、熱媒配管２６を通って切替バルブ８に至
る前に温度センサー３９で測定されるものであり、温度
センサー３８によって測定されている貯湯槽５の上部の
水の温度よりも、熱媒配管２６内の水の温度が高い（同
温度も含む）ときには、切替バルブ８は廃熱用熱交換手
段２から送り出された水を出水口３１へと通過させるよ
うに流路を切り替えるようになっている。このように、
廃熱用熱交換手段２で加熱された水は出水口３１から貯
湯槽５の上部内に供給されるものであり、この加熱され
た水によって貯湯槽５の上部内が加熱されて貯湯槽５の
上部内に高温の温度成層が形成される。上記のように、
熱媒配管２６の取水口３０と出水口３１によって加熱用
熱交換手段６が形成されるものであり、加熱用熱交換手
段６は廃熱用熱交換手段２で加熱された水を貯湯槽５の
上部に供給すると共に、貯湯槽５の下部内の水を廃熱用
熱交換手段２に戻すように作用して、貯湯槽５内の水を
廃熱用熱交換手段２と加熱用熱交換手段６との間で循環
させることによって、貯湯槽５の上部内に高温の温度成
層を形成しつつ、貯湯槽５内に効率的に蓄熱することが
できるものであり、貯湯槽５の上部内の高温の温度成層
を壊すこともないものである。At this time, the temperature of the water heated by the waste heat heat exchanging means 2 is measured by the temperature sensor 39 before reaching the switching valve 8 through the heat medium pipe 26, and the temperature sensor 38 When the temperature of the water in the heat medium pipe 26 is higher than the temperature of the water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 (including the same temperature), the switching valve 8 is sent out from the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat. The flow path is switched so that the drained water passes through the water outlet 31. in this way,
The water heated by the waste heat heat exchanging means 2 is supplied into the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 from the water outlet 31, and the heated water heats the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 so as to be heated. A high temperature stratification is formed in the upper part of the substrate. as mentioned above,
The heat exchange means 6 for heating is formed by the water inlet 30 and the water outlet 31 of the heat medium pipe 26. The heat exchange means 6 for heating stores the water heated by the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat in the hot water storage tank 5. And acts to return the water in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 5 to the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat, thereby exchanging the water in the hot water storage tank 5 with the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat and heat exchange. By circulating with the means 6, it is possible to efficiently store heat in the hot water storage tank 5 while forming a high-temperature stratification in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5. It does not destroy the high-temperature stratification of the steel.

【００２４】また逆に、温度センサー３８によって測定
されている貯湯槽５の上部の水の温度よりも、温度セン
サー３９で測定される熱媒配管２６内の水の温度が低い
ときには、切替バルブ８は廃熱用熱交換手段２から送り
出された水をバイパス配管７へと通過させるように流路
を切り替え、水を廃熱用熱交換手段２とバイパス配管７
との間で循環させるようになっている。このように貯湯
槽５の上部の水の温度よりも低い温度の水が出水口３１
から貯湯槽５の上部内に供給されることがないので、貯
湯槽５の上部内の高温の温度成層が温度の低い水で攪拌
されるようなことがなくなり、貯湯槽５の上部内の温度
成層が壊されることを防ぐことができるものである。Conversely, when the temperature of the water in the heating medium pipe 26 measured by the temperature sensor 39 is lower than the temperature of the water in the upper portion of the hot water storage tank 5 measured by the temperature sensor 38, the switching valve 8 Switches the flow path so that the water sent from the waste heat heat exchange means 2 passes through the bypass pipe 7, and transfers the water to the waste heat heat exchange means 2 and the bypass pipe 7.
It circulates between and. In this way, water having a temperature lower than the temperature of the water in the upper part of
Is not supplied into the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 from the hot water storage tank 5, so that the high-temperature stratification in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 is not stirred by the low-temperature water, and the temperature in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 is not increased. It can prevent the stratification from being destroyed.

【００２５】貯湯槽５内の湯を利用するときには、給水
配管３を通じて水道水などの水を給水口３２から貯湯槽
５の下部に供給すると、この貯湯槽５の下部に供給され
た水に押し上げられて貯湯槽５の上部の高温の湯が出湯
口３３から給湯配管４に流出し、給湯配管４を通じてこ
の高温の水を供給して給湯を行なうことができるもので
ある。貯湯槽５の上部内には高温の温度成層が形成され
ており、給水口３２から貯湯槽５内に供給された低温の
水は貯湯槽５の下部に留まっているので、安定した温度
の湯を大量に利用することができるものである。When the hot water in the hot water storage tank 5 is used, water such as tap water is supplied from the water supply port 32 to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 5 through the water supply pipe 3 to be pushed up to the water supplied to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 5. The hot water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 flows out of the hot water outlet 33 into the hot water supply pipe 4, and the hot water can be supplied through the hot water supply pipe 4 to supply hot water. A high-temperature stratification is formed in the upper part of the hot-water storage tank 5, and the low-temperature water supplied from the water supply port 32 into the hot-water storage tank 5 stays in the lower part of the hot-water storage tank 5, so that a stable temperature of the hot water is maintained. Can be used in large quantities.

【００２６】また図１に示すように、バイパス配管７へ
の分岐箇所の切替バルブ８と廃熱用熱交換手段２の間の
位置において、熱媒配管２６にバッファ槽９が設けてあ
る。上記のように廃熱用熱交換手段２で加熱された水の
温度が貯湯槽５の上部の水の温度よりも低いときには、
水を廃熱用熱交換手段２とバイパス配管７との間で循環
させるようになっているが、廃熱用熱交換手段２で加熱
された水の温度が貯湯槽５の上部の水の温度よりも高く
なると、廃熱用熱交換手段２で加熱された水が出水口３
１から貯湯槽５の上部内へ流れるように切替バルブ８で
流路が切り替えられ、貯湯槽５の下部の低温の水が取水
口３０から熱媒配管２６を通じて廃熱用熱交換手段２に
導入される。このとき、廃熱用熱交換手段２とバイパス
配管７との間に保有される水の量が少ないと、貯湯槽５
の下部の低温の水が廃熱用熱交換手段２に導入されるこ
とによって、廃熱用熱交換手段２から送り出される水の
温度が急激に下がり、温度センサー３９で測定される水
の温度が貯湯槽５の上部の水の温度よりも低くなり、再
度切替バルブ８による流路の切替えがなされるというよ
うに、切替バルブ８による流路の切替えが不安定にな
る。そこで、上記のように廃熱用熱交換手段２とバイパ
ス配管７との間に、水を溜めて熱媒配管２６内の水の量
を増やすバッファ槽９を設けるようにしたものであり、
切替バルブ８による流路の切替えの際に水の温度が急激
に下がるのを防止して、切替バルブ８の作動を安定させ
るようにしてある。As shown in FIG. 1, a buffer tank 9 is provided in the heat medium pipe 26 at a position between the switching valve 8 and the waste heat exchange means 2 at a branch point to the bypass pipe 7. When the temperature of the water heated by the waste heat heat exchange means 2 is lower than the temperature of the water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 as described above,
The water is circulated between the waste heat heat exchange means 2 and the bypass pipe 7, and the temperature of the water heated by the waste heat heat exchange means 2 is the temperature of the water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5. When the temperature is higher than the temperature, the water heated by the waste heat
The flow path is switched by the switching valve 8 so as to flow from 1 into the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5, and low-temperature water at the lower part of the hot water storage tank 5 is introduced into the waste heat heat exchange means 2 from the water intake 30 through the heat medium pipe 26. Is done. At this time, if the amount of water retained between the waste heat heat exchange means 2 and the bypass pipe 7 is small, the hot water storage tank 5
Is introduced into the heat exchange means for waste heat 2, the temperature of the water sent out from the heat exchange means for waste heat 2 rapidly drops, and the temperature of the water measured by the temperature sensor 39 decreases. The switching of the flow path by the switching valve 8 becomes unstable such that the temperature of the water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 becomes lower and the switching valve 8 switches the flow path again. Therefore, as described above, the buffer tank 9 for storing water and increasing the amount of water in the heat medium pipe 26 is provided between the waste heat heat exchange means 2 and the bypass pipe 7,
When the flow path is switched by the switching valve 8, the temperature of the water is prevented from suddenly dropping, and the operation of the switching valve 8 is stabilized.

【００２７】また図１に示すように、加熱された水が供
給される貯湯槽５の上部内に予備混合槽１１が設けてあ
る（請求項７）。予備混合槽１１は加熱用熱交換手段６
を構成する出水口３１を囲むように形成されるものであ
り、上面の開口によって予備混合槽１１を貯湯槽５内に
連通させるようにしてある。廃熱用熱交換手段２で加熱
された水が出水口３１から貯湯槽５内に供給される際
に、この水がいきなり貯湯槽５内に流れ込むと、この水
の流れで貯湯槽５の上部内の高温の温度成層が攪拌され
て壊されるおそれがあるが、出水口３１から流れ込む水
の勢いを予備混合槽１１で弱めて貯湯槽５内に流入させ
ることができ、貯湯槽５の上部内の高温の温度成層が壊
されることを防ぐことができるものである。また廃熱用
熱交換手段２とバイパス配管７との間で水を循環させて
いるときには、切替バルブ８と出水口３１との間の熱媒
配管２６内の水は熱媒配管２６内に滞留したままである
ため、外気により冷やされて温度が低下している。従っ
て切替バルブ８を切り替えたときにはまずこの冷やされ
た水が出水口３１から貯湯槽５に流れ込むことになる
が、この冷やされた水は一旦、予備混合槽１１に入って
高温の水と混合された後に、貯湯槽５に入ることにな
り、冷やされた低温の水で貯湯槽５の上部内の高温の温
度成層が壊されることを防ぐことができるものである。As shown in FIG. 1, a premix tank 11 is provided in the upper part of the hot water tank 5 to which heated water is supplied. The premixing tank 11 is provided with a heat exchange means 6 for heating.
Is formed so as to surround the water outlet 31, and the premixing tank 11 is communicated with the hot water storage tank 5 by an opening on the upper surface. When the water heated by the waste heat heat exchanging means 2 is supplied from the water outlet 31 into the hot water storage tank 5, the water suddenly flows into the hot water storage tank 5. There is a risk that the high-temperature stratification in the inside may be agitated and destroyed, but the momentum of the water flowing from the water outlet 31 can be weakened by the premixing tank 11 and flow into the hot water storage tank 5. It is possible to prevent the high-temperature stratification from being destroyed. When water is circulated between the waste heat heat exchange means 2 and the bypass pipe 7, the water in the heat medium pipe 26 between the switching valve 8 and the water outlet 31 stays in the heat medium pipe 26. The temperature has been lowered due to cooling by the outside air. Therefore, when the switching valve 8 is switched, first, the cooled water flows into the hot water storage tank 5 from the water outlet 31. However, the cooled water once enters the premixing tank 11 and is mixed with the high-temperature water. After that, the hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 5 to prevent the high-temperature stratification in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 from being broken by the cooled low-temperature water.

【００２８】発電機１の廃熱を回収する廃熱用熱交換手
段２としては、上記のような廃熱用熱交換器２４で直接
廃熱を回収するように形成する他に、発電機１の廃熱を
空気の送風で搬送し、この空気流路の周囲に水等の熱媒
を循環させる熱交換器を設けて形成するようにしてもよ
い。しかし、図２のように発電機１としてエンジン発電
機１ｂを用いる場合には、エンジン発電機１ｂを駆動す
るエンジン４１のシリンダー４２の周囲に水等の熱媒が
循環する廃熱用熱交換器２４を設けて廃熱用熱交換手段
２を形成するのが好ましい。また、空冷式と水冷式の２
種類の熱交換器を組み合わせて廃熱用熱交換手段２を形
成することも可能である。The waste heat heat exchanging means 2 for collecting the waste heat of the generator 1 is not limited to a structure in which the waste heat is directly recovered by the heat exchanger 24 for waste heat as described above. The waste heat may be conveyed by blowing air, and a heat exchanger for circulating a heat medium such as water around the air flow path may be provided. However, when an engine generator 1b is used as the generator 1 as shown in FIG. 2, a waste heat heat exchanger in which a heat medium such as water circulates around a cylinder 42 of an engine 41 that drives the engine generator 1b. It is preferable to form the waste heat exchange means 2 by providing the heat exchange means 24. Air-cooled and water-cooled
It is also possible to form the waste heat heat exchange means 2 by combining different types of heat exchangers.

【００２９】図３は請求項８の発明の実施の形態の一例
を示すものであり、廃熱用熱交換手段２で回収した発電
機１の廃熱を用いて風呂１２の追い炊きをする追い炊き
手段１３を設けるようにしたものである。すなわち、バ
イパス配管７への分岐箇所の切替バルブ８と廃熱用熱交
換手段２の間の位置において、熱媒配管２６に追い炊き
手段１３として追い炊き用熱交換器１３ａが設けてあ
る。追い炊き用熱交換器１３ａ内には熱媒配管２６と風
呂１２の追い炊き配管４４が通してあり、風呂１２の水
はポンプ４５によって追い炊き配管４４を循環するよう
にしてある。その他の構成は図１のものとほぼ同じであ
る。FIG. 3 shows an example of an embodiment of the invention according to claim 8, wherein the waste heat of the generator 1 recovered by the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat is used to reheat the bath 12. The cooking means 13 is provided. That is, at the position between the switching valve 8 at the branch point to the bypass pipe 7 and the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat, a heat exchanger 13 a for additional cooking is provided as the additional cooking means 13 to the heat medium pipe 26. The heating medium pipe 26 and the additional cooking pipe 44 of the bath 12 pass through the additional heat exchanger 13a, and the water in the bath 12 is circulated through the additional cooking pipe 44 by the pump 45. Other configurations are almost the same as those in FIG.

【００３０】このものにあって、風呂１２の水温が低下
したときにポンプ４５を作動させると、風呂１２の水が
追い炊き配管４４を循環し、追い炊き用熱交換器１３ａ
内で廃熱用熱交換手段２によって加熱された熱媒（水）
と熱交換されて加熱され、風呂１２の水を追い炊きする
ことができるものである。この場合、温度センサー３９
は追い炊き用熱交換器１３ａよりも熱媒（水）の流れの
下流側に設けるのが好ましい。温度センサー３９を追い
炊き用熱交換器１３ａよりも熱媒（水）の流れの上流側
に設けると、追い炊き用熱交換器１３ａで熱交換して温
度が低下した水が出水口３１から貯湯槽５内に流入して
貯湯槽５の温度成層を壊すおそれがある。In this case, when the pump 45 is operated when the temperature of the water in the bath 12 decreases, the water in the bath 12 circulates through the additional cooking pipe 44, and the additional heat exchanger 13a.
Heating medium (water) heated by the waste heat exchange means 2
The heat is exchanged with the water and heated, so that the water in the bath 12 can be added and cooked. In this case, the temperature sensor 39
Is preferably provided downstream of the flow of the heat medium (water) with respect to the additional heat exchanger 13a. When the temperature sensor 39 is provided on the upstream side of the flow of the heat medium (water) with respect to the additional heat exchanger 13a, water whose temperature has decreased due to heat exchange in the additional heat exchanger 13a is stored from the water outlet 31. It may flow into the tank 5 and break the temperature stratification of the hot water storage tank 5.

【００３１】図４は請求項９の発明の実施の形態の一例
を示すものであり、発電機１で発電された電気を用いて
貯湯槽５内の水を加熱する水加熱手段１４が貯湯槽５の
上部内に設けてある。発電機１で発電された電気の需要
とこの発電の際に生じる廃熱で沸かされる湯の需要のバ
ランスが合わず、貯湯槽５内の熱が不足した場合、発電
機１で生じる余剰電力を利用して水加熱手段１４を発熱
させ、貯湯槽５内の水を加熱して効率よく給湯すること
が可能になるものである。ここで、図４に示すように、
発電機１の送電線２５と水加熱手段１４の給電線４７は
送電切替器１５に接続してあり、発電機１で発電された
電気を外部送電線４８によって外部の電気機器に送電す
るか、水加熱手段１４に送電するかの切り替えをするこ
とができるようにしてある。送電切替器１５による切替
法は特に制限されないが、発電機１で発電された電気の
総てを水加熱手段１４に供給するように切替えを行なう
ようにしてもよく、また外部へ送電する余剰電力のみを
水加熱手段１４に供給するようにしてもよい。図４の実
施の形態にあってその他の構成は図１のものとほぼ同じ
である。FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the ninth embodiment of the present invention, in which a water heating means 14 for heating water in a hot water storage tank 5 using electricity generated by a generator 1 comprises a hot water storage tank. 5 is provided in the upper part. If the demand for electricity generated by the generator 1 and the demand for hot water boiled by waste heat generated at the time of this generation are not balanced, and the heat in the hot water storage tank 5 is insufficient, the surplus power generated by the generator 1 The water heating means 14 is used to generate heat, thereby heating the water in the hot water storage tank 5 and supplying water efficiently. Here, as shown in FIG.
The power transmission line 25 of the generator 1 and the power supply line 47 of the water heating means 14 are connected to the power transmission switch 15, and the power generated by the generator 1 is transmitted to an external electric device by an external power transmission line 48, It is possible to switch whether to transmit power to the water heating means 14. The switching method by the power transmission switching device 15 is not particularly limited, but the switching may be performed so that all of the electricity generated by the generator 1 is supplied to the water heating means 14. Only water may be supplied to the water heating means 14. Other configurations in the embodiment of FIG. 4 are almost the same as those in FIG.

【００３２】上記の実施の形態では、発電機１で発電さ
れた電気を用いて貯湯槽５内の水を加熱する水加熱手段
１４を貯湯槽５の上部内に設けるようにしたが、深夜電
力や時間帯別料金契約における深夜時間帯の電気など、
電気料金の安い時間帯の商用の電気を用いて貯湯槽５内
の水を加熱する水加熱手段（図示省略）を貯湯槽５の上
部に設けてもよい（請求項１０）。この場合も貯湯槽５
内の熱が不足したときに、安価な料金の商用電気を利用
して貯湯槽５内の水を加熱することができる。また、発
電機１で発電された電気を用いて水を加熱する水加熱手
段１４と、電気料金の安い時間帯の商用の電気を用いて
貯湯槽５内の水を加熱する水加熱手段（図示省略）を併
用してもよい。In the above embodiment, the water heating means 14 for heating the water in the hot water tank 5 using the electricity generated by the generator 1 is provided in the upper part of the hot water tank 5, And late-night electricity in hourly rate contracts,
A water heating means (not shown) for heating the water in the hot water storage tank 5 using commercial electricity during a time period when the electricity rate is low may be provided above the hot water storage tank 5 (claim 10). In this case also hot water tank 5
When the internal heat is insufficient, the water in the hot water storage tank 5 can be heated using commercial electricity at a low price. Further, a water heating means 14 for heating the water using the electricity generated by the generator 1 and a water heating means for heating the water in the hot water storage tank 5 using the commercial electricity during the time when the electricity rate is low (illustrated) (Omitted) may be used together.

【００３３】上記の水加熱手段１４としては特に制限さ
れないが、ヒートポンプの駆動による加熱や電気ヒータ
ーなどを用いることができる。また貯湯槽５内に温度セ
ンサー４９が設けてあり、この温度センサー４９によっ
て検知される貯湯槽５内の水の温度が所定値以下になる
と、送電切替器１５を作動させて発電機１で発電された
電気が水加熱手段１４に供給されるようにし、水加熱手
段１４で貯湯槽５内の水を加熱するようにしてある。貯
湯槽５の上部内の高温の温度成層の量が必要最小限にな
ると水加熱手段１４を作動させるように、温度センサー
４９は必要な温度成層の下限位置に配置するのが好まし
い。また同様に、水加熱手段１４も必要な温度成層の下
限位置に配置するのが好ましい。温度センサー４９や水
加熱手段１４をこのような位置に配置することによっ
て、貯湯層５から給湯に必要な最低蓄熱量に相当する水
量を確保することができる。The water heating means 14 is not particularly limited, but heating by driving a heat pump or an electric heater can be used. A temperature sensor 49 is provided in the hot water storage tank 5. When the temperature of the water in the hot water storage tank 5 detected by the temperature sensor 49 becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined value, the power transmission switch 15 is operated to generate electric power by the generator 1. The generated electricity is supplied to the water heating means 14, and the water in the hot water storage tank 5 is heated by the water heating means 14. The temperature sensor 49 is preferably arranged at the lower limit of the required temperature stratification so that the water heating means 14 is activated when the amount of the high-temperature temperature stratification in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 becomes a necessary minimum. Similarly, it is preferable to arrange the water heating means 14 at the lower limit position of the required temperature stratification. By arranging the temperature sensor 49 and the water heating means 14 at such positions, it is possible to secure a water amount corresponding to the minimum heat storage amount required for hot water supply from the hot water storage layer 5.

【００３４】図５は請求項１１の発明の実施の形態の一
例を示すものであり、発電機１で発電された電気を用い
て発電機１の廃熱を回収した熱媒を加熱する熱媒加熱手
段１６が設けてある。熱媒加熱手段１６はバイパス配管
７への分岐箇所の切替バルブ８と廃熱用熱交換手段２の
間の位置において、熱媒配管２６に設けてあり、廃熱用
熱交換手段２で加熱された熱媒配管２６内の熱媒（水）
の温度が低いときに、発電機１で生じる余剰電力を利用
して熱媒加熱手段１６を発熱させ、熱媒配管２６内の熱
媒（水）を熱媒加熱手段１６で加熱することができるも
のである。このように発電機１で発電された電気を利用
して熱媒配管２６内の熱媒（水）を加熱することによっ
て、貯湯槽５から効率よく給湯することが可能になるも
のである。ここで、図５に示すように、発電機１の送電
線２５と熱媒加熱手段１４の給電線４７は送電切替器１
５に接続してあり、発電機１で発電された電気を外部送
電線４８によって外部の電気機器に送電するか、熱媒加
熱手段１６に送電するかの切り替えをすることができる
ようにしてある。そして、貯湯槽５内に設けた温度セン
サー４９によって検知される貯湯槽５内の水の温度が所
定値以下になると、送電切替器１５を作動させて発電機
１で発電された電気が熱媒加熱手段１６に供給されるよ
うにし、熱媒加熱手段１６で熱媒配管２６内の熱媒
（水）を加熱するようにしてある。この温度センサー４
９は１個だけでもよいが、高さを変えて複数個を設け、
高さの異なる位置の水の温度を検知できるようにしても
よく、また温度センサー４９を昇降できる手段を設け
て、高さの異なる位置の水の温度を検知できるようにし
てもよい。このように複数の高さ位置の水温を検知する
ことによって、蓄熱する水量の制御を自由に行なうこと
ができる。その他の構成は図１のものとほぼ同じであ
る。FIG. 5 shows an example of an embodiment of the invention according to claim 11, in which a heating medium for heating a heating medium in which waste heat of the generator 1 is recovered using electricity generated by the generator 1. A heating means 16 is provided. The heat medium heating means 16 is provided on the heat medium pipe 26 at a position between the switching valve 8 at the branch point to the bypass pipe 7 and the waste heat heat exchange means 2, and is heated by the waste heat heat exchange means 2. Heat medium (water) in the heat medium pipe 26
When the temperature is low, the heat medium heating means 16 is caused to generate heat using the surplus power generated in the generator 1, and the heat medium (water) in the heat medium pipe 26 can be heated by the heat medium heating means 16. Things. By heating the heat medium (water) in the heat medium pipe 26 using the electricity generated by the generator 1 in this manner, it is possible to efficiently supply hot water from the hot water storage tank 5. Here, as shown in FIG. 5, the power transmission line 25 of the generator 1 and the power supply line 47 of the heat medium heating means 14 are connected to the power transmission switch 1.
5 so that it is possible to switch between transmitting power generated by the generator 1 to an external electric device via the external power transmission line 48 or transmitting power to the heating medium heating means 16. . When the temperature of the water in the hot water storage tank 5 detected by the temperature sensor 49 provided in the hot water storage tank 5 becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined value, the power transmission switch 15 is operated to generate electricity generated by the generator 1 as a heat medium. The heating medium 16 is supplied to the heating means 16, and the heating medium (water) in the heating medium pipe 26 is heated by the heating medium heating means 16. This temperature sensor 4
9 may be only one, but a plurality is provided by changing the height,
The temperature of the water at different heights may be detected, or means for raising and lowering the temperature sensor 49 may be provided to detect the temperature of the water at different heights. By detecting the water temperatures at a plurality of height positions in this manner, the amount of water stored can be controlled freely. Other configurations are almost the same as those in FIG.

【００３５】上記の熱媒加熱手段１６としては特に制限
されないが、ヒートポンプの駆動による加熱や電気ヒー
ターなどを用いることができる。また熱媒配管２６に設
ける温度センサー３９は、熱媒（水）の流れにおいて熱
媒加熱手段１６よりも下流に設けるのがよい。温度セン
サー３９を熱媒加熱手段１６よりも上流に設けると、温
度センサー３９で測定した温度よりも熱媒（水）の温度
が熱媒加熱手段１６による加熱で上昇するので、切替バ
ルブ８の切替え制御のための温度がわからなくなる。Although the heating medium heating means 16 is not particularly limited, heating by driving a heat pump or an electric heater can be used. The temperature sensor 39 provided in the heat medium pipe 26 is preferably provided downstream of the heat medium heating means 16 in the flow of the heat medium (water). If the temperature sensor 39 is provided upstream of the heating medium heating means 16, the temperature of the heating medium (water) rises due to the heating by the heating medium heating means 16 than the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 39, so that the switching valve 8 is switched. The temperature for control is not known.

【００３６】上記の実施の形態では、発電機１で発電さ
れた電気を用いて熱媒配管２６内の熱媒（水）を加熱す
る熱媒加熱手段１６を設けるようにしたが、深夜電力や
時間帯別料金契約における深夜時間帯の電気など、電気
料金の安い時間帯の商用の電気を用いて熱媒配管２６内
の熱媒（水）を加熱する熱媒加熱手段（図示省略）をバ
イパス配管７への分岐箇所の切替バルブ８と廃熱用熱交
換手段２の間の位置において熱媒配管２６に設けるよう
にしてもよい（請求項１２）。この場合も廃熱用熱交換
手段２による熱媒（水）の加熱熱量が不足したときに、
安価な料金の商用電気を利用して熱媒（水）を加熱する
ことができる。また、発電機１で発電された電気を用い
て水を加熱する熱媒加熱手段１６と、電気料金の安い時
間帯の商用の電気を用いて熱媒配管２６内の熱媒（水）
を加熱する熱媒加熱手段（図示省略）を併用してもよ
い。In the above embodiment, the heating medium heating means 16 for heating the heating medium (water) in the heating medium pipe 26 using the electricity generated by the generator 1 is provided. By-passes a heating medium heating means (not shown) for heating the heating medium (water) in the heating medium pipe 26 using commercial electricity in a time zone with a low electricity rate, such as electricity in the late-night time zone in the hourly rate contract. The heat medium pipe 26 may be provided at a position between the switching valve 8 and the waste heat heat exchanging means 2 at a branch point to the pipe 7 (claim 12). Also in this case, when the amount of heat of heating the heat medium (water) by the waste heat heat exchange means 2 becomes insufficient,
The heating medium (water) can be heated using inexpensive commercial electricity. Further, a heating medium heating means 16 for heating water using the electricity generated by the generator 1, and a heating medium (water) in the heating medium pipe 26 using commercial electricity during a time when electricity rates are low.
May be used in combination with a heating medium heating means (not shown) for heating.

【００３７】図６は請求項４乃至６の発明の実施の形態
の一例を示すものである。廃熱用熱交換手段２を構成す
る廃熱回収用熱交換器２４に接続される熱媒配管２６は
閉回路として形成してあり、熱媒配管２６は一部を熱交
換器１０に通してある。この熱媒配管２６には熱媒を廃
熱用熱交換手段２と熱交換器１０の間で循環させるポン
プ５１が設けてある。熱媒配管２６と廃熱用熱交換手段
２の間で循環させる熱媒としては、水である必要はな
く、エチレングリコールやプロピレングリコールやこれ
らの水溶液など、不凍液や各種のオイルを用いることが
可能である。これらは沸騰温度が水より高いので、高温
での廃熱の回収が可能になるので好ましい。FIG. 6 shows an example of an embodiment of the present invention. The heat medium pipe 26 connected to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 24 constituting the waste heat heat exchange means 2 is formed as a closed circuit, and a part of the heat medium pipe 26 is passed through the heat exchanger 10. is there. The heat medium pipe 26 is provided with a pump 51 for circulating the heat medium between the heat exchanger for waste heat 2 and the heat exchanger 10. The heat medium circulated between the heat medium pipe 26 and the waste heat heat exchanging means 2 does not need to be water, and may be an antifreeze or various oils such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or an aqueous solution thereof. It is. These are preferable because the boiling temperature is higher than that of water, so that waste heat can be recovered at a high temperature.

【００３８】また貯湯槽５の下部の取水口３０と上部の
出水口３１には熱媒配管５２の一端と他端が接続してあ
り、熱媒配管５２の一部が熱交換器１０に通してある。
この実施の形態では、熱媒配管５２の取水口３０と出水
口３１によって加熱用熱交換手段６が形成されるように
なっており、加熱用熱交換手段６を構成する出水口３１
と熱交換器１０の間において熱媒配管５２から分岐させ
てバイパス配管７の一端が接続してある。このバイパス
配管７の他端は取水口３０と熱交換器１０の間において
熱媒配管５２に接続してある。バイパス配管７の出水口
３１と熱交換器１０の間の分岐箇所には、電動の三方弁
などで形成される切替バルブ８が設けてある。この切替
バルブ８は、熱交換器１０から送り出された熱媒を、加
熱用熱交換手段６を構成する出水口３１へと通過させる
か、バイパス配管７へと通過させるかのいずれかに、熱
媒の流路を切り替える働きをするものである。切替バル
ブ８はバイパス配管７の両端に設けるようにしてもよ
い。さらに、バイパス配管７の取水口３０と熱交換器１
０の間への接続箇所よりも、熱交換器１０の側の箇所に
おいて、熱媒配管５２にポンプ５３が設けてあり、熱交
換器１０と熱媒配管５２の間で熱媒を循環させるように
してある。この熱媒としては貯湯槽５内の水が用いられ
るものである。One end and the other end of a heat medium pipe 52 are connected to the lower water intake port 30 and the upper water outlet 31 of the hot water storage tank 5, and a part of the heat medium pipe 52 passes through the heat exchanger 10. It is.
In this embodiment, the heat exchange means 6 for heating is formed by the water inlet 30 and the water outlet 31 of the heat medium pipe 52, and the water outlet 31 constituting the heat exchange means 6 for heating is formed.
One end of the bypass pipe 7 is connected to the heat exchanger 10 by branching off from the heat medium pipe 52. The other end of the bypass pipe 7 is connected to a heat medium pipe 52 between the water intake 30 and the heat exchanger 10. At a branch point between the water outlet 31 of the bypass pipe 7 and the heat exchanger 10, a switching valve 8 formed by an electric three-way valve or the like is provided. The switching valve 8 allows the heat medium sent from the heat exchanger 10 to pass through to the water outlet 31 constituting the heat exchange means 6 for heating or to pass through the bypass pipe 7. It functions to switch the flow path of the medium. The switching valves 8 may be provided at both ends of the bypass pipe 7. Further, the water inlet 30 of the bypass pipe 7 and the heat exchanger 1
A pump 53 is provided in the heat medium pipe 52 at a position closer to the heat exchanger 10 than at a connection point between the heat exchangers 10 and 0 so that the heat medium is circulated between the heat exchanger 10 and the heat medium pipe 52. It is. Water in the hot water tank 5 is used as the heat medium.

【００３９】貯湯槽５の下部の給水口３２には水道配管
などの給水配管３が接続してあり、貯湯槽５の上部の出
湯口３３には給湯配管４が接続してある。給湯配管４に
は蛇口やシャワーノズルなどを接続して、給湯槽５内の
湯を利用できるようにしてある。また貯湯槽５の上部内
には温度センサー３８が設けてあり、さらにバイパス配
管７への分岐箇所の切替バルブ８と熱交換器１０の間の
位置において、熱媒配管５２内に温度センサー３９が設
けてある。温度センサー３８によって貯湯槽５の上部の
水の温度が測定されており、温度センサー３９によって
熱媒配管５２内の水の温度が測定されている。A water supply pipe 3 such as a water supply pipe is connected to a water supply port 32 below the hot water storage tank 5, and a hot water supply pipe 4 is connected to a water supply port 33 above the hot water storage tank 5. A hot water supply pipe 4 is connected to a faucet, a shower nozzle, or the like so that hot water in a hot water supply tank 5 can be used. A temperature sensor 38 is provided in the upper part of the hot water tank 5, and a temperature sensor 39 is provided in the heat medium pipe 52 at a position between the switching valve 8 and the heat exchanger 10 at a branch point to the bypass pipe 7. It is provided. The temperature of the water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 is measured by the temperature sensor 38, and the temperature of the water in the heat medium pipe 52 is measured by the temperature sensor 39.

【００４０】上記のように形成されるコジェネレーショ
ンシステムにあって、ポンプ５１を作動させると熱媒配
管２６内の熱媒は廃熱用熱交換手段２と熱交換器１０の
間で循環され、廃熱用熱交換手段２を構成する廃熱回収
用熱交換器２４を通過する際に燃料電池１ａや改質器２
１の廃熱と熱交換して、熱媒が加熱される。一方、ポン
プ５３を作動させると貯湯槽５内の水は下部の取水口３
０から熱媒配管５２に導入され、熱交換器１０を通過す
る際に廃熱用熱交換手段２で加熱された熱媒と熱交換し
て加熱される。このように燃料電池１ａや改質器２１の
廃熱を回収して加熱された水は、熱交換器１０から熱媒
配管５２に送り出される。In the cogeneration system formed as described above, when the pump 51 is operated, the heat medium in the heat medium pipe 26 is circulated between the heat exchange means 2 for waste heat and the heat exchanger 10, When passing through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 24 constituting the waste heat heat exchange means 2, the fuel cell 1a and the reformer 2
The heat medium is heated by heat exchange with the waste heat of No. 1. On the other hand, when the pump 53 is operated, the water in the hot water storage tank 5 is discharged to the lower intake port 3.
When the heat medium is introduced into the heat medium pipe 52 from the zero point and passes through the heat exchanger 10, the heat medium exchanges heat with the heat medium heated by the waste heat heat exchange means 2 and is heated. The water heated by recovering the waste heat of the fuel cell 1a and the reformer 21 as described above is sent from the heat exchanger 10 to the heat medium pipe 52.

【００４１】このとき、熱交換器１０で加熱された水の
温度は、熱媒配管５２を通って切替バルブ８に至る前に
温度センサー３９で測定されるものであり、温度センサ
ー３８によって測定されている貯湯槽５の上部の水の温
度よりも、熱媒配管５２内の水の温度が高い（同温度も
含む）ときには、切替バルブ８は熱交換器１０から送り
出された水を出水口３１へと通過させるように流路を切
り替えるようになっている。このように、熱交換器２で
加熱された水は出水口３１から貯湯槽５の上部内に供給
されるものであり、この加熱された水によって貯湯槽５
の上部内が加熱されて貯湯槽５の上部内に高温の温度成
層が形成される。上記のように、熱媒配管５２の取水口
３０と出水口３１によって加熱用熱交換手段６が形成さ
れるものであり、加熱用熱交換手段６は熱交換器１０で
加熱された水を貯湯槽５の上部に供給すると共に、貯湯
槽５の下部内の水を熱交換器１０に戻すように作用し
て、貯湯槽５内の水を熱交換器１０と加熱用熱交換手段
６との間で循環させることによって、貯湯槽５の上部内
に高温の温度成層を形成しつつ、貯湯槽５内に効率的に
蓄熱することができるものであり、貯湯槽５の上部内の
高温の温度成層を壊すこともないものである。At this time, the temperature of the water heated by the heat exchanger 10 is measured by the temperature sensor 39 before reaching the switching valve 8 through the heat medium pipe 52, and is measured by the temperature sensor 38. When the temperature of the water in the heat medium pipe 52 is higher than the temperature of the water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 (including the same temperature), the switching valve 8 sends the water sent from the heat exchanger 10 to the outlet 31. The flow path is switched so as to pass through. As described above, the water heated by the heat exchanger 2 is supplied from the water outlet 31 into the upper portion of the hot water storage tank 5, and the heated water is used for the hot water storage tank 5.
Is heated to form a high-temperature temperature stratification in the upper portion of the hot water storage tank 5. As described above, the water intake 30 and the water outlet 31 of the heat medium pipe 52 form the heat exchange means 6 for heating, and the heat exchange means 6 for heating stores the water heated by the heat exchanger 10 in the hot water. The water in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 5 acts to return to the heat exchanger 10 while supplying the water in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 5 to the heat exchanger 10 and the heat exchange means 6 for heating. By circulating between them, it is possible to efficiently store heat in the hot water storage tank 5 while forming a high-temperature stratification in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5, It does not destroy stratification.

【００４２】また逆に、温度センサー３８によって測定
されている貯湯槽５の上部の水の温度よりも、温度セン
サー３９で測定される熱媒配管５２内の水の温度が低い
ときには、切替バルブ８は熱交換器１０から送り出され
た水をバイパス配管７へと通過させるように流路を切り
替え、水を熱交換器１０とバイパス配管７との間で循環
させるようになっている。このように貯湯槽５の上部の
水の温度よりも低い温度の水が出水口３１から貯湯槽５
の上部内に供給されることがないので、貯湯槽５の上部
内の高温の温度成層が温度の低い水で攪拌されるような
ことがなくなり、貯湯槽５の上部内の温度成層が壊され
ることを防ぐことができるものである。On the contrary, when the temperature of the water in the heating medium pipe 52 measured by the temperature sensor 39 is lower than the temperature of the water in the upper part of the hot water tank 5 measured by the temperature sensor 38, the switching valve 8 The flow path is switched so that the water sent from the heat exchanger 10 passes through the bypass pipe 7, and the water is circulated between the heat exchanger 10 and the bypass pipe 7. In this manner, water having a temperature lower than the temperature of the water in the upper part of
Is not supplied into the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5, the high-temperature thermal stratification in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 is not stirred by the low-temperature water, and the temperature stratification in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 is broken. It can prevent that.

【００４３】貯湯槽５内の湯を利用するときには、給水
配管３を通じて水道水などの水を給水口３２から貯湯槽
５の下部に供給すると、この貯湯槽５の下部に供給され
た水に押し上げられて貯湯槽５の上部の高温の湯が出湯
口３３から給湯配管４に流出し、給湯配管４を通じてこ
の高温の水を供給して給湯を行なうことができるもので
ある。貯湯槽５の上部内には高温の温度成層が形成され
ており、給水口３２から貯湯槽５内に供給された低温の
水は貯湯槽５の下部に留まっているので、安定した温度
の湯を大量に利用することができるものである。また図
６に示すように、バイパス配管７への分岐箇所の切替バ
ルブ８と熱交換器１０の間の位置において、熱媒配管５
２にバッファ槽９が設けてある。上記のように熱交換器
１０で加熱された水の温度が貯湯槽５の上部の水の温度
よりも低いときには、水を熱交換器１０とバイパス配管
７との間で循環させるようになっているが、熱交換器１
０で加熱された水の温度が貯湯槽５の上部の水の温度よ
りも高くなると、熱交換器１０で加熱された水が出水口
３１から貯湯槽５の上部内へ流れるように切替バルブ８
で流路が切り替えられ、貯湯槽５の下部の低温の水が取
水口３０から熱媒配管５２を通じて熱交換器１０に導入
される。このとき、熱交換器１０とバイパス配管７との
間に保有される水の量が少ないと、貯湯槽５の下部の低
温の水が熱交換器１０に導入されることによって、熱交
換器１０から送り出される水の温度が急激に下がり、温
度センサー３９で測定される水の温度が貯湯槽５の上部
の水の温度よりも低くなり、再度切替バルブ８による流
路の切替えがなされるというように、切替バルブ８によ
る流路の切替えが不安定になる。そこで、上記のように
熱交換器１０とバイパス配管７との間に、水を溜めて熱
媒配管５２内の水の量を増やすバッファ槽９を設けるよ
うにしたものであり、切替バルブ８による流路の切替え
の際に水の温度が急激に下がるのを防止して、切替バル
ブ８の作動を安定させるようにしてある。When the hot water in the hot water storage tank 5 is used, water such as tap water is supplied from the water supply port 32 to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 5 through the water supply pipe 3 to be pushed up to the water supplied to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 5. The hot water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 flows out of the hot water outlet 33 into the hot water supply pipe 4, and the hot water can be supplied through the hot water supply pipe 4 to supply hot water. A high-temperature stratification is formed in the upper part of the hot-water storage tank 5, and the low-temperature water supplied from the water supply port 32 into the hot-water storage tank 5 stays in the lower part of the hot-water storage tank 5, so that a stable temperature of the hot water is maintained. Can be used in large quantities. As shown in FIG. 6, at a position between the switching valve 8 and the heat exchanger 10 at a branch point to the bypass pipe 7, the heat medium pipe 5
2 is provided with a buffer tank 9. When the temperature of the water heated by the heat exchanger 10 is lower than the temperature of the water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 as described above, the water is circulated between the heat exchanger 10 and the bypass pipe 7. There is a heat exchanger 1
When the temperature of the water heated at 0 is higher than the temperature of the water at the top of the hot water storage tank 5, the switching valve 8 allows the water heated at the heat exchanger 10 to flow from the water outlet 31 into the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5.
Then, the flow path is switched, and low-temperature water at the lower part of the hot water storage tank 5 is introduced into the heat exchanger 10 from the water inlet 30 through the heat medium pipe 52. At this time, if the amount of water retained between the heat exchanger 10 and the bypass pipe 7 is small, the low-temperature water in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 5 is introduced into the heat exchanger 10 so that the heat exchanger 10 The temperature of the water sent out from the water drops sharply, the temperature of the water measured by the temperature sensor 39 becomes lower than the temperature of the water in the upper part of the hot water tank 5, and the switching valve 8 switches the flow path again. In addition, the switching of the flow path by the switching valve 8 becomes unstable. Therefore, as described above, the buffer tank 9 for storing water and increasing the amount of water in the heat medium pipe 52 is provided between the heat exchanger 10 and the bypass pipe 7. When the flow path is switched, the temperature of the water is prevented from dropping sharply, and the operation of the switching valve 8 is stabilized.

【００４４】また図１に示すように、加熱された水が供
給される貯湯槽５の上部内に予備混合槽１１が設けてあ
る。予備混合槽１１は加熱用熱交換手段６を構成する出
水口３１を囲むように形成されるものであり、上面の開
口によって予備混合槽１１を貯湯槽５内に連通させるよ
うにしてある。熱交換器１０で加熱された水が出水口３
１から貯湯槽５内に供給される際に、この水がいきなり
貯湯槽５内に流れ込むと、この水の流れで貯湯槽５の上
部内の高温の温度成層が攪拌されて壊されるおそれがあ
るが、出水口３１から流れ込む水の勢いを予備混合槽１
１で弱めて貯湯槽５内に流入させることができ、貯湯槽
５の上部内の高温の温度成層が壊されることを防ぐこと
ができるものである。また熱交換器１０とバイパス配管
７との間で水を循環させているときには、切替バルブ８
と出水口３１との間の熱媒配管５２内の水は熱媒配管２
６内に滞留したままであるため、外気により冷やされて
温度が低下している。従って切替バルブ８を切り替えた
ときにはまずこの冷やされた水が出水口３１から貯湯槽
５に流れ込むことになるが、この冷やされた水は一旦、
予備混合槽１１に入って高温の水と混合された後に、貯
湯槽５に入ることになり、冷やされた低温の水で貯湯槽
５の上部内の高温の温度成層が壊されることを防ぐこと
ができるものである。As shown in FIG. 1, a premix tank 11 is provided in the upper part of the hot water tank 5 to which heated water is supplied. The premix tank 11 is formed so as to surround the water outlet 31 constituting the heat exchange means 6 for heating. The premix tank 11 is connected to the hot water storage tank 5 by an opening on the upper surface. The water heated by the heat exchanger 10 is the outlet 3
If this water suddenly flows into the hot water storage tank 5 when it is supplied from 1 into the hot water storage tank 5, the high temperature stratification in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 may be agitated and broken by the flow of the water. However, the momentum of water flowing from the outlet 31 is
1 can be weakened and flow into the hot water storage tank 5 to prevent the high-temperature stratification in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 from being broken. When water is circulating between the heat exchanger 10 and the bypass pipe 7, the switching valve 8
In the heat medium pipe 52 between the water and the water outlet 31
Since it has stayed inside 6, it has been cooled by outside air and its temperature has dropped. Therefore, when the switching valve 8 is switched, first, the cooled water flows into the hot water storage tank 5 from the water outlet 31.
After entering the pre-mixing tank 11 and mixing with the high-temperature water, it enters the hot-water storage tank 5 to prevent the high-temperature stratification in the upper part of the hot-water storage tank 5 from being broken by the cooled low-temperature water. Can be done.

【００４５】[0045]

【実施例】次に本発明を実施例によって具体的に説明す
る。 （実施例１）図１に示すコジェネレーションシステムで
給湯を行なった。すなわち、原燃料として天然ガス（主
成分メタンガス）を用い、改質器２１により次の反応で
水蒸気改質を行ない、水素リッチな改質ガスを生成し
た。Next, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples. Example 1 Hot water was supplied by the cogeneration system shown in FIG. That is, natural gas (main component methane gas) was used as a raw fuel, and steam reforming was performed by the reformer 21 in the next reaction to produce a hydrogen-rich reformed gas.

【００４６】ＣＨ4 ＋２Ｈ2 Ｏ→４Ｈ2 ＋ＣＯ2 この改質には高温での触媒反応が必要であり、原燃料で
ある天然ガスの燃焼によって改質器２１内を６００〜７
００℃に加熱した。このようにして得られた改質ガスを
固体高分子型燃料電池１ａのアノード部に供給し、カソ
ード部には酸素を含む空気を供給することによって発電
を行なった。改質器２１及び燃料電池１ａでは発電の際
に高温の廃熱が生じるので、水を熱媒として廃熱回収用
熱交換器２４に通して廃熱を回収させた。CH 4 + 2H 2 O → 4H 2 + CO 2 This reforming requires a catalytic reaction at a high temperature, and the natural gas as a raw fuel burns through the reformer 21 to 600-7.
Heated to 00 ° C. The reformed gas thus obtained was supplied to the anode of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 1a, and air containing oxygen was supplied to the cathode to generate power. Since high-temperature waste heat is generated in the reformer 21 and the fuel cell 1a at the time of power generation, the waste heat was recovered by passing water through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 24 using water as a heat medium.

【００４７】貯湯槽５としては２００リットルのステン
レス製タンクを用い、外周に断熱材として厚み１００ｍ
ｍのグラスウールを巻いた。貯湯槽５の内部には水を満
たし、熱媒配管２６で改質器２１及び燃料電池１ａの廃
熱を回収する廃熱回収用熱交換器２４と貯湯槽５とを接
続し、ポンプ３４で貯湯槽５内の水を廃熱回収用熱交換
器２４を通して循環させた。熱媒配管２６の経路は、貯
湯槽５の下部の取水口３０から貯湯槽５の下部内の水を
取水し、貯湯槽５の上部の出水口３１から貯湯槽５の上
部内に返送する循環経路とした。出水口３１には半球状
で上面が開放されている予備混合槽１１を設けた。出水
口３１と廃熱回収用熱交換器２４の間及び取水口３０と
廃熱回収用熱交換器２４の間で接続されるように熱媒配
管２６にバイパス配管７を分岐して設け、出水口３１と
廃熱回収用熱交換器２４の間のバイパス配管７を分岐す
る箇所に電動三方弁の切替バルブ８を設けた。そして温
度センサー３９で測定される熱媒配管２６内の水の温度
が、温度センサー３８で測定される貯湯槽５内の水温よ
り低い場合は、バイパス配管７と廃熱回収用熱交換器２
４の間で水を循環させ、熱媒配管２６内の水の温度が貯
湯槽５内の水温より高い場合は、貯湯槽５と廃熱回収用
熱交換器２４の間で水を循環させるように、切替バルブ
８で流路を切り替えるようにした。また貯湯槽５の下部
には水を供給する給水口３２を、上部には給湯する出湯
口３３を設け、給水口３２から給湯槽５内に２０℃の水
を給水することによって貯湯槽５の上部内の湯を出湯口
３３から給湯するようにした。As the hot water storage tank 5, a 200-liter stainless steel tank was used, and the outer periphery thereof was 100 m thick as a heat insulating material.
m glass wool. The inside of the hot water tank 5 is filled with water, and a heat medium pipe 26 connects the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 24 for recovering waste heat of the reformer 21 and the fuel cell 1 a with the hot water tank 5. The water in the hot water tank 5 was circulated through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 24. The path of the heat medium pipe 26 is a circuit for taking water in the lower part of the hot water tank 5 from the water inlet 30 at the lower part of the hot water tank 5 and returning the water from the water outlet 31 at the upper part of the hot water tank 5 to the upper part of the hot water tank 5. Route. The water outlet 31 was provided with a premixing tank 11 having a hemispherical shape and an open upper surface. The bypass pipe 7 is branched from the heat medium pipe 26 so as to be connected between the water outlet 31 and the heat exchanger 24 for waste heat recovery and between the water intake 30 and the heat exchanger 24 for waste heat recovery. A switching valve 8 of an electric three-way valve was provided at a location where the bypass pipe 7 branches between the water port 31 and the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 24. When the temperature of the water in the heat medium pipe 26 measured by the temperature sensor 39 is lower than the water temperature in the hot water storage tank 5 measured by the temperature sensor 38, the bypass pipe 7 and the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 2
When the temperature of the water in the heat medium pipe 26 is higher than the temperature of the water in the hot water tank 5, the water is circulated between the hot water tank 5 and the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 24. Then, the flow path is switched by the switching valve 8. A water supply port 32 for supplying water is provided at a lower part of the hot water storage tank 5, and a tap hole 33 for supplying hot water is provided at an upper part of the hot water storage tank 5. The hot water in the upper part was supplied from the tap 33.

【００４８】そして、図７に示すように１日１０時間発
電を行ない、図８に示すように２０℃の水と混合して４
２℃にした湯を１日３回に分けて４１０リットル使用し
た。改質器２１に０．３ｍ3 ／ｈの天然ガスを供給して
燃料電池１ａで１．１ｋＷの発電をすることができた。
発電した電力は直流から交流にインバータで変換し、最
終的に１ｋＷの交流電力として利用した。また廃熱とし
て２．７ｋＷ生じたうちの、１．９ｋＷを回収すること
ができた。上記のパターンで１日発電及び給湯を行なっ
たのち、２日目に計測を行なったところ、貯湯槽５から
約８０℃のお湯を１日中取り出すことができ、２０℃の
水と混合して４２℃の湯として利用することができた。Then, as shown in FIG. 7, power is generated for 10 hours a day, and as shown in FIG.
410 liters of hot water at 2 ° C. was used three times a day. By supplying 0.3 m 3 / h of natural gas to the reformer 21, 1.1 kW of power could be generated by the fuel cell 1a.
The generated power was converted from DC to AC by an inverter, and was finally used as 1 kW AC power. In addition, 1.9 kW of 2.7 kW generated as waste heat could be recovered. After performing power generation and hot water supply according to the above-mentioned pattern for one day, and performing measurement on the second day, hot water of about 80 ° C. can be taken out of the hot water storage tank 5 all day and mixed with water of 20 ° C. It could be used as hot water at 42 ° C.

【００４９】（実施例２）図５に示すコジェネレーショ
ンシステムで給湯を行なった。このものは基本的には図
１のものと同じであるが、貯湯槽５の内部にタンク上面
から５０リットルの水量の部分に温度センサー４９を設
けた。また廃熱回収用熱交換器２４とバイパス配管７の
切替バルブ８の間に、燃料電池１ａで発電した電気を用
いて熱媒配管２６内の水を加熱するヒーター１６ａを設
け、また燃料電池１ａからの電気をヒーター１６ａに給
電するか、他の電力利用機器に送電するかを切り替える
送電切替器１５を設けた。そして温度センサー４９で測
定される貯湯槽５内の水の温度が５０℃以下になった時
点で、燃料電池１ａからの電気をヒーター１６ａに給電
するよう送電切替器１５を切り替えるようにした。(Example 2) Hot water was supplied by the cogeneration system shown in FIG. This is basically the same as that of FIG. 1, except that a temperature sensor 49 is provided inside the hot water storage tank 5 at a water volume of 50 liters from the tank upper surface. Further, a heater 16a for heating water in the heat medium pipe 26 using electricity generated by the fuel cell 1a is provided between the heat exchanger 24 for waste heat recovery and the switching valve 8 of the bypass pipe 7, and the fuel cell 1a A power transmission switch 15 is provided for switching between supplying power from the heater 16a to the heater 16a and transmitting power to another power using device. Then, when the temperature of the water in the hot water tank 5 measured by the temperature sensor 49 becomes 50 ° C. or less, the power transmission switch 15 is switched so as to supply electricity from the fuel cell 1a to the heater 16a.

【００５０】このものにあっても、実施例１と同じく図
７に示すように１日１０時間発電を行ない、給湯は図９
のように２０℃の水と混合して４２℃にした湯を１日３
回に分けて、実施例１よりも多い５１０リットル使用し
た。そして、２日目に計測を行なったところ、湯切れす
ることなく貯湯槽５から安定的に約８０℃のお湯を取り
出すことができ、２０℃の水と混合して４２℃の湯とし
て利用することができた。Even in this case, as in Embodiment 1, power is generated for 10 hours a day as shown in FIG.
Water at 42 ° C mixed with water at 20 ° C 3 times a day
510 liters, which is larger than that of Example 1, was used in each of the times. Then, when the measurement was performed on the second day, hot water of about 80 ° C. could be stably taken out from the hot water storage tank 5 without running out of hot water, and mixed with 20 ° C. water to be used as 42 ° C. hot water. I was able to.

【００５１】（比較例）図１１に示すコジェネレーショ
ンシステムで給湯を行なった。このものでは、改質器２
１及び燃料電池１ａの廃熱を回収する廃熱回収用熱交換
器２４と貯湯槽５とを熱媒配管２６で直接接続し、ポン
プ３４で貯湯槽５内の水を廃熱回収用熱交換器２４を通
して循環させた。熱媒配管２６の経路は、貯湯槽５の下
部の取水口３０から貯湯槽５の下部内の水を取水し、貯
湯槽５の上部の出水口３１から貯湯槽５の上部内に返送
する循環経路とした。(Comparative Example) Hot water was supplied by the cogeneration system shown in FIG. In this case, the reformer 2
The waste heat recovery heat exchanger 24 for recovering waste heat of the fuel cell 1 and the fuel cell 1a is directly connected to the hot water storage tank 5 by the heat medium pipe 26, and the water in the hot water storage tank 5 is exchanged by the pump 34 for waste heat recovery. Circulated through vessel 24. The path of the heat medium pipe 26 is a circuit for taking water in the lower part of the hot water tank 5 from the water inlet 30 at the lower part of the hot water tank 5 and returning the water from the water outlet 31 at the upper part of the hot water tank 5 to the upper part of the hot water tank 5. Route.

【００５２】このものにあって、発電と給湯を実施例１
と同じパターンで行なったところ、貯湯槽５には燃料電
池１ａの稼働に合わせて不定期に温度の異なる水が熱媒
配管２６から供給されたため、貯湯槽５内に殆ど温度成
層が形成されず、貯湯層５からの出湯温度は図１２に示
すように温度変動が激しく、低温で給湯として使用でき
ない時間帯が生じた。In this embodiment, power generation and hot water supply are performed according to the first embodiment.
In the hot water storage tank 5, water having a different temperature was supplied from the heat medium pipe 26 to the hot water storage tank 5 at irregular intervals in accordance with the operation of the fuel cell 1 a, so that almost no temperature stratification was formed in the hot water storage tank 5. 12, the temperature of the hot water from the hot water storage layer 5 fluctuates greatly as shown in FIG.

【００５３】[0053]

【発明の効果】上記のように請求項１の発明は、エンジ
ン発電機や燃料電池のような発電機の発電時の廃熱を回
収して熱媒を加熱する廃熱用熱交換手段と、下部に給水
配管を上部に給湯配管をそれぞれ設けた貯湯槽と、廃熱
用熱交換手段の熱媒を用いて貯湯槽内の水を上部から加
熱する加熱用熱交換手段と、廃熱用熱交換手段と加熱用
熱交換手段の間に設けられるバイパス配管と、貯湯槽内
の水温より熱媒の温度が低いときにバイパス配管を通し
て廃熱用熱交換手段に熱媒を返送して熱媒を廃熱用熱交
換手段とバイパス配管との間で循環させ、且つ貯湯槽内
の水温より熱媒の温度が高いときに加熱用熱交換手段で
貯湯槽内の水を加熱させると共に熱媒を廃熱用熱交換手
段と加熱用熱交換手段との間で循環させるように、熱媒
の流路を切り替える切替バルブとを具備するので、貯湯
槽の水は上部で加熱されるものであって貯湯槽の上部内
に高温の温度成層が形成することができ、効率的に廃熱
を利用して貯湯槽に蓄熱することができ、小型化するこ
とが可能になるものであり、しかも貯湯槽内の水温より
も熱媒温度が低いときには、切替バルブとバイパス配管
の働きで、貯湯槽の上部の水が冷却されるようなことを
防ぐことができ、貯湯槽の上部内の高温の温度成層が壊
されることを防止して、安定した温度の湯を貯湯槽から
給湯することができるものである。As described above, the first aspect of the present invention is a waste heat heat exchanging means for recovering waste heat during power generation of a generator such as an engine generator or a fuel cell and heating a heat medium. A hot water tank provided with a water supply pipe at the lower part and a hot water supply pipe at the upper part; a heat exchange means for heating water in the hot water tank from above using a heat medium of a heat exchange means for waste heat; A bypass pipe provided between the exchange means and the heat exchange means for heating, and a heat medium that is returned to the heat exchange means for waste heat through the bypass pipe when the temperature of the heat medium is lower than the water temperature in the hot water storage tank. Circulate between the heat exchange means for waste heat and the bypass pipe, and when the temperature of the heat medium is higher than the water temperature in the hot water tank, heat the water in the hot water tank by the heat exchange means for heating and waste the heat medium. Switch the flow path of the heat medium so that it circulates between the heat exchange means for heating and the heat exchange means for heating Since the switching valve is provided, the water in the hot water tank is heated at the upper part, a high-temperature stratification can be formed in the upper part of the hot water tank, and the hot water tank can be efficiently utilized by utilizing waste heat. When the heat medium temperature is lower than the water temperature in the hot water storage tank, the water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank can be stored by the operation of the switching valve and the bypass pipe. Cooling can be prevented, high-temperature stratification in the upper part of the hot water tank can be prevented from being broken, and hot water with a stable temperature can be supplied from the hot water tank.

【００５４】また請求項２の発明は、廃熱用熱交換手段
とバイパス配管との間に、熱媒を溜めるバッファ槽を設
けるようにしたので、バッファ槽に水を溜めて熱媒の量
を増やすことができ、切替バルブによる流路の切替えの
際に熱媒の温度が急激に下がるのを防止して、切替バル
ブの作動を安定させることができるものである。また請
求項３の発明は、加熱用熱交換手段を、廃熱用熱交換手
段で加熱された水を貯湯槽の上部に供給すると共に、貯
湯槽の下部内の水を廃熱用熱交換手段に戻すように形成
したので、貯湯槽の上部内に高温の温度成層が形成する
ことができ、効率的に廃熱を利用して貯湯槽に蓄熱する
ことができ、小型化することが可能になると共に、上部
の高温の温度成層から安定した温度の湯を給湯すること
ができるものである。According to the second aspect of the present invention, a buffer tank for storing the heat medium is provided between the heat exchange means for waste heat and the bypass pipe, so that water is stored in the buffer tank to reduce the amount of the heat medium. It is possible to prevent the temperature of the heat medium from dropping abruptly when the flow path is switched by the switching valve, and to stabilize the operation of the switching valve. According to a third aspect of the present invention, the heating heat exchanging means supplies the water heated by the waste heat exchanging means to the upper part of the hot water storage tank, and the water in the lower part of the hot water storage tank becomes the heat exchange means for waste heat. As it is formed so as to return to the temperature, a high-temperature stratification can be formed in the upper part of the hot water storage tank, and the heat can be efficiently stored in the hot water storage tank by using the waste heat, and the size can be reduced. In addition, hot water at a stable temperature can be supplied from the high-temperature stratification at the top.

【００５５】また請求項４の発明は、エンジン発電機や
燃料電池のような発電機の発電時の廃熱を回収して熱媒
を加熱する廃熱用熱交換手段と、下部に給水配管を上部
に給湯配管をそれぞれ設けた貯湯槽と、熱媒を用いて貯
湯槽内の水を上部から加熱する加熱用熱交換手段と、廃
熱用熱交換手段で加熱された熱媒と加熱用熱交換手段の
熱媒とを熱交換する熱交換器と、熱交換器と加熱用熱交
換手段の間に設けられるバイパス配管と、貯湯槽内の水
温より加熱用熱交換手段の熱媒の温度が低いときにバイ
パス配管を通して熱交換器に熱媒を返送して熱媒を熱交
換器とバイパス配管との間で循環させ、且つ貯湯槽内の
水温より加熱用熱交換手段の熱媒の温度が高いときに加
熱用熱交換手段で貯湯槽内の水を加熱させると共に熱媒
を熱交換器と加熱用熱交換手段との間で循環させるよう
に、熱媒の流路を切り替える切替バルブとを具備するの
で、貯湯槽の水は上部で加熱されるものであって貯湯槽
の上部内に高温の温度成層が形成することができ、効率
的に廃熱を利用して貯湯槽に蓄熱することができ、小型
化することが可能になるものであり、しかも貯湯槽内の
水温よりも熱媒温度が低いときには、切替バルブとバイ
パス配管の働きで、貯湯槽の上部の水が冷却されるよう
なことを防ぐことができ、貯湯槽の上部内の高温の温度
成層が壊されることを防止して、安定した温度の湯を貯
湯槽から給湯することができるものである。The invention according to claim 4 further comprises a waste heat heat exchanging means for recovering waste heat at the time of power generation of a generator such as an engine generator or a fuel cell and heating a heating medium, and a water supply pipe at a lower portion. A hot water tank provided with a hot water supply pipe at the top, a heat exchange means for heating the water in the hot water tank from above using a heat medium, a heat medium heated by the heat exchange means for waste heat and heat for heating A heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the heat medium of the exchange means; a bypass pipe provided between the heat exchanger and the heat exchange means for heating; and a temperature of the heat medium of the heat exchange means for heating based on the water temperature in the hot water storage tank. When the temperature is low, the heat medium is returned to the heat exchanger through the bypass pipe to circulate the heat medium between the heat exchanger and the bypass pipe, and the temperature of the heat medium of the heating heat exchange means is lower than the water temperature in the hot water storage tank. When the temperature is high, heat the water in the hot water tank with the heat exchange means for heating and heat the heat medium with the heat exchanger. A switching valve for switching the flow path of the heat medium so as to circulate the heat with the heat exchange means, so that the water in the hot water tank is heated at the upper part and the high temperature is stored in the upper part of the hot water tank. A stratification can be formed, heat can be efficiently stored in the hot water storage tank using waste heat, and the size can be reduced, and the temperature of the heating medium is lower than the temperature of the water in the hot storage tank. When low, the function of the switching valve and the bypass pipe can prevent the water in the upper part of the hot water tank from being cooled, and prevent the high temperature stratification in the upper part of the hot water tank from being broken, Hot water at a stable temperature can be supplied from a hot water storage tank.

【００５６】また請求項５の発明は、熱交換器とバイパ
ス配管との間に、熱媒を溜めるバッファ槽を設けるよう
にしたので、バッファ槽に水を溜めて熱媒の量を増やす
ことができ、切替バルブによる流路の切替えの際に熱媒
の温度が急激に下がるのを防止して、切替バルブの作動
を安定させることができるものである。また請求項６の
発明は、加熱用熱交換手段を、熱交換器で加熱された水
を貯湯槽の上部に供給すると共に、貯湯槽の下部内の水
を熱交換器に戻すように形成したので、貯湯槽の上部内
に高温の温度成層が形成することができ、効率的に廃熱
を利用して貯湯槽に蓄熱することができ、小型化するこ
とが可能になると共に、上部の高温の温度成層から安定
した温度の湯を給湯することができるものである。According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the buffer tank for storing the heat medium is provided between the heat exchanger and the bypass pipe, it is possible to increase the amount of the heat medium by storing water in the buffer tank. It is possible to prevent the temperature of the heat medium from dropping abruptly when the flow path is switched by the switching valve, and to stabilize the operation of the switching valve. In the invention according to claim 6, the heat exchange means for heating is formed so as to supply the water heated by the heat exchanger to the upper part of the hot water tank and return the water in the lower part of the hot water tank to the heat exchanger. Therefore, a high-temperature stratification can be formed in the upper part of the hot water storage tank, and the waste heat can be efficiently used to store the heat in the hot water storage tank. Hot water at a stable temperature can be supplied from the temperature stratification.

【００５７】また請求項７の発明は、加熱された水が供
給される貯湯槽の上部内に予備混合槽を設けるようにし
たので、貯湯槽の上部に供給される水の勢いを予備混合
槽で弱めて貯湯槽５内に流入させることができ、貯湯槽
の上部内の高温の温度成層が壊されることを防ぐことが
できるものであり、また、低温の水が貯湯槽に流れ込ん
でもこの低温の水は予備混合槽に入って高温の水と混合
された後に貯湯槽に入ることになり、低温の水で貯湯槽
の上部内の高温の温度成層が壊されることを防ぐことが
できるものである。According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, since the premixing tank is provided in the upper part of the hot water tank to which the heated water is supplied, the momentum of the water supplied to the upper part of the hot water tank is reduced by the premixing tank. The water can be weakened to flow into the hot water storage tank 5 to prevent the high-temperature stratification in the upper part of the hot water storage tank from being broken, and even if low-temperature water flows into the hot water storage tank, The water enters the pre-mixing tank and enters the hot water tank after being mixed with the high-temperature water, which prevents the high-temperature temperature stratification in the upper part of the hot-water tank from being broken by the low-temperature water. is there.

【００５８】また請求項８の発明は、回収した発電機の
廃熱を用いて風呂の追い炊きをする追い炊き手段を具備
するので、発電機の廃熱を風呂の追い炊きに有効利用す
ることができるものである。また請求項９の発明は、貯
湯槽の上部に設けられ、発電機で発電された電気を用い
て貯湯槽内の水を加熱する水加熱手段と、発電機で発電
された電気を外部に送電するか水加熱手段に送電するか
の切り替えをする送電切替器とを具備するので、貯湯槽
内の熱が不足した場合に、発電機で生じる余剰電力を利
用して貯湯槽内の水を加熱することができ、安定して給
湯を行なうことができるものである。The invention according to claim 8 further comprises a reheating means for reheating the bath using the recovered waste heat of the generator, so that the waste heat of the generator can be effectively used for reheating the bath. Can be done. According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a water heating means provided at an upper portion of a hot water storage tank for heating water in the hot water storage tank using electricity generated by the generator, and transmitting the electricity generated by the generator to the outside. And a power transmission switch that switches between power transmission to the water heating means and, when heat in the hot water storage tank runs short, heats the water in the hot water storage tank using excess power generated by the generator. It is possible to stably supply hot water.

【００５９】また請求項１０の発明は、電気料金の安い
時間帯の電気を用いて貯湯槽内の水を加熱する水加熱手
段を貯湯槽の上部に具備するので、水加熱手段で貯湯槽
内の水を加熱するにあたって、安価な電気を利用して経
済性を高めることができるものである。また請求項１１
の発明は、発電機で発電された電気を用いて発電機の廃
熱を回収した熱媒を加熱する熱媒加熱手段と、発電機で
発電された電気を外部に送電するか熱媒加熱手段に送電
するかの切り替えをする送電切替器とを具備するので、
廃熱を回収して加熱された熱媒の温度が低いときに、発
電機で生じる余剰電力を利用して熱媒を加熱することが
でき、安定して給湯を行なうことができるものである。According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, since the water heating means for heating the water in the hot water tank using the electricity during the time period when the electricity rate is low is provided at the upper part of the hot water tank, the water heating means is used to heat the water in the hot water tank. When heating water, it is possible to increase economic efficiency by using inexpensive electricity. Claim 11
The invention is directed to a heating medium heating means for heating a heating medium having recovered waste heat of the generator by using electricity generated by the generator, and a means for transmitting the electricity generated by the generator to the outside or a heating medium heating means. And a power transmission switcher that switches power transmission to
When the temperature of the heat medium heated by collecting waste heat is low, the heat medium can be heated by using surplus electric power generated by the generator, and hot water can be stably supplied.

【００６０】また請求項１２の発明は、電気料金の安い
時間帯の電気を用いて発電機の廃熱を回収した熱媒を加
熱する熱媒加熱手段を具備するので、熱媒加熱手段で熱
媒を加熱するにあたって、安価な電気を利用して経済性
を高めることができるものである。Further, the invention according to claim 12 is provided with a heating medium heating means for heating the heating medium which has recovered the waste heat of the generator by using electricity in a time zone when the electricity rate is low. In heating the medium, inexpensive electricity can be used to improve economic efficiency.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図１】本発明の実施の形態の一例を示す概略図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

【図２】本発明の実施の形態の他の一例を示す概略図で
ある。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the embodiment of the present invention.

【図３】本発明の実施の形態の他の一例を示す概略図で
ある。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the embodiment of the present invention.

【図４】本発明の実施の形態の他の一例を示す概略図で
ある。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the embodiment of the present invention.

【図５】本発明の実施の形態の他の一例を示す概略図で
ある。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the embodiment of the present invention.

【図６】本発明の実施の形態の他の一例を示す概略図で
ある。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the embodiment of the present invention.

【図７】発電のパターンを示すグラフである。FIG. 7 is a graph showing a power generation pattern.

【図８】給湯のパターンを示すグラフである。FIG. 8 is a graph showing a hot water supply pattern.

【図９】給湯のパターンを示すグラフである。FIG. 9 is a graph showing a hot water supply pattern.

【図１０】従来の一例を示す概略図である。FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing an example of the related art.

【図１１】従来の他の一例を示す概略図である。FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing another example of the related art.

【図１２】給湯温度を示すグラフである。FIG. 12 is a graph showing a hot water supply temperature.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１ 発電機 ２ 廃熱用熱交換手段 ３ 給水配管 ４ 給湯配管 ５ 貯湯槽 ６ 加熱用熱交換手段 ７ バイパス配管 ８ 切替バルブ ９ バッファ槽 １０ 熱交換器 １１ 予備混合槽 １２ 風呂 １３ 追い炊き手段 １４ 水加熱手段 １５ 送電切替器 １６ 熱媒加熱手段 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Generator 2 Heat exchange means for waste heat 3 Water supply pipe 4 Hot water supply pipe 5 Hot water storage tank 6 Heat exchange means for heating 7 Bypass pipe 8 Switching valve 9 Buffer tank 10 Heat exchanger 11 Premixing tank 12 Bath 13 Purging means 14 Water Heating means 15 Power transmission switch 16 Heat medium heating means

Claims (12)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 エンジン発電機や燃料電池のような発電
機の発電時の廃熱を回収して熱媒を加熱する廃熱用熱交
換手段と、下部に給水配管を上部に給湯配管をそれぞれ
設けた貯湯槽と、廃熱用熱交換手段の熱媒を用いて貯湯
槽内の水を上部から加熱する加熱用熱交換手段と、廃熱
用熱交換手段と加熱用熱交換手段の間に設けられるバイ
パス配管と、貯湯槽内の水温より熱媒の温度が低いとき
にバイパス配管を通して廃熱用熱交換手段に熱媒を返送
して熱媒を廃熱用熱交換手段とバイパス配管との間で循
環させ、且つ貯湯槽内の水温より熱媒の温度が高いとき
に加熱用熱交換手段で貯湯槽内の水を加熱させると共に
熱媒を廃熱用熱交換手段と加熱用熱交換手段との間で循
環させるように、熱媒の流路を切り替える切替バルブと
を具備して成ることを特徴とするコジェネレーションシ
ステム。1. A waste heat heat exchanging means for recovering waste heat generated by a generator such as an engine generator or a fuel cell and heating a heating medium, a water supply pipe at a lower part, and a hot water supply pipe at an upper part. The provided hot water storage tank, the heat exchange means for heating the water in the hot water tank from above using the heat medium of the heat exchange means for waste heat, and the heat exchange means for waste heat and the heat exchange means for heating A bypass pipe provided, and the heat medium is returned to the heat exchange means for waste heat through the bypass pipe when the temperature of the heat medium is lower than the water temperature in the hot water storage tank, and the heat medium is exchanged between the heat exchange means for waste heat and the bypass pipe. When the temperature of the heat medium is higher than the water temperature in the hot water tank, the water in the hot water tank is heated by the heat exchange means for heating, and the heat medium is exchanged with the heat exchange means for waste heat and the heat exchange means for heating. A switching valve for switching the flow path of the heat medium so as to circulate between Cogeneration system characterized by the following. 【請求項２】 廃熱用熱交換手段とバイパス配管との間
に、熱媒を溜めるバッファ槽を設けて成ることを特徴と
する請求項１に記載のコジェネレーションシステム。2. The cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein a buffer tank for storing a heat medium is provided between the waste heat heat exchange means and the bypass pipe. 【請求項３】 加熱用熱交換手段が、廃熱用熱交換手段
で加熱された水を貯湯槽の上部に供給すると共に、貯湯
槽の下部内の水を廃熱用熱交換手段に戻すものであるこ
とを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のコジェネレーシ
ョンシステム。3. The heating heat exchange means supplies water heated by the waste heat heat exchange means to an upper part of the hot water storage tank and returns water in a lower part of the hot water storage tank to the waste heat heat exchange means. The cogeneration system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 【請求項４】 エンジン発電機や燃料電池のような発電
機の発電時の廃熱を回収して熱媒を加熱する廃熱用熱交
換手段と、下部に給水配管を上部に給湯配管をそれぞれ
設けた貯湯槽と、熱媒を用いて貯湯槽内の水を上部から
加熱する加熱用熱交換手段と、廃熱用熱交換手段で加熱
された熱媒と加熱用熱交換手段の熱媒とを熱交換する熱
交換器と、熱交換器と加熱用熱交換手段の間に設けられ
るバイパス配管と、貯湯槽内の水温より加熱用熱交換手
段の熱媒の温度が低いときにバイパス配管を通して熱交
換器に熱媒を返送して熱媒を熱交換器とバイパス配管と
の間で循環させ、且つ貯湯槽内の水温より加熱用熱交換
手段の熱媒の温度が高いときに加熱用熱交換手段で貯湯
槽内の水を加熱させると共に熱媒を熱交換器と加熱用熱
交換手段との間で循環させるように、熱媒の流路を切り
替える切替バルブとを具備して成ることを特徴とするコ
ジェネレーションシステム。4. A waste heat heat exchange means for recovering waste heat during power generation of a generator such as an engine generator or a fuel cell and heating a heat medium, a water supply pipe at a lower part, and a hot water supply pipe at an upper part. The provided hot water storage tank, a heating heat exchange means for heating the water in the hot water storage tank from above using a heat medium, a heat medium heated by the waste heat heat exchange means and a heat medium of the heating heat exchange means. A heat exchanger for exchanging heat, a bypass pipe provided between the heat exchanger and the heat exchange means for heating, and a bypass pipe when the temperature of the heat medium of the heat exchange means for heating is lower than the water temperature in the hot water storage tank. The heat medium is returned to the heat exchanger to circulate the heat medium between the heat exchanger and the bypass pipe, and when the temperature of the heat medium of the heat exchange means for heating is higher than the water temperature in the hot water storage tank, the heat for heating is returned. The water in the hot water storage tank is heated by the exchange means, and the heat medium is circulated between the heat exchanger and the heat exchange means for heating. A cogeneration system comprising: a switching valve that switches a flow path of a heat medium so as to form a ring. 【請求項５】 熱交換器とバイパス配管との間に、熱媒
を溜めるバッファ槽を設けて成ることを特徴とする請求
項４に記載のコジェネレーションシステム。5. The cogeneration system according to claim 4, wherein a buffer tank for storing a heat medium is provided between the heat exchanger and the bypass pipe. 【請求項６】 加熱用熱交換手段が、熱交換器で加熱さ
れた水を貯湯槽の上部に供給すると共に、貯湯槽の下部
内の水を熱交換器に戻すものであることを特徴とする請
求項４又は５に記載のコジェネレーションシステム。6. A heating heat exchange means for supplying water heated by the heat exchanger to an upper portion of the hot water storage tank and returning water in a lower portion of the hot water storage tank to the heat exchanger. The cogeneration system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein 【請求項７】 加熱された水が供給される貯湯槽の上部
内に予備混合槽を設けて成ることを特徴とする請求項３
又は６に記載のコジェネレーションシステム。7. A premixing tank is provided in an upper portion of a hot water tank to which heated water is supplied.
Or the cogeneration system according to 6. 【請求項８】 回収した発電機の廃熱を用いて風呂の追
い炊きをする追い炊き手段を具備して成ることを特徴と
する請求項１乃至７のいずれかに記載のコジェネレーシ
ョンシステム。8. The cogeneration system according to claim 1, further comprising a reheating means for reheating the bath using the recovered waste heat of the generator. 【請求項９】 貯湯槽の上部に設けられ、発電機で発電
された電気を用いて貯湯槽内の水を加熱する水加熱手段
と、発電機で発電された電気を外部に送電するか水加熱
手段に送電するかの切り替えをする送電切替器とを具備
して成ることを特徴とする請求項１乃至８のいずれかに
記載のコジェネレーションシステム。9. A water heating means provided at an upper part of the hot water storage tank for heating water in the hot water storage tank by using electricity generated by the generator, and transmitting the electricity generated by the generator to the outside, The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: a power transmission switch for switching whether to transmit power to the heating unit. 【請求項１０】 電気料金の安い時間帯の電気を用いて
貯湯槽内の水を加熱する水加熱手段を貯湯槽の上部に具
備して成ることを特徴とする請求項１乃至９のいずれか
に記載のコジェネレーションシステム。10. The hot water tank is provided with a water heating means for heating water in the hot water tank using electricity in a time zone when the electricity rate is low. The cogeneration system according to 1. 【請求項１１】 発電機で発電された電気を用いて発電
機の廃熱を回収した熱媒を加熱する熱媒加熱手段と、発
電機で発電された電気を外部に送電するか熱媒加熱手段
に送電するかの切り替えをする送電切替器とを具備して
成ることを特徴とする請求項１乃至１０のいずれかに記
載のコジェネレーションシステム。11. A heating medium heating means for heating a heating medium that has recovered waste heat of the generator using electricity generated by the generator, and transmitting the electricity generated by the generator to the outside or heating the heating medium. The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising: a power transmission switch for switching whether to transmit power to the means. 【請求項１２】 電気料金の安い時間帯の電気を用いて
発電機の廃熱を回収した熱媒を加熱する熱媒加熱手段を
具備して成ることを特徴とする請求項１乃至１１のいず
れかに記載のコジェネレーションシステム。12. A heating medium heating means for heating a heating medium which has recovered waste heat of a generator by using electricity in a time zone when electricity rates are low, wherein the heating medium heating means is provided. The cogeneration system described in Crab.
JP2619598A 1998-02-06 1998-02-06 Co-generation system Pending JPH11223385A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2619598A JPH11223385A (en) 1998-02-06 1998-02-06 Co-generation system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2619598A JPH11223385A (en) 1998-02-06 1998-02-06 Co-generation system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH11223385A true JPH11223385A (en) 1999-08-17

Family

ID=12186720

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2619598A Pending JPH11223385A (en) 1998-02-06 1998-02-06 Co-generation system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH11223385A (en)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001037361A1 (en) * 1999-11-18 2001-05-25 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Cogeneration device
JP2003056909A (en) * 2001-08-07 2003-02-26 Noritz Corp Heat recovery apparatus and cogeneration system
WO2003062716A1 (en) * 2002-01-23 2003-07-31 Changchun Lu Auto energy saving waterheater of various or ranges
JP2006057873A (en) * 2004-08-17 2006-03-02 Osaka Gas Co Ltd Hot water storage type exhaust heat recovery system
JP2007248008A (en) * 2006-03-17 2007-09-27 Nippon Oil Corp Cogeneration system and its operation method
JP2008157511A (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-10 Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The Bearing cooling water heat recovery device
JP2009064753A (en) * 2007-09-10 2009-03-26 Ebara Ballard Corp Fuel cell system
CN102997440A (en) * 2012-10-17 2013-03-27 陈敏途 Control method of electromagnetic type water heater using tap water as kinetic energy
JP2013257118A (en) * 2012-06-14 2013-12-26 Toho Gas Co Ltd Cogeneration unit, cogeneration system and method of operating cogeneration system
CN108587693A (en) * 2018-05-24 2018-09-28 邵博 A kind of device of fired power generating unit coupled biological matter gasification burning power generation
CN109612109A (en) * 2018-10-22 2019-04-12 中山市恒乐电器有限公司 A kind of cold water recovery-type hot-water heating system and cold water recovery method
CN110388685A (en) * 2019-07-09 2019-10-29 鞍钢股份有限公司 System and method that is a kind of while recycling a variety of industrial exhaust heats
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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7147951B1 (en) 1999-11-18 2006-12-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Cogeneration device
WO2001037361A1 (en) * 1999-11-18 2001-05-25 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Cogeneration device
JP2003056909A (en) * 2001-08-07 2003-02-26 Noritz Corp Heat recovery apparatus and cogeneration system
WO2003062716A1 (en) * 2002-01-23 2003-07-31 Changchun Lu Auto energy saving waterheater of various or ranges
JP2006057873A (en) * 2004-08-17 2006-03-02 Osaka Gas Co Ltd Hot water storage type exhaust heat recovery system
JP2007248008A (en) * 2006-03-17 2007-09-27 Nippon Oil Corp Cogeneration system and its operation method
JP2008157511A (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-10 Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The Bearing cooling water heat recovery device
JP2009064753A (en) * 2007-09-10 2009-03-26 Ebara Ballard Corp Fuel cell system
JP2013257118A (en) * 2012-06-14 2013-12-26 Toho Gas Co Ltd Cogeneration unit, cogeneration system and method of operating cogeneration system
CN102997440A (en) * 2012-10-17 2013-03-27 陈敏途 Control method of electromagnetic type water heater using tap water as kinetic energy
CN108587693A (en) * 2018-05-24 2018-09-28 邵博 A kind of device of fired power generating unit coupled biological matter gasification burning power generation
CN109612109A (en) * 2018-10-22 2019-04-12 中山市恒乐电器有限公司 A kind of cold water recovery-type hot-water heating system and cold water recovery method
CN110388685A (en) * 2019-07-09 2019-10-29 鞍钢股份有限公司 System and method that is a kind of while recycling a variety of industrial exhaust heats
CN110388685B (en) * 2019-07-09 2021-05-28 鞍钢股份有限公司 System and method for simultaneously recovering multiple industrial waste heat
CN114865018A (en) * 2022-05-27 2022-08-05 山东金科氢能科技有限公司 Fuel cell cogeneration system
CN114865018B (en) * 2022-05-27 2023-09-08 山东金科氢能科技有限公司 Fuel cell cogeneration system

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