JPH11194332A - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve a liquid crystal display element having a wide viewing angle and uniform quality of display. SOLUTION: A liquid crystal layer filled with a liquid crystal 13 is provided between a light incident side transparent substrate 2 and a light exit side transparent substrate 3 which are arranged adjacent and opposed to each other. On the light incident side surface of a light exit side transparent substrate 3, both picture element electrodes 8 and common electrodes 9 are formed in a comb-like foot having plural teeth, and are arranged in matrix with their teeth alternately engaged in parallel with each other. On the light incident side surface of a light incident side transparent substrate 2, a micro lens array 10 is arranged for focusing illumination light 17 on the open areas between the teeth of the picture element electrodes and those of the common electrodes.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device for displaying an image by transmitting illumination light.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a display element using liquid crystal has been regarded as important because of its advantages of thinness, light weight, and low power consumption.
In these liquid crystal display elements, a nematic liquid crystal having a twisted molecular arrangement is generally used, and STN (Super Twisted Nematic) is used because of the magnitude of the twist angle.
magnetic) liquid crystal display element or TN (Twisted N)
(ematic) type liquid crystal display devices. ST
Since the N-type liquid crystal display element has a steep electro-optical characteristic, it can be driven by electrodes in a simple matrix and can be manufactured at low cost.
However, there is a problem that the viewing angle is largely dependent and the operation speed is slow, for example, the display is inverted depending on the observation angle. Further, the TN type liquid crystal display device is used for applications requiring high display performance due to its high contrast ratio, but also has a problem that the viewing angle dependence is large and the operation speed is slow. I have.

Therefore, a wide viewing angle liquid crystal display device having improved viewing angle dependency of a liquid crystal display device, and a high speed wide viewing angle liquid crystal display device having improved responsiveness as well as viewing angle dependency have been researched and developed.

A first conventional example is disclosed in, for example,
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. -160051, a voltage is applied to a comb-shaped electrode provided on a substrate to generate an electric field in a lateral direction with respect to the substrate. And a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display element driven in a simple plane. In the horizontal electric field method, since the major axis of the liquid crystal molecules is almost parallel to the substrate and the liquid crystal molecules do not rise, the change in brightness when the observation direction is changed is small. Therefore, the horizontal electric field method can obtain a display with a wider viewing angle than the vertical electric field method.

As a second conventional example, there is a vertical electric field type liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal having polarization.
A vertical electric field type liquid crystal display device using liquid crystal having polarization can obtain a display with a wide viewing angle because liquid crystal molecules operate in a plane parallel to the substrate, and since the liquid crystal has polarization, The ability to operate at high speed has been confirmed by AM LDC 97, Digest of Technical
パ ー -Paz (AM-LCD97, DIGEST OF
(TECHNICAL PAPERS) on page 113.

Further, as a third conventional example, there is a vertical electric field type liquid crystal display device using a nematic liquid crystal which operates in a time shorter than a frame period. As an example of this, for example, IDRC 97 (IDRC97)
As described on page L-66, OCB (Optical) using bend alignment of nematic liquid crystal.
ly Compensated Birefringe
nce) mode liquid crystal display device. The OCB mode liquid crystal display device is not only faster than the conventional TN type liquid crystal display device by one digit or more, but also can obtain a display with a wide viewing angle by using a biaxial retardation film in combination. it can.

[0007]

However, the above-described first prior art example of the in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device requires many comb-shaped electrodes to generate an electric field in the lateral direction with respect to the substrate. Since the comb-shaped electrode portion is opaque and cannot be used for display, the aperture ratio of the pixel portion is reduced, and the display becomes dark as compared with a vertical electric field type active matrix liquid crystal display device. Further, at the end of the comb-shaped electrode, a horizontal electric field is disturbed, and a uniform display cannot be obtained.

Further, in the second conventional example of a vertical electric field type liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal having polarization and an active element are combined, the direction of polarization must be changed when the direction of liquid crystal molecules is changed. In comparison with a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal having no polarization, more electric charges are required for driving. Generally, the polarization value of the liquid crystal in the pixel portion is larger than the amount of charge supplied by the active element during one selection period. For this reason, a technique of supplying necessary charges in several selection periods has been used. However, in this method, a predetermined display is obtained after several selection periods, so that high-speed screen switching cannot be performed.

Further, in a third conventional example, a vertical electric field type liquid crystal display element using an active element and a nematic liquid crystal which operates in a time equal to or shorter than a frame period, the movement of the liquid crystal after the selection period causes the liquid crystal capacitance to be reduced. The dielectric constant changes, and the pixel capacitance changes. As a result, the voltage of the liquid crystal capacitance changes within one frame period. For this reason, in order to obtain a predetermined display, it is necessary to supply charges by performing writing multiple times,
High-speed screen switching is not possible.

In view of the above problems, a first object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of realizing a uniform display with a bright and wide viewing angle.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a bright and wide viewing angle liquid crystal display device capable of realizing high-speed display by high-speed screen switching.

[0012]

In order to achieve the above object, a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a pair of transparent substrates arranged close to each other and opposed to each other. A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device provided with a liquid crystal layer into which a liquid crystal for controlling light transmittance is injected, wherein the illumination light transmitted through the liquid crystal display device among the pair of transparent substrates. A plurality of common electrodes and pixel electrodes for driving the liquid crystal are formed in a comb shape having a plurality of comb teeth on the light incident side surface of the transparent substrate on the side from which light is emitted, and An aperture is arranged in a matrix with the teeth alternately meshed in parallel with each other, and is further formed at a portion between the comb teeth of the common electrode and the comb teeth of the pixel electrode, through which the illumination light is transmitted. A collection for concentrating the illumination light on a region. Characterized in that use a microlens array is provided.

According to the liquid crystal display device configured as described above, the illuminating light incident on the liquid crystal display device is condensed on the opening region by the condensing microlens array and passes through the opening region. Therefore, the illumination light is prevented from being blocked by the common electrode, the pixel electrode, and the like.

Further, a plurality of signal electrode lines for transmitting a drive signal for driving the liquid crystal to the pixel electrode are provided on a light incident side surface of the transparent substrate on a side from which the illumination light is emitted;
A plurality of scanning electrode lines arranged orthogonally to the signal electrode lines are provided so as to constitute a plurality of pixels by surrounding each of the pixel electrodes and the common electrode arranged in the matrix. And an active element connected to each of the pixel electrodes, the signal electrode lines, and the scanning electrode lines, and for supplying the drive signal to the pixels selected by the signals of the scanning electrode lines, for each of the pixels. It is preferable to adopt a configuration provided.

Further, the diagonal opening diameter of the microlenses constituting the condensing microlens array is p, the size of each microlens in the length direction of the signal electrode line is X, and the size of the signal electrode line is X. When the number of the microlenses in one pixel in the length direction is N, and the size of the opening region in the length direction of the scanning electrode line is Y, Y ≧ (N−1) × √ (P ＾ 2-X ＾ 2), a portion of the opening region where the comb teeth of the common electrode and the comb teeth of the pixel electrode are parallel,
That is, it is possible to pass the illumination light in a portion where there is no disturbance of the horizontal electric field.

Further, in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, a liquid crystal for controlling the transmittance of illumination light transmitted through the pair of transparent substrates is provided between a pair of transparent substrates arranged close to and opposed to each other. A vertical electric field type liquid crystal display element provided with an injected liquid crystal layer, wherein light is incident on a transparent substrate of the pair of transparent substrates on which the illumination light transmitted through the liquid crystal display element is emitted. On the side surface, a plurality of pixel electrodes having a light-transmitting property and functioning as an opening region for transmitting the illumination light, and a plurality of auxiliary capacitors storing charges supplied to the pixel electrodes are arranged in a matrix. And a common electrode that has a light-transmitting property and generates an electric field between the pixel electrode and the liquid crystal to drive the liquid crystal, on a light emission side surface of the transparent substrate on which the illumination light is incident. The illumination light is further provided to the pixel electrode. A microlens array for focusing light for light provided further characterized in that the nematic liquid crystal to be driven by the following time LCD or frame driving period having polarization as the liquid crystal is used.

According to the liquid crystal display device configured as described above, the illumination light incident on the liquid crystal display device is condensed by the condensing microlens array on the pixel electrode, which is an opening region, and passes through the opening region. I do. Accordingly, the luminous flux of the illuminating light passing through the pixel electrode is reduced, so that the area of the pixel electrode can be reduced. As a result, the amount of charge required to change the direction of the liquid crystal can be reduced.

Further, a plurality of signal electrode lines for transmitting a drive signal for driving the liquid crystal to the pixel electrode are provided on the light incident side surface of the transparent substrate on the side from which the illumination light is emitted;
A plurality of scanning electrode lines arranged orthogonal to the signal electrode lines are provided so as to constitute a plurality of pixels by surrounding each of the pixel electrodes and the auxiliary capacitance arranged in the matrix. And an active element connected to each of the pixel electrodes, the signal electrode lines, and the scanning electrode lines, for supplying the driving signal to the pixels selected by the signals of the scanning electrode lines. It is preferable that

Further, the line width of the signal electrode line is Ls,
The line width of the scanning electrode line is La, the size of the microlens constituting the condensing microlens array in the length direction of the signal electrode line is X, and each of the microlenses in the length direction of the scanning electrode line. Is the size of Y, the number of the microlenses in one pixel in the length direction of the signal electrode line is Nx, and the number of the microlenses in one pixel in the length direction of the scanning electrode line is Nx. Ny, the distance between the scanning electrode lines is Px, and the distance between the signal electrode lines is Py, the following relationship is satisfied: Nx × X = Px + La Ny × Y = Py + Ls The use efficiency of illumination light is maximized.

Further, the liquid crystal having the polarization is a ferroelectric liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, a thresholdless antiferroelectric liquid crystal, a strain spiral ferroelectric liquid crystal, a twisted ferroelectric liquid crystal, or a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal. It is preferable to use a structure that is liquid crystal.

Further, it is preferable that the nematic liquid crystal driven in a time equal to or shorter than the frame driving cycle uses an OCB mode utilizing the bend alignment of the nematic liquid crystal.

Further, the condensing microlens array is provided on a light incident side surface of the transparent substrate on the side where the illumination light is incident, and has a plurality of microlenses having a positive focal length with respect to the illumination light. It is desirable to be constituted by.

Furthermore, each of the micro lenses may be a spherical lens or an aspheric lens.

Further, the aperture diameter of the micro lens is p,
The thickness of the transparent substrate on which the illumination light is incident is t1, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d, and the thickness of the microlens is L.
1. When the opening width of the opening area is a, the focal length f1 of the microlens is (p × (L1 + t1 + d) + a × L1) / (p + a) ≦ f1.
It is preferable to adopt a configuration formed so as to satisfy the relationship of ≦ (p × (L1 + t1 + d) + a × L1) / (pa).

Further, the microlens is formed so that the focal length f1 satisfies the relationship of f1 = L1 + t1 + d, so that the focal plane of the microlens and the surface on which each electrode is provided are different. Since they match, the opening width of the opening region can be minimized.

The aperture diameter of the micro lens is p,
The thickness of the transparent substrate on which the illumination light is incident is t1, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d, and the thickness of the microlens is L.
1. When the opening width of the opening region is a, the focal length f1 of the microlens is (p × (L1 + t1 + d) + a × L1) / (p + a) ≦ f1.
When it is within the range of ≦ t1 + d, the thickness t2 of the transparent substrate on the side from which the illumination light is emitted is formed so as to satisfy the relationship of t2 ≦ (p−a) × (L1 + t1 + d−f1) / a. With such a configuration, it is possible to prevent illumination light that has passed through one pixel from interfering with illumination light that has passed through an adjacent pixel, and display with high image quality can be performed. In addition, the display of each pixel can be made larger and the undisplayed area can be made smaller.

Further, the aperture diameter of the micro lens is p,
The thickness of the transparent substrate on which the illumination light is incident is t1, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d, and the thickness of the microlens is L.
1. Assuming that the opening width of the opening area is a, the focal length f1 of the microlens is t1 + d ≦ f1 ≦ (p × (L1 + t1 + d) + a × L1) /
(P−a), the thickness t2 of the transparent substrate on the side from which the illumination light is emitted is expressed as t2 ≦ (p + a) × (f1−L1−t1−d) / a. With such a structure that illumination light is satisfied, illumination light passing through one pixel is prevented from interfering with illumination light passing through an adjacent pixel, and high-quality display can be performed. In addition, the display of each pixel can be made larger and the undisplayed area can be made smaller.

The light-collecting microlens array is provided on a light-incident side surface of the transparent substrate on which the illuminating light is incident, and the light-incident side surface of the transparent substrate on a side from which the illuminating light is emitted. Between the common electrode and the pixel electrode,
It is preferable that a correction microlens array for correcting the illumination light deflected by the condensing microlens array into parallel light is provided.

Alternatively, the condensing microlens array is provided on the light incident side of the transparent substrate on the side where the illumination light is incident, and the light incident surface of the transparent substrate on the side where the illumination light is emitted is connected to the light incident surface of the transparent substrate. It is preferable that a correction microlens array for correcting the illumination light deflected by the condensing microlens array into parallel light is provided between the pixel electrode and the auxiliary capacitance. .

According to the above configuration, the illumination light condensed by the converging microlens array and passing through the opening area is converted into parallel light by the correcting microlens array. Therefore, the thickness of the transparent substrate on the side from which the illumination light is emitted is independent of the focal length of the microlenses of the microlens array for correction. Therefore, even when the thickness of the transparent substrate on the side from which the illumination light is emitted is not constant in the plane, a microlens array including microlenses having the same focal length can be used.

Further, the condensing microlens array is constituted by a plurality of microlenses having a positive focal length with respect to the illumination light, and the correction microlens array is provided with a positive or negative polarity with respect to the illumination light. It is preferable to be constituted by a plurality of microlenses having a focal length.

Further, it is preferable that the microlenses constituting the correcting microlens array are aspherical lenses.

Further, the thickness of the transparent substrate on the side where the illumination light is incident is t1, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d, the opening width of the opening area is a, and the microlenses constituting the condensing microlens array , The focal length of the microlens constituting the condensing microlens array is f1, the thickness of the microlens is L1, the focal length of the microlens constituting the correcting microlens array is f2, When the thickness of the microlens is L2, by satisfying the two relationships of a ≧ f2 / (f1−L1) × pf1 + f2 = L1 + L2 + t1 + d, the transmitted light quantity of the illumination light does not decrease, and the liquid crystal display element Can be made brighter, and the illumination light becomes parallel light.

Further, the thickness of the transparent substrate on the side where the illumination light is incident is t1, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d, the opening width of the opening area is a, and the microlens constituting the condensing microlens array Is the opening diameter of the lens, and the focal length of the microlens constituting the condensing microlens array is f.
1, the thickness of the microlens is L1, and the focal length of the microlens constituting the correction microlens array is f.
2. When the thickness of the microlens is L2, a configuration satisfying the two relations of a ≧ (f2 + L2) / (f1−L1) × pf1−f2 = L1 + L2 + t1 + d allows the transmitted light amount of the illumination light to be reduced. Without decreasing, the display of the liquid crystal display element can be brightened, and the illumination light becomes parallel light.

The light-collecting microlens array is provided on a light-emitting side of the transparent substrate on which the illumination light is incident, and the light-incident side of the transparent substrate on which the illumination light is emitted. Between the common electrode and the pixel electrode,
It is preferable that a correction microlens array for correcting the illumination light deflected by the condensing microlens array into parallel light is provided.

Alternatively, the condensing microlens array is provided on a light emitting side surface of the transparent substrate on the side where the illumination light is incident, and the light incident side surface of the transparent substrate on the side where the illumination light is emitted. It is preferable that a correction microlens array for correcting the illumination light deflected by the condensing microlens array into parallel light is provided between the pixel electrode and the auxiliary capacitance. .

According to the above arrangement, the illumination light transmitted through the transparent substrate on the side where the illumination light is incident, collected by the light-collecting microlens array, and passed through the opening area is transmitted by the correction microlens array. The light is converted into parallel light and passes through the transparent substrate on the side from which the illumination light is emitted. That is, the illumination light passes through both transparent substrates as parallel light. Therefore, the relationship between the thickness of both transparent substrates and the focal length of the microlenses of each microlens array becomes irrelevant. Therefore, even when the thickness of both transparent substrates is not constant in the plane, it is possible to use a microlens array including microlenses having the same focal length.

Further, the condensing microlens array is constituted by a plurality of microlenses having a positive focal length with respect to the illumination light, and the correction microlens array is positive or negative with respect to the illumination light. It is preferable to adopt a configuration including a plurality of microlenses having a focal length.

Further, it is preferable that the microlens forming the condensing microlens array and the microlens forming the correcting microlens array are aspherical lenses.

In addition, the opening width of the opening region is a, the opening diameter of the microlenses forming the condensing microlens array is p, and the focal length of the microlens forming the condensing microlens array is f1. When the thickness of the microlens is L1, the focal length of the microlens constituting the correction microlens array is f2, and the thickness of the microlens is L2, (f2−L2) / (f1−L1) × By adopting a configuration that satisfies the relationship of p ≦ a, the illumination light passes through the opening region.

Further, the microlens forming the condensing microlens array may be a spherical lens, and the microlens forming the correcting microlens array may be an aspheric lens.

Further, the condensing microlens array is flattened to reduce unevenness of the condensing microlens array due to irregular sizes of the microlenses constituting the condensing microlens array. The thickness of the microlens covered by the layer and constituting the condensing microlens array is L1, the radius of the microlens is r,
The refractive index of the microlens is n ', the thickness of the microlens constituting the correcting microlens array is L2,
The refractive index of the flattening layer is n, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d, and the distance of each micro lens from the lens optical axis is h. A = n ′ ＾ 2- (1-√ (1- (h / r) ＾ 2)) × n
In the case of 焦点 2, the focal length f1 of the microlenses constituting the condensing microlens array is f1 = (r × A + n × r × √A) / (n ′ {2-n}).
2) and the focal length f2 of the microlenses constituting the correction microlens array is f2 = d + L1 + L2−f1, and the aperture is located at the position where the illumination light is most converged by the condensing microlens array. With the structure in which the region is provided, the opening width of the opening region can be minimized.

Further, on the light emission side surface of the transparent substrate on the side from which the illumination light transmitted through the liquid crystal display element is emitted,
By providing the light scattering layer for scattering the illumination light, the illumination light transmitted through the liquid crystal display element is scattered and emitted, so that the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display element is widened.

[0044]

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a transparent bottom view of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the liquid crystal display element shown in FIG.

The liquid crystal display device 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is a lateral electric field type active matrix type liquid crystal display device. As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display element 1
The transparent light incident side transparent substrate 2 and the light emitting side transparent substrate 3 are disposed close to each other with the liquid crystal layer 4 interposed therebetween and opposed to each other. The liquid crystal layer 4 is configured by enclosing a liquid crystal 13 in a region surrounded by the transparent substrate 2 on the light incident side, the transparent substrate 3 on the light output side, and a sealing material (not shown).

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, on the light incident side surface of the light emitting side transparent substrate 3 (ie, the upper surface of the light emitting side transparent substrate 3 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3), Pixel region portions each including an electrode line 6, a scanning electrode line 7, and an active element 5 connected to the signal electrode line 6 and the scanning electrode line 7 are formed in a matrix. Furthermore, on the light incident side surface of the light emitting side transparent substrate 3, a comb shape is formed,
Pixel electrode 8 connected to active element 5 such as a transistor
And a common electrode 9 which is also formed in a comb shape and forms a horizontal electric field parallel to the plane of each of the substrates 2 and 3 between the pixel electrode 8 and the pixel electrode 8. The pixel electrode 8 and the common electrode 9 are formed of a material impermeable to visible light.

A plurality of microlenses 10a having a positive focal length with respect to illumination light 17 emitted from a light source such as a backlight (not shown) are provided on the light incident side surface of the light incident side transparent substrate 2. A configured microlens array 10 as a condensing microlens array is provided. The micro lens array 10 acts as a convex lens array having a positive focal length with respect to the illumination light 17, and the micro lens 10a includes, for example, a plurality of spherical lenses, a plurality of parabolic lenses, a hyperboloid lens, and an elliptic lens. And the like. The microlens array 10 is configured such that a plurality of microlenses are formed separately from the light incident side transparent substrate 2 and then these lenses are attached to the light incident side surface of the light incident side transparent substrate 2 or
Alternatively, it is formed by physically or chemically processing the surface of the light incident side surface of the light incident side transparent substrate 2.

One or more microlenses 10a are used for one pixel in order to prevent a decrease in the amount of transmitted light due to a decrease in aperture ratio due to the opaque pixel electrode 8 and the common electrode 9. In FIG. 1 to FIG.
An example in which a plurality of 0a are used for one pixel is shown. Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the micro lens 10 a is provided with one comb tooth of the pixel electrode 8 and the common electrode 9.
Are provided above a region (hereinafter, referred to as an “opening region”) sandwiched by one of the comb teeth. Further, the microlens array 10 is covered with a flattening layer 16 for reducing unevenness due to irregular sizes of the microlenses 10a.

As shown in FIG. 1, the light emitting side face of the light incident side transparent substrate 2 and the light emitting side face of the light emitting side transparent substrate 3 are provided with an alignment film 11 which has been subjected to an alignment treatment by rubbing or light irradiation. , 12 are formed. Further, a polarizing plate 14a is provided on the light incident side surface of the light incident side transparent substrate 2, and a polarizing plate 14b and a light scattering layer 15 are provided on the light emitting side surface of the light emitting side transparent substrate 3. The polarizing plate 14a may be provided on the light emitting side surface of the light incident side transparent substrate 2, and the polarizing plate 14b may be provided on the light emitting side transparent substrate 3.
May be provided on the light-incident side surface.

In the liquid crystal display device 1 configured as described above, the illumination light 17 incident on the liquid crystal display device 1 passes through the polarizing plate 14a, the microlens array 10, the light incident side transparent substrate 2 and the alignment film 11. Then, the light enters the liquid crystal layer 4.
At this time, the illumination light 17 is condensed near the opening region by the microlens array 10 and passes through the opening region. The illumination light 17 that has passed through the opening region is emitted from the liquid crystal display element 1 after passing through the alignment film 12, the light emitting side transparent substrate 3, the polarizing plate 14b, and the light scattering layer 15.

As described above, the illumination light 17 is condensed in the vicinity of the opening area by the microlens array 10 and passes through the opening area, so that the illumination light 17 passes through the active element 5, the signal electrode line 6, the scanning electrode line 7, Since the light is prevented from being blocked by the pixel electrode 8 or the common electrode 9, the amount of transmitted light of the illumination light 17 does not decrease, and the display of the liquid crystal display element 1 can be brightened. Thereby, the effective aperture ratio of the aperture region can be improved. Further, in the opening area, the pixel electrode 8
And the common electrode 9 are parallel to each other, and there is no disturbance of the lateral electric field as in the vicinity of the end of each of the electrodes 8 and 9. Can be.

Next, the relationship between the focal length of the microlens 10a and the thickness of the light incident side transparent substrate 2 and the light exit side transparent substrate 3 will be described.

The microlens 10a of the microlens array 10 in this embodiment has a focal length f1 of (p × (L1 + t1 + d) + a × L1) / (p + a) ≦ f1 ≦ (p × (L1 + t1 + d) + a × L1) / (P−a) is formed so as to fall within the range of Expression (1). Here, t1 is the thickness of the light incident side transparent substrate 2, and d is the liquid crystal layer 4 and the alignment film 1.
1, p is the opening diameter of the microlens 10a, L1 is the thickness of the microlens 10a, and a is the electrode surface (each electrode 8,
9 is the opening width of the opening region on the surface (where 9 is provided). When the liquid crystal display element 1 does not have the alignment film 11, d is the thickness of only the liquid crystal layer 4.

This equation (1) shows the condition for converging the illumination light 17 near the opening area. Therefore,
By satisfying the above expression (1), the illumination light 17 is condensed near the opening region by the microlens array 10 and passes through the opening region.
Since the light is prevented from being blocked by the signal electrode line 7, the pixel electrode 8, or the common electrode 9, the amount of transmitted light of the illumination light 17 is not reduced, and the display of the liquid crystal display element 1 can be brightened.

At this time, in particular, in the case of f1 = L1 + t1 + d (2), the focal plane of the microlens array 10 coincides with the electrode plane, and the aperture width a of the aperture area can be minimized.

Further, the focal plane of the microlens array 10 is in the transparent substrate 2 on the light incident side or on the liquid crystal layer 4. (p × (L1 + t1 + d) + a × L1) / (p + a) ≦ f1 ≦ t1 + d In the case of (3), it is preferable that the thickness t2 of the light-emitting side transparent substrate 3 is larger within the range of t2 ≦ (p−a) × (L1 + t1 + d−f1) / a (4) Thus, it is possible to prevent the illumination light 17 passing through one pixel from interfering with the illumination light 17 passing through the adjacent pixel, and to perform high-quality display. In addition, by adopting a configuration in which the thickness t2 of the light emitting side transparent substrate 3 takes a larger value within a range satisfying the expression (4), the display of each pixel can be further increased,
The undisplayed area can be reduced.

The focal plane of the microlens array 10 is located in the transparent substrate 3 on the light exit side. T1 + d ≦ f1 ≦ (p × (L1 + t1 + d) + a × L1) / (pa) (5) In this case, it is preferable that the thickness t2 of the light-emitting side transparent substrate 3 is larger within the range of t2 ≦ (p + a) × (f1-L1-t1-d) / a (6). As a result, similarly to the above, it is possible to prevent the illumination light 17 passing through one pixel from interfering with the illumination light 17 passing through an adjacent pixel, and to perform high-quality display. In addition, the light emitting side transparent substrate 3
Has a larger value in a range where the thickness t2 of the pixel satisfies the expression (6), the display of each pixel can be made larger, and the non-display area can be made smaller.

Further, of the opening area shown in FIG. 2, the scanning electrode line 7 in a portion where the comb tooth of the common electrode 9 and the comb tooth of the pixel electrode 8 are parallel, which is a region where a uniform horizontal electric field is generated. If the size Y in the length direction satisfies Y ≧ (N−1) × √ (p ＾ 2−X ＾ 2) (7), the comb teeth of the pixel electrode 8 and the comb of the common electrode 9 The illuminating light 17 can pass through a portion parallel to the teeth (that is, a portion that is not near the end of each comb tooth). Here, p is the diagonal opening diameter of the micro lens 10a, X is the size of the micro lens 10a in the length direction of the signal electrode line 6,
N is the number of microlenses 10a in one pixel in the length direction of the signal electrode line 6. Since the transverse electric field is not disturbed in a portion of the opening region where the comb teeth of the pixel electrode 8 and the comb teeth of the common electrode 9 are parallel to each other, the illumination light 17 is condensed and passed through this portion, so that the uniformity is obtained. The display can be obtained.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Here, the light incident side transparent substrate 22, the light emitting side transparent substrate 23, the liquid crystal layer 24, the active element 25, the signal electrode lines 26, and the scanning electrode lines (not shown) in the liquid crystal display element 21 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. , Pixel electrode 27, common electrode 28, alignment films 31, 3
2, liquid crystal 33, polarizing plates 34a and 34b and light scattering layer 3
5 is the same as that of the liquid crystal display element 1 shown in FIG. 1 and the like, and therefore detailed description is omitted, and only the configuration different from the above will be described below.

In the liquid crystal display element 21 of this embodiment, a first microlens array 29 as a condensing microlens array is provided on the light incident side surface of the light incident side transparent substrate 22, and the light emitting side transparent substrate is further provided. 23 on the light incident side,
A second micro lens array 30 as a correction micro lens array is provided.

The first micro lens array 29 is constituted by a plurality of micro lenses 29a having a positive focal length with respect to the illumination light 37, and functions as a convex lens array. The microlenses 29a of the first microlens array 29 are composed of, for example, spherical lenses or aspheric lenses such as parabolic lenses, hyperboloid lenses, and elliptical lenses. In the liquid crystal display element 21 of the present embodiment, when a spherical lens is used, the aberration increases. Therefore, it is preferable to use a parabolic lens, a hyperboloid lens, or an elliptical lens which is an aspheric lens. The first microlens array 29 may be formed by separately forming a plurality of microlenses separately from the light incident side transparent substrate 22 and then attaching these lenses to the light exit side surface of the light incident side transparent substrate 22, It is formed by physically or chemically processing the surface of the light incident side surface of the substrate 22. Further, these microlenses 29a are covered with a flattening layer 36a.

On the other hand, the second micro lens array 30
Is constituted by a plurality of microlenses 30a having a positive or negative focal length with respect to the illumination light 37.
Since the microlens 30a of the present embodiment has a positive focal length with respect to the illumination light 37, it acts as a convex lens array. The microlenses 30a of the second microlens array 30 are composed of, for example, aspheric lenses such as parabolic lenses, hyperboloid lenses, and elliptical lenses. The second microlens array 30 includes the light-emitting side transparent substrate 2
3 and a plurality of microlenses are separately formed, and then these lenses are attached to the light incident side surface of the light emitting side transparent substrate 23, or the surface of the light incident side surface of the light emitting side transparent substrate 23 is physically or chemically bonded. It is formed by processing. Further, these microlenses 30a are covered with a flattening layer 36b.

The liquid crystal display device 21 constructed as described above
Then, the illumination light 37 perpendicularly incident on the liquid crystal display element 21 is transmitted through the polarizing plate 34a, the first microlens array 29, the light incident side transparent substrate 22, and the alignment film 31, and is incident on the liquid crystal layer 24. Is done. At this time, the illumination light 37 is
The first microlens array 29 condenses light near an opening region (a region between one comb tooth of the pixel electrode 28 and one comb tooth of the common electrode 29) and passes through the opening region.

The illumination light 37 that has passed through the opening region passes through the alignment film 32, the second microlens array 30, the light-emitting side transparent substrate 23, the polarizing plate 34b, and the light scattering layer 35, and then passes through the liquid crystal display element 21. Is emitted. At this time, the illumination light 37 is corrected to parallel light when passing through the second microlens array 30.

Thus, the liquid crystal display element 2 of the present embodiment
1 has the effect of the liquid crystal display element 1 shown in FIG.
The relationship between the thickness of the light-emitting side transparent substrate 23 and the focal length of the microlenses 30a can be made irrelevant. Therefore, even when the thickness of the light emitting side transparent substrate 23 is not constant in the plane, the microlenses 30a having the same focal length
Can be used.

Next, the relationship between the focal length of the microlens 30a and the thickness of the light emitting side transparent substrate 23 will be described.

When the focal plane of the microlenses 29a of the first microlens array 29 is in the light incident side transparent substrate 22 or the liquid crystal layer 24, the focal length of the microlenses 30a of the second microlens array 30 f2
It is preferable that a ≧ f2 / (f1−L1) × p Formula (8) f1 + f2 = L1 + L2 + t1 + d Formula (9) is satisfied. Here, f1 is the micro lens 30a of the first micro lens array 29.
L1 is the thickness of the microlens 29a, L2 is the thickness of the microlens 30a, t1 is the thickness of the light incident side transparent substrate 22, and a is the aperture on the electrode surface (the surface on which the electrodes 27 and 28 are provided). The opening width of the region, p is the opening diameter of the micro lens 30a, and d is the liquid crystal layer 24 and the alignment film 31.
Is the thickness. When the liquid crystal display element 21 does not have the alignment film 31, d is the thickness of only the liquid crystal layer 24. By satisfying the above expression (8), the amount of transmitted light of the illumination light 37 does not decrease and the display of the liquid crystal display element 21 can be made bright. By satisfying the expression (9), the illumination light 37 becomes parallel light.

The focal plane of the microlenses 29a of the first microlens array 29 is
In the case of the following expression, a ≧ (f2 + L2) / (f1−L1) × p Equation (10) f1−f2 = L1 + L2 + t1 + d Equation (11) is preferably satisfied. As described above, by satisfying the expression (10), the amount of transmitted light of the illumination light 37 does not decrease and the display of the liquid crystal display element 21 can be made bright. By satisfying the expression (11), the illumination light 37 becomes parallel light.

(Third Embodiment) FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Here, in the liquid crystal display element 41 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the light incident side transparent substrate 42, the light emission side transparent substrate 43, the liquid crystal layer 44, the active element 45, the signal electrode lines 46, and the scanning electrode lines (not shown). , Pixel electrode 47, common electrode 48, alignment films 51, 5
2, liquid crystal 53, polarizing plates 54a and 54b and light scattering layer 5
5 is the same as that of the liquid crystal display element 21 shown in FIG.

In the liquid crystal display element 41 of this embodiment, the first microlens array 49 is provided on the light exit side of the light incident side transparent substrate 42, and the first micro lens array 49 is provided on the light entrance side of the light exit side transparent substrate 43. 2 micro lens array 50
Is provided. Each micro lens array 4
The configurations of the microlenses 9 and 50, the microlenses 49a and 50a, and the planarization layers 56a and 56b are the same as those of the liquid crystal display element 21 shown in FIG.

The liquid crystal display element 41 constructed as described above
Then, the illumination light 57 vertically incident on the liquid crystal display element 41 is transmitted through the polarizing plate 54a, the light incident side transparent substrate 42, the microlens array 49, and the alignment film 51, and is incident on the liquid crystal layer 44. At this time, the illumination light 57 is condensed by the microlens array 49 in the vicinity of the opening area (the area between one comb tooth of the pixel electrode 48 and one comb tooth of the common electrode 49), and the opening area is formed. pass.

The illumination light 57 that has passed through the opening area passes through the alignment film 52, the second microlens array 50, the light-emitting side transparent substrate 43, the polarizing plate 54b, and the light scattering layer 55, and then passes through the liquid crystal display element 41. Is emitted. The illumination light 57 is
When passing through the second microlens array 50, the light is deflected to linear light perpendicular to the liquid crystal display element 41. That is, in the liquid crystal display element 41 of the present embodiment, the illumination light 57 passing through the light incident side transparent substrate 42 and the light emission side transparent substrate 43 is parallel light.

Thus, the liquid crystal display element 4 of the present embodiment
1 has the effect of the liquid crystal display element 21 shown in FIG.
The relationship between the thickness of the light incident side transparent substrate 42 and the light emitting side transparent substrate 43 and the focal length of each microlens 49a, 50a can be made irrelevant. Therefore, even when the thicknesses of the light incident side transparent substrate 42 and the light emission side transparent substrate 43 are not constant in the plane, it is possible to use the micro lens arrays 49 and 50 including the micro lenses 49 a and 50 a having the same focal length. It becomes possible.

Next, the thickness of the transparent substrate 42 on the light incident side and the transparent substrate 43 on the light emitting side, etc., and the micro lenses 49a, 50a
The relationship with the focal length will be described.

As the micro lens 49a of the first micro lens array 49, an aspheric lens such as a parabolic lens, a hyperboloid lens, or an elliptical lens having a positive focal length f1 with respect to the incident direction of the illumination light 57 is used. An aspheric lens such as a parabolic lens, a hyperboloid lens, or an elliptical lens having a positive or negative focal length f2 with respect to the illumination light 57 is used as the microlens 50a of the second microlens array 50. If you do, the micro lens 4
9a and the thickness L2 of the micro lens 50a.
(F2−L2) + (f1−L1) = d (Equation (12)). Here, d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 44 and the alignment films 51 and 52. The liquid crystal display element 4
In the case where No. 1 does not have the alignment films 51 and 52,
d is the thickness of only the liquid crystal layer 44. Further, in order for the illumination light 57 to pass through the opening area, it is necessary that the following relationship be satisfied: (f2−L2) / (f1−L1) × p ≦ a (13) Here, p is the opening diameter of the micro lens 49a, and a is the electrode surface (each electrode 48,
49) is the opening width of the opening region on the surface (where 49 is provided).

A radius r having a positive focal length f 1 is used as the micro lens 49 a of the first micro lens array 49.
The second micro lens array 5
When a lens that corrects the lens aberration of the first microlens array 49 and converts the illumination light 57 into linear light is used as the zero microlens 50a, the distance between the microlenses 49a and 50a from the lens optical axis is reduced. For h
The focal length f1 is given by f1 = (r × A + n × r × √A) / (n ′ ＾ 2−n ＾ 2) (14) Here, n is the refractive index of the flattening layer 56a, n ′ is the refractive index of the microlens 49a, and A is: A = n ′ ＾ 2- (1-√ (1- (h / r) ＾ 2)) × n ＾ 2 Expression (15). Therefore, a microlens 50a of the second microlens array 50 having a focal length f2 of f2 = d + L1 + L2−f1... (16) is used, and an electrode surface is provided at a position where the illumination light 57 converges most. Thereby, the opening width a can be minimized.

(Fourth Embodiment) FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 7 is a transparent bottom view of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 6, and FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the liquid crystal display element shown in FIG.

The liquid crystal display device 61 of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 is a vertical electric field type active matrix type liquid crystal display element. Here, the liquid crystal display element 6 of the present embodiment
1. Light incident side transparent substrate 62 and light emitting side transparent substrate 6 in 1
3, liquid crystal layer 64, active element 65, signal electrode line 66, scanning electrode line 78, microlens array 70, alignment film 71,
The configurations of the polarizing plate 72, the polarizing plates 74a and 74b, the light scattering layer 75, and the flattening layer 76 are the same as those of the liquid crystal display element 1 shown in FIG. Will be described only.

In this embodiment, a common electrode 68 made of a transparent conductive film or the like is provided on the light emitting surface side of the light incident side transparent substrate 62, and a pixel electrode 67 made of the same transparent conductive film is formed on the light emitting side transparent substrate 63. Are provided on the light incident side surface of the light source. Further, on the light incident side surface of the light emitting side transparent substrate 63, an auxiliary capacitance 69 for accumulating electric charges to be supplied to the pixel electrode 67 is provided.
Is provided. As the liquid crystal 73 injected into the liquid crystal layer 64, a liquid crystal having polarization or a nematic liquid crystal that operates for a time shorter than a frame period is used.
In such a vertical electric field type liquid crystal display element 61, a voltage is applied between the common electrode 68 provided on the light incident side transparent substrate 62 and the pixel electrode 67 provided on the light emission side transparent substrate 63, The liquid crystal 73 is driven by generating an electric field in a direction perpendicular to the plane of both substrates 62 and 63.

The liquid crystal display element 61 constructed as described above
Then, the illumination light 77 incident on the liquid crystal display element 61 is transmitted through the polarizing plate 74a, the microlens array 70, the light incident side transparent substrate 62, the common electrode 68, and the alignment film 71, and is incident on the liquid crystal layer 64. At this time, the illumination light 77 is collected by the microlens array 70 near the opening region (that is, the pixel electrode 67). The illumination light 77 condensed in the vicinity of the opening region passes through the alignment film 72 and the pixel electrode 67, and further passes through the light-emitting side transparent substrate 63, the polarizing plate 74b, and the light scattering layer 75, and then passes through the liquid crystal display element 61. Is emitted.

As described above, in this embodiment, the light beam of the illumination light 67 near the pixel electrode 67 is narrowed by the microlens array 70, so that the area of the pixel electrode 67 can be reduced. As a result, the auxiliary capacity 6
9 and the area of the active element 65 can be increased. Therefore, the amount of charge required to change the direction of the polarized liquid crystal is reduced, and the amount of charge supplied and the amount of accumulated charge by the active element 65 are increased. Therefore, even when a liquid crystal with a large polarization is used, it is possible to drive by one writing, and high-quality display can be realized, and high-speed display by high-speed screen switching can be realized. . In addition, even when a nematic liquid crystal that operates in a time equal to or shorter than the frame period is used, it is possible to drive by one writing, and to realize high-quality display and high-speed display by high-speed screen switching. Can be realized.

The line width of the signal electrode line 66 is Ls, the line width of the scanning electrode line 78 is La, the number of microlenses 70a in the length direction of the signal electrode line 66 is Nx, and the length direction of the scanning electrode line 78 is Lx. The number of the microlenses 70a is Ny, the size of the microlenses 70a in the length direction of the signal electrode line 66 is X,
When the size of the microlens 70a in the length direction of the scanning electrode line 78 is Y, the distance between the scanning electrode lines 78 is Px, and the distance between the signal electrode lines 66 is Py, the following equation is obtained: Nx × X = Px + La 17) Ny × Y = Py + Ls When the expression (18) is satisfied, the utilization efficiency of the illumination light 77 can be maximized.

The liquid crystal having the above-mentioned polarization includes:
Ferroelectric liquid crystal, antiferroelectric liquid crystal, thresholdless antiferroelectric liquid crystal,
A strained helical ferroelectric liquid crystal, a twisted ferroelectric liquid crystal, or a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal can be used. Further, the liquid crystal display element may be an OCB mode liquid crystal display element using the above-described nematic liquid crystal bend alignment.

(Fifth Embodiment) FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Here, in the liquid crystal display element 81 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the light incident side transparent substrate 82, the light emission side transparent substrate 83, the liquid crystal layer 84, the active element 85, the signal electrode lines 86, and the scanning electrode lines (not shown). , Each micro lens array 89, 90, each micro lens 89a, 90a, alignment films 91, 92, polarizing plate 9
4a, 94b, light scattering layer 95 and flattening layers 96a, 9
6b is the same as that of the liquid crystal display element 21 shown in FIG. 4, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted. However, the micro lens 90a in the second micro lens array 90 of the present embodiment is the same as the micro lens 30a in the second micro lens array 30 of the liquid crystal display element 21 shown in FIG.
Indicates an example in which it is arranged in a state where it is turned upside down.

The respective configurations of the pixel electrode 87, the common electrode 88, the liquid crystal 93, and the storage capacitor 98 in the liquid crystal display element 81 of the present embodiment are the same as those of the liquid crystal display element 61 of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. Since it is the same, detailed description is omitted.

In the liquid crystal display element 81 of the present embodiment, similarly to the liquid crystal display element 21 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the illumination light 97 passing through the light emitting side transparent substrate 83 becomes parallel light, The relationship between the thickness of the light emitting side transparent substrate 83 and the focal length of the microlenses 90a can be made irrelevant. Therefore, even when the thickness of the light-emitting side transparent substrate 83 is not constant in the plane, it is possible to use the microlens array 90 including the microlenses 90a having the same focal length.

In addition, similarly to the liquid crystal display element 61 of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG.
Accordingly, the luminous flux of the illumination light 97 in the vicinity of the pixel electrode 87 is reduced, so that the area of the pixel electrode 87 can be reduced, and the areas of the auxiliary capacitance 98 and the active element 85 can be increased. Therefore, even when a liquid crystal with a large polarization is used, it is possible to drive by one writing, and high-quality display can be realized, and high-speed display by high-speed screen switching can be realized. . In addition, even when a nematic liquid crystal that operates in a time equal to or shorter than the frame period is used, it is possible to drive by one writing, and to realize high-quality display and high-speed display by high-speed screen switching. Can be realized.

When the liquid crystal display element 81 of this embodiment is applied to a projection type liquid crystal display and used, the light scattering layer 95 need not be provided.

(Sixth Embodiment) FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. Here, the light incident side transparent substrate 102 and the light emission side transparent substrate 10 in the liquid crystal display element 101 of the present embodiment shown in FIG.
3, liquid crystal layer 104, active element 105, signal electrode line 10
6, scanning electrode line (not shown), each micro lens array 1
09, 110, each micro lens 109a, 110a,
Each configuration of the alignment films 111 and 112, the polarizing plates 114a and 114b, the light scattering layer 115, and the flattening layers 116a and 116b is the same as that of the liquid crystal display element 41 shown in FIG. However, each of the microlenses 109a and 110a in each of the microlens arrays 109 and 110 of the present embodiment corresponds to the liquid crystal display element 4 shown in FIG.
1 shows an example in which the microlenses 49a and 50a in each of the microlens arrays 49 and 50 are disposed in a state where the microlenses are turned upside down.

The respective configurations of the pixel electrode 107, the common electrode 108, the liquid crystal 113, and the auxiliary capacitor 118 in the liquid crystal display element 101 of this embodiment are the same as those of the liquid crystal display element 61 of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. Since it is the same, detailed description is omitted.

In the liquid crystal display element 101 of the present embodiment, similarly to the liquid crystal display element 41 of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 5, illumination passing through the light incident side transparent substrate 102 and the light exit side transparent substrate 103. The light 117 becomes parallel light, and the relationship between the thickness of the light incident side transparent substrate 102 and the light emitting side transparent substrate 103 and the focal length of each microlens 109a, 110a can be made irrelevant. Therefore, even when the thicknesses of the light incident side transparent substrate 102 and the light exit side transparent substrate 103 are not constant in the plane, it is possible to use the micro lens arrays 49 and 50 including the micro lenses 49 a and 50 a having the same focal length. It becomes possible.

In addition, similarly to the liquid crystal display element 61 of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG.
9, the illumination light 107 near the pixel electrode 107
Of the pixel electrode 107, the area of the pixel electrode 107 can be reduced.
5 can be increased. Therefore, even when a liquid crystal with a large polarization is used, it is possible to drive by one writing, and high-quality display can be realized, and high-speed display by high-speed screen switching can be realized. . In addition, even when a nematic liquid crystal that operates in a time equal to or shorter than the frame period is used, it is possible to drive by one writing, and to realize high-quality display and high-speed display by high-speed screen switching. Can be realized.

When the liquid crystal display element 101 of this embodiment is applied to a projection type liquid crystal display device and used, the light scattering layer 115 need not be provided.

[0095]

As described above, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device of a horizontal electric field type in which a liquid crystal layer is provided between a pair of transparent substrates disposed close to and opposed to each other. A plurality of common electrodes and a plurality of pixel electrodes for driving the liquid crystal are formed in a comb shape having a plurality of comb teeth on the light incident side surface of the transparent substrate on the side from which the illumination light is emitted, and each of the electrodes has a The comb teeth are arranged in a matrix in a state where the comb teeth are alternately meshed in parallel with each other, and furthermore, the aperture area is formed in a portion interposed between the comb teeth of the common electrode and the comb teeth of the pixel electrode, and the opening area through which the illumination light is transmitted. Since the condensing microlens array for condensing the illumination light is provided in the vicinity, it is possible to prevent the illumination light from being blocked by each electrode, so that the display of the liquid crystal display element can be brightened.

The liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a vertical electric field type liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer is provided between a pair of transparent substrates disposed close to and opposed to each other. On the light incident side surface of the transparent substrate on the other side, a plurality of pixel electrodes that have a light transmitting property and function as an opening area for transmitting illumination light, and a plurality of Auxiliary capacitors are provided in a matrix, and on the light emission side surface of the transparent substrate on the side where the illumination light is incident, the storage substrate has translucency and generates an electric field between the pixel electrode and the liquid crystal to drive the liquid crystal. A common electrode is provided, and a condensing microlens array for condensing illumination light is provided in the vicinity of the pixel electrode, and further, the liquid crystal having the polarization is driven as a liquid crystal having polarization or a time shorter than a frame driving cycle. Nematic liquid crystal Therefore, a small pixel electrode functioning as an opening region can be provided, a large auxiliary capacitance can be provided, and driving can be performed by one writing, so that high-quality display can be realized. In addition, high-speed display can be realized by high-speed screen switching.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a transparent bottom view of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

7 is a transparent bottom view of the liquid crystal display element shown in FIG.

8 is a schematic perspective view of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing a fifth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a sixth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

[Description of Signs] 1,21,41,61,81,101 Liquid crystal display element 2,22,42,62,82,102 Light incident side transparent substrate 3,23,43,63,83,103 Light emission side transparent Substrates 4, 24, 44, 64, 84, 104 Liquid crystal layers 5, 25, 45, 65, 85, 105 Active elements 6, 26, 46, 66, 86, 106 Signal electrode lines 7, 78 Scanning electrode lines 8, 27 , 47, 67, 87, 107 Pixel electrode 9, 28, 48, 68, 88, 108 Common electrode 10, 70 Micro lens array 10a, 29a, 30a, 49a, 50a, 70a, 8
9a, 90a, 109a, 110a Micro lens 11, 12, 31, 32, 51, 52, 71, 72, 9
1, 92, 111, 112 Alignment film 13, 33, 53, 73, 93, 113 Liquid crystal 14a, 14b, 34a, 34b, 54a, 54b, 7
4a, 74b, 94a, 94b, 114a, 114b
Polarizing plate 15, 35, 55, 75, 95, 115 Light scattering layer 16, 36a, 36b, 56a, 56b, 76, 96
a, 96b, 116a, 116b Flattening layer 17, 37, 57, 77, 97, 117 Illumination light 29, 49, 89, 109 First micro lens array 30, 50, 90, 110 Second micro lens array 69 , 98,118 Auxiliary capacity

Claims (34)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal layer into which a liquid crystal for controlling the transmittance of illumination light transmitted through the pair of transparent substrates is provided between a pair of transparent substrates disposed close to and opposed to each other. A lateral electric field type liquid crystal display element, wherein the liquid crystal is disposed on a light incident side surface of the transparent substrate on the side from which the illumination light transmitted through the liquid crystal display element is emitted, of the pair of transparent substrates. A plurality of common electrodes and pixel electrodes for driving are both formed in a comb shape having a plurality of comb teeth, and are arranged in a matrix in a state where the comb teeth are alternately and parallelly engaged with each other. A converging microlens array for condensing the illumination light is provided in an opening region formed between the comb teeth of the common electrode and the comb teeth of the pixel electrode and transmitting the illumination light. Liquid crystal table characterized by being Element. 2. A plurality of signal electrode lines for transmitting a drive signal for driving the liquid crystal to the pixel electrode on a light incident side surface of the transparent substrate on a side from which the illumination light is emitted, and the signal electrode A plurality of scanning electrode lines arranged perpendicular to the line are provided so as to constitute a plurality of pixels by surrounding each of the pixel electrodes and the common electrode arranged in the matrix. In addition, an active element connected to each of the pixel electrodes, the signal electrode lines, and the scanning electrode lines, and for supplying the drive signal to the pixels selected by the signals of the scanning electrode lines is provided for each of the pixels. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1. 3. The diagonal opening diameter of the microlenses constituting the condensing microlens array is p, the size of each microlens in the length direction of the signal electrode line is X, and the length of the signal electrode line is 3. The number of the micro lenses in one pixel in the vertical direction is N,
The liquid crystal display element according to claim 2, wherein a relationship of Y ≧ (N−1) × √ (p ＾ 2−X ＾ 2) is satisfied, where Y is a size in a length direction of the scanning electrode line. 4. A liquid crystal layer in which a liquid crystal for controlling the transmittance of illumination light transmitted through the pair of transparent substrates is provided between a pair of transparent substrates disposed close to and opposed to each other. A vertical electric field type liquid crystal display element, wherein, of the pair of transparent substrates, a light transmitting side is provided on a light incident side surface of the transparent substrate on a side from which the illumination light transmitted through the liquid crystal display element is emitted. A plurality of pixel electrodes having an aperture region for transmitting the illumination light, and a plurality of auxiliary capacitors storing charges supplied to the pixel electrodes are provided in a matrix. A common electrode that has a light-transmitting property and generates an electric field between the pixel electrode and the liquid crystal to drive the liquid crystal is provided on a light emission side surface of the transparent substrate on which light is incident. Focusing microphone for focusing the illumination light A liquid crystal display device comprising: a lens array; and a liquid crystal having a polarization or a nematic liquid crystal driven for a time equal to or shorter than a frame driving cycle as the liquid crystal. 5. A plurality of signal electrode lines for transmitting a drive signal for driving the liquid crystal to the pixel electrode on a light incident side surface of the transparent substrate on a side from which the illumination light is emitted, and the signal electrode A plurality of scanning electrode lines arranged orthogonal to the line are provided so as to constitute a plurality of pixels by surrounding each of the pixel electrodes and the auxiliary capacitance arranged in the matrix. 5. The active device according to claim 4, further comprising: an active element connected to each of the pixel electrodes, the signal electrode lines, and the scanning electrode lines, for supplying the driving signal to the pixels selected by the signals of the scanning electrode lines. The liquid crystal display element as described in the above. 6. The line width of the signal electrode line is Ls, the line width of the scanning electrode line is La, and the size of the microlenses forming the condensing microlens array in the length direction of the signal electrode line is 6. X, the size of each of the microlenses in the length direction of the scanning electrode line is Y, the number of the microlenses in one pixel in the length direction of the signal electrode line is Nx, the length of the scanning electrode line The number of the microlenses in one pixel in the vertical direction is Ny,
6. The liquid crystal display according to claim 5, wherein, when a distance between the scanning electrode lines is Px and a distance between the signal electrode lines is Py, two relations of Nx × X = Px + La Ny × Y = Py + Ls are satisfied. element. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein the liquid crystal having the polarization is a ferroelectric liquid crystal. 8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein the liquid crystal having polarization is an antiferroelectric liquid crystal. 9. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein the liquid crystal having the polarization is a thresholdless antiferroelectric liquid crystal. 10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein the liquid crystal having polarization is a strained helical ferroelectric liquid crystal. 11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein the liquid crystal having polarization is a twisted ferroelectric liquid crystal. 12. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein the liquid crystal having the polarization is a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal. 13. The liquid crystal display according to claim 4, wherein the nematic liquid crystal driven in a time equal to or shorter than the frame driving cycle uses an OCB mode using a bend alignment of the nematic liquid crystal. element. 14. The light-collecting microlens array,
14. The illumination device according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of microlenses provided on a light incident side surface of the transparent substrate on which the illumination light is incident and having a positive focal length with respect to the illumination light. A liquid crystal display element according to the item. 15. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 14, wherein each of the micro lenses is a spherical lens. 16. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 14, wherein each of the micro lenses is an aspheric lens. 17. The aperture diameter of the microlens is p, the thickness of the transparent substrate on the side where the illumination light is incident is t1, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d, and the thickness of the microlens is L1,
Assuming that the opening width of the opening area is a, the microlens has a focal length f1 of (p × (L1 + t1 + d) + a × L1) / (p + a) ≦ f1.
15. The structure according to claim 14, wherein the relationship satisfies the relationship of ≦ (p × (L1 + t1 + d) + a × L1) / (pa).
7. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of items 6. 18. The microlens has a focal length f1.
18. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein f1 = L1 + t1 + d is satisfied. 19. The aperture diameter of the microlens is p, the thickness of the transparent substrate on which the illumination light is incident is t1, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d, and the thickness of the microlens is L1,
Assuming that the opening width of the opening area is a, the focal length f1 of the microlens is (p × (L1 + t1 + d) + a × L1) / (p + a) ≦ f1
When it is within the range of ≦ t1 + d, the thickness t2 of the transparent substrate on the side from which the illumination light is emitted is formed so as to satisfy the relationship of t2 ≦ (p−a) × (L1 + t1 + d−f1) / a. Claims 14 to 1
7. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of items 6. 20. The aperture diameter of the microlens is p, the thickness of the transparent substrate on which the illumination light is incident is t1, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d, and the thickness of the microlens is L1,
Assuming that the opening width of the opening region is a, the focal length f1 of the microlens is t1 + d ≦ f1 ≦ (p × (L1 + t1 + d) + a × L1) /
(P−a), the thickness t2 of the transparent substrate on the side from which the illumination light is emitted is expressed as t2 ≦ (p + a) × (f1−L1−t1−d) / a. 14. The method according to claim 14, which is formed so as to satisfy the condition.
7. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of items 6. 21. The light-collecting microlens array is provided on a light-incident side of the transparent substrate on which the illumination light is incident, and the light-incident side of the transparent substrate on the side from which the illumination light is emitted. The correction microlens array for correcting the illumination light deflected by the condensing microlens array into parallel light is provided between the common electrode and the pixel electrode. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1. 22. The light-collecting microlens array is provided on a light-incident side surface of the transparent substrate on which the illumination light is incident, and the light-incident side surface of the transparent substrate on the side from which the illumination light is emitted. 14. A correction microlens array for correcting the illumination light deflected by the condensing microlens array into parallel light is provided between the pixel electrode and the auxiliary capacitance. Any one
A liquid crystal display element according to the item. 23. The light-collecting micro-lens array includes a plurality of micro-lenses having a positive focal length with respect to the illumination light, and the correction micro-lens array is positive or negative with respect to the illumination light. 23. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 21, wherein the liquid crystal display device is constituted by a plurality of microlenses having a focal length. 24. The microlens constituting the correction microlens array is an aspheric lens.
3. The liquid crystal display device according to item 1. 25. A thickness of the transparent substrate on the side where the illumination light is incident, a thickness of the liquid crystal layer, a thickness of the liquid crystal layer, an opening width of the opening area, and a microlens constituting the condensing microlens array. Is the opening diameter of the lens, and the focal length of the microlens constituting the condensing microlens array is f.
1, the thickness of the microlens is L1, and the focal length of the microlens constituting the correction microlens array is f.
25. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 24, wherein, when the thickness of the microlens is L2, two relations of a≥f2 / (f1-L1) * pf1 + f2 = L1 + L2 + t1 + d are satisfied. 26. The thickness of the transparent substrate on the side where the illumination light is incident, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d, the opening width of the opening area is a, and the microlenses forming the condensing microlens array Is the opening diameter of the lens, and the focal length of the microlens constituting the condensing microlens array is f.
1, the thickness of the microlens is L1, and the focal length of the microlens constituting the correction microlens array is f.
25. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 24, wherein, when the thickness of the microlens is L2, the following two relationships are satisfied. 27. The light-collecting microlens array is provided on a light-emitting side of the transparent substrate on the side where the illumination light is incident, and the light-incident side of the transparent substrate on the side where the illumination light is emitted. The correction microlens array for correcting the illumination light deflected by the condensing microlens array into parallel light is provided between the common electrode and the pixel electrode. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1. 28. The light-collecting microlens array is provided on a light-emitting side of the transparent substrate on which the illumination light is incident, and the light-incident side of the transparent substrate on which the illumination light is emitted. 14. A correction microlens array for correcting the illumination light deflected by the condensing microlens array into parallel light is provided between the pixel electrode and the auxiliary capacitance. Any one
A liquid crystal display element according to the item. 29. The light-collecting micro-lens array includes a plurality of micro-lenses having a positive focal length with respect to the illumination light, and the correction micro-lens array is positive or negative with respect to the illumination light. 29. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 27, comprising a plurality of microlenses having a focal length. 30. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 29, wherein the microlens forming the light-collecting microlens array and the microlens forming the correction microlens array are aspherical lenses. 31. The opening width of the opening area is a, the opening diameter of the microlens forming the light collecting microlens array is p, the focal length of the microlens forming the light collecting microlens array is f1, When the thickness of the microlens is L1, the focal length of the microlenses constituting the correcting microlens array is f2, and the thickness of the microlens is L2, (f2−L2) / (f1−L1) × p 31. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 30, which satisfies the relationship of ≤a. 32. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 29, wherein the microlenses forming the condensing microlens array are spherical lenses, and the microlenses forming the correcting microlens array are aspheric lenses. 33. The light-collecting microlens array,
Covered by a flattening layer for reducing irregularities of the condensing microlens array due to irregular sizes of the microlenses constituting the condensing microlens array,
The thickness of the microlens constituting the condensing microlens array is L1, the radius of the microlens is r, the refractive index of the microlens is n ', and the thickness of the microlens constituting the correcting microlens array is L2. , The refractive index of the flattening layer is n, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d, and the distance of each of the microlenses from the lens optical axis is h, A = n ′ ＾ 2- (1-√ (1- (h / R) ＾ 2)) × n
In the case of 焦点 2, the focal length f1 of the microlenses constituting the condensing microlens array is f1 = (r × A + n × r × √A) / (n ′ {2-n}).
2) and the focal length f2 of the microlenses constituting the correcting microlens array is f2 = d + L1 + L2−f1, and the aperture is located at a position where the converging microlens array converges the illumination light most. 33. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 32, wherein a region is provided. 34. A light scattering layer for scattering the illumination light is provided on a light emission side surface of the transparent substrate on a side from which the illumination light transmitted through the liquid crystal display element is emitted. 34. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of 1 to 33.