JPH11184126A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor which shows stable and excellent potential characteristics in a high-temp. high-humidity environment, which can continuously form an excellent image of the initial stage and which shows good photomemory, and to provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic device having this electrophotographic photoreceptor. SOLUTION: This electrophotographic photoreceptor has an intermediate layer containing a resin having at least one kind of structure of polyamide acid structure and polyamide acid ester structure on a conductive base body, and a photosensitive layer thereon. The intermediate layer contains a metallocene compd. The process cartridge and the electrophotographic device have the electrophotographic photoreceptor above described.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and more particularly, to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having an intermediate layer containing a specific resin. The present invention relates to a process cartridge having an electrophotographic photosensitive member and an electrophotographic apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An electrophotographic photoreceptor usually has a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, but the photosensitive layer is generally a very thin layer. May become non-uniform. The tendency is that the current mainstream photosensitive layer is 0.5 μm
This is particularly remarkable in a so-called function-separated type photosensitive layer having a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer having extremely small thicknesses.

If the film thickness of the photosensitive layer is non-uniform, unevenness of potential and sensitivity will naturally occur, so the photosensitive layer must be formed as uniformly as possible.

[0004] An important characteristic required for an electrophotographic photosensitive member is stability of a light portion potential and a dark portion potential during repeated use.

[0005] If these potentials are not stable, the image density will not be stable or the image will fog.

Accordingly, a function of covering a defect on the surface of the support between the support and the photosensitive layer, improving the adhesion between the support and the photosensitive layer, and preventing injection of carriers from the support into the photosensitive layer. It has been proposed to provide an intermediate layer having

Conventionally, polymers used for the intermediate layer include polyamides (JP-A-48-47344 and JP-A-52-25638) and polyesters (JP-A-52-20836 and JP-A-54-20836). JP-A-26738), polyurethane (JP-A-53-89435 and JP-A-2-115858), and an acrylic polymer containing a quaternary ammonium salt (JP-A-51-12614).
No. 9) and casein (JP-A-55-103556) are known. It has also been proposed to use an organic zirconium compound such as a zirconium chelate compound or a zirconium alkoxide and a silane coupling agent (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-73962).

[0008]

However, in an electrophotographic photosensitive member using the above-mentioned material as an intermediate layer, the electric resistance of the intermediate layer changes in accordance with the change in temperature and humidity, so that it is stable in all environments. Therefore, it was difficult to produce an electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent potential characteristics and capable of forming an excellent image.

For example, under high temperature and high humidity where the electric resistance of the intermediate layer is apt to decrease, the dark area potential decreases. As a result, the image becomes thin in the normal development, and black spot-like defects (black spots) and fog occur in the image in the reversal development.

An intermediate layer using polyamic acid as a polymer has been proposed as an intermediate layer having little environmental fluctuation of the above characteristics. However, deterioration of photo memory (potential decay of a fluorescent lamp irradiated portion) has been observed. Can be

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to stably exhibit excellent potential characteristics in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, to continuously form excellent initial images, and to provide a good electrophotographic photosensitive memory. Is to provide the body.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the above electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[0013]

That is, the present invention provides an electronic device having an electroconductive support having an intermediate layer containing a resin having at least one of a polyamic acid structure and a polyamic acid ester structure on a conductive support. In photoreceptors,
An electrophotographic photoconductor, wherein the intermediate layer contains a metallocene compound.

Further, the present invention is a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the above electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[0015]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The term "metallocene" used herein refers to a metallocene composed of two or three cyclopentadiene rings and various transition metals. Transition metal (M) is Fe, T
i, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Mo, Ru, Lu,
In the case of Ta and W, it is represented by the following formula (6), and when the transition metal is Sc and Y, it is represented by the following formula (7).

[0016] Specific examples of the above-mentioned metallocene include ferrocene and nickelocene. The content of the metallocene compound is 0.1 to 5 with respect to all the constituent materials of the intermediate layer.
It is preferably 0% by weight, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 25% by weight.

[0017]

Embedded image The repeating unit of the polyamic acid structure of the resin used in the present invention, and the repeating unit of the polyamic acid ester structure include various types,
Among them, those represented by the following formulas (1), (2) or (3) are particularly preferred.

[0018]

Embedded image (In the formula, A ₁ represents a divalent organic group, and R _{1 to} R ₆ are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, and a cyano group. And R ₇ and R ₈ are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group.)

[0019]

Embedded image (In the formula, A ₂ represents a divalent organic group, and R _{9 to} R ₁₄ are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, and a cyano group. R ₁₅ and R ₁₆ are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, and X represents an oxygen atom, Or an unsubstituted alkylene group, carbonyl group and sulfonyl group.)

[0020]

Embedded image (Wherein A ₃ represents a divalent organic group, and R ₁₇ and R ₁₈ are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, and a cyano group. are shown, R ₁₉ and R ₂₀ the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group.) the a _1, a Examples of the divalent organic group of ₂ and A ₃ include various groups as described below, and among them, a group represented by the following formula (4) or (5) is particularly preferable.

-Ar _1- (4) (In the formula, Ar ₁ represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group.) -Ar ₂ -X-Ar _3- (5) (wherein, Ar ₂ and Ar ₃ are the same or different and represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group; X represents an oxygen atom; A sulfur atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a carbonyl group and a sulfonyl group are shown.) Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group of Ar ₁ , Ar ₂ and Ar ₃ include a phenylene group, a biphenylene group and a naphthylene group. Examples of the aromatic heterocyclic group include a pyridinediyl group and a thiophendiyl group, and examples of the alkylene group X include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, and an isopropylene group. I can do it. Examples of the substituent which these groups may have include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl and propyl; halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine; halomethyl groups such as trifluoromethyl; methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy. An alkylamino group such as dimethylamino and diethylamino; an acyl group such as acetyl and benzoyl; and a cyano group.

Preferred examples of the divalent organic group represented by A ₁ , A ₂ and A ₃ include, but are not limited to, the following.

[0023]

Embedded image

[0024]

Embedded image

Of these, the following are particularly preferred.

[0026]

Embedded image

Among them, the following are most preferred.

[0028]

Embedded image

In the formulas (1), (2) and (3), R
_{1 to} R ₆ , R _{9 to} R ₁₄ , R ₁₇ and R ₁₈ are hydrogen atoms;
A halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine; an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl and propyl; an alkoxy group such as methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy; and a cyano group. R _{1 to} R ₆ , R _{9 to} R ₁₄ , R ₁₇ and R ₁₈ may be the same or different, and may have a substituent such as a halogen atom.

In the formulas (1), (2) and (3), R
₇, R₈, R_Fifteen, R₁₆, R₁₉And R ₂₀Is a hydrogen atom;
Alkyl groups such as toluene, ethyl and propyl;
Alkoxyalkyl groups such as tyl;
Represents an aralkyl group. R₇, R ₈, R_Fifteen, R₁₆, R₁₉as well as
R₂₀May be the same or different, such as a halogen atom
May have a substituent.

In the formula (2), the alkylene group of X includes a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group and an isopropylene group, and the substituents which the alkylene group may have include fluorine, chlorine and Halogen atoms such as bromine; acyl groups such as acetyl and benzoyl; and cyano groups.

The number average molecular weight of the resin used in the present invention is preferably from 500 to 100,000, and particularly preferably from 5,000 to 50,000.

In the present invention, the amide portion of the polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester structure and the acid or acid ester portion may be dehydrated or de-alcoholized depending on the drying conditions in the drying step usually performed in the production of an electrophotographic photoreceptor. The reaction may form a polyimide structure.

In the present invention, the repeating unit having an amide acid structure and the repeating unit having an amide ester structure are preferably present in an amount of 20 to 80 mol%, more preferably 40 to 60 mol%, of the repeating units of the whole resin. Is preferred. Although the reason is not clear, the polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester structure prevents injection of holes from the conductive support, dissociates carriers generated by the action of the charge generating substance, and injects electrons into the intermediate layer. It is considered that the smooth packing and the dense packing of the polyimide structure facilitated the dissociation of the carrier, injection and movement of the electrons, and became less susceptible to moisture.

The following are preferred specific examples of the resin of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0036]

[Table 1]

[0037]

[Table 2]

[0038]

[Table 3]

[0039]

[Table 4]

[0040]

[Table 5]

[0041]

[Table 6]

The resin having a polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester structure used in the present invention is obtained by ring-opening a tetracarboxylic dianhydride or a dicarboxylic acid derivative obtained by half-esterifying this anhydride with a diamine in an organic polar solvent. It is synthesized by a polyaddition reaction. Examples of such organic polar solvents include amide solvents such as N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; phenol solvents such as cresol and chlorophenol; ether solvents such as diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; These mixtures and the like can be mentioned. Further, the reaction can be carried out by containing 5% or less of water in order to control the molecular weight of the resin. The reaction temperature is preferably from 20 to 120 ° C, particularly preferably 20 to 120 ° C.
It is preferable that it is -40 degreeC.

The molar ratio of the starting material diamine to the anhydride or the like is preferably 1: 1. When three or more starting materials are used, the total molar ratio of the diamine to the anhydride or the like is 1: 1.
If 1, each ratio can be arbitrarily determined.

Hereinafter, examples of the synthesis of the resin used in the present invention will be described. (Synthesis Example) 14.7 g of 4,4'-biphthalic anhydride while sending dry nitrogen gas to a 500 ml four-necked flask
(0.05 mol) and 160 g of N, N-dimethylacetamide were added. This is stirred vigorously at 25 ° C.,
4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether 1 over 2 minutes
0.0 g (0.05 mol) was added. When stirring was continued for 2 hours while supplying nitrogen, the reaction solution became a viscous pale yellow liquid. 160 g of N, N-dimethylacetamide was further added to the reaction solution to form a homogeneous solution, which was added dropwise to 5 liters of vigorously stirred methanol, and the precipitated polyamic acid was collected by filtration. This product was dissolved in 250 g of N, N-dimethylacetamide, insolubles were separated by filtration, and the filtrate was dropped into 5 liters of methanol to precipitate a polymer. The precipitated polymer was collected by filtration, dispersed and washed with 2 liters of methanol, dried, and dried. Polyamic acid of 3
3 g were obtained.

Other resins used in the present invention can be synthesized in the same manner as described above.

The thickness of the intermediate layer of the present invention can be appropriately set in consideration of electrophotographic characteristics, defects on the support, etc., and is preferably 0.1 to 50 μm, and particularly preferably 0 to 50 μm. It is preferably from 2 to 30 μm.

The photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention comprises a so-called single layer type in which a charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance are contained in the same layer, and a charge generating layer and a charge transporting substance containing a charge generating substance. It is roughly classified into a so-called laminated type having a charge transport layer. The laminated type is further classified into a type having a conductive support, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer in this order, and a type having a conductive support, a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer in this order. In the present invention, it is preferable to use a laminate type, particularly a type in which a charge transport layer is laminated on a charge generation layer.

The charge generation layer is made of an azo pigment such as monoazo, bisazo and trisazo; a phthalocyanine pigment such as metal phthalocyanine and non-metal phthalocyanine; an indigo pigment such as indigo and thioindigo; Pigments; perylene-based pigments such as perylene anhydride and perylene imide; squarylium-based dyes; pyrylium and thiapyrylium salts; and charge-generating substances such as triphenylmethane-based dyes in a suitable solvent with a binder resin such as polyvinyl acetal. , Polystyrene, polyester, polyvinyl acetate, methacrylic resin, acrylic resin,
It can be formed by applying and drying a solution dispersed in a resin such as polyvinylpyrrolidone and a cellulosic resin. The thickness of the charge generation layer is usually preferably 5 μm or less, particularly preferably 0.05 to 2 μm.

The charge transport layer is formed by applying a solution in which the following charge transport substance is dissolved to a solution of a resin that requires film forming properties,
It is formed by drying. Charge transport materials are broadly classified into electron transport materials and hole transport materials. Electron transporting materials include 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone,
Electron-accepting substances such as 4,5,7-tetranitrofluorenone, chloranil, and tetracyanoquinodimethane, and those obtained by polymerizing these substances. Examples of the hole transport material include polycyclic aromatic compounds such as pyrene and anthracene; carbazole, indole, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, pyrazole,
Heterocyclic compounds such as pyrazoline, thiadiazole and triazole; p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde-N,
Hydrazone-based compounds such as N-diphenylhydrazone and N, N-diphenylhydrazino-3-methylidene-9-ethylcarbazole; α-phenyl-4′-N, N-
Styryl compounds such as diaminostilbene and 5- [4- (di-p-tolylamino) benzylidene] -5H-dibenzo [a, d] dicycloheptene; benzidine compounds; triarylamine compounds; triphenylamine or these compounds (For example, poly-N-vinyl carbazole, polyvinyl anthracene, etc.) having a group consisting of Examples of the resin having a film forming property include polyester, polycarbonate, polymethacrylate, and polystyrene. The thickness of the charge transport layer is preferably from 3 to 40 μm, and particularly preferably from 5 to 30 μm.

In the case of a single layer type, it can be formed by applying and drying a solution in which the above-described charge generating substance and charge transporting substance are dispersed and dissolved in a binder resin. In the case of a single layer type, the thickness of the photosensitive layer is 3
To 40 μm, particularly 5 to 30 μm
It is preferred that

Further, in the present invention, an organic photoconductive polymer layer such as polyvinyl carbazole and polyvinyl anthracene, the above-mentioned charge generation material vapor deposition layer, selenium vapor deposition layer,
A selenium ether vapor-deposited layer, an amorphous silicon layer, and the like can also be used as the photosensitive layer.

The conductive support used in the present invention includes, for example, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, zinc, stainless steel, titanium, nickel, indium, gold and platinum. In addition, such metals and alloys,
Plastics (for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylic resin, etc.) formed as a film by a vacuum deposition method, or plastics such as those described above containing conductive particles (for example, carbon black and silver particles) together with a suitable binder resin. A support coated on a metal or alloy support or a support in which conductive particles are impregnated in plastic or paper can be used. Examples of the shape of the support include a drum shape, a sheet shape, and a belt shape, and it is preferable that the shape is most suitable for the applied electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Further, in the present invention, a resin layer or a resin layer containing conductive particles can be laminated on the photosensitive layer as a protective layer.

Examples of the method for applying the various layers described above include a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a beam coating method, a spinner coating method, a roller coating method, a Meyer bar coating method and a blade coating method.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, which is driven to rotate around a shaft 2 at a predetermined peripheral speed in a direction indicated by an arrow. The photoreceptor 1 rotates during the rotation process.
The peripheral surface is uniformly charged with a predetermined positive or negative potential by the primary charging means 3, and then receives image exposure light 4 from an image exposure means (not shown) such as slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure. Thus, an electrostatic latent image is sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor 1.

The formed electrostatic latent image is then developed by developing means 5
The toner-developed image developed by the toner image is transferred from a paper supply unit (not shown) between the photoconductor 1 and the transfer unit 6 in synchronization with the rotation of the photoconductor 1 and fed to a transfer material 7 fed therefrom. The image is sequentially transferred by the transfer unit 6.

The transfer material 7 having undergone the image transfer is separated from the surface of the photoreceptor, introduced into the image fixing means 8 and subjected to image fixing to be printed out as a copy out of the apparatus.

The surface of the photoreceptor 1 after the image transfer is cleaned and cleaned by removing the untransferred toner by the cleaning means 9, and furthermore, a pre-exposure light 10 from a pre-exposure means (not shown).
Is used for image formation repeatedly after the charge removal processing. When the primary charging unit 3 is a contact charging unit using a charging roller or the like, the pre-exposure is not necessarily required.

In the present invention, of the above-mentioned components such as the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, the primary charging means 3, the developing means 5 and the cleaning means 9, a plurality of components are integrally connected as a process cartridge. The process cartridge may be configured to be detachable from a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer. For example, at least one of the primary charging unit 3, the developing unit 5, and the cleaning unit 9 is integrally supported together with the photoreceptor 1 to form a cartridge, which can be attached to and detached from the apparatus main body using a guide unit such as a rail 12 of the apparatus main body. Process cartridge 1
It can be 1.

When the electrophotographic apparatus is a copier or a printer, the image exposure light 4 is read and transmitted from the original, or the original is read by a sensor and converted into a signal, and the exposure is performed according to the signal. Laser beam scanning,
Light emitted by driving the LED array, driving the liquid crystal shutter array, and the like.

The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention can be used not only for an electrophotographic copying machine but also for a laser beam printer,
It can be widely used in electrophotographic applications such as RT printers, LED printers, liquid crystal printers, and laser plate making.

[0063]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. Example 1 Exemplified Compound No. A solution obtained by dissolving 5 parts (parts by weight, hereinafter the same) of a polyamic acid resin having a repeating unit of 3 (average molecular weight 10,000) and 0.5 part of ferrocene in 95 parts of dimethylformamide is dip-coated on an aluminum cylinder. Apply by method
After leaving the mixture at room temperature for 90 minutes, it was dried at 90 ° C. for 60 minutes to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm.

Next, the following equation

[0065]

Embedded image Was added to a solution of 2 parts of polyvinyl butyral (BX-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) in 34 parts of cyclohexanone, and dispersed by a sand mill for 8 hours, and then 60 parts of tetrahydrofuran Was further added and diluted to obtain a solution for a charge generation layer. This solution was applied on the intermediate layer by a dip coating method, and dried to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.2 μm.

Then, the following equation

[0067]

Embedded image 5 parts of a triarylamine and a polycarbonate resin (Iupilon Z-200, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.)
5 parts dissolved in 40 parts of monochlorobenzene,
A charge transport layer having a thickness of 15 μm was formed on the charge generating layer by dip coating and drying for 30 minutes.

The obtained electrophotographic photoreceptor was charged-exposed-
Attached to a laser beam printer of the reversal development system that performs the development-transfer-cleaning process in a cycle of 15 seconds, and performs a continuous 5,000-sheet image output durability test in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment (30 ° C., 85% RH). went. The evaluation was performed by measuring the dark portion potential (V _D ) at the initial stage, measuring the bright portion potential (V _L ) at the initial stage and after the durability test, and visually evaluating the obtained image. Table 1 shows the results.

(Examples 2 to 6) In place of the polyamic acid resin having the repeating unit of No. 3, Exemplified Compound No. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyamic acid resin having 4, 10, 14, 18, and 22 repeating units was used.
Table 1 shows the results.

Example 7 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that nickelocene was used instead of ferrocene. Table 1 shows the results.

(Comparative Example 1) Instead of a polyamic acid resin, alcohol-soluble copolymerized nylon (Amilan CM-80) was used.
An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that methanol was used instead of dimethylformamide. Table 1 shows the results.

[0072]

Examples 8 to 14 The electrophotographic photosensitive members produced in Examples 1 to 7 were partially (non-fluorescent) using a fluorescent lamp (trade name: FVL18 white lamp, manufactured by Matsushita Electric Co., Ltd.). (Light-irradiated part is shielded.) Irradiation was performed at an illuminance of 1500 lux for 5 minutes and left at room temperature for 5 minutes. Then, the potential difference between the non-light-irradiated part and the light-irradiated part in the light part potential was measured by the laser beam printer described in Example 1. .

(Photo memory = | potential of non-light irradiated portion−
Table 2 shows the results.

Comparative Example 2 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that ferrocene was not added.
The same evaluation as in Examples 8 to 14 was performed.

Table 2 shows the results.

[0077]

[0078]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having high environmental resistance and capable of satisfying the improvement of a photo memory at the same time, and a pyroces cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the same. did.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

Claims (19)

[Claims] 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support via an intermediate layer containing a resin having at least one of a polyamic acid structure and a polyamic acid ester structure, wherein the intermediate layer is a metallocene An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a compound. 2. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1, wherein the content of the metallocene compound is 0.1 to 50% by weight based on all the constituent materials of the intermediate layer. 3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 2, wherein the content of the metallocene compound is 0.1 to 25% by weight based on all the constituent materials of the intermediate layer. 4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the metallocene compound is ferrocene or nickelocene. 5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein said metallocene compound is ferrocene. 6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the resin has a repeating unit having an amide acid structure or a repeating unit having an amide ester structure represented by the following formula (1), (2) or (3). body. Embedded image (In the formula, A ₁ represents a divalent organic group, and R _{1 to} R ₆ are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, and a cyano group. Wherein R ₇ and R ₈ are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group. (In the formula, A ₂ represents a divalent organic group, and R _{9 to} R ₁₄ are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, and a cyano group. R ₁₅ and R ₁₆ are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, and X represents an oxygen atom, Or an unsubstituted alkylene group, carbonyl group and sulfonyl group.) (Wherein A ₃ represents a divalent organic group, and R ₁₇ and R ₁₈ are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, and a cyano group. And R ₁₉ and R ₂₀ are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group.) 7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the resin has a repeating unit having an amide acid structure represented by the formula (1) or a repeating unit having an amide ester structure. 8. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the resin has a repeating unit having an amide acid structure represented by the formula (2) or a repeating unit having an amide ester structure. 9. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the resin has a repeating unit having an amide acid structure represented by the formula (3) or a repeating unit having an amide ester structure. 10. The method according to claim 10, wherein A ₁ is a group represented by the following formula (4) or (5) -Ar _1- (4): wherein Ar ₁ is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group. Represents an aromatic heterocyclic group.) —Ar ₂ —Y—Ar ₃ — (5) (wherein, Ar ₂ and Ar ₃ are the same or different, and each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 7, wherein a substituted aromatic heterocyclic group is represented, and Y represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a carbonyl group and a sulfonyl group. 11. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 7, wherein A ₁ is represented by the formula (5). 12. The above-mentioned A ₂ is represented by the following formula (4) or (5) -Ar _1- (4) (wherein, Ar ₁ is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group. Represents an aromatic heterocyclic group.) —Ar ₂ —Y—Ar ₃ — (5) (wherein, Ar ₂ and Ar ₃ are the same or different, and each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 8, wherein a substituted aromatic heterocyclic group is represented, and Y represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a carbonyl group and a sulfonyl group. 13. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 8, wherein said A ₂ is represented by the formula (5). 14. The above A ₃ is represented by the following formula (4) or (5) -Ar _1- (4) (wherein, Ar ₁ is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group. Represents an aromatic heterocyclic group.) —Ar ₂ —Y—Ar ₃ — (5) (wherein, Ar ₂ and Ar ₃ are the same or different, and each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 9, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is a substituted aromatic heterocyclic group, and Y is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a carbonyl group or a sulfonyl group. 15. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 9, wherein said A ₃ is represented by the formula (5). 16. The resin according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the repeating unit having an amide acid structure and the repeating unit having an amide ester structure in the resin is 20 to 80 mol% based on all the repeating units of the resin. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the above. 17. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 16, wherein said ratio is 40 to 60 mol%. 18. An electrophotographic apparatus, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 and at least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a developing unit and a cleaning unit are integrally supported. A process cartridge which is detachable from a main body. 19. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising: the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1; a charging unit; an image exposing unit; a developing unit; and a transfer unit.