JPH11182940A - Heating/lighting apparatus using condensed/transmitted solar light - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heating/lighting apparatus using solar light which is, of good reflection and usage efficiency of solar light and heat, utilized indoor and changed to electric power when solar light is weak. SOLUTION: The solar light condensed with a condensing device 8 which is, comprising a paraboloid reflection pipe 12 and a conical surface reflection pipe 13, faced to the sun by a direction controlling device 15 and transferred through a photodetecting side light/transmission channel 16 is adjusted for splitting with a light quantity split control valve 17, which is projected on a fin t a lower surface of a black light-absorber 5 from a heater light-projecting nozzle 19 through a heater light-transmission channel 18 to heat a heating plate 4 over it. It is projected on a scattering reflector 28 from a lighting light- projection nozzle 26 through a lighting light-transmission channel 25, for scattering and lighting. It is projected to an inside surface of a black light absorbing pipe 35 in a heat-insulating water tank 34 from a tank light projection nozzle 33 through a water tank light-transmission channel 32 for heating water, and when solar light is weak, energization is controlled by a photo-switch 43, etc., to switch to an electric heater 37 or an electric lighting apparatus.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[Summary of the Invention] The present invention provides a heater by irradiating the lower surface of a light absorber provided in close contact with the center of the lower surface of a heating plate using sunlight that has been condensed and transmitted. Or illuminate a diffuser in a space surrounded by a reflector for illumination and a lens to scatter light to form a solar lamp, or a light absorbing tube installed in a warm water tank away from the wall surface. Is a water heater, and when the sunlight is weak, the photo switch is energized by a photo switch so that the heating operation and the lighting can be continued.

[Conventional Photothermal Appliances Using Sunlight] A conventional heater using solar light reflects sunlight with a bowl-shaped reflector having a parabolic inner surface, and is located near the focal point of the paraboloid. It was to collect sunlight and heat the bottom of a pot and the like installed there. In addition, the conventional lighting method using sunlight was like a lighting window or a skylight. Further, a conventional water heater using sunlight for hot water supply is a plate-like one having a pipe filled with water and installed outdoors where sunlight is directly applied.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] A conventional heater using sunlight uses a reflector having a parabolic inner surface and having a shape near the bottom of a bowl. Therefore, the direct sunlight was reflected in the direction opposite to the traveling direction. Since the angle of incidence on the reflecting surface was small, the energy loss at the reflecting surface was large. In addition, since the focal point is on the path of direct sunlight, if a pot or pan support is provided at this point, the direct sunlight that is going to be used will be blocked, and the bottom of the pot will be heated. Needed a rather large bowl-shaped reflector. Because of such a structure, it can be used only outdoors where the sun is well exposed, so that a large amount of heat is radiated from the vicinity of the heating part by ventilation, and the heat utilization rate is poor. Also, it could not be used when the sunlight was weak. For this reason, it could not be used as a cooking heater in a general household kitchen. Since the conventional lighting method using sunlight was like a window or a skylight, it could not be used in a room where a window could not be taken or a room that was concealed. The room became darker if the room area was larger than the window area, or if the sunlight entering the room was weakened by the surrounding environment.
Also, if the sunlight entering the room was too strong, dimming was difficult, so it was hot or dazzling, so there was no choice but to shade and the room became dark. Skylights were difficult to use in construction, as it was difficult to control light, remove rainwater, and prevent storms. So even when the weather was fine and the outdoors were very bright, the lights were turned on by electricity. Conventional water heaters that use sunlight for hot water supply are heavy because they are wrapped around pipes containing water, and there is a concern about the burden on the installation location. In addition, water leaked from the tube containing water, and the inside of the tube containing water could not be cleaned, making it difficult to drink. Further, even if heat was accumulated, heat was radiated from the light receiving surface when sunlight did not shine. Due to these drawbacks, the solar light and heat reflection efficiency and use efficiency are good, so that it can be used indoors, and even when the sunlight is weak, heating work and lighting can be continued, There has been a long-awaited demand for heaters and lamps using sunlight, and solar water heaters that can clean the inside and are clean and have good heat retention.

[Means for Solving the Problems]
It is a photothermal appliance using sunlight that has been devised to solve this. The photothermal device of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a heat-resistant tube having an appropriate height is used as a support tube 1 to receive spills on the support tube 1. A heat-resistant tray 2 is provided, and a circular or square opening is cut out in the center of the tray 2. A heat-resistant, heat-insulating circular or square heat-insulating ring 3 is provided on the upper surface around the central opening of the tray 2, and a heat-resistant, heat-conductive heating plate 4 is provided thereon. A black light absorber 5 having heat resistance, good light and heat absorptivity, good thermal conductivity, and a deep cut-out fold at the lower surface is provided closely at the center.
A bowl-shaped, box-shaped or other heat-resistant heater reflector 20 having an inner surface that reflects light is provided so as to contact the lower surface around the central opening of the tray 2. On the wall of the heater reflector 20,
Drill holes as many as the number of nozzles used, heat-resistant thin tube or transparent body or lens provided in it,
One or more heater emitting nozzles 19 are provided through the holes. The central axis of the heater emitting nozzle 19 is directed toward the center of the lower surface of the light absorber 5 or around the fold, and is adjusted so as to be parallel to the plane perpendicular to the ridgeline of the fold and oblique to the plane of the fold. The light emitting nozzle 19 for the heater is connected to the light transmitting path 18 for the heat resistant heater, and the light transmitting path 18 for the heater is
Either pass under the lower end of the support cylinder 1 or make a hole or cut in the side surface of the support cylinder 1. A heat-resistant heat-shielding plate support 22 is provided at some position near the lower end of the support cylinder 1, and the heat-resistant heat-shielding plate 21 is supported therebelow by the heater reflector 20. In some places on the lower surface of the lower end of the support tube 1, short legs or convex portions 23 having heat resistance are provided. Support tube 1 above
From the light absorber 5 to the light transmitting path 18 for the heater to the short foot or the convex portion 23, and the like, and the indoor solar heater 2
4 is assumed. A heat-resistant branching control valve 17 and a light-receiving side light-transmitting path 16 are connected to a heater light-transmitting path 18 in that order. The smaller-diameter end of a conical-surface reflecting tube 13 that reflects light in the form of a frustoconical side surface is connected to the entrance of the light-receiving-side light-transmitting path 16. The tube diameter and the inclination of the surface of the larger diameter end of the conical surface reflection tube 13, the diameter of the smaller diameter end of the parabolic reflection tube 12 whose inner surface reflects light with a paraboloid, and The inclination of the surface,
In the same manner, they are connected to form a light collecting device 8. The shape and size of the parabolic reflector tube 12 and the conical reflector tube 13 are such that, as shown in FIG. 3, all light reflected parallel to their axes is incident on the entrance of the light receiving side light transmission path 16. Further, it is possible to proceed with total reflection in the light receiving side light transmission path 16. At the end of the larger diameter of the parabolic reflector tube 12, a short cylinder having the same diameter as that of the tube is provided, and
Then, a transparent film or a transparent plate is provided on the light receiving window 6. A direction control device 15 that directs the light receiving window 6 toward the sun is provided at the base of the light collecting device support 14 that supports the light collecting device 8. The light quantity branching control valve 17 is connected to some heat-resistant lighting light transmission paths 25 and some heat-resistant water tank light transmission paths 32. An illumination light emitting nozzle 26 similar to the heater light emitting nozzle 19 is connected to the illumination light transmission path 25, and is provided by passing a heat-resistant inner surface through a hole formed in the bottom of a bowl-shaped illumination reflector 27. In the vicinity of the exit of the illumination light emitting nozzle 26, a heat-resistant light scattering reflector 28 is provided with the center axis aligned with the tip facing the exit side. As shown in FIG. 5, the shape of the light scattering reflector 28 is such that, on a cross-sectional view taken along a plane including the axis, a curve indicating the reflecting surface is a part of two parabolas symmetrical to the axis. become,
The light reflected from the light parallel to the axis is scattered at various angles. A heat-resistant transparent or translucent illumination lens 30 is provided at the opening of the illumination reflector 27, and the sunlight lamp 31 is collectively formed from the illumination light transmission path 25 to the illumination lens 30. A water tank emission nozzle 33 similar to the heater emission nozzle 19 is connected to the water tank light transmission path 32,
It is provided through a hole formed in the wall of the heat-resistant heat retaining water tank 34. The tip of the water tank emitting nozzle 33 is directed toward the inner surface of the light absorbing tube 35 whose inner surface provided in the heat insulating water tank 34 is separated from the wall surface. The solar water heater 36 is used. An electric heater 37 is provided around the heating plate 4 so as to be slightly away from the heating plate 4 so that the upper surface thereof is almost as high as the upper surface of the heating plate 4. The heater inner wire 38 is connected to the electric heater 37. A heat-insulating and heat-insulating electric insulating ring 39 is fitted into the hole or notch formed in the receiving pan 2, and the electric wire 38 inside the heater is passed through the electric insulating ring 39. The heater side electric cord 40 is connected to the heater inner wire 38. A heat-resistant and heat-insulating electric insulating ring 39 is fitted into the hole or cut formed in the support cylinder 1, and the heater-side electric cord 40 is passed through the electric insulating ring 39. An electric switch 41 for a heater, an electric cord 42 for a power source, and a photo switch 4
3 are connected in that order. The electric switch 41 for the heater and the electric switch 44 for the electric lighting fixture are provided with the light amount branching control valve 1.
In conjunction with 7, the light amount branching control valve 17 is adjusted so as to transmit light to the indoor solar heater 24 and the solar lamp 31, and at the same time, those switches are turned on. The present invention is a photothermal appliance configured as described above and using sunlight condensed and transmitted through a light transmission path.

[Usage Method] Since the present invention is configured as described above, in order to use the present invention, first, the direct sunlight 47 passes through the light receiving and condensing device portion from the light receiving window 6 to the direction control device 15. Install it in a well-known place. The indoor solar heater 24 is installed in a heating room such as a kitchen. The solar lamp 31 is mounted inside an electric lighting fixture case provided indoors. The indoor solar water heater 36 is installed in a room near a place where hot water is used. The light condensing device 8 is connected to the light receiving side light transmitting path 1
6, the light-receiving side light-transmitting path 16, the heater light-transmitting path 18,
The illumination light transmission path 25 and the water tank light transmission path 32 are connected to the light quantity branching control valve 17. Second, the photo switch 43 is connected to a power supply, and the electric lighting equipment is also connected to a power supply via an electric lighting equipment electric switch 44 and a photo switch that are linked to the light amount branching control valve 17. These photo switches may be shared or may be separated depending on the electric capacity and the use condition. Third, the direction control device 15 is operated so that the surface of the light receiving window 6 is adjusted to be perpendicular to the direct sunlight 47. The direct sunlight 47 taken in from the light receiving window 6 is collected by the light collecting device 8. Fourth, by adjusting the light amount branching control valve 17, all the condensed and transmitted sunlight 48 is once transmitted from the water tank light transmission path 32 to the warm water tank 34, and the light absorbing tube 3 therein is transmitted.
Irradiate 5 and heat to warm the water. Fifth, when the heater is used, the light amount branching control valve 17 is adjusted so that an appropriate amount of sunlight is directed from the light transmitting path 18 for the heater and the light emitting nozzle 19 for the heater toward the lower surface of the light absorber 5 so as to be folded. Irradiate parallel to the plane perpendicular to the ridgeline and obliquely to the fold surface.
The heat absorbed by the light absorber 5 is transmitted to the heating plate 4 and heats it to a high temperature. If a pot, a kettle or the like is placed on the heating plate 4, the boiled food and water therein can be heated. The heating temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the light amount branching control valve 17. Since the electric switch 41 for the heater is turned on in conjunction with the light quantity branching control valve 17, the direct sunlight 47
Becomes weaker, the photo switch 43 is immediately activated and energized, and the heating operation can be continued. When the sunlight lamp 31 is used, the light quantity branching control valve 17 is adjusted so that an appropriate amount of sunlight passes through the illumination light transmission path 25. When the light is emitted from the illumination light emitting nozzle 26 to the light scattering reflector 28, the collected sunlight is scattered and illuminates the room through the illumination lens 30. Since the electric switch 44 for electric lighting equipment is turned on in conjunction with the light quantity branching control valve 17, when the direct sunlight 47 becomes weak, the photo switch is immediately activated and energized to continue lighting. Sixth, indoor solar heater 2
When neither 4 nor the solar lamp 31 is used, or when there is excess light even when it is used, the light quantity branching control valve 17 is adjusted to send the excess sunlight from the water tank light transmission path 32 to the warm water tank 34. Warm the water and get hot water. Even if the direct sunlight 47 becomes weak, warm water kept warm can be used.

[Various Embodiments of the Invention] Each part of the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail, and various embodiments will be described. (A. Regarding Light Absorber 5) (A-1) If the shape of the light absorber 5 is formed such that the lower surface has a deeply dug fold at a small interval, the light received in the fold is Reflected repeatedly between the folds, it gradually absorbs the heat as it progresses toward the back of the folds, does not go out easily, absorbs light efficiently and heats It can be. In this way, various deformations may be made as long as the received light can be reflected many times and converted into heat and absorbed. (A-
2) If the surface color of the light absorber 5 is black, light reflection is small, light is easily absorbed from received sunlight, and it is effective to heat the heating plate 4. (B. Regarding the reflector 20 for the heater) (B-1) By providing the reflector 20 for the heater, as much as possible by reflecting the light leaked from the light absorber 5 and the infrared ray emitted from the light absorber 5 Returning to the light absorber 5 is useful for effectively utilizing the energy as heat. (C. Regarding Optical System) (C-1) The light receiving window 6 and the light condensing device 8 are made of a transparent film, a transparent plate, a tube having a part of a paraboloid, or a tube having a truncated cone. Various shapes can be made by combining the lens and the like. (C-2) [FIG. 1] [FIG. 2] [FIG. 3] shows a case where a parabolic surface and a conical surface are used and no lens is used. In such a light condensing device, since the incident angle when sunlight parallel to the axis hits the reflecting surface is large, the light is easily reflected and energy loss on the reflecting surface is reduced. In addition, since the reflected light can be condensed while advancing in the traveling direction of the direct sunlight 47 and can be made incident on a narrow light transmission path, it is easy to condense and transmit the light without blocking the direct sunlight 47. In addition, since a large lens is not used, the structure becomes simpler and the cost can be reduced. (C-3) The light collecting device 8 may of course use a lens. [FIG. 4] shows a concave lens 11 for a light collecting device having a size just fitted to the smaller end of a tube 10 having the shape of a frustoconical side, and the larger end of the tube. In addition, a converging device convex lens 9 having a size that fits exactly is provided as a condensing device 8, and the condensing device concave lens 11 is connected to the light receiving side light transmission path 1.
6 and connected to the converging device convex lens 9,
A short cylinder having the same diameter as the diameter of the convex lens for the light collector is provided as a support frame 7, and a transparent film or a transparent plate is provided thereon to form a light receiving window 6. With such a structure, the direct sunlight 4 which is perpendicularly incident on the surface of the light receiving window 6
7 is condensed by the condensing device convex lens 9, and is again converted by the condensing device concave lens 11 into a parallel ray parallel to an axis near the entrance of the light receiving side light transmission path 16, at the entrance of the light receiving side light transmission path 16. It can be sent. Even if scattered light is mixed, most of the received direct sunlight 47 can easily travel through the light receiving side light transmission path 16 and energy loss during light transmission can be reduced. If the inner surface of the tube 10 in the shape of the side surface of the truncated cone is made a light reflecting surface, light which has not been incident parallel to the axis of the convex lens 9 for the light condensing device is reflected, and even a little. A lot of light can be guided to the entrance of the light receiving side light transmission path 16. (C-4) In either case, if the light receiving area of one light collecting device 8 is increased, the light collecting device 8 becomes long, and if the light receiving area of one light collecting device 8 is reduced, the light collecting device 8 becomes short. Become. 1 depending on the amount of light required
It is necessary to increase the light receiving area of the light collecting device 8 per unit or to provide a large number of light collecting devices 8. (C-5) The transparent film and the transparent plate of the light receiving window 6 need not lose light if they are not used for a short period of time. Prevents the entrance or lens from becoming dirty, scratched, or jammed by insects or dust, facilitates cleaning, and helps reduce energy loss during transmission after receiving light. (C-6) The light receiving window 6 and the support frame 7 may of course be collectively provided in some light collecting devices 8. (C-7) The direction control device 15 is attached to the base of the light-collecting device indicator 14 that supports the light-collecting device 8, and the light-receiving surface of the light-receiving window 6 is manually, semi-automatically, or automatically depending on necessity and circumstances. Direct sunlight 47 vertically
Is incident, so that the amount of received light can be increased as much as possible. When the light collecting device 8 is installed at a fixed position, the operation of the sun viewed from the light receiving point can be regarded as a circular motion about the light receiving point within a day. Therefore, keeping a constant elevation angle, the speed of 15 h / h from sunrise to sunset
It may be rotated at an angular velocity of degrees to return to the original posture within the night. For example, a motor rotating at this speed may be started by a timer at sunrise and stopped at sunset, and the same motor may be reversed in speed change or returned by providing another motor. With another motor and a timer, the sun's altitude at 90 degrees-latitude is set to ± 23.4 degrees in three months, that is, 23.4 degrees in 13 weeks from the spring solstice to the summer solstice. And from the summer solstice to the winter solstice. In this way, if the apparent movement of the sun is divided into two directions and the direction is controlled by following the two directions separately, the control can be performed without a complicated structure. A very small device.For temporary use, a mainspring timer may be used, or for advanced control or use on a moving object, it is installed around a pole. Some photo sensors may detect the shadow of sunlight and operate the control motor in accordance with the movement of the sun to perform control. When the computer is used to store and calculate the relationship between the date and time and the direction of the sun, and when the light-collecting device 8 is installed at a fixed position, the optimal direction is calculated from the initial setting value of the installation direction, and the control motor is operated to operate. Or, when using on a moving object, the navigation device that receives the radio wave from the satellite detects the direction of the light collecting device, calculates the optimal direction, and activates the control motor. May be controlled. (C-8) Light receiving side light transmission path 1
6. The light transmitting path 18 for the heater, the light transmitting path 25 for the illumination, and the light transmitting path 32 for the water tank, a bundle of a large number of thin optical fibers, a rod-shaped transparent body or a tubular transparent body, or a bundle of several of them, or A light tube may be used. Various materials such as glass, plastic, ceramic, and metal can be used for the light transmitting tube as long as the inner surface of the tube is a surface that reflects light and easily reflects the light. When bending the tube, it can be bent within a range where light is totally reflected and advancing. (C-9) The number of optical transmission paths from the light receiving window 6 to one of the light absorber 5, the light scattering reflector 28, the light absorbing tube 35, and the like may be any number as required, and each part may be one. They may be put together or divided into a plurality of pieces. The greater the number of divisions,
Although the structure is complicated, the amount of light transmitted through one optical transmission path can be easily reduced, so that the heat-resistant temperature of the material used can be designed to be low. The material must be designed to have a high heat-resistant temperature. When some light transmission paths are provided, the light quantity can be adjusted by adjusting the light quantity branching control valve 17 so that the light transmission quantity of some light transmission paths is adjusted to be equal or the number of light transmission paths is adjusted. good. (C-10) The light emitting nozzle may be a tube having various shapes such as a heat-resistant cylindrical shape or a frusto-conical side surface shape, and an optical fiber may be passed through the inside of the tube or the inlet / outlet, or a transparent body or lens may be inserted. You can put it on. By adjusting the lens, light from a number of light transmission paths may be combined into one, or the state of light emission by condensing, scattering, or the like may be adjusted. When several light emitting nozzles are provided, the state of light emission can be adjusted by adjusting their mounting angles. (C-11) A space is provided in the light emitting nozzle to enhance heat insulation and heat retention. (C-12) A material having a high heat-resistant temperature is used for a portion through which light having a high light-condensing density passes and a peripheral portion connected to the portion. (D. Regarding Heating Part) A space is provided between the upper and lower peripheries of the heat shield plate 21 and the lower part of the support cylinder 1 by the heat shield plate support 22 and the short legs or the convex portions 23 to allow air to flow under the heater.
The heat radiation can be improved and the danger of overheating can be prevented. In addition, for use indoors, it is necessary to make the heating part such as the heating plate 4 and the light absorber 5 and its surroundings heat-resistant and pay attention to prevent fire danger. (E. Regarding Sunlight Lamp 31) (E-1) Since the light-scattering reflector 28 does not use a lens, it can be made cheaper. Of course, instead of this, the heat-resistant concave lens 29 for light scattering may be provided with the central axis aligned. The concave surface of the lens may have a spherical surface on both sides, or may have a parabolic surface facing the illumination light emitting nozzle 26 and a spherical surface on the opposite side as shown in FIG. (E-2) The light reflected and receded at various places is reflected by the illumination reflector 27 and illuminates the room through the illumination lens 30. (E-3) The illumination lens 3 if necessary
A filter that eliminates UV rays is provided inside, outside, outside, and inside and outside of the lighting cover of electric lighting equipment to prevent sunburn on the skin and to prevent radiation from the sun, such as infrared rays, contained in sunlight. By installing a filter excluding a part,
Light or other radiation may be softened or various dimming may be performed. (F. Regarding the Insulated Water Tank 34) If the upper surface is used as a lid and a drain plug is provided at the bottom, the inside of the water tank can be cleaned. Provide a water supply valve such as a float type to connect to the water supply pipe, provide a water surface drain pipe for draining overflowing and expanded water, provide a pressure valve for safety, and provide a hot water tap. If it is, you can use hot water safely and conveniently.
(G. About when sunlight cannot be obtained) When the sunlight weakens while using the indoor solar heater 24 or the solar lamp 31, if the photo switch 43 or the electric lighting equipment and its power supply are used. The power is supplied to the electric heater 37 and the electric lighting equipment by the photo switch provided in the, so that the heating operation and the lighting can be continued. Each time the sunlight gets stronger, it is switched from electricity to sunlight, which saves electricity and reduces high electricity and gas costs. Further, it is more advantageous when the living and work can be adjusted such that the number of heating operations is increased on a sunny day to reduce the number of heating operations when sunlight cannot be obtained. When using the warm water from the indoor solar water heater 36 and it gets warm, use an electric or gas heater or a photo switch in the insulated water tank 34 in the same manner as in the case of the heater or the lighting equipment. Is also good. (H. About when there is excess sunlight)
(H-1) It is not always necessary to provide all functions of the heater, the lamp, and the water heater. However, when the light absorber 5 is continuously irradiated when the heater is not used, the light absorber 5 may be overheated and dangerous. Therefore, if the light quantity branching control valve 17 is adjusted to stop unnecessary sunlight, the light quantity branching control valve 17 is heated, which is dangerous. However, it is very dangerous to irradiate surrounding objects in an attempt to escape unnecessary sunlight without scattering it, because the concentrated sunlight has a high energy density. Never look directly at condensed sunlight even with reflected light without a light-blocking filter, as this will damage your eyes. Therefore, it is safer and more advantageous to effectively use unnecessary sunlight as much as possible, without escaping and discarding unnecessary sunlight, and as much as possible in combination with a heat source or a light source for cooking, heating, hot water supply, or the like. Therefore, it is better to provide various functions as much as possible. (H-2)
Even if it is designed with a margin, it is dangerous if the temperature of the water in the heat retaining water tank 34 rises excessively and exceeds 100 ° C. due to some circumstances. A temperature sensor for detecting the water temperature is provided in the insulated water tank 34, and when a constant temperature lower than 100 ° C. is reached, the two upper and lower gate valves of the insulated water tank 34 and the spare water tank are opened so that an extra The heat may be absorbed by the water in the reserve tank. (H-3) When the temperature in the insulated water tank 34 exceeds a certain temperature lower than 100 ° C., the direction control device 15 is linked to a temperature sensor for detecting the water temperature, or no sunlight is used. At this time, the direction control device 15 may be remotely operated at the light quantity branching control valve 17 to cut off the automatic direction control circuit and activate the stop circuit to direct the direct sunlight 47 in a direction in which the direct sunlight 47 is not received. in this case,
At the time of restart, the direction control device 15 knows the direction of the sun by a photo sensor, stores and calculates the date and time and the relationship of the direction of the sun by a computer, and compares it with an initial set value and information from a navigation device. If the direction of the sun is not known and the control motor does not automatically return to the optimal direction, it must return to the optimal direction. Alternatively, instead of moving the direction control device 15, an operation circuit of a motor for operating a shutter provided near the light receiving window 6 may be remotely operated to operate the circuit to close the light receiving surface. (I. Regarding the light amount branching control valve 17) As an example of the light amount branching control valve 17, as shown in FIG. 7, a light amount branching adjusting reflection plate 46 is provided at a branch point from the light receiving side light transmitting path 16 to another light transmitting path. And a light amount branching adjustment lever 45 is connected to the rotating shaft connected thereto. When the light amount branching adjustment lever 45 is rotated to rotate the light amount branching adjustment reflection plate 46 somewhat, some of the sunlight traveling from the light receiving side light transmission path 16 to the water tank light transmission path 32 is reflected directly or on the light amount branching adjustment reflection plate 46. The light transmission path 18 for the heater is
Alternatively, the light is transmitted to the illumination light transmission path 25. In addition, by connecting the contacts of the electric switch 41 for the heater and the electric switch 44 for the electric lighting fixture to the rotating shaft, these switches are turned on simultaneously with the rotation of the light amount branching adjustment lever 45. Such a configuration may be adopted. If there are a plurality of optical transmission paths, they may be connected.
Various modifications may be made as long as the same function is performed, and any configuration may be adopted.

[Effects of the Invention] (Effect 1) When the light condensing device 8 of the present invention is used, the direct sunlight 47 can be condensed while advancing in the traveling direction, and can be incident on a narrow light transmission path. Concentration and light transmission can be easily performed without blocking the direct sunlight 47. [Fig.1]
Since the lens shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 does not use a large lens, it has a simple structure and can be manufactured at low cost. Therefore, a light-collecting device 8 for receiving necessary sunlight or a light-collecting device group including a large number of light-collecting devices 8 can be easily formed in terms of shape and cost, and can receive and collect sunlight.
Light can be easily transmitted. This facilitates effective use of sunlight, which is important but difficult to control and use effectively. (Effect 2) The light collecting device 8 or a light collecting device group including a large number of light collecting devices 8 is installed outdoors, and the indoor solar heater 24, the solar lamp 31, the indoor solar water heater 36, and the like are installed. It can be installed in the room where it is used, making it easier to use.
(Effect 3) The condensed and transmitted sunlight 48 radiated from the heater emitting nozzle 19 hits deep digging folds at a small interval on the lower surface of the black light absorber 5 and what is between the folds and folds. The light is also reflected and travels toward the back of the fold, and is gradually absorbed by the fold surface to change into heat, and the sunlight and infrared rays that have traveled in other directions are returned to the light absorber 5 by the heater reflector 20. Therefore, sunlight can be used as heat very efficiently. (Effect 4) Since the solar lamp 31 shown in FIG. 5 uses the diffuser reflector 28 and does not use a lens, it can be manufactured at a lower cost. Further, since the receded light is reflected by the illumination reflector 27 and used for illumination, the light use efficiency is high. Furthermore, sunburn can be prevented by using an ultraviolet filter. In addition, we can irradiate sunlight to a room where sunlight does not enter or a place that does not reach, letting plants photosynthesize,
It can absorb and grow carbon dioxide, and can make new use of space and vacant lots. In addition, it is possible to easily perform things such as sterilization drying of laundry and sterilization treatment by sunbathing, which cannot be performed with ordinary electric lights. Even plants that are exposed to sunlight
By irradiating from the north side, growth can be further increased without deviation between the north and south sides. (Effect 5) It is possible to open the lid of the warm water tank 34 and clean the inside thereof, and clean hot water can be used for eating and drinking. Because it can be kept warm for a long time after sunset, the efficiency of using sunlight is very good. (Effect 6) Since it has the functions of a heater, a lamp, and a water heater, surplus sunlight that has not been used for one application can be actively used for another application. Sunlight, which is a clean, safe and permanent energy source, can be more effectively used. In this manner, the problems of the conventional photothermographic appliance using sunlight can be solved, and it can be used for both home use and industrial use. (Usage Example 1) The relationship between the light receiving time, the light receiving area, and the obtained heat amount will be numerically examined. The calorific value for raising 1 g of water by 1 ° C. is 1 cal. Therefore, the calorific value for raising 1 g of water from 0 ° C. to 100 ° C. by 100 ° C. is 100 cal. Therefore, 1 liter of water should be
The amount of heat that rises by 100 ° C. to 00 ° C. is 100 kcal. According to the solar constant, the amount of heat of sunlight is about 1.95 cal / cm ² per minute. This is 1
Approximately 19.5 kcal / cm ² per minute. Therefore, it is about 117 kcal / cm ^{2 in} 6 minutes. This is approximately equivalent to a calorific value of 100 kcal, which, with some losses, will raise 1 liter of water 100 ° C. from 0 ° C. to 100 ° C. (Usage example 2) For example, a light receiving window 6 having a diameter of 10 cm
The length of the condensing device 8 composed of the parabolic reflector tube 12 and the conical reflector tube 13 having a length of about 30 cm and about 130 cm
When arranged, the light collecting device installation area becomes about 1.3 m ² and the light receiving area becomes about 1 m ² . The light absorber 5 is irradiated for 6 minutes using the sunlight obtained by the light collecting device,
When heating is performed, about 117 kcal can be obtained, and 1 liter of water can be raised by 100 ° C. from 0 ° C. to 100 ° C. When converted to electricity, the electric energy is 0.13 in 6 minutes of use
Equivalent to 5 kW, and 1.35 kW when used for 1 hour
At W hours, it corresponds to an electric power of about 1.35 kW. Even if each one seems small, it will be tens of millions and hundreds of millions in the whole country and the whole world, and even if it is calculated with 1 kW output, it will be tens of millions and hundreds of million kW in total Also. (Usage Example 3) According to this light condensing device, 10 l of water can be raised 100 ° C. from 0 ° C. to 100 ° C. in one hour.
0l can be increased by 100 ° C from 0 ° C to 100 ° C. Therefore, it is possible to raise 210 l of water by about 67 ° C. in 14 hours. For example, if a warm water tank 34 having a depth of 22 cm, a width of 1 m, a height of 1 m, and a capacity of 220 l is provided and 210 l of water at 30 ° C. is put in the middle of summer, from the morning to the evening, no heater or lamp is used. Assuming that all the condensed sunlight passes through the warm water tank 34, the temperature will be 97 ° C. Considering the normal sunshine duration and illuminance, the temperature can be kept at 100 ° C. or lower, which is good in terms of both safety and use. (Usage Example 4) Even when the direct sunlight 47 becomes weak, electricity is supplied by the photo switch 43 or the photo switch provided between the electric lighting device and its power supply, so that the heating operation and lighting can be continued. Also, warm water that has been kept warm can be used.
Every time the direct sunlight 47 becomes stronger, the electricity is switched from electricity to sunlight, so that electricity can be saved. Sunlight can only be obtained when it is sunny, but there are many sunny days in a year, and there are many sunny areas,
You can get it forever. The combination and use of the present invention with common light and heat appliances currently in use can save enormous amounts of fossil fuels and reduce costs and carbon dioxide. Also, by using the present invention and the optical water engine that is the source of the present invention in combination with wind power, hydraulic power, tidal power, etc., many new ways of responding to various weather and conditions can be considered, The role played by the invention is great.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a book in which the indoor solar heater 24 is cut in a plane passing near the center of a heating plate 4 and a part of an outer wall of a heat retaining water tank 34 is cut out so that the inside of each can be seen. It is a perspective view of an invention.

FIG. 2 shows some light transmission paths, and a light transmission path 25 for illumination.
An embodiment of the present invention is shown in which the indoor solar heater 24 is cut off on a plane passing near the center of the heating plate 4 and the cross section and the state of the inside are visible when the light is branched in the middle. It is a perspective view.

FIG. 3 is a cross section of a portion from the light receiving window 6 to the entrance of the light receiving side light transmitting path 16 cut by a plane including an axis, using a light condensing device 8 including a parabolic reflecting tube 12 and a conical reflecting tube 13; In the figure,
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the path of an incident light beam parallel to an axis by several arrows.

FIG. 4 shows a light-transmitting light path 16 through a light-receiving window 6 using a light-collecting device 8 in which a convex lens 9 for a light-collecting device and a concave lens 11 for a light-collecting device are provided at both ends of a tube 10 shaped like a truncated cone. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a cross section taken along a plane including an axis of a portion up to an entrance, and showing paths of incident light rays parallel to the axis by several arrows.

FIG. 5 shows a solar lamp 31 using a light scattering reflector 28.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a cross section taken along a plane including an axis, showing paths of light rays parallel to the axis in sunlight 48 condensed and transmitted by several arrows.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a solar lamp 31 using a light diffusing concave lens 29 having a spherical surface on the opposite side to a surface facing the illumination light emitting nozzle 26, which is cut by a plane including an axis. It is the figure which showed the course of the light ray parallel to the axis | shaft among the sunlight 48 which condensed and transmitted by several arrows.

FIG. 7 shows a light amount branching control in which a light amount branching adjustment lever 45 and a light amount branching adjustment reflecting plate 46 are provided, the upper surface of a light transmission path near a branch point is cut out, an outer box is removed, and the inside is visible. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the valve 17, in which a light beam that has entered parallel to an axis near the light entrance is branched and travels with some arrows.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Support cylinder 2 Receiving tray 3 Insulating ring 4 Heating plate 5 Light absorber 6 Light receiving window 7 Support frame 8 Condensing device 9 Convex lens for condensing device 10 Tube shaped like a truncated cone side 11 Concave lens for condensing device 12 Parabolic Surface reflection tube 13 Conical surface reflection tube 14 Light collecting device support 15 Direction control device 16 Light receiving side light transmission path 17 Light amount branching control valve 18 Light transmission path for heater 19 Light emission nozzle for heater 20 Reflector for heater 21 Heat shield plate 22 Heat shield Plate support 23 Short legs or projections 24 Indoor solar heater 25 Light transmission path for illumination 26 Lighting nozzle for illumination 27 Reflector for illumination 28 Reflector for diffuser 29 Concave lens for diffuser 30 Lighting lens 31 Solar lamp 32 Water tank Light transmission path 33 Irradiation nozzle for water tank 34 Warm water tank 35 Light absorption tube 36 Indoor solar water heater 37 Electric heater 38 Electric wire in heater 39 Electrical insulation Ring 40 heating-side electrical cord 41 for heater electrical switch 42 power-side electric cord 43 photo switch 44 Electrical lighting equipment for electric switch 45 amount branched adjustment lever 46 amount branch regulatory reflector 47 direct sunlight 48 focused sending sunlight

Claims (1)

[Claims] A heat-resistant cylinder is used as a support cylinder, a heat-resistant tray is provided on the support cylinder, and an opening is cut out at the center of the tray. A heat-insulating and heat-insulating ring 3 is provided on the upper surface around the central opening of the tray 2, and heat-insulating ring 3 is provided on the heat-insulating ring 3.
A heating plate 4 having good thermal conductivity is provided. A heat-resistant, light and heat absorptivity is good at the center of the lower surface of the heating plate 4 and the heat conductivity is good. The light absorber 5 is provided in close contact. C so that it contacts the lower surface around the central opening of
A heat-resistant heater reflector 20 such as a bowl shape or a box shape having an inner surface that reflects light is provided. D. In the wall of the heater reflector 20, small holes as many as the number of nozzles to be used are made, and a heat-resistant one or more heater nozzles 19 having a thin tube or a transparent body or a lens provided therein are provided. , Through the hole. The center axis of the heater emitting nozzle 19 is directed toward the center of the lower surface of the light absorber 5 or the fold around the lower surface of the light absorber 5, and is adjusted so as to be parallel to the plane perpendicular to the ridge line of the fold and oblique to the plane of the fold. . A heat-resistant heater light-transmitting path 18 is connected to the heater light-emitting nozzle 19, and the heater light-transmitting path 18 is passed under the lower end of the support cylinder 1, or a hole or cut is made in the side surface of the support cylinder 1. Open and let through. A heat-resistant heat-shielding plate support 22 is provided at some position near the lower end of the support tube 1, and supports the heat-resistant heat-shielding plate 21 at a distance below the heater reflector 20. (C) At some point on the lower surface of the lower end of the support cylinder 1, a short heat-resistant foot or convex portion 23 is provided. G. The indoor solar heater 24 is composed of the above support tube 1 to the light absorber 5 and the short legs or convex portions 23 from the heater light transmission path 18. A heat-resistant light amount branching control valve 17 is provided in the heater light transmission path 18.
And the light transmitting path 16 on the light receiving side are connected in that order. (C) The smaller-diameter end of the conical-surface reflecting tube 13 that reflects light in the form of a frustoconical side surface is connected to the entrance of the light-receiving-side light-transmitting path 16. (C) The diameter of the end of the conical surface reflection tube 13 having the larger diameter and the inclination of the surface, and the diameter of the end of the smaller diameter of the parabolic reflection tube 12 whose inner surface reflects light with a paraboloid. And the inclination of the surface is the same, and they are connected to form a light-collecting device 8. The shape and size of the parabolic reflector tube 12 and the conical reflector tube 13 are such that all the light reflected parallel to their axes enters the entrance of the light receiving side light transmitting path 16, and further the light receiving side light transmitting path 16. To be able to proceed with total internal reflection. At the end of the larger diameter of the parabolic reflective tube 12, a short cylinder having the same diameter as that of the tube is provided as a support frame 7, and a transparent film or a transparent plate is provided thereon to form a light receiving window 6. S At the base of the light collector support 14 that supports the light collector 8,
A direction control device 15 for directing the light receiving window 6 toward the sun is provided. The light quantity branching control valve 17 is connected to several heat-resistant light transmission paths 25 and some heat-resistant water tank light transmission paths 32. (H) An illumination light emitting nozzle 26 similar to the heater light emitting nozzle 19 is connected to the illumination light transmission path 25, and is provided through a hole formed in the bottom of a bowl-shaped illumination reflector 27 having a heat-resistant inner surface. In the vicinity of the exit of the illumination light emitting nozzle 26, a heat-resistant light scattering reflector 28 is provided with the center axis aligned with the tip facing the exit side. The shape of the light-scattering reflector 28 is such that, on a cross-sectional view taken along a plane including the axis, the curve indicating the reflecting surface becomes a part of two parabolas symmetrical to the axis, and the light parallel to the axis The light reflected from the lens is scattered at various angles. (E) A heat-resistant transparent or translucent illumination lens 30 is provided at the opening of the illumination reflector 27, and the solar light lamp 31 is formed from the illumination light transmission path 25 to the illumination lens 30. (G) A water tank light emitting nozzle 33 similar to the heater light nozzle 19 is connected to the water tank light transmitting path 32, and is provided through a hole formed in the wall of the heat-resistant heat retaining water tank. (D) The tip of the water tank emitting nozzle 33 is directed toward the inner surface of the light absorbing tube 35 whose inner surface provided in the heat insulating water tank 34 is separated from the wall surface. It is assumed that the solar water heater 36. (D) Around the heating plate 4 at a distance, an electric heater 37 is provided.
Is provided such that the upper surface thereof is almost as high as the upper surface of the heating plate 4. Connect the heater inner wire 38 to the electric heater 37. D) A heat-resistant and heat-insulating electric insulating ring 39 is fitted into the hole or cut formed in the receiving tray 2, and the electric wire 38 inside the heater is passed through the electric insulating ring 39. No. Connect the heater side electric cord 40 to the heater inner wire 38. (C) A heat-resistant and heat-insulating electric insulating ring 39 is fitted into a hole or notch formed in the support cylinder 1, and a heater-side electric cord 40 is passed through the electric insulating ring 39. H. The electric switch 4 for the heater
1. The power cord 42 and the photo switch 43 are connected in that order. (F) The electric switch 41 for the heater and the electric switch 44 for the electric luminaire operate the light amount branching control valve 17 so as to transmit light to the indoor solar heater 24 and the solar lamp 31 in conjunction with the light amount branching control valve 17. Adjust them and switch them on at the same time. This is a photothermal appliance configured as described above, using condensed and transmitted sunlight.