JPH11149803A - Lighting system and projection type display device using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lighting system which efficiently leads light emitted from a lamp to a light bulb. SOLUTION: A lamp 51, a concave mirror 5 by high light emitted from the lamp 51 is reflected to converge onto a small area, a light distribution correcting element 54 which is arranged at a position where the reflected light from the concave mirror 52 is converged, and through which the reflected light is passed, and a relay lens 59 which leads outgoing light from the light distribution correcting element 54 to an area to be irradiated area 60, are provided. The light distribution correcting element 54 has a cylindrical reflection surface 55 inside thereof, of which the inner diameter becomes smaller further away from the concave mirror 52. A lighting system which has high efficiency and a large F value of lighting illuminating the area to be irradiated 60, can be provided by the light distribution correcting element 52.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an illuminating device and a projection type display device using the illuminating device, and more particularly to an illuminating device for efficiently guiding light emitted from a lamp to a light valve and a projection using the illuminating device. The present invention relates to a type display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to obtain a large-screen image, a device for forming an optical image according to a video signal on a light valve, irradiating the optical image with light, and enlarging and projecting the image on a screen by a projection lens has been conventionally used. well known. Recently, a projection display device using a liquid crystal panel as a light valve has been commercialized (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-133424). The LCD panel is used to obtain high quality projected images.
It is becoming mainstream to use twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal as a liquid crystal material, use an active matrix type in which a TFT is provided for each pixel as a switching element, and use three liquid crystal panels for red, green, and blue. .

In recent years, the uniformity of illuminance of a projected image has been improved by using an integrator in which two lens array plates are combined (for example, JP-A-3-111806, JP-A-5-111506). No. 346557).

Further, in the TN liquid crystal panel, it is necessary to arrange a polarizing plate on the incident side in order to convert natural light emitted from the light source into linearly polarized light, and the incident side polarizing plate absorbs about half of the incident light. For this reason, there is a problem that the light utilization efficiency of the entire apparatus is low, and in order to solve this problem, an optical system in which a polarization separation element that converts natural light into linearly polarized light and an integrator are proposed.

For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-234205 discloses a method of separating a natural light emitted from a light source into two polarized light components whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other by using a polarization separation device in which a plurality of prism elements are combined in a plate shape. The two polarized light components are emitted in different directions, and the two polarized light components are transmitted through different positions of each positive lens element of the exit lens array. /
A configuration in which a two-wavelength plate rotates 90 ° is disclosed. JP-A-6-202094 discloses a thin polarization separation element in which a material having a refractive index anisotropy is bonded to a sawtooth prism array substrate, a two-piece integrator,
A polarization conversion optical system combining a two-wavelength plate is disclosed. Since the polarization separation element has a difference in the refractive index at the boundary surface depending on the polarization direction, the traveling direction of the outgoing light beam can be shifted between the ordinary light beam and the extraordinary light beam.

FIG. 21 shows a configuration of a conventional example of an optical system of a projection display device using a TN liquid crystal panel, an integrator, and a polarization separation element. The light source 14 is composed of the lamp 11, the concave mirror 12, and the filter 13. The light emitted from the lamp 11 is converted into near parallel light by the concave mirror 12, and the filter 13 removes infrared light and ultraviolet light. Light source 14
The light emitted from enters the integrator 17 in which the incident side lens array 15 and the exit side lens array 16 are combined. The incident side lens array 15 is a two-dimensional array of a plurality of positive lens elements 18 having the same rectangular aperture.
Are arranged in a two-dimensional manner. The light emitted from the integrator 17 enters the polarization separation element 20.

In this polarized light separating element 20, a plurality of rhombic prisms 21 and a pair of triangular prisms 22 for both ends are bonded in a flat plate shape with a transparent adhesive, and
The polarization separation film 23 is sandwiched between the two. The polarization separation film 23 is formed by alternately laminating high-refractive-index optical thin films and low-refractive-index optical thin films. When natural light enters, the P-polarized component is transmitted and the S-polarized component is reflected. When natural light is incident on the polarization splitting film 23, the P-polarized light component becomes
3, the S-polarized light component is reflected by the polarized light separating film 23 and then reflected by another adjacent polarized light separating film 23 to be emitted in parallel with the P-polarized light component. As a result, the P-polarized light component and the S-polarized light component are emitted parallel to each other with a shift of a predetermined distance. A half-wave plate 24 is attached to the exit surface of the polarization separation element 20 at a position where the P-polarized light component passes. When the P-polarized light component enters the plate, the polarization direction is rotated by 90 ° and the polarization direction is changed. Aligned with S-polarized light component. Thus, the polarization separation element 20
When natural light is incident on the light source, light almost linearly polarized light having almost all S-polarized light components is emitted.

[0008] Polarization separation element 20 and half-wave plate 24
After passing through the correction lens 25, the light emitted from the lens enters a color separation optical system composed of dichroic mirrors 26 and 27 and a plane mirror 28, and is separated into light of three primary colors of red, green and blue. . Each primary color light is applied to the field lens 2
After passing through 9, 30, 31 and the incident side polarizing plates 32, 33, 34, the light enters the liquid crystal panels 35, 36, 37. By the action of the polarization splitting element 20 and the half-wave plate 24, light close to linearly polarized light is incident on the incident-side polarizing plates 32, 33, and 34, but the transmission axes of the incident-side polarizing plates 32, 33, and 34 Are oriented in a direction where the transmittance is almost maximum.

Optical images are formed on the liquid crystal panels 35, 36, and 37 as a change in the polarization state in accordance with a video signal. Outgoing light from the liquid crystal panels 35, 36, 37 passes through the outgoing-side polarizers 38, 39, 40, respectively, and then becomes one light by a color combining optical system composed of dichroic mirrors 41, 42 and a plane mirror 43. And the projection lens 4
4 is incident. Thereby, the three liquid crystal panels 35, 3
The optical images on 6 and 37 are enlarged and projected by a projection lens 44 on a screen (not shown).

Each positive lens element 18 forms a real image corresponding to the illuminant of the lamp 11 on the corresponding positive lens element 19. Each positive lens element 19 has a corresponding positive lens element 18.
Liquid crystal panels 35, 36, 37
Formed above, illuminate areas slightly larger than their display area. The brightness unevenness in the positive lens element 18 is smaller than the entire brightness unevenness on the incident side lens array 15, and the emission side lens array 16 forms a real image obtained by rotating the object by 180 °, so that the liquid crystal panel 35 , 36,
The illuminance uniformity on the surface 37 is improved, and the illuminance distribution of the projected image is made uniform. In addition, since the natural light is efficiently converted into light close to linearly polarized light by the polarization separation element 20 and the half-wave plate 24, the efficiency of the entire apparatus is increased.

[0011]

In order to secure light output in the projection type display device shown in FIG. 21, light emitted from each positive lens element 19 needs to be incident on only one rhombic prism 21. Since the luminous body image of the lamp 11 formed on the emission-side lens array 16 tends to be large in the central part and small in the peripheral part, the luminous body is made small and the average luminance is increased or the projection lens 4 is used.
It is necessary to reduce the F value of 4. However, lamp 11
If the luminous body is made shorter and thinner, the total luminous flux of the lamp 11 tends to be smaller and the lamp efficiency tends to be lower, so that there is a problem that the light output cannot be increased unintentionally. In addition, there is a problem that when the F value of the projection lens 44 is reduced, the projection lens 44 becomes expensive.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a lighting device in which the light radiated from a lamp is efficiently guided to a region to be irradiated, so that the F value of the illuminating light is large. It is another object of the present invention to provide a projection display device having a large light output and high efficiency by using this lighting device.

[0013]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lighting device comprising: a lamp; a concave mirror for reflecting light emitted from the lamp to converge on a small area; A light distribution correction element disposed at a position where the reflected light converges and through which the reflected light passes, wherein the light distribution correction element has a cylindrical reflection surface having an inner diameter that decreases as the distance from the concave mirror increases. Then, light emitted from near the opening end of the concave mirror does not enter the reflecting surface, and part of the light emitted from the central top of the concave mirror and its vicinity is reflected by the reflecting surface. is there.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lighting device, comprising: a lamp; a concave mirror for reflecting light emitted from the lamp and converging the light to a small area; A light distribution correction element through which the reflected light passes, the light distribution correction element is configured by a truncated cone-shaped transparent body that becomes thinner as the distance from the concave mirror increases, and the light emitted from near the opening end of the concave mirror is The light is not incident on the side surface of the truncated cone-shaped transparent body, and a part of the light emitted from the central top of the concave mirror and its vicinity is totally reflected by the side surface.

In these first and second lighting devices, the concave mirror has a window at the center top thereof for passing the lamp, and the light-incoming end of the light distribution correction element is connected to a reflecting surface near the window-side end of the concave mirror. It is desirable that almost all of the emitted light be incident. Further, it is desirable that the emission end of the light distribution correction element has such a size that almost all the light emitted from the reflection surface near the opening end of the concave mirror enters. Further, the concave mirror is an ellipsoidal mirror, the lamp is arranged so that its luminous body is located at or near a first focal point of the ellipsoidal mirror, and the light distribution correction element has an emission end whose second end is the second focus of the ellipsoidal mirror. It is desirable to be arranged so as to be located at or near the focal point.

In the first and second lighting devices,
On the emission side of the light distribution correction element, a relay lens that guides the light emitted from the light distribution correction element to the irradiated area is provided, and between the light distribution correction element and the relay lens, on the emission side of the light distribution correction element. In close proximity, a transparent body through which light emitted from the light distribution correction element passes while the shape of the cross section perpendicular to the optical axis of the light distribution correction element is a polygonal or circular surface and all surfaces are mirror surfaces, A part of the light emitted from the light distribution correction element is configured to pass through the transparent body while being totally reflected on the side surface of the transparent body, and the relay lens is covered with a real image of the emission end of the transparent body. You may comprise so that formation is possible in the vicinity of an irradiation area.

In the first and second lighting devices,
An output-side lens array in which a plurality of input-side lenses are two-dimensionally arranged on the output side of the relay lens, and a plurality of output-side lenses paired with the input-side lens are two-dimensionally arranged. Providing on the output side of the incident side lens array, the light passing through each of the incident side lenses is converged inside the opening of the corresponding output side lens, and the real image of the opening of the incident side lens by the output side lens. Is formed in the vicinity of the irradiated area, the illuminance uniformity of the irradiated area can be improved.

In the first and second lighting devices,
A polarization separation element is provided on the emission side of the emission-side lens array, when light emitted from each of the emission-side lenses is incident, and two polarization components whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other are shifted in parallel and emitted, or a relay lens is provided. A polarization splitting element for emitting light of two polarization components whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other when light emitted from the relay lens enters, and a polarization separation element between the two polarization components. A polarization direction correction element for converting the light into a light having a uniform polarization direction, wherein the polarization direction correction element does not change the polarization direction of one of the two polarization components at all or rotates it by a predetermined angle. With, the other polarization direction, 90 degrees with respect to one polarization direction rotated by a predetermined angle, or the polarization direction is not changed at all,
By making it possible to irradiate light near linearly polarized light to the irradiated area, it is possible to realize an illumination device that efficiently emits light close to linearly polarized light.

The projection type display device according to the present invention includes the first or second illumination device, a light valve that receives light emitted from the illumination device and forms an optical image as a change in optical characteristics, and the light valve. And a projection lens for projecting the optical image by receiving the light emitted from the lens.

[0020]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. (Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a lighting apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG.
1 is a lamp, and this lamp 51 is a metal halide lamp. Numeral 52 denotes a concave mirror constituted by an elliptical mirror.
Is located at or near the first focal point F.

Reference numeral 54 denotes a light distribution correction element. As shown in detail in FIG. 2, the light distribution correction element 54 is formed of an aluminum truncated conical cylindrical body, an inner surface 55 of which is a mirror surface, an inner diameter of which is the largest at the incident end 56, and The distance from the concave mirror 52 becomes thinner. The light distribution correction element 54 is arranged such that the central axis thereof coincides with the optical axis 57 of the concave mirror 52, and the emission end 58 is located at or near the second focal point F 'of the concave mirror 52. Light distribution correction element 5
4, a relay lens 59 having a positive power is disposed on the output side, and an irradiation area 60 is provided on the output side of the relay lens 59.
Is arranged.

The operation of the lighting device according to the present invention will be described below. First, the properties of the luminous body image by the concave mirror 52 constituted by the elliptical mirror will be described.

The elliptical mirror constituting the concave mirror 52 has a first
Since the light ray that has come out of the focal point F and is reflected at an arbitrary point on the reflecting surface 61 always passes through the second focal point F ′, the center of the luminous body 53 of the lamp 51 is placed on the first mirror of the concave mirror 52.
If the focal point F coincides with the focal point F, the reflected light from the concave mirror 52 is
It is possible to converge near the focal point F '.

As shown in FIG. 3, an arbitrary point on the reflecting surface 61 of the concave mirror 52 constituted by an ellipsoidal mirror is defined as P,
The distance from the focal point F to the point P is r, and the distance from the point P to the second focal point F '
The distance from the point P to the optical axis 57 is denoted by N, and the length of the PN is denoted by h. It is assumed that the light emitting body 53 of the lamp 51 is a cylindrical perfect diffusion light source and has a diameter shorter than the entire length.

Assuming that only the minute region 62 near the point P reflects light, a similar image corresponding to the shape obtained by projecting the light-emitting body 53 onto the plane S perpendicular to the straight line FP becomes a plane perpendicular to the straight line PF '. It can be considered that it is formed in S ', and the magnification at this time is r' / r. As h increases, r increases and r 'decreases, so that the magnification r' / r decreases.

The concave mirror 52 has a lamp 51 at its central top.
It has a window for the passage of, as shown in FIG. 3, the point on the window edge 63 of the concave mirror 52 and P _1. Also, the first
A straight line passing through the focal point F and perpendicular to the optical axis 57 has an elliptical reflecting surface 6.
A point that intersects with 1 is P ₂ , a point on the open end 64 of the concave mirror 52 is P _3, and a plane passing through the second focal point F ′ and perpendicular to the optical axis 57 is an irradiation surface 65.

The points P ₁ , P ₂ ,
Progress leading ray reaching the irradiated surface 65 is reflected at point P _3, respectively Figure 4 (a), shown in FIG. 4 (b), FIG. 4 (c). 4A to 4C, it can be seen that the luminous body image 66 formed on the irradiated surface 65 decreases as h increases.

As shown in FIG. 3, the angle between the optical axis 57 and a straight line PE connecting the point P on the reflecting surface 61 of the concave mirror 52 and the point E on the irradiated surface 65 is defined as an inclination angle β. When the angle formed between the straight line connecting the point P and the center F ′ of the irradiated surface 65 and the optical axis 57 is the center inclination angle β ₀ ,
It can be seen that the center inclination angle β ₀ increases and the range of β decreases.

To summarize the above, rays passing near the center of the luminous body image 66 formed near the second focal point F 'have a small average value of the inclination angle β and a wide range of the inclination angle β. The light emitted from the periphery of the luminous body image 66 has an inclination angle β
Is large, and the range of the inclination angle β is narrow.

Next, the operation of the light distribution correction element 54 will be described with reference to FIG. The inner diameter of the incident end 56 of the light distribution correction element 54 is such that almost all of the emitted light from the vicinity of the window end 63 of the concave mirror 52 enters, and the inner diameter of the outgoing end 58 is from the vicinity of the open end 64 of the concave mirror 52. Are configured to have a size that allows almost all of the outgoing light to enter.

Therefore, the light R1 emitted from the vicinity of the opening end 64 of the concave mirror 52 is transmitted to the inner surface 55 of the light distribution correction element 54.
Pass through the light distribution correction element 54 without entering the light distribution correcting element 54. Light emitted from near the window end 63 of the elliptical mirror 52 is
Part of the light R that enters from the incident end 56 of the light distribution correction element 54
2 travels straight through the light distribution correction element 54, but the remaining light R3 is reflected by the inner surface 55 and emitted from the emission end 58. in this case,
The angle of inclination of the light beam reflected by the inner surface 55 increases.

The inner diameter of the light emitting end 58 of the light distribution correcting element 54 is smaller than the inner diameter of the light emitting end 58 of the light distribution correcting element 54, and the light emission when the light distribution correcting element 54 is not present. Since the diameter of the body image 66 is smaller than that of the body image 66, the light distribution correction element 54 can combine the light emitted from the concave mirror 52 into a small area.

As shown in FIG. 1, the light emitted from the light distribution correction element 54 is incident on the relay lens 59, and the real image corresponding to the emission end 58 of the light distribution correction element 54 is illuminated in the illuminated area at a remote position. 60 are formed.

The light that has passed through the periphery of the illuminant image 66 has its light emitted by the light distribution correction element 54 whose inclination angle is larger than that before the light is incident. By selecting the inclination angle of the inner surface 55, the inclination angle of the light emitted from the vicinity of the opening end 64 of the concave mirror 52 and passing through the central portion of the luminous body image 66 can be made substantially the same. Therefore, all the light reflected on the inner surface 55 of the light distribution correction element 54 can be made incident on the relay lens 59. This is because when the light distribution correction element 54 is used, the divergence angle of light passing near the second focal point F 'is not changed, and the second focal point F' is not changed.
Means that the luminous body image 66 formed in the vicinity of can be reduced.

When the luminous body image 66 formed near the second focal point F 'becomes small, the concave mirror 5 is moved away from the center of the luminous body 53.
In order to return the size of the luminous body image to the original size without changing the solid angle when viewing the second reflecting surface 61, the first focal length (the distance from the vertex of the elliptical surface to the first focal point F) is The second focal length (the distance from the vertex of the elliptical surface to the second focal point F ') may be increased without changing. In this case, the inner diameter of the opening end 64 of the concave mirror 52 becomes slightly larger, but the distance from the opening end 64 of the concave mirror 52 to the second focal point F ′ becomes considerably long. Becomes larger.

Thus, the illumination device shown in FIG. 1 can efficiently collect the light radiated from the lamp 51 into the irradiated area 60 and can increase the F value of the light incident on the irradiated area 60. There is a feature.

The light distribution correction element 54 has only to have rigidity, good heat resistance and high reflectivity of the reflection surface 55. For example, the base material is made of glass, and A metal thin film having high reflectivity such as aluminum or an optical multilayer film may be deposited.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 6 shows a configuration of a lighting apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In this figure, only the configuration of the light distribution correction element 71 is different from that of the first embodiment shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 7, the light distribution correction element 71 has a truncated cone shape made of glass that becomes thinner as the distance from the concave mirror 52 increases, and the entrance surface 72 and the exit surface 73 are flat surfaces. In addition, the entrance surface 72, the exit surface 73, and the side surface 74 are mirror surfaces. The light distribution correction element 71 has a concave mirror 5 inside.
In addition, two second focal points F ′ are located, and the light exit surface 73 is disposed with a slight distance from the second focal point F ′.

The light emitted from the concave mirror 52 enters the incident surface 72 of the light distribution correction element 71, is refracted by the incident surface 72, and enters the inside. The light emitted from near the opening end 64 of the concave mirror 52 does not enter the side surface 74 of the light distribution correction element 71, but travels straight through the light distribution correction element 71 after passing through the incident surface 72. A part of the light emitted from the vicinity of the window end 63 of the concave mirror 52 passes through the incident surface 72 of the light distribution correction element 71, enters the side surface 74 in the element 71, and is totally reflected there and is emitted therefrom. Get out of. The light emitted from the light distribution correction element 71 passes through the relay lens 59 and reaches the irradiation area 60, and the relay lens 59 forms a real image corresponding to the emission surface 73 of the light distribution correction element 71 on the irradiation area 60. It is formed.

Thus, the lighting device shown in FIG. 6 can efficiently collect the light radiated from the lamp 51 in the irradiated area 60 and increase the F value of the light incident on the irradiated area 60. be able to.

When the light output of the lamp 51 is very large, the light distribution correction element 71 becomes high in temperature and may be broken. In this case, the light distribution correction element 71 is made of quartz glass. Good. Incident surface 72 of light distribution correction element 71
Each of the emission surface 73 and the emission surface 73 may be a convex surface or a concave surface. Incident surface 72 and exit surface 7 of light distribution correction element 71
By depositing an anti-reflection film on 3, the reflection loss on those surfaces can be reduced.

(Embodiment 3) FIG. 8 shows a configuration of a lighting apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The lighting apparatus shown in FIG. 8 is a relay lens 59 of the lighting apparatus shown in FIG.
Is replaced with another relay lens 81, and an integrator 82 is arranged on the emission side.

The light emitted from the center of the emission end 58 of the light distribution correction element 54 passes through the relay lens 81 and then travels in parallel with the optical axis 57. The integrator 82 includes an incident-side lens array 83 and an exit-side lens array 84. The incident-side lens array 83 has a plurality of incident-side lenses 85 functioning as a positive lens arranged two-dimensionally on the incident side surface. The opening of each of the incident-side lenses 85 is similar to the effective area of the irradiated area 60. And all have the same dimensions. The emission-side lens array 84 is formed by two-dimensionally arranging a plurality of emission-side lenses 86 functioning as positive lenses on the emission side surface. The optical axis of each incident-side lens 85 matches the optical axis of the corresponding output-side lens 86, and is parallel to the optical axis 57. The focal point of the incident side lens 85 is located near the vertex of the exit side lens 86, and the focal point of the exit side lens 86 is located near the vertex of the incident side lens 85. A correction lens 87 is arranged on the emission side of the emission-side lens array 84, and the correction lens 87 causes a light beam incident parallel to the optical axis 57 to reach near the center of the irradiation area 60.

Each incident side lens 85 forms a real image of the exit end 58 of the light distribution correction element 54 on the corresponding exit side lens 86, and each exit side lens 86 forms an infinite real image of the aperture of the corresponding entrance side lens 85. Formed at a distance, the correction lens 87 focuses the real image formed at infinity on the irradiated area 60.
In this manner, real images similar to the openings of the respective incident-side lenses 85 are formed so as to overlap each other in the irradiation target region 60.

Since the brightness unevenness in the incident side lens 85 is smaller than the entire brightness unevenness on the incident side lens array 83, and each output side lens 86 forms a real image obtained by rotating the object by 180 °, The illuminance distribution on the irradiated area 60 is made uniform. In addition, the emission end 58 of the light distribution correction element 54
Are circular, the output side lens array 84
Since the illuminant images formed thereon are also nearly circular and the sizes of all the illuminant images are almost the same, it is possible to bring all the illuminant images closer to each other on the emission-side lens array 84. Become. In addition, since the luminous body image on the emission-side lens array 84 is reduced by the light distribution correction element 54,
It is possible to increase the F value of the light incident on the irradiation area 60.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 8, the function of the correction lens 87 is imposed on each of the emission side lenses 86, and the correction lens 87 can be omitted. Specifically, the light rays traveling along the optical axis of each incident-side lens 85 without changing the aperture of each exit-side lens 86 are refracted by the corresponding exit-side lens 86 and reach the center of the irradiation area 60. That is, the optical axis of the emission side lens 86 may be decentered in a direction to approach the optical axis 57 so that the emission side lens 86 forms a real image of the opening of the incidence side lens 85 in the irradiation area 60. Also in this case, similarly to the configuration shown in FIG. 8, the illuminance distribution on the irradiation area 60 can be made uniform, and the F value of light incident on the irradiation area 60 can be increased.

Further, the light distribution correction element 71 shown in FIG. 7 can be used in the configuration shown in FIG.

(Embodiment 4) FIG. 9 shows the configuration of a lighting apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. The lighting apparatus shown in FIG. An integrator 91 is arranged close to the emission side of the correction element 54, and the distance between the light distribution correction element 54 and the relay lens 59 is increased by the entire length of the integrator 91.

As shown in FIG. 10, the integrator 91 is a quadrangular prism made of optical glass, and the entrance surface 92, the exit surface 93, and the four side surfaces 94 are all mirror-polished mirror surfaces. , Its cross section, that is, the light distribution correction element 5
The section perpendicular to the optical axis of No. 4 is a rectangle similar to the effective area of the irradiated area 60. The length of the short side of the cross section is the same as or slightly larger than the inner diameter of the emission end 58 of the light distribution correction element 54.

When the light emitted from the light distribution correction element 54 enters the inside from the incident surface 92 of the integrator 91, the total reflection is repeated on the four side surfaces 94, so that the illuminance distribution on the emission surface 93 is made uniform. The maximum divergence angle of the light emitted from the integrator 91 is equal to the maximum divergence angle of the incident light. When the light emitted from the integrator 91 enters the relay lens 59, the relay lens 59
A real image corresponding to the emission surface 93 of the integrator 91 is formed in the irradiation area 60.

By introducing the light distribution correction element 54, the length of the short side of the rectangle of the cross section of the integrator 91 can be shortened, so that the integrator 91 can be reduced in size and can be incident on the irradiated area 60. The spread angle of the generated light can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to increase the F value of the light incident on the irradiation area 60.

The integrator 91 may have a polygonal cross section, that is, a cross section perpendicular to the optical axis 57. Further, the light distribution correction element 71 shown in FIG. 7 can be used instead of the light distribution correction element 54 shown.

(Embodiment 5) FIG. 11 shows a configuration of an illumination device according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. The illumination device shown in FIG. 11 is a light emitting side lens of the illumination device shown in FIG. A polarization separation element 101 and a polarization direction correction element 102 on the emission side of the polarization separation element 101 are arranged between the array 84 and the correction lens 87.

FIG. 12 and FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of rhombic prisms 103 and two triangular prisms 104 for both ends are bonded in a flat plate shape with a transparent adhesive, and a polarization separation film 105 is sandwiched between the prisms 103 and 104. is there. Polarization separation film 105
Is formed by alternately laminating optical thin films having a high refractive index and optical thin films having a low refractive index. When natural light enters, a P-polarized component is transmitted and an S-polarized component is reflected. As shown in FIG. 13, when natural light 106 enters the polarization separation film 105, the P-polarized light component 107 passes through the polarization separation film 105.
On the other hand, the S-polarized light component 108 is reflected by the polarized light separating film 105, further reflected by another adjacent polarized light separating film 105, and emitted in parallel with the P-polarized light component 107. As a result, the P-polarized light component 107 and the S-polarized light component 108 are shifted from each other by a predetermined distance and emitted from the polarization splitting element 101 in parallel with each other.

As shown in FIG. 11, the polarization separation element 101
The polarization direction correcting element 102 is bonded to the light exit surface of the light emitting element. This polarization correction element 102 has a half-wave plate disposed only in a region where a P-polarized component is incident. 1/2
When the P-polarized light component 107 shown in FIG. 13 is incident on the wave plate, the polarization direction is rotated by 90 ° and aligned with the S-polarized light component 108. Thus, when natural light is incident on the polarization separation element 101, light almost linearly polarized light having almost all S-polarized light components is emitted. The light emitted from the polarization direction correction element 102 is
After passing through the correction lens 87 and arriving at the irradiation area 60, a real image corresponding to the aperture of each incident side lens 85 is formed in the irradiation area 6.
0 is formed.

Thus, the light radiated from the lamp 51 is converted into light that is close to linearly polarized light, and the illuminated area 60 is efficiently illuminated.
It is led to. In this configuration, the illuminance uniformity in the irradiated area 60 is good, and the F value of the illumination light is large.

As the polarization direction correcting element 102, a half-wave plate made of an optical crystal, a stretched resin film or the like can be considered. Since an optical crystal is expensive, a stretched resin film is preferably used. Because the stretched resin film has a low upper-limit temperature for use, it may be forcibly cooled by a cooling fan if necessary.

1 that functions as the polarization direction correcting element 102
The half-wave plate may be used in both the region through which S-polarized light passes and the region through which P-polarized light passes. In this case, the former half-wave plate rotates the polarization direction by an angle α, and the latter half-wave plate changes the polarization direction to (α + 90 °) or (α).
It is necessary to set the direction of the slow axis of the half-wave plate to a predetermined direction so as to rotate by -90 °).

The polarization splitting element 101 may be arranged on the incident side of the output side lens array 84. In this case, the polarization direction correction element 102 can be arranged on the exit side of the polarization separation element 101 or on the entrance side or exit side of the exit side lens array 84.

The light distribution correction element 71 shown in FIG. 7 can be used as the light distribution correction element.

(Embodiment 6) FIG. 14 shows a configuration of a lighting apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. The lighting apparatus shown in FIG. 14 is different from the lighting apparatus shown in FIG.
A polarization separation element 111 is arranged between the relay lens 81 and the incident-side lens array 125 of the integrator 124,
The difference is that the polarization direction correction element 112 is arranged on the exit side of the exit side lens array 126. The optical system from the lamp 51 to the relay lens 81 is the same as the optical system shown in FIG. The light emitted from the relay lens 81 enters the polarization separation element 111.

The polarization separation element 111 is shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 6, a unit element 117 is formed by bonding a polarization separation film 114 deposited on the inclined surface of the incident-side prism 113 and the output-side prism 115 with a transparent adhesive, and the unit element 117 is attached to the transparent adhesive. At 121, a plurality of plates are bonded to form a flat plate. Each of the two prisms 113 and 115 has a right-angled isosceles triangle in cross section.
7 has a square cross section. The polarization separation film 114
A low-refractive-index film and a high-refractive-index film are alternately laminated, and the refractive index of the exit-side prism 115 is lower than the refractive index of the incident-side prism 113. The incident side surface 119 of the entrance side prism 113 and the exit side surface 120 of the exit side prism 115
Has an anti-reflection film deposited thereon.

As shown in FIG. 16, when natural light 122 enters the polarization separation element 111 along the optical axis 123, it passes through the incidence side prism 113 and enters the polarization separation film 114. The polarization splitting film 114 transmits most of the P-polarized light component and reflects most of the S-polarized light component. Since the refractive index of the exit-side prism 115 is lower than the refractive index of the entrance-side prism 113, the P-polarized component light 116 exits obliquely with respect to the optical axis 123. Since the polarization splitting films 114 are arranged in parallel with each other, the light 118 of the S-polarized light component
4 and further reflected by another adjacent polarization splitting film 114 and emitted parallel to the optical axis 123. Thus, the P-polarized component light 116 and the S-polarized component light 118 are emitted from the polarization splitting element 111 in slightly different directions.

Both the P-polarized component light 116 and the S-polarized component light 118 emitted from the polarization splitting element 111 enter the integrator 124. Integrator 124
Are the entrance-side lens array 125 and the exit-side lens array 1
26. Incident lens array 125
Is an incident side lens 12 functioning as a positive lens on the incident side.
7 are arranged two-dimensionally, and each incident-side lens 127 has a shape similar to the irradiated area 60 and all have the same dimensions. In addition, each incident side lens 127
Each of them is deflected by the same distance so that the direction in which the traveling direction of the P-polarized component light emitted from the incident side lens 127 and the traveling direction of the S-polarized component light are bisected is parallel to the optical axis 57. I have a heart. The emission-side lens array 126 is formed by arranging a plurality of emission-side lenses 128 functioning as positive lenses two-dimensionally on the incidence side. The optical axis of each exit lens 128 is parallel to the optical axis 57 and passes through the center of the corresponding entrance lens 127.

The light of the P-polarized light component and the light of the S-polarized light component emitted from each of the incident-side lenses 127 are respectively provided on the corresponding output-side lenses 128 corresponding to the exit surfaces 58 of the light distribution correction elements 54. Is formed. As shown in FIG. 16, since the S-polarized component light 118 and the P-polarized component light 116 travel in slightly different directions, the lamp 51 is positioned on the exit lens 128 at a position away from the center in the opposite direction. A real image corresponding to the light emitting body 53 is formed. The polarization direction correction element 112 is attached to the emission side surface of the emission side lens array 126. This polarization direction correcting element 1
Reference numeral 12 has a half-wave plate 129 only in a region through which S-polarized light passes. The S-polarized light emitted from each emission-side lens 128 is a half-wave plate 129 of the polarization direction correcting element 112.
, The polarization direction is rotated by 90 °, and the P-polarized light emitted from each emission-side lens 128 does not pass through the half-wave plate 129, so that the polarization direction is aligned in the emission-side space of the polarization direction correction element 112. Light close to linearly polarized light is emitted and enters the correction lens 87. Each of the emission-side lenses 128 and the correction lens 87 forms an enlarged real image of the opening of the corresponding entrance-side lens 127 in the irradiation area 60. The focal length of the correction lens 87 is set such that the focal point is located near the irradiated area 60, and each of the emission-side lenses 128 and the correction lens 87 causes the incident-side lens 127.
Are formed so as to substantially overlap the irradiated area 60. Since the luminance distribution in each incident-side lens 127 has a smaller change than the luminance distribution in the incident-side lens array 125, the illuminance distribution becomes flat on the irradiated area 60.

Thus, the illumination device shown in FIG. 14 efficiently irradiates the irradiated area 60 with light whose illuminance distribution is close to uniform and close to linearly polarized light. The light distribution correction element 54
, The F value of the light incident on the irradiated area 60 increases.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 14, a half-wave plate may be attached to the exit-side lens array 126 in both a region through which S-polarized light passes and a region through which P-polarized light passes. it can. In this case, the former half-wave plate rotates the polarization direction by an angle α, and the latter half-wave plate rotates the polarization direction by (α + 90 °) or (α−90 °). It is necessary to set the direction of the slow axis of the two-wave plate to a predetermined direction.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 14, the incidence-side lens array 125 is formed such that the incidence side is a flat surface and the emission side is a lens surface.
25 and the polarization separation element 111 may be joined with a transparent adhesive. This eliminates the need to form an anti-reflection film on the emission side of the polarization splitting element 111 and the incidence side of the incidence-side lens array 125, and can reduce the cost.

As the light distribution correction element 54, the light distribution correction element 71 shown in FIG. 7 can be used.

(Embodiment 7) FIG. 17 shows a configuration of a projection display apparatus according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. In the drawing, reference numeral 131 denotes a lighting device, which is obtained by adding a filter 132 and a plane mirror 130 to the lighting device shown in FIG.
, A concave mirror 52, a light distribution correction element 54, a relay lens 81, an integrator 82, a correction lens 87, the filter 132 and the plane mirror 130. In the integrator 82, reference numeral 83 denotes an incident side lens array, and reference numeral 84 denotes an output side lens array. The concave mirror 52 may be formed by depositing an optical multilayer film that reflects visible light and transmits infrared light on the inner surface of a glass base material. The filter 132 is provided on one surface of the glass substrate.
It is preferable that an optical multilayer film that transmits visible light and reflects infrared light and ultraviolet light is deposited and an antireflection film is deposited on the other surface.

The light emitted from the illumination device 131 enters a color separation optical system composed of a red reflecting dichroic mirror 133, a blue reflecting dichroic mirror 134, and a plane mirror 135, and emits red, green, and blue primary color light. Is decomposed into Each primary color light emitted from the color separation optical system passes through field lenses 136, 137, and 138, and then enters liquid crystal panels 139, 140, and 141. Each of the three liquid crystal panels 139, 140, and 141 is a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal panel, and forms an optical image as a change in the scattering state. Each of the liquid crystal panels 139, 140,
The optical path length up to 141 is the same for each of the red, green, and blue optical paths.
The light emitted from each of the liquid crystal panels 139, 140, 141 is
The light enters a color combining optical system composed of a green reflecting dichroic mirror 142, a red reflecting dichroic mirror 143, and a plane mirror 144, is combined into one light, and then enters a projection lens 145. The F value of the projection lens 145 is determined by the F value of the illumination light to the liquid crystal panels 139, 140, and 141.
It is almost the same as the value. Thus, the liquid crystal panels 139, 1
The optical images formed on 40 and 141 are enlarged and projected on a screen.

Since the projection type display device using the polymer dispersed liquid crystal panel does not need the incident side polarizing plate and the emission side polarizing plate, the light output can be increased as compared with the projection type display device using the TN liquid crystal panel. there is a possibility. However, the contrast of the projected image is proportional to the square of the F value of the illumination light, and the light output tends to be inversely proportional to the square of the F value of the projection lens. Is F of illumination light to the liquid crystal panels 139, 140, 141.
It is necessary to increase the value to increase the F value of the projection lens. In this regard, the projection display device shown in FIG.
Since the F value of the light emitted from the illumination device 131 is large, the contrast can be increased and the light output can be increased as compared with the conventional projection display device.

The projection display device shown in FIG.
The liquid crystal panels 139, 140,
Since the illuminance distribution of the illumination light to 141 is uniformed, the illuminance uniformity of the projected image is improved.

In the above description, a projection type display device using a polymer dispersed liquid crystal panel as a light valve has been described. However, any device capable of controlling the amount of light incident on a projection lens by making light with narrow directivity incident. Any type of light valve can be used.

As the light distribution correction element 54, the light distribution correction element 71 shown in FIG. 7 can be used.

(Eighth Embodiment) FIG. 18 shows a configuration of a projection display apparatus according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 151 denotes a lighting device, and this lighting device 151 is the same as the lighting device shown in FIG.
And a plane mirror 153. That is, the lighting device 151 includes a lamp 51 and a concave mirror 52.
, A light distribution correction element 54, a relay lens 81, an integrator 82, a polarization separation element 101, a polarization direction correction element 102 composed of a half-wave plate, a correction lens 87, and the above-described filter 152. And the plane mirror 153
It is composed of The integrator 82 has an entrance-side lens array 83 and an exit-side lens array 84.
Reference numeral 58 denotes an emission end of the light distribution correction element 54. Concave mirror 52
It is preferable to use a glass substrate in which an optical multilayer film that reflects visible light and transmits infrared light is deposited on the inner surface of a glass substrate. The filter 152 may be formed by depositing an optical multilayer film that transmits visible light and reflects infrared light and ultraviolet light on one surface of a glass substrate and deposits an antireflection film on the other surface. Light close to linearly polarized light is emitted from the illumination device 151.

The light emitted from the illumination device 151 enters a color separation optical system composed of a blue transmission dichroic mirror 154, a green reflection dichroic mirror 155, and a plane mirror 156, and emits red, green, and blue primary color light. Is decomposed into The red primary color light includes a first relay lens 157, a second relay lens 158, and two plane mirrors 159 and 16.
The light enters a relay optical system composed of 0. The blue and green primary color lights emitted from the color separation optical system and the red primary color light emitted from the relay optical system are respectively transmitted to the field lens 16.
1, 162, 163 and incident-side polarizing plates 164, 165, 1
66, the liquid crystal panels 167, 168, 16
9 is incident.

The three liquid crystal panels 167, 168, 169
Are TN liquid crystal panels, each of which forms an optical image as a change in polarization state. Incident side polarizing plates 164, 165,
Each transmission axis 166 coincides with the central polarization direction of light close to linearly polarized light emitted from the illumination device 151. Light emitted from each of the liquid crystal panels 167, 168, and 169 passes through each of the emission-side polarizing plates 170, 171, and 172, and enters the color combining prism 173. Color synthesis prism 173
Is a structure in which four triangular prisms are joined so that a red reflection dichroic multilayer film and a blue reflection dichroic multilayer film are arranged in an X-shape on a slope. Each primary color light incident on the color combining prism 173 is
After being combined into one light by 3, the light enters the projection lens 174. The optical images formed on the liquid crystal panels 167, 168, and 169 are enlarged and projected on the screen by the projection lens 174.

In the configuration shown in FIG.
Since the optical path length from to the respective liquid crystal panels 167, 168, and 169 is longer than the other optical paths only in the red optical path, care must be taken to effectively obtain the effect of the illumination device. In the configuration shown in FIG. 18, the equivalent optical path length of red is made equal to the optical path lengths of green and blue by the relay optical system.

This point will be described a little more. The illumination device 151 emits light that is nearly parallel to the projection lens 1.
When 74 is telecentric, the focal point of the first relay lens 157 is located near the second relay lens 158, and the focal length of the second relay lens 158 is
And the optical path length from the second relay lens 158 to the field lens 163 is substantially equal to the optical path length from the relay lens 157 to the second relay lens 158. The optical path length from the first relay lens 157 to the second relay lens 158 Is almost equal to the length, and the focal point of the field lens 163 is the second
It is good to be located near the relay lens 158 of FIG. In this case, a real image corresponding to the emission end 58 of the light distribution correction element 54 is formed near the second relay lens 158 by the first relay lens 157, and the real image of the first relay lens 157 is formed by the second relay lens 158. Since a nearby object is formed near the field lens 163, the average illuminance and illuminance distribution near the exit side of the field lens 163 are close to the average illuminance and illuminance distribution near the entrance side of the first relay lens 157. Thus, the red, green, and blue liquid crystal panels 1 are output from the illumination device 151 by the relay optical system.
The optical path lengths up to 67, 168, and 169 are equivalently equal, and the operation of the illumination device of the present invention can be effectively obtained.

The projection display device shown in FIG. 18 has a combination of an integrator 82, a polarization separation element 101, a polarization direction correction element 102, and a correction lens 87.
Natural light emitted from the lamp 51 is efficiently converted into light close to linearly polarized light, and the light close to linearly polarized light is transmitted through the incident-side polarizing plates 164, 165, and 166 with a high transmittance, so that the efficiency is very high. Incident side polarizing plates 164, 165,
Since light close to linearly polarized light is incident on 166, light absorption by these incident side polarizing plates 164, 165, 166 is small,
There is also an advantage that the reliability is increased accordingly. In addition, the integrator 82 can improve the illuminance uniformity of the projected image. Further, the liquid crystal panels 167, 16
Since the F value of the illumination light to 8, 169 is large, the F value of the projection lens 174 can be increased. When the F-number of the projection lens 174 is increased in this manner, it is possible to advantageously correct various aberrations as compared with the case where the F-number is small, so that the resolution can be increased.
Can be reduced in size.

As the liquid crystal panels 167, 168, and 169, any type can be used as long as it forms an optical image as a change in the polarization state.

(Embodiment 9) FIG. 19 shows a configuration of a lighting apparatus according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention. In FIG. 19, reference numeral 181 denotes an illumination optical system, and 182 denotes an optical fiber bundle.

The illumination optical system 181 is the same as the optical system from the lamp 51 to the light distribution correction element 54 of the illumination device shown in FIG. 1, and 52 is a concave mirror. As the lamp 51, a halogen lamp, a metal halide lamp, a xenon lamp, or an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp can be used. The optical fiber bundle 182 is a bundle of very thin optical fibers,
Can be bent freely to some extent. The input end 183 of the optical fiber bundle 182 is arranged close to the output end 58 of the light distribution correction element 54. Optical fiber bundle 18
The light incident on 2 is repeatedly reflected on the side surface of each fiber and emitted from the emission end 184.

In the illumination device shown in FIG. 19, the outer diameter of the optical fiber bundle 182 can be reduced by introducing the light distribution correction element 54. Therefore, the minimum radius of curvature of the optical fiber bundle 182 can be reduced, and the cost required for the optical fiber bundle 182 can be reduced.

As the light distribution correction element 54, the light distribution correction element 71 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 can be used.

(Embodiment 10) FIG. 20 shows a configuration of a lighting apparatus according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention. In the figure, 191 is an illumination optical system, 91 is an integrator, and 182 is an optical fiber bundle.

The illumination device 191 is the same as the optical system from the lamp 51 to the integrator 91 of the illumination device shown in FIG. 9, and the optical fiber bundle 182 is the same as that shown in FIG. The illumination optical system 191 has a lamp 51 and a concave mirror 52. Incident end 1 of optical fiber bundle 182
Reference numeral 83 is arranged near the emission end of the integrator 91. Reference numeral 184 denotes an output end of the optical fiber bundle 182.

In the illumination device shown in FIG. 20, the outer diameter of the optical fiber bundle 182 can be reduced by introducing the light distribution correction element 54, as in the illumination device shown in FIG. Can be reduced, and
The cost required for the optical fiber bundle 182 can be reduced. Further, by introducing the integrator 91, the illuminance distribution near the exit end of the optical fiber bundle 182 can be made uniform.

As the light distribution correction element 54, the light distribution correction element 71 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 can be used.

[0092]

As described above, according to the present invention, by introducing a light distribution correction element, an illumination device having high efficiency, good uniformity of the illuminance distribution in the irradiated area, and having a large F value of the emitted light is provided. Can be provided. Further, it is possible to provide a projection display device which has a large light output and is efficient.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a lighting device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially broken enlarged perspective view showing a detailed configuration of a light distribution correction element in the illumination device of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the operation of an elliptical concave mirror in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing how light reflected by a minute reflection region of the elliptical concave mirror advances.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an operation of a light distribution correction element of the illumination device in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a lighting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged perspective view showing a detailed configuration of a light distribution correction element in the lighting device of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a lighting device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a lighting device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

10 is an enlarged perspective view showing a detailed configuration of an integrator in the lighting device of FIG.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a lighting device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged perspective view illustrating a detailed configuration of a polarization beam splitter in the illumination device of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the polarization beam splitter of FIG.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a lighting device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an enlarged perspective view showing a detailed configuration of a polarization beam splitter in the illumination device of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the polarization beam splitter of FIG.

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a projection display device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a projection display apparatus according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a lighting device according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a lighting device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a conventional projection display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 51 lamp 52 concave mirror 54, 71 light distribution correction element 59, 81 relay lens 60 irradiated area 82, 91, 124 integrator 87 correction lens 101, 111 polarization separation element 102, 112 polarization direction correction element 131, 151 illumination device 132, 152 Filters 133, 134, 142, 143, 154, 155 Dichroic mirrors 135, 144, 153, 156, 159, 160 Planar mirrors 136, 137, 138, 161, 162, 163 Field lenses 139, 140, 141, 167, 168, 169 Liquid crystal panel 145, 174 Projection lens 157, 158 Relay lens 164, 165, 166 Incident side polarizing plate 170, 171, 172 Outgoing side polarizing plate 173 Color combining prism 181, 191 Illumination optical system 182 Iber bundle

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI G02F 1/1335 530 G02F 1/1335 530 G03B 21/14 G03B 21/14 A G09F 9/00 360 G09F 9/00 360D

Claims (15)

[Claims] 1. A lamp, a concave mirror that reflects light emitted from the lamp and converges the light into a small area, and a light distribution correction that is disposed at a position where the reflected light from the concave mirror converges and passes the reflected light. The light distribution correction element has a cylindrical reflecting surface whose inner diameter decreases as the distance from the concave mirror increases, and light emitted from near the opening end of the concave mirror enters the reflecting surface. And a part of light emitted from the central top of the concave mirror and its vicinity is reflected by the reflection surface. 2. A lamp, a concave mirror that reflects light emitted from the lamp and converges the light in a small area, and a light distribution correction disposed at a position where the reflected light from the concave mirror converges and through which the reflected light passes. And the light distribution correction element is constituted by a truncated cone-shaped transparent body that becomes thinner as the distance from the concave mirror increases, and light emitted from near the opening end of the concave mirror is a side surface of the truncated cone-shaped transparent body. And a part of light emitted from the central top of the concave mirror and its vicinity is totally reflected by the side surface. 3. The concave mirror has a window at the center top for passing the lamp, and the incident end of the light distribution correction element has a size on which almost all the light emitted from the reflecting surface near the window side end of the concave mirror enters. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein 4. The illumination device according to claim 1, wherein an output end of the light distribution correction element has a size to which substantially all light emitted from a reflection surface near an opening end of the concave mirror is incident. 5. The concave mirror is an ellipsoidal mirror, the lamp is arranged such that its luminous body is located at or near a first focal point of the ellipsoidal mirror, and the light distribution correction element has an emission end whose elliptical surface is the ellipsoidal mirror. The lighting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lighting device is disposed so as to be located at or near a second focal point of the mirror. 6. The illuminating device according to claim 1, further comprising a relay lens on an emission side of the light distribution correction element for guiding light emitted from the light distribution correction element to a region to be illuminated. 7. Between a light distribution correction element and a relay lens,
The light emitted from the light distribution correction element is arranged close to the light emission side of the light distribution correction element, and the cross section perpendicular to the optical axis of the light distribution correction element has a polygonal or circular shape and all surfaces are mirror surfaces. With a transparent body that passes through, a part of the light emitted from the light distribution correction element is configured to pass through this transparent body while being totally reflected on the side surface of the transparent body, and the relay lens is 7. The illumination device according to claim 6, wherein a real image of an emission end of the transparent body can be formed in the vicinity of the irradiated area. 8. An incident-side lens array in which a plurality of incident-side lenses are two-dimensionally arranged on an exit side of a relay lens,
An emission-side lens array in which a plurality of emission-side lenses forming a pair with the incidence-side lens are arranged in a two-dimensional manner is provided on the emission side of the incidence-side lens array, and light passing through each of the incidence-side lenses is corresponded. The illumination device according to claim 6, wherein the illumination lens is configured to converge inside the opening of the emission-side lens, and to form a real image of the opening of the incidence-side lens near the irradiated area by the emission-side lens. 9. An output side lens array in which a plurality of input side lenses are two-dimensionally arranged on an output side of a relay lens,
An emission-side lens array in which a plurality of emission-side lenses paired with the incidence-side lens are two-dimensionally arranged is provided on the emission side of the incidence-side lens array, and a positive lens is provided on the emission side of the emission-side lens array. The light passing through each of the incident-side lenses is converged inside the corresponding opening of the exit-side lens, and the real image of the opening of the entrance-side lens is near the irradiated area by the exit-side lens and the positive lens. The lighting device according to claim 6, wherein the lighting devices are configured to substantially overlap each other. 10. A polarizing beam splitter is provided on the emission side of the emission-side lens array, wherein when light emitted from each of the emission-side lenses is incident, light of two polarization components whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other is shifted in parallel and emitted. A polarization direction correction element for converting the light of the two polarization components into light having a uniform polarization direction, wherein the polarization direction correction element does not change the polarization direction of one of the two polarization components at all or a predetermined direction. And by rotating the other polarization direction by 90 ° with respect to the one polarization direction rotated by a predetermined angle without changing the polarization direction at all, the light polarized close to linearly polarized light in the irradiated area. The illumination device according to claim 8, wherein the illumination device can irradiate light. 11. A polarization separating element, between a relay lens and an incident side lens array, for emitting light of two polarization components whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other when light emitted from the relay lens enters, in different directions. A polarization direction correction element that converts light of the two polarization components into light with the same polarization direction, wherein the polarization direction correction element does not change the polarization direction of one of the two polarization components at all or While rotating by a predetermined angle, the other polarization direction is not changed at all or rotated by 90 degrees with respect to one polarization direction rotated by a predetermined angle, so that the irradiated area is close to linearly polarized light. The lighting device according to claim 8, which is capable of irradiating light. 12. The illuminating device according to claim 1, wherein an optical fiber bundle is disposed close to an emission side of the light distribution correction element. 13. The light distribution correction element between the light distribution correction element and the optical fiber bundle, wherein the cross section perpendicular to the optical axis of the light distribution correction element has a polygonal or circular shape and all surfaces are mirror surfaces. And a part of the light emitted from the light distribution correction element passes through the transparent body while being totally reflected on a side surface of the transparent body, and the emitted light is transmitted through the optical fiber bundle. 13. The light source of claim 12, wherein
The lighting device according to the above. 14. An illumination device for irradiating light to be irradiated with light emitted from a lamp, a light valve for receiving light emitted from the illumination device and forming an optical image as a change in optical characteristics, and 14. A projection display device, comprising: a projection lens that receives the outgoing light and projects the optical image, wherein the illumination device is the illumination device according to any one of claims 1 to 13. 15. The lighting device according to claim 10, wherein the light valve is configured to receive light emitted from the lighting device and form an optical image as a change in polarization state, and the lighting device is the lighting device according to claim 10 or 11. Projection display device.