JPH11137976A - Filter device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To regenerate a filter to recycle by supplying an original liquid to one of two filter units, taking out a permeated water to the outside and providing a permeating side communicated flow passage communicating the filtering sides of two filter units with each other and a back washing water take-out flow passage provided at the original water flow-in side. SOLUTION: When a three-way valve 4 is switched to communicate a feed pipe 2 and a water supply pipe 112 with each other, a feed supplied from a water supply flows in a hollow yarn filter 111 to permeate a hollow yarn membrane and flows out as a permeated water from a permeated water flow-out pipe 115 to a permeating side communicating pipe 5. A control device 7 detecting that the pressure difference between the front side and the back side of a hollow yarn filter 111 exceeds a fixed value outputs the order to switch the three-way valve 4 and to open a stop valve 611. As a result, the feed flows in the hollow yarn filter 121 to be filtered. A part of the permeated water flowing out to the permeating side communicating pipe 5 flows in a hollow yarn filter 111 to wash out soil on the hollow yarn membrane and is taken out from the back washing water take-out pipe 61.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a filtration device,
Specifically, the present invention relates to a filtration device for filtering raw water, particularly water supplied from a water supply system. The present invention particularly relates to a filtration device capable of greatly extending the life of a filtration membrane by simultaneously performing filtration of raw water and washing of a filtration filter.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In large cities, it is common to purify water taken from rivers and supply it to waterworks. In recent years, despite the deterioration of river water quality due to domestic wastewater, rapid filtration methods are still commonly used in water purification plants.
Various organic substances derived from the dead bodies of blue-green algae and bacteria bred by nutrients in domestic wastewater have often become mixed into tap water. Also, with the aging of water pipes, iron rust is often mixed into tap water.

[0003] In recent years, water purifiers for removing these organic substances and iron rust from tap water have been widely used in homes and the like in recent years. In addition, large-scale water purifiers using hollow fiber filters have been widely interposed in water supply pipes for supplying tap water to buildings and condominiums.

[0004] In these water purifiers, conventionally, a filter for filtering tap water is generally disposable.

[0005] However, apart from a small household water purifier, a large-sized water purifier inserted in a water supply line has a problem that the filter replacement is troublesome.
In addition, in an area where the content of organic matter and the like contained in tap water is large, the filter is clogged in a short time, so that the filter replacement cycle is shortened. Furthermore, disposable filters are not preferable from the viewpoint of environmental problems and resource saving.

The present invention solves the problem that a clogged filter has to be disposable in a conventional water purifier and repeats the regeneration of a clogged filter and reuses it to improve tap water. It is an object of the present invention to provide a filtration device that can continue to be used for a long time without replacing a filter even in an area where water quality is poor.

[0007]

A filtering apparatus for solving the above-mentioned problems includes: (1) two filtration units each having a filtration filter for filtering raw water, and one of the filtration units having raw water. A switchable raw water supply flow path for supplying, a permeated water extraction flow path for extracting permeated water transmitted through the filtration unit to the outside, a permeation side communication flow path communicating the permeation side of the two filtration units, A filtration device comprising: an openable and closable backwash water discharge channel provided on the raw water inflow side of the two filtration units; (2) the filtration filter in (1) is a hollow fiber as a filtration membrane The filtering device according to (1), which is a filtration filter including a membrane, (3) the filtering device according to (1) or (2), further including a first control device that controls switching of a raw water supply flow path in (1). filtration A location, and (4) filtration apparatus according to any one of further comprising a second control device for controlling the opening and closing of the backwash drainage overhead stream path in (2) (1) to (3).

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As described above, the filtration apparatus of the present invention comprises: A. two filtration units provided with a filtration filter for filtering raw water; and B. supply of raw water to one of the two filtration units. A switchable raw water supply channel, C. a permeated water extraction channel for extracting permeated water permeating the filtration unit to the outside, and D. a permeation side communication channel communicating the permeation side of the two filtration units. E. an openable / closable backwash water discharge channel provided on the raw water inflow side of the two filtration units.

Hereinafter, an example of a filtration device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0010] 1. Example of Filtration Device of the Present Invention FIG. 1 schematically shows a water purifier using a filtration unit having a hollow fiber filter which is a filtration filter having a hollow fiber membrane in a water purifier which is an example of a filtration device according to the present invention. It is a schematic diagram.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the internal structure of the hollow fiber filter provided in the filtration unit in the water purifier shown in FIG.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show the water supply and the permeated water in the water purifier shown in FIG. 1 when one of the two filtration units filters the feedwater and the other filtration unit performs backwashing. It is the schematic which shows the flow of backwash water.

In the water purifier shown in FIG. 1, the first filtration unit 11 includes a first hollow fiber filter 111 for filtering water supplied from water supply, and the second filtration unit 12 includes a second hollow fiber filter for filtering water supplied from water supply. The yarn filter 121 is provided.

Each of the first hollow fiber filter 111 and the second hollow fiber filter 121 has a cylindrical hollow fiber filter body b having an end face formed at the upper end in FIG.
A cover c fixed to a lower portion of the hollow fiber filter main body b and having an end face formed at a lower end; From the end face of the hollow fiber filter body b, the permeated water outflow pipes 115 and 125 protrude upward, and from the end face of the lid c, the feed water inflow pipes 114 and 124 protrude downward. Each of the permeated water outflow pipes 115 and 125 and the feedwater inflow pipes 114 and 124 has a male screw formed at an end. The first hollow fiber filter 111 and the second hollow fiber filter 121 pass through the permeated water outflow pipes 115 and 125, respectively.
The union joint (not shown) allows the transmission side communication pipe 5 to be connected.
, And connected to the first feed water supply pipe 112 and the second feed water supply pipe 122 at union joints (not shown) at the feed water inflow pipes 114 and 124, respectively. A male screw is formed at the lower end of the outer peripheral surface of the hollow fiber filter body b, and a female screw is formed at the upper end of the inner peripheral surface of the lid c in FIG. 2, and the male screw and the female screw are mutually screwed. The lid c is fixed to the lower part of the hollow fiber filter main body b by the combination.

A hollow fiber membrane a is housed inside the hollow fiber filter body b. The hollow fiber membrane a is housed in the hollow fiber filter body b with the bent side facing upward in a state of being bent into a hairpin shape, and is potted with a urethane resin at a lower end to form a potting portion d.
Are formed. The potting portion d is cut at the lower end of the hollow fiber filter body b, and the end of the hollow fiber membrane a is open.

A water supply pipe 2 for supplying water from a water supply to the water purifier shown in FIG. 1 is connected to an inlet port of a three-way valve 4. On the other hand, the water supply inlet pipes 114 and 124 of the first filtration unit 111 and the second filtration unit 121 are connected to the two outlet sides of the three-way valve 4 via the first water supply pipe 112 and the second water supply pipe 122, respectively. Connected to each of the ports. The permeated water outflow pipe 115 of the first hollow fiber filter 111 and the permeated water outflow pipe 125 of the second hollow fiber filter 121 are connected by a permeation side communication pipe 5. From the permeation side communication pipe 5, a permeated water extraction pipe 3 for extracting permeated water to the outside is branched. The permeated water extraction pipe 3 is connected to a water-supplied building. Here, the water-supplied building is a building to which water is supplied from a water supply system, and examples thereof include an office building and an apartment. The building to be supplied with water is not shown in FIG.

A first backwash water discharge pipe 61 and a second backwash water discharge pipe 62 are branched from the first water supply pipe 112 and the second water supply pipe 122, respectively. A first opening / closing valve 611 and a second opening / closing valve 621 are interposed in the first backwash water discharge pipe 61 and the second backwash water discharge pipe 62, respectively. Three-way valve 4, first on-off valve 611, and second on-off valve 621
Are solenoid valves, which perform flow path switching or opening / closing operation according to a command from the control device 7.

In the water purifier shown in FIG. 1, the first hollow fiber filter 111 and the second hollow fiber filter 121 correspond to the filtration filter in the filtration device of the present invention, and include the first filtration unit 11 and the second filtration filter. The unit 12 corresponds to a filtration unit in the filtration device of the present invention. Water pipe 2,
The first feed water supply pipe, the second feed water supply pipe, and the three-way valve 4 correspond to a raw water supply flow path in the filtration device of the present invention, and the permeate discharge pipe 3 corresponds to a permeate discharge flow path in the filtration device of the present invention. I do. The permeation side communication pipe 5 corresponds to the permeation side communication flow path in the filtration device of the present invention. The first backwash water discharge pipe 61 and the second backwash water discharge pipe 62 correspond to a backwash water discharge channel in the filtration device of the present invention. The control device 7 corresponds to a first control device and a second control device in a filtration device including the first control device and the second control device in the filtration device of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the operation of the water purifier shown in FIG. 1 will be described.

In the water purifier shown in FIG. 1, the three-way valve 4 is switched so that the water supply pipe 2 and the first water supply pipe 112 communicate with each other. The first on-off valve 611 provided on the first backwash water drain pipe 61 and the second on-off valve 621 provided on the second backwash water drain pipe 62 are both closed.

When water is supplied from the water supply in this state,
As shown by the arrow in FIG.
And flows into the first hollow fiber filter 111 through the first water supply pipe 112. In the first hollow fiber filter 111, the feedwater flows into the inside of the lid c through the feedwater inflow pipe 114, and then flows into the hollow inside the hollow fiber membrane a. The feedwater flowing into the hollow inside the hollow fiber membrane a is filtered by permeating outside the hollow fiber membrane a, flows out as permeated water into the hollow fiber filter body b, and permeates through the permeated water outflow pipe 115. It flows out to the side communication pipe 5. The permeated water flowing out to the permeation side communication pipe 5 is supplied to the water-supplied building through the permeated water extraction pipe 3.

When water is supplied to the water-supplied building in this state,
Dirt such as various organic substances and iron rust contained in the water supply accumulate inside the hollow of the hollow fiber membrane a provided in the first hollow fiber filter 111, and the differential pressure before and after the first hollow fiber filter 111 increases.

The control device 7 controls the first hollow fiber filter 111
When the differential pressure between before and after is detected to be greater than a certain value, the three-way valve 4 is switched so that the water supply pipe 2 and the second water supply pipe 122 communicate with each other, and the first on-off valve 611 is opened. Outputs a command to do so. According to the command, the three-way valve 4 is switched so that the water supply pipe 2 and the second water supply pipe 122 communicate with each other, the first on-off valve 611 is opened and the second
The on-off valve 621 is closed. This state is shown in FIG.

When water is supplied from the water supply in this state,
The water supply flows into the second hollow fiber filter 121 through the second water supply pipe 122 as shown by an arrow in FIG. In the second hollow fiber filter 121, the water supply is
The water flows into the inside of the lid c through the water supply inflow pipe 124, and then flows into the hollow inside the hollow fiber membrane a. The feedwater that has flowed into the hollow inside the hollow fiber membrane a is filtered by permeating outside the hollow fiber membrane a, and flows into the hollow fiber filter body b as permeated water. Then, the permeated water flows out to the permeation side communication pipe 5 through the permeated water outflow pipe 125.

Most of the permeated water flowing out to the permeation side communication pipe 5 is supplied to the water supply building through the permeated water extraction pipe 3 branched from the permeation side communication pipe 5.

On the other hand, a part of the permeated water flowing out to the permeation-side communication pipe 5 is connected to the permeated water outflow pipe 1 of the first hollow fiber filter 111.
15 and flows into the main body of the first hollow fiber filter 111. Then, the light passes through the hollow fiber membrane a from the outside to the inside cavity of the hollow fiber membrane a. The dirt accumulated inside the hollow fiber membrane a is washed away inside the lid c by the permeated water that has passed through the hollow fiber membrane a. The permeated water containing the dirt is
The water is discharged to the first water supply pipe 112 through the water supply pipe 114 of the first water supply filter 111 as backwash water.
Here, since the first on-off valve 611 is open, the first on-off valve 611 is opened.
The backwash water discharged to the water supply pipe 112 is extracted to the outside through the first backwash water extraction pipe 61. If water is supplied to the water-supplied building in this state, the dirt in the water supply will cause
The second hollow fiber filter 1 accumulated in the hollow fiber filter 121
The differential pressure before and after 21 increases.

The control device 7 controls the second hollow fiber filter 121
When the pressure difference between before and after is detected to be larger than a certain value, the water supply pipe 2 and the first water supply pipe 11
The three-way valve 4 is switched so that the second valve 2 communicates with the second valve 2, and a command is output to the effect that the first valve 611 should be closed and the second valve 621 should be opened. According to the command, the three-way valve 4 is switched so that the water supply pipe 2 and the first water supply pipe 112 communicate with each other, the first on-off valve 611 is closed, and the second on-off valve 621 is opened. This state is shown in FIG.

When water is supplied from the water supply in this state,
The water supply is filtered by the first hollow fiber filter 111 and flows out to the permeation side communication pipe 5 as shown by the arrow in FIG. Most of the permeated water flowing out to the permeation side communication pipe 5 is supplied to the water-supplied building through the permeated water extraction pipe 3.

A part of the permeated water flows through the inside of the second hollow fiber filter 121 in a direction from the permeated water outlet pipe 125 to the feed water inlet pipe 125, and flows back from the second backwash water discharge pipe 62. It is extracted outside as washing water.

2. 2. Description of Components in Filtration Device of Present Invention 2.1 Filtration Unit The filtration device of the present invention includes two filtration units.

The filtration unit has a function of filtering raw water. When switching between a filtration operation for filtering raw water and a backwash operation for washing a filtration filter described later to recover the separation performance is performed, the switching is performed using the filtration unit as one unit.

Examples of the filtration unit include a filtration unit provided with only one filtration filter for filtering raw water, and a filtration unit provided with two or more filtration filters.

Examples of raw water that can be filtered by the filtration device of the present invention include domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, sewage treated water, and river water, in addition to water supply from waterworks.

As the filtration filter, for example, fine particles such as iron oxide contained in raw water such as microfiltration membranes and ultrafiltration membranes, various bacteria, algae, and relatively high molecular weight organic substances derived from the various bacteria and algae are used. Examples of the filtration filter include a filtration membrane that can be removed and a filtration membrane case that houses the filtration membrane.

Examples of the filtration membrane include a microfiltration membrane for mainly removing particles having a size of sub-μm or more such as viruses and bacteria, high-molecular-weight organic substances such as proteins and polysaccharides, colloidal particles, and emulsion particles. Such as sub μ
Membrane used for liquid filtration, such as ultrafiltration membrane for removing particles and solutes of size less than m and reverse osmosis membrane for removing solutes such as low molecular weight organic substances such as sugars, amino acids and vitamins and salts Can be mentioned.

The structure of the filtration membrane is not limited. For example, a microfiltration membrane is obtained by splitting a homogeneous membrane having a uniform porous structure, an asymmetric membrane whose pore diameter changes in the membrane cross-sectional direction, or a nonporous thin film. Examples of the ultrafiltration membrane and the reverse osmosis membrane include an asymmetric membrane, and a composite membrane having a separation layer formed on the surface of the asymmetric membrane by interfacial polymerization or the like. it can.

The material of the filtration membrane is not limited, and examples of the microfiltration membrane include cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate,
Cellulose resins such as cellulose butyrate and cellulose acetate butyrate, nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 1
0, nylon 6T, polyamide-based resins such as poly-m-silicylene adipamide, polysulfone-based resins such as polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and polyetherethersulfone; poly (vinylidene fluoride) and poly (tetrafluoride) A polymer film formed from a polymer material such as a fluorine-based resin such as ethylene) and a polyolefin-based resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene; a ceramic film; a porous carbon sintered film; and a porous metal sintered film. And the like. Materials used for the ultrafiltration membrane and the reverse osmosis membrane include cellulose resins such as cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose butyrate, and cellulose acetate butyrate, nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 10, nylon 6T, and Examples thereof include polyamide resins such as poly-m-xylylene adipamide, polysulfone resins such as polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and polyetherethersulfone, and poly (vinylidene fluoride).

There is no particular limitation on the form of the filtration membrane. A flat membrane having a planar shape, a spiral membrane having a shape obtained by spirally winding the flat membrane, and a hollow fiber membrane having a diameter of 1 mm or less are used. Examples include a hollow fiber membrane, a capillary membrane which is a tubular membrane having a diameter of about 1 mm to 1 cm, and a tubular membrane which is a tubular membrane having a diameter of 1 cm or more.

As the hollow fiber membrane, the capillary membrane, and the tubular membrane, any of an internal pressure type membrane that pressurizes from the inside and an external pressure type membrane that pressurizes from the outside can be used. The flat membrane, spiral membrane, and tubular membrane can be used in combination with an appropriate support.

The filter membrane case may be, for example, in the shape of a cylinder, an ellipse, a prism, or a rectangular parallelepiped. When a capillary membrane or a hollow fiber membrane is used as the filtration membrane, a cylindrical filtration membrane case having an opening at one end and an end face at the other end, and a cylindrical filtration membrane having openings at both ends. A case can be used.

The filtration filter can have various structures depending on the type of filtration membrane used.

For example, as a filtration filter using a hollow fiber membrane or a capillary membrane (hereinafter abbreviated as “hollow fiber membrane or the like”) as a filtration membrane, a cylindrical filtration membrane case having openings at both ends is provided. A filtration filter in which a bundle of hollow fiber membranes or the like is loaded, and both ends of the hollow fiber membrane or the like are potted and fixed to both ends of the filtration membrane case using a thermosetting resin such as urethane resin or epoxy resin. Can be mentioned. In the filtration filter, an opening can be formed by cutting the end where the hollow fiber membrane or the like is potted, and an opening can be provided on the side surface of the filtration membrane case.

As a filtration filter using a hollow fiber membrane or the like as a filtration membrane, in addition, a U-shaped bend is formed inside a cylindrical filtration membrane case having an opening at one end and an end face at the other end. A filtration filter in which a hollow fiber membrane or the like is loaded, and the hollow fiber membrane or the like is potted and fixed at the open end of the filtration membrane case. In the filtration filter, an opening is formed by cutting the potted end of the hollow fiber membrane or the like, and either or both of the end face and the side face formed at the closed end of the filtration membrane case. And a filter provided with an opening.

When a hollow fiber membrane or the like on the internal pressure side is used in the filtration filter, an opening formed by cutting the potted end is used as a raw water inlet for raw water to flow in, and the side of the filtration membrane case or The opening provided in the end face can be a permeate outlet from which permeate flows out. On the other hand, when an external pressure type hollow fiber membrane or the like is used, the opening provided on the side surface or end surface of the filtration membrane case is used as a raw water supply port, and the opening formed in the portion where the hollow fiber membrane or the like is potted is used. It can be a permeate outlet.

As a filtration filter using a tubular membrane as a filtration membrane, for example, an internal pressure type tubular membrane is housed inside a porous tube having one end opened and the other end closed, and this is placed in a substantially cylindrical shape. Examples of the filter include a filtration filter housed inside a filtration membrane case, and a filtration filter in which the porous tube is inserted inside an external pressure type tubular membrane and is housed in the filtration membrane case. In the filtration filter, the filtration membrane case has a substantially cylindrical filtration membrane case body having an opening at one end and an end face at the other end, and a filtration membrane case lid for covering the opening of the filtration membrane case body. And can be formed by: A porous tube fixing opening into which the end of the porous tube is inserted and fixed in a watertight manner can be formed in the filter membrane case lid. In the filtration filter, an opening of the porous tube may be used as a raw water inlet, and a permeated water outlet may be provided on a side surface of the filtration membrane case. Alternatively, a raw water inlet may be provided on the side surface of the filtration membrane case, and the opening of the porous tube may be used as a permeated water outlet.

As a filtration filter using a flat membrane as a filtration membrane, a support plate having a flow path through which raw water flows is formed on one surface and a flow path through which permeated water flows is formed on the opposite surface;
A filtration filter in which filtration membranes are alternately laminated, and this is stored in a filtration membrane case can be mentioned.

As a filtration filter using a spiral membrane as a filtration membrane, a filtration membrane having a columnar shape as a whole, having an inner diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of the filtration membrane,
Examples of the filter include a filter housed in a cylindrical filter membrane case. In the filtration filter, a mesh forming a liquid flow path can be inserted between the filtration membrane and the filtration membrane case.

Among the above-mentioned filtration filters, a filtration filter using a hollow fiber membrane or the like is preferable because backwashing can be easily performed.

Examples of the filtration unit having two or more filtration filters include a filtration unit in which two or more filtration filters are connected by piping and a filtration unit in which two or more filtration filters are housed in an outer case. it can.

The filtration unit in which two or more filtration filters are accommodated in an outer case includes, for example, an outer case having a raw water inflow opening through which raw water flows in and a permeated water outflow opening through which permeated water flows out. An outer case partition for liquid-tightly partitioning the interior of the outer case into a first room having the raw water inflow opening, and a second room having the permeate outflow opening, and the outer case partition. And a filtration unit that is mounted in a liquid-tight manner.

In the filtration unit, the outer case has a function as a container for accommodating the filtration unit, and a function of forming a raw water inflow passage and a permeated water outflow passage between the inner wall of the outer case and the filtration filter. have.

The shape of the outer case can be arbitrarily selected according to the pressure of the supplied raw water and the number of filtration filters to be stored.

As the shape of the outer case, in addition to the cylindrical shape,
For example, various types of rotating bodies, such as a bale shape in which both end surfaces of a cylinder are outwardly convex curved surfaces, a cocoon type, a cigar type, an egg type, a rugby ball type, a spheroidal shape, a spherical shape, and a disk type. Shape can be mentioned. As the shape of the outer case, in addition to the above, prisms such as a square prism, a pentagonal prism, a hexagonal prism, and an octagonal prism, a rectangular parallelepiped, an elliptical cylinder, a regular dodecahedron,
And icosahedral shapes.

It is preferable that the outer case can be divided into two or more parts because it is convenient for storing and removing the filter. There is no particular limitation on the mode in which the outer case can be divided into two or more parts. For example, in the case of an outer case having a shape of a rotating body, the outer case is formed on a plane perpendicular to the central axis. It may be configured to be able to be divided along the center axis, or may be configured to be able to be divided along a plane including the central axis. When the outer case has a prismatic shape, the outer case may be configured to be able to be divided along a plane parallel to the end surface,
It may be divided so that it can be divided along a plane perpendicular to the end face. Further, in the case of an outer case having a cylindrical shape, a bale shape, a prism shape, or a rectangular parallelepiped shape of the rotating body, the outer case may be configured to be divided into a lid and a main body.

There is no particular limitation on the material of the outer case. For example, stainless steel, carbon steel, high tensile steel, alloy steel for boilers, alloy steel for pressure vessels, cast iron, malleable cast iron, titanium alloy, nickel alloy, Metal materials such as nickel-cobalt alloys and aluminum alloys, glass fiber reinforced resins,
Fiber reinforced resins such as carbon fiber reinforced resin and aramid fiber reinforced resin, fiber reinforced metal, ceramics, fiber reinforced ceramics and the like can be mentioned.

There are no particular restrictions on the positions where the raw water inflow opening and the permeated water outflow opening are provided in the outer case. When the outer case has a shape having two opposing end faces such as a cylinder, a bale, or a prism, the raw water inflow opening is provided on one end and the permeated water is provided on the other end. An outflow opening can be provided. Alternatively, a raw water inflow opening may be provided on one end surface, and a permeated water outflow opening may be provided on the side surface. Further, both the raw water inflow opening and the permeated water outflow opening may be provided on one end surface. In the case of an outer case that can be divided into two parts, a raw water inflow opening is provided in one of the divided outer cases, and a permeate outflow opening is provided in the other of the divided outer cases. In addition, both the raw water inflow opening and the permeated water outflow opening can be provided in one of the divided outer cases.

The raw water inflow opening and the permeated water outflow opening are used as conduits, and the ends of these conduits are threaded, for example, so that the raw water inflow opening and the permeated water outflow opening are unionized. The piping may be connected via a joint.

The outer case partition wall has a function of liquid-tightly partitioning the inside of the outer case into a first room having the raw water inflow opening and a second room having the permeated water outflow opening. . Here, dividing the inside of the outer case into a first room and a second room in a liquid-tight manner means that the outer case does not leak from between the inner wall of the outer case and the outer periphery of the outer case partition. It means to separate the inside of the case.

The outer case partition also has a function of holding the filtration filter in a predetermined position inside the outer case in a liquid-tight manner. Here, to hold the filtration filter liquid-tight means to hold the filtration filter so that liquid does not leak from between the filtration filter and the outer case partition.

The inside of the first and second chambers may be filled with a porous body. However, when the inside of the first and second chambers is filled with a porous body, it is preferable to fill the inside with a porous body having continuous cells through which a liquid can flow.

As the outer case partition, for example, a plate having a circular, rectangular, or polygonal shape and having two or more openings for mounting a filtration filter can be given. The plate-like body may be fixed to an inner wall of an outer case, or may be detachably attached. Examples of modes for fixing the plate-like body to the inner wall of the outer case include bonding, heat fusion, and welding. When the plate-like body is detachably attached to the inner wall of the outer case, a packing such as an O-ring is inserted into the periphery of the plate-like body, while the plate-like body is attached to the inner wall of the outer case by a predetermined amount. Protrusions or grooves or the like that hold in position can be provided.

The outer case partition may be formed integrally with the outer case.

In the filtering device in which the porous body is filled in the first or second chamber, the outer case, the outer case partition, and the porous body may be integrally formed. As a method of integrally forming the outer case, the outer case partition, and the porous body, for example, a lump portion surrounded by the outer case and the outer case partition is molded by foam injection molding, and thereby, the outer case is formed outside. And a method of forming a dense layer serving as an outer case partition wall, and forming a porous layer therein which is continuous with the dense layer and forms the first room or the second room.

In the filtration device of the above aspect, two or more holes for mounting a filtration filter, which reach the porous layer forming the first room or the second room, can be provided on the surface of the outer case partition wall. .

In the filtration filter, the raw water inlet of the filtration filter is opened inside the first chamber of the outer case, and the permeate outlet of the filtration filter is opened inside the second room of the outer case. It is mounted on the outer case partition wall in a liquid-tight manner so as to open to the outside.

As a mode of mounting the filter on the outer case partition, for example, a female screw is cut into the opening of the outer case partition, and a portion to be mounted on the opening of the outer case partition at the end of the filter is A mode in which a male screw that is screwed with the female screw is cut, the female screw is screwed with the male screw, and the filter is attached to the opening.

As another mode of mounting the filtration filter on the outer case partition wall, a step is provided in the opening of the outer case partition wall, and the end of the filter is held by the step. Cut the screw into
A mode in which the threaded end is inserted into the opening of the outer case partition and fixed with nuts from both sides of the outer case partition,
In the vicinity of the threaded end of the filtration filter, an inflatable portion having a size that cannot pass through the opening of the outer case partition is formed, and the outer case partition is fixed between the inflatable portion and the nut. An embodiment can be mentioned.

A sheet-like packing or an O-ring is inserted between the opening of the outer case partition and the filter to completely prevent liquid leakage between the opening and the filter. Can be prevented.

2.2 Raw Water Supply Channel In the filtration device of the present invention, the raw water supply channel has a function of supplying raw water to one of the two filtration units.

The raw water supply flow path having the above function includes
For example, a switchable flow path that connects a raw water supply source that supplies raw water to the filtration device of the present invention and the two filtration units can be mentioned.

Here, the raw water supply source includes, in addition to the water supply, a sewer, a factory drain outlet, a river, a lake, a dam lake, a well, and the like.

The raw water supply flow path includes, for example, flow path switching means for switching the flow path of raw water, a flow path for communicating the raw water supply source with the flow path switching means, and two flow path switching means. A raw water supply pipeline having a flow path communicating with each of the filtration units can be given.

In the raw water supply flow path, a water receiving tank, a water supply pump, and the like are provided in a flow path between the raw water supply source and the flow path switching means.
Alternatively, both a water receiving tank and a water supply pump may be provided.

Further, both the flow path connecting the raw water supply source and the flow path switching means and the two flow paths connecting the flow path switching means and each of the two filtration units are formed by pipes. be able to.

As the flow path switching means, for example, a three-way valve can be mentioned.

As another raw water supply passage, the raw water supply passage communicates with the raw water supply source and one of the two filtration units.
An openable / closable first flow path, and a raw water supply flow path including an openable / closable second flow path that communicates the raw water supply source with the other of the two filtration units can be cited. The first flow path and the second flow path may be combined into one flow path from the raw water supply source to the filtration unit. Each of the first and second flow paths can be formed by a pipeline and an on-off valve interposed in the pipeline.

The three-way valve mentioned as an example of the flow path switching means, and the open / close valves provided in the first and second openable / closable flow paths include a manual three-way valve and a manual open / close valve. , An electromagnetic three-way valve that switches the flow path with a solenoid, and a pneumatic three-way valve that switches the flow path with a pneumatic cylinder, and an electromagnetic on-off valve that opens and closes the flow path with a solenoid,
And a pneumatic on-off valve that opens and closes the flow path with a pneumatic cylinder.

When an electromagnetic three-way valve, a pneumatic three-way valve, an electromagnetic on-off valve or a pneumatic on-off valve is used as the three-way valve or the on-off valve, the electromagnetic three-way valve or the pneumatic three-way valve is further switched, A first control device for controlling the opening and closing of the on-off valve can be provided. Examples of the first control device include a control device using a non-contact sequence circuit and a control device using a contact sequence circuit. The first control device outputs a signal indicating that the raw water supply flow path is switched at regular time intervals. Control device, and the differential pressure between the raw water inlet and the permeate outlet for each of the two filtration units is measured, and the differential pressure in the filtration unit performing the filtration of the raw water is higher than a certain value. A control device that outputs a signal indicating that the switching is performed when it is detected that the power is high.

In the case where the quality of the raw water is particularly poor, and in the case where the permeated water having a particularly high water quality is required, for example,
A pre-filter may be interposed between the raw water supply source and the flow path switching means in the raw water supply flow path, or between the raw water supply source and the filtration unit. As the pre-filter, a filter having the same configuration as the filtration filter described in the section of the description of the filtration unit can be used. However, it is preferable that the pre-filter has a filtration membrane coarser than the filtration filter. For example, when a microfiltration membrane is used as a filtration membrane in a filtration filter, it is preferable to use a microfiltration membrane having a larger pore diameter than the microfiltration membrane used for the filtration filter as the pre-filter. or,
When using an ultrafiltration membrane in the filtration filter, it is preferable to use a microfiltration membrane as the pre-filter.

2.3 Permeate Extraction Channel In the filtration device of the present invention, the permeate extraction channel has a function of extracting permeate transmitted through the filtration unit to the outside.

When the raw water is supplied from the water supply,
Examples of the permeate extraction channel include a permeate extraction channel connected to a water-supplied building, which is a building to which the water supply is supplied. As the water-supplied building,
For example, office buildings and condominiums can be mentioned.

When permeated water having particularly high water quality is required, or when the quality of raw water is particularly poor, etc., a post-filter having the same structure as that of the above-mentioned filtration filter is provided in the permeated water extraction channel. Can be interposed.

Examples of the permeated water extraction flow path include a flow path branched from a permeation side communication flow path described later and a flow path that can be opened and closed and connected to each of the permeated water outlets provided in the filtration filter. it can.

The permeate drain passage can be formed by a conduit. When an openable / closable flow path is used as the permeated water flow path, the permeated water flow path can be formed by a pipe provided with an on-off valve.

2.4 Permeation-side communication channel The permeation-side communication channel has a function of communicating the permeation side of the two filtration units.

For example, an internal pressure type hollow fiber membrane or the like and a cylindrical filtration membrane case having openings at both ends are provided, and the hollow fiber membrane or the like is filtered by potting near the opening in the filtration membrane case. When the permeated water outlet is provided on the side of the filtration filter provided in the filtration unit, such as a filtration unit provided with a filter, the permeated water flow path provided on the side of the filtration filter is used as the permeation-side communication channel. A flow path communicating with the outlet can be mentioned. Examples of such a flow path include a pipe that communicates with the permeate outlet.

Further, as in a filter having an internal pressure type hollow fiber membrane and the like and a filtration membrane case having an opening at one end only, and a filter having an external pressure type hollow fiber membrane and the like,
In a filtration unit including a filtration filter having a permeated water outlet at an end, as a permeate-side communication channel, an opening for inserting a filtration filter end having a permeated water outlet,
A transmission-side communication member including a space or a conduit communicating with the opening can be given.

Further, when the filtration unit is provided with two or more filtration filters and an outer case for accommodating the filtration filters, the permeate-side communicating flow path may be a permeated water outlet provided in the outer case. And a transmission-side communication member provided with a space or a conduit communicating the parts.

2.5 Backwash Water Extraction Pipeline In the filtration device of the present invention, backwash water extraction channels are provided on each of the two filtration units on the raw water inflow side.

Examples of the backwash water discharge channel include an openable and closable channel provided near the filtration unit in the raw water supply channel. Examples of the openable and closable flow path include an openable and closable conduit branched from the raw water supply flow path, and an openable and closable opening provided in the raw water supply flow path.

Examples of the openable and closable conduit include a conduit into which an on-off valve is inserted. As an on-off valve,
In addition to a manual on-off valve, an electromagnetic on-off valve opened and closed by a solenoid, a pneumatic on-off valve opened and closed by a pneumatic cylinder, and the like can be given.

The opening that can be opened and closed includes an opening having an opening and an opening and closing member that opens and closes the opening. Examples of the opening / closing member include a shutter-shaped opening / closing member.

The filter of the present invention may be provided with a second control device for controlling the opening and closing of the on-off valve or the on-off member. In the second control device, the backwash water extraction flow path in the filtration unit for filtering raw water is closed,
The on-off valve or the on-off member can be controlled so as to open the backwash water discharge channel in the filtration unit that performs the backwash operation.

As the second control device, a control device for controlling the on-off valve in response to a raw water supply flow path switching signal from the first control device, and a change in water pressure in the filtration unit, etc. A control device for detecting and performing the opening / closing control may be used. The second control device may further include a control device that controls the switching of the raw water supply flow path and the control of the opening and closing of the backwash water extraction flow path with a single control device. In the filtration device of the present invention, when the second control device that performs both the control of switching the raw water supply flow passage and the control of opening and closing the backwash water extraction flow passage is used, the second control device and the first control device are used. The control device can be constituted by one control device.

Examples of the second control device include a control device using a non-contact sequence circuit and a control device using a contact sequence circuit.

In the second control device, when the backwash water discharge channel is opened, it may be always open.
Opening and closing may be repeated in a cycle of 60 seconds. In particular, when the degree of contamination of the filtration unit to be backwashed is high, 1 to 6
It is preferable to repeat the opening and closing in a cycle of 0 seconds. Further, even after the washing of the filtration unit to be backwashed is completed, the reverse washing water extraction flow path in the filtration unit is controlled to be opened or controlled to be repeatedly opened and closed at a constant cycle. Water inside the washed filtration unit can be prevented from becoming dead water and rotting.

2.6 Operation of Filtration Apparatus of the Present Invention Hereinafter, operation of the filtration apparatus of the present invention will be described.

In the filtration device of the present invention, the raw water is supplied to a filtration unit communicating with the raw water supply passage. The raw water supplied to the filtration unit is filtered by a filtration filter provided in the filtration unit, and flows out as permeated water. Most of the permeated water is extracted to the outside from the permeated water extraction channel. Then, a part of the permeated water flows out to the permeation-side communication channel. Here, when the backwash water extraction flow path provided between the filtration unit on the side not communicating with the raw water supply flow path and the raw water supply flow switching means is opened, the permeated water flowing out to the permeation side communication flow path is opened. Water flows inside the filtration unit from the permeation side to the raw water inflow side, whereby the inside of the filtration unit is washed. The permeated water flowing through the filtration unit is extracted to the outside from the backwash water extraction channel.

3. Another example of the filtration device of the present invention Hereinafter, another example of the filtration device of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 5 shows the water purifier shown in FIG.
It is a longitudinal section showing an example of a water purifier in which a filtration unit is provided with two or more hollow fiber filters.

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the internal structure of the filtration unit provided in the water purifier shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the internal structure of the hollow fiber filter provided in the filtration unit shown in FIG.

In FIG. 5, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same components.

In the water purifier shown in FIG. 5, the first filtration unit 11 and the second filtration unit 12
Seven hollow fiber filters 111 and 121, and outer cases 113 and 123 having a substantially columnar shape for accommodating the hollow fiber filters 111 and 121.
And

As shown in FIG. 6, the outer cases 113, 1
23 is an outer case body 113A, 123A to which the hollow fiber filters 111, 121 are fixed, and an outer case body 1
Outer case lid 113B for covering 13A, 123A,
123B.

The flanges 113 extending outward in the radial direction are provided on the upper ends of the outer case main bodies 113A and 123A.
A ₁ and 123A ₁ are provided. Further, flanges 113B ₁ and 123B ₁ extending outward in the radial direction are provided at lower ends of the outer case lids 113B and 123B. External casing body 113A and the outer casing lid portion 123B, and an external case body 123A and the outer casing lid portion 123B, the flange 113A ₁ and the flange 113B _1, respectively, and the flange 123A ₁ and the flange 1
In 23B ₁ Tokyo, they are joined by bolts, not shown in FIG.

A hollow fiber filter 111 is provided near the upper end inside the outer case bodies 113A and 123A.
A substantially disk-shaped outer case partition wall 113 for mounting 121
C and 123C are fixed. Outer case partition 113
C and 123C have the hollow fiber filters 111 and 121 respectively.
Hollow fiber filter mounting holes 113C ₁ , 123C
_One is provided at the center and six at the periphery. The hollow fiber filter mounting holes 113C ₁ and 123C ₁ are internally threaded, and the internal threads are inserted into the hollow fiber filters 111 and 121.
Screw with the male screw cut at the lower end of. Grooves are provided at the upper ends of the hollow fiber filter mounting holes 113C ₁ and 123C ₁ , and O-rings 113C ₂ and 123C ₂ are fitted into the grooves.

From the end surface of the outer case main body 113A, feed water inflow pipes 114 and 124 project downward, and from the top surfaces of the outer case lids 113B and 123B, permeated water outflow pipes 115 and 125 upward. It is protruding. Feed water inlet pipes 114, 124 and permeate outlet pipes 115, 1
25 has an external thread.

[0109] As shown in FIG.
Reference numerals 4 and 124 denote a first water supply pipe 112 and a second water supply pipe 112 for supplying water to the first filtration unit 11 and the second filtration unit 12, respectively, by a union joint (not shown).
The permeated water outflow pipe 11 is connected to
Reference numerals 5 and 125 are connected to the transmission side communication pipe 5 by a union joint (not shown). In addition, in the filtration device shown in FIG.
All of them are installed horizontally. The hollow fiber filter 111 and the second hollow fiber filter 121 are:
As shown in FIG. 7, each of them has a cylindrical hollow fiber filter main body b having an end face formed at an upper end. A permeated water outlet b1 is open at an end surface of the hollow fiber filter body b. On the outer peripheral surface near the lower end of the outer peripheral surface of the hollow fiber filter main body b, a continuous projection b3 is provided to protrude over the entire periphery. The hollow fiber filter mounting hole 11 is provided below the protrusion b3 on the outer peripheral surface of the hollow fiber filter body b.
Male threads are screwed into female threads provided on 3C ₁ and 123C ₁ .

A hollow fiber membrane a is housed inside the hollow fiber filter body b. The hollow fiber membrane a is housed in the hollow fiber filter body b with the bent side facing upward in a state of being bent into a hairpin shape, and is potted with a urethane resin at a lower end to form a potting portion d.
Are formed. The potting portion d is cut at the lower end of the hollow fiber filter main body b, and a cavity inside the hollow fiber membrane a is opened.

In the water purifier shown in FIG. 5, the first hollow fiber filter 111 and the second hollow fiber filter 121 correspond to the filtering filters in the filtering device of the present invention, and include the first filtering unit 11 and the second filtering unit. Reference numeral 12 corresponds to a filtration unit in the filtration device of the present invention. Water pipe 2,
The first water supply pipe 112, the second water supply pipe 122, and the three-way cock 4 correspond to a raw water supply flow path in the filtration device of the present invention, and the permeate discharge pipe 3 is a permeate discharge flow path in the filtration device of the present invention. Is equivalent to The permeation side communication pipe 5 corresponds to the permeation side communication flow path in the filtration device of the present invention. The first backwash water discharge pipe 61 and the second backwash water discharge pipe 62 correspond to a backwash water discharge channel in the filtration device of the present invention. Control device 7
Corresponds to the first control device and the second control device in the filtration device including the first control device and the second control device in the filtration device of the present invention.

The water purifier shown in FIG. 5 performs the same operation as the water purifier shown in FIG.

However, in the first filtration unit 11 and the second filtration unit 12, when filtering the feed water, the inside of the first filtration unit 11 and the second filtration unit 12 is supplied with water and permeated water as follows. Flows. Hereinafter, the flow of feedwater and permeated water when filtering feedwater will be described using the first filtration unit 11 as an example.

The water supplied to the first filtration unit 11 through the water supply pipe 2 and the first water supply pipe 112 flows into the outer case body 113A through the water supply pipe 114. The water supplied into the outer case body 113A is
Through the opening of the hollow fiber membrane a in the potting portion d of the first hollow fiber filter 111, it flows into the hollow of the hollow fiber membrane a. The feedwater flowing into the hollow inside the hollow fiber membrane a is
It is filtered by permeating the outside of the hollow fiber membrane a, flows out into the hollow fiber filter main body b as permeated water, flows through the permeated water outflow pipe 115 and flows out to the permeation side communication pipe 5. The permeated water flowing out to the permeation side communication pipe 5 is supplied to the water-supplied building through the permeated water extraction pipe 3. Second filtration unit 12
In the case where the feedwater is filtered in, the flow of the feedwater and the permeate in the second filtration unit is the same as the flow of the feedwater and the permeate described in the first filtration unit.

On the other hand, the flow of permeated water when the first filtration unit 11 and the second filtration unit 12 are backwashed is as follows.

For example, when the first filtration unit 11 is backwashed, a part of the permeated water flowing out from the permeated water outlet pipe 125 of the second filtration unit 12 passes through the permeation side communication pipe 5 to the first filtration unit. 11 flows into the outer case 113 from the permeated water outlet pipe 115. The permeated water flowing into the outer case 113 flows into the hollow fiber filter b from the permeated water outlet b1 of the first hollow fiber filter 111, and permeates from the outside of the hollow fiber membrane a toward the internal cavity. The dirt accumulated inside the hollow fiber membrane a is washed away by the permeated water that has passed through the hollow fiber membrane a. The permeated water containing the dirt is discharged from the opening of the hollow fiber membrane a as backwash water,
Inside of outer case main body 113A and feedwater inflow pipe 114
Through the first water supply pipe 112. here,
When the first on-off valve 611 is opened, the first water supply pipe 112
Is discharged to the outside through a first backwash water discharge pipe 61.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an example in which a post filter 31 is interposed in the permeated water extraction pipe 3 in the water purifier of FIG.

In FIG. 8, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same components.

In the water purifier, the post-filter 31
Is a hollow fiber filter having the same structure as the first hollow fiber filter 111 and the second hollow fiber filter 121.

[0120]

According to the present invention, there is provided a filtering apparatus in which the problem that a clogged filtering unit in a conventional water purifier has to be disposable has been solved.

Since the filtration device provided by the present invention has two filtration units, it is possible to filter raw water in one filtration unit and backwash the other filtration unit at the same time. Further, even in an area where the quality of the raw water is poor, the filtration of the raw water can be continued without replacing the filtration filter for a long period of time, which is preferable from the viewpoint of environmental problems and resource saving.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a water purifier using a filtration unit having a hollow fiber filter which is a filtration filter having a hollow fiber membrane in a water purifier which is an example of a filtration device according to the present invention. is there.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an internal structure of a hollow fiber filter provided in a filtration unit in the water purifier shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a water supply system in the water purifier shown in FIG. 1 in which filtration of feed water is performed by a second filtration unit of two filtration units and backwashing of the first filtration unit at the same time; It is the schematic which shows the flow of permeated water and backwash water.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating water supply when the first filtration unit of the two filtration units filters the feedwater and simultaneously performs backwashing of the second filtration unit in the water purifier illustrated in FIG. 1; It is the schematic which shows the flow of permeated water and backwash water.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of the water purifier shown in FIG. 1 in which a filtration unit includes two or more hollow fiber filters.

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an internal structure of a filtration unit provided in the water purifier shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an internal structure of a hollow fiber filter provided in the filtration unit shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a permeate discharge pipe 3 in the water purifier of FIG.
7 is a schematic diagram showing an example in which a post-filter 31 is interposed in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 ... first filtration unit, 12 ... second filtration unit, 111 ... first hollow fiber filter, 121 ...
Second hollow fiber filter, 112... First water supply pipe, 1
22 ... second water supply pipe, 113, 123 ... outer case, 114, 124 ... water supply inflow pipe, 115, 1
25 ... permeate outlet pipe, 2 ... water supply pipe, 3 ... permeate drain pipe, 4 ... three-way cock, 5 ... permeate side communication pipe, 61 ... first backwash water drain Outer pipe, 62 ... second backwash water drain pipe

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A system comprising a filtration filter for filtering raw water.
Two filtration units, a switchable raw water supply flow path for supplying raw water to one of the filtration units, a permeated water extraction flow path for extracting permeated water transmitted through the filtration unit to the outside, and the two filtration units A filtration device comprising: a permeation-side communication flow path communicating the permeation side of the above-mentioned item; and an openable / closable backwash water discharge flow path provided on the raw water inflow side of the two filtration units. 2. The filtration device according to claim 1, wherein the filtration filter according to claim 1 is a filtration filter including a hollow fiber membrane. 3. The filtration device according to claim 1, further comprising a first control device that controls switching of the raw water supply flow path according to claim 1. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a second control device for controlling opening / closing of the backwash water discharge flow path in claim 1.
4. The filtration device according to any one of items 3 to 5.