JPH11131077A - Conversion of waste to oil - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for recovering high-purity fuel oil from wastes including plastics, tires and paper under normal pressures and at relatively low temperatures, and easily converting such wastes to oil at low cost. SOLUTION: This method comprises the following process: wastes including plastics, tires and/or paper are mixed with at least a calcium-contg. compound and water, and the mixture is then heated in a closed vessel to recover fuel oil from the wastes; wherein the heating is conducted by raising temperature at a rate of 1-10 deg.C/min to a set temperature (200-400 deg.C).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an object for oiling containing at least one of plastics, tires and kitchen waste, and more particularly to a method for oiling plastic waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Industrial waste, general waste, and among them, plastic waste, in particular, has been increasing year by year.
The processing method is a problem. 2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, as a method for treating plastic waste, attention has been paid to oiling treatment that can achieve resource reuse. Various methods for oiling treatment, such as thermal cracking and catalytic cracking using a catalyst, have been studied.

[0003] However, the conventional oiling treatment method requires treatment at high temperature and high pressure, so that a large-scale apparatus is required.
There has been a problem that catalysts such as zeolite and metal catalyst are expensive and have a short life. There are also problems such as a low recovery rate of the fuel oil and a failure of the plant to operate properly due to foreign matters mixed in the waste plastics.

That is, in the conventional method, the processing cost is high, there are problems in the oiling processing step, problems in stable operation, and the like, and an efficient processing method has not been industrially established at present. It is.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a high-yield, high-purity process at normal pressure and relatively low temperature from an oily object containing at least one of plastics, tires, and garbage. It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple and inexpensive method for liquefying waste or the like, which can collect fuel oil.

[0006]

As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the above objects can be achieved by using at least one crushed material selected from the group consisting of shells, coral carcasses, and stalactites, and water. The present invention has been completed.

That is, according to the present invention, an object to be liquefied containing at least one of plastic, tire, and garbage is treated with water and at least one crushed material selected from the group consisting of shells, coral carcasses, and stalactites. An oiling method characterized by recovering fuel oil from an oiling target by mixing and heating in a closed container.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a heating container such as a beaker for heating an object to be liquefied, 2 denotes a lid member such as a rubber stopper for sealing the heating container 1,
Reference numeral 3 denotes a heating device 3 such as a burner for heating the heating container 1, and reference numeral 4 denotes a cooling device such as a cooling pipe for cooling a gas mainly composed of vaporized fuel oil.
Reference numeral 5 denotes a collection container such as an Erlenmeyer flask for collecting a liquid component mainly composed of fuel oil distilled from the cooling device 4.

First, the crushed material and water are stirred in the heating vessel 1 and both are well mixed. Next, the object to be oiled is put into the heating container 1, and the container is closed with the lid member 2. Then, the heating container 1 is heated by the heating device 3. At this time, the temperature inside the heating vessel 1 is controlled by a temperature control device (not shown) such as a thermometer.

After a short time from the start of the heating, the liquid mainly composed of water starts to distill through the cooling device 4. During this time, the temperature inside the heating vessel 1 is kept at 100 ° C to 120 ° C. When the liquid containing water as the main component has been distilled, the temperature in the heating vessel 1 rises until it reaches the set temperature, and is maintained at the set temperature until the distillation of the liquid containing fuel oil as the main component ends. At this time, it is assumed that the inside of the heating container 1 is substantially in an oxygen-free or lean oxygen state, and the oiling target is in a steamed state. The object to be oiled is carbonized in the heating vessel 1,
The vaporization of the fuel oil starts at 200 ° C. to 300 ° C., and the gas mainly composed of the vaporized fuel oil is cooled by the cooling device 4 and collected in the collection container 5. The recovered liquid may be used as it is as fuel oil, or the fuel oil may be extracted by removing impurities by distillation or the like as necessary.

The recovered oil is high in calories, has properties close to that of kerosene between gasoline and light oil, and has flammability close to that of gasoline, and can be used for various purposes.

After the fuel oil has been recovered, the calcium compound remaining in the heating vessel 1 can be recovered and reused.

The heating rate until reaching the set temperature in the heating vessel 1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 10 ° C. /
Min, more preferably 1-3 ° C / min. It is preferable to set the heating rate within such a range, since it is possible to prevent the distilling fuel oil from becoming a paste, particularly when the mixing amount of water is small.

The set temperature in the heating vessel 1 varies depending on the oiling target to be treated, but is preferably from 200 to 400 ° C. Heating may be performed until the recovery of the fuel oil stops, and generally ranges from 2 hours to 4 hours, depending on the object to be treated. Furthermore, in the present invention, it is not necessary to adjust the pressure in the heating vessel 1 in particular, and it is possible to convert the oil into almost oil at almost normal pressure.

The object to be oiled according to the present invention contains at least one of plastics, tires, and kitchen waste, and when it is a waste, it is preferable because the resources can be effectively used.

Examples of the plastic contained in the object to be oiled include a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, and a foam thereof.

Examples of the thermoplastic resin include vinyl resins such as polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyolefin resins, and polyethylene terephthalate. Examples of the polyolefin resins include polyethylene and polypropylene. As thermosetting resin,
For example, phenol resin, urea, melamine resin and the like can be mentioned. Among them, vinyl resins are preferable in terms of yield, and polyolefin resins are more preferable.

Examples of kitchen waste contained in the object to be oiled include grease traps, pits and the like having a high oil content.

The higher the content of plastics, tires, and garbage in the object to be liquefied, the more desirable it is. It is preferable to select only plastics, only tires, only garbage, or only a mixture thereof, and more preferably only plastics. Although preferred, in the present invention, other foreign substances, for example, papers such as corrugated paper, advertising paper, and newspaper may be mixed. The amount of foreign matter mixed varies depending on the oiling target, but is preferably 0 to 50% by weight, more preferably 0 to 5% by weight, based on the oiling target.

The pulverized product used in the present invention is, for example, scallops,
It is a crushed product of shells such as clams, a crushed product of coral carcasses, and a crushed product of stalactites, and may be a mixture thereof. Among these, especially the crushed shells are waste themselves,
Since it is a waste product, its use is low in cost and high in yield.

The mixing amount of the pulverized product is preferably from 10 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 50% by weight, and still more preferably from 10 to 20% by weight, based on the yield.

The mixing amount of water is 1 to 25 with respect to the oily substance.
% By weight, more preferably 1 to 15% by weight. When the amount of water is 1% by weight or more, the fuel oil hardly becomes a paste, and when the amount is 25% by weight or less, it is preferable from the viewpoint of processing time. In addition, when the object to be oiled contains moisture,
Water need not be positively mixed, and in this case, continuous operation of oiling treatment is possible, which is preferable.

[0024]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples.

The evaluation method used in the examples is as follows.

(1) Heat value The heat value was measured according to JIS K2279.

(2) Specific Gravity A value at 15 ° C./4° C. was measured by a specific gravity bin method.

(3) Flash point Measured according to JIS K2265-7.

(4) Sulfur content Measured according to JIS K2541.

(Example 1) Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, oiling was performed. Clam shells are pulverized with a hammer, 12.5 g of the pulverized material and 25 ml of water are mixed in a beaker, and 60 g of an object to be oiled (a mixture of 95% by weight of polyethylene, 3% by weight of newsprint and 2% by weight of wood chips) is added thereto After that, the beaker was sealed with a rubber stopper. While monitoring the temperature inside the beaker with a thermometer, set the temperature to 370 ° C using a gas burner.
The beaker was heated at a heating time of 1.7 ° C./min. First, the distilled water was collected in an Erlenmeyer flask, and after the distilling of the water was completed, the Erlenmeyer flask was replaced. Thereafter, the distilled fuel oil was collected.

The recovered fuel oil was 55 ml (yield 72
%), A calorific value of 11060 cal / g, and a flash point of 13
° C, sulfur content 0.03%, specific gravity 0.793.

(Examples 2 to 15, Comparative Examples 1 and 2) Under the conditions shown in Table 1, fuel oil was recovered in the same manner as in Example 1.
Table 2 shows the properties of the recovered fuel oil. Example 2
FIG. 2 shows the temperature change of No. 4. The evaluation was not performed because the fuel oil obtained in Comparative Example 1 was in the form of a paste.

[0033]

[Table 1]

[0034]

[Table 2]

[0035]

As described above, according to the present invention, a high-yield fuel oil can be obtained from a liquefied object containing at least one of plastics, tires, and garbage, particularly from plastic waste, with a simple device. Can be collected by conventional incineration,
It is possible to recycle industrial waste that has been landfilled and general waste from households.

In addition, when a crushed shell is used as the crushed material, the cost is further reduced because the shell itself is a waste.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an apparatus for performing an oiling method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing heating conditions of Examples 2 to 4.

Claims (7)

[Claims] An oiled object containing at least one of plastic, tire, and kitchen waste is mixed with water and at least one crushed material selected from the group consisting of shells, coral carcasses, and stalactites, and sealed. An oiling method comprising recovering fuel oil from an object to be oiled by heating in a container. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is raised to a set temperature at 1 to 10 ° C./min. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the set temperature is 200 to 400 ° C. 4. The mixing amount of the pulverized material is 10 to the object to be oiled.
The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the amount is from 100 to 100% by weight. 5. The amount of water to be mixed is 1 to 25 with respect to the oily substance.
The method according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the amount is% by weight. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the object to be oiled is plastic. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the object to be oiled is waste.