JPH11125823A - Liquid crystal alignment layer, its production, liquid crystal display device using the same and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method capable of efficiently and uniformly providing a liquid crystal alignment layer to be used for a liquid crystal display panel in such a manner that the film has high thermal stability in the alignment, that the thickness of the film is extremely thin on the nano meter level and that the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is controlled by the polymn. direction of a material which constitutes the film and to provide a producing method of a display element by using this film. SOLUTION: A substrate 1 forming an electrode is brought into contact with a soln. containing a chlorosilane compd. contg. carbon chains and contg. a diacetylene group and Si in the terminal or a part of the carbon chains so as to allow the chlorosilane compd. to chemically react with the substrate surface and to bond and fix the compd. to the substrate surface. The compd. is irradiated with light so that the functional groups are polymerized along the specified direction to form a liquid crystal alignment layer which does not require rubbing. The functional groups are aligned in the drawing direction 5 from a cleaning liquid.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment film, a method of manufacturing the same, a liquid crystal display device using the same, and a method of manufacturing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment film used for a flat display panel using a liquid crystal for displaying a television (TV) image, a computer image, and the like, a method for manufacturing the same, a liquid crystal display device using the same, and a method for manufacturing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The present inventors have already proposed that a liquid crystal light distribution film in which a liquid crystal is oriented along a polarization direction when a polarized light is irradiated on a chemically adsorbed monomolecular film can be prepared (Japanese Patent Application No. 8-224).
No. 219).

Further, a color liquid crystal display panel has a rubbed liquid crystal alignment film formed by spin-coating a polyvinyl alcohol or polyimide resin solution with a spinner or the like between two substrates having opposed electrodes arranged in a matrix. A device in which a liquid crystal is sealed via a liquid crystal display is generally used.

For example, a thin-film transistor (TFT) array having pixel electrodes on a first glass substrate and a plurality of red-blue-green color filters are formed on a second glass substrate. A common transparent electrode is formed on the surface, and a polyvinyl alcohol or polyimide solution is applied to each electrode surface using a spinner to form a film, then rubbed to form a liquid crystal alignment film, and optionally via a spacer. Liquid crystal (twisted nematic (TN), etc.)
Is injected to form a panel structure, polarizing plates are installed on the front and back of the panel, and T
A device that operates an FT to display a color image is known.

[0005]

However, conventional monomolecular films do not contain a photosensitive group having photosensitivity in the ultraviolet region (in the present invention, a photopolymerizable functional group). Are re-orientated to exhibit an alignment effect. However, since the irradiated films are merely lined up and not cross-linked, there has been a serious problem that high-temperature heating deteriorates the alignment stability.

[0006] In the conventional method of forming an alignment film using a rubbing method, polyvinyl alcohol or polyimide resin is dissolved in an organic solvent, a coating film is formed using a spin coater or the like, and rubbing is performed using a felt cloth or the like. Because of the method used, it is difficult to make the film thickness uniform over the entire surface, and there is a limit to reducing the film thickness. There was a big problem such as an increase in driving voltage and driving voltage.

[0007] The present invention is directed to an alignment film used in a liquid crystal display panel to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems.
A method capable of providing a highly efficient and uniform liquid crystal alignment film in which the alignment thermal stability is high, the thickness is extremely thin at the nanometer level, and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is controlled by the polymerization direction of the material constituting the film, and It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a display element using the same.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is a monomolecular film formed on a substrate surface on which a desired electrode is formed. The constituent material is photopolymerized along a predetermined direction.

In the liquid crystal alignment film, the photopolymerized film is preferably a film containing a molecule derived from the group represented by the formula (1). Further, in the liquid crystal alignment film, the photopolymerization is performed according to the formula (Chem.
Wherein A represents a divalent functional group), and preferably forms a substance containing a chemical bond unit represented by the formula (1), and the substance is fixed to a substrate. That is, it is convenient to orient the liquid crystal when photopolymerized at the group represented by the formula (Formula 1). Particularly, the effect of aligning the twisted nematic liquid crystal is large.

Next, in the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film according to the present invention, a substrate having electrodes formed thereon is treated with a substance having at least a group represented by the above formula (1) and a —SiX (X is a halogen) group. Contacting the substrate with a solution containing the substance to cause a chemical reaction between the substance and the surface of the substrate to bond and fix the substance to the surface of the substrate. And b) polymerizing the group along a specific direction.

[0011] In the above method, after the step of binding and fixing, a washing step of removing substances that are not bound and fixed, and a step of draining liquid adhering to the substrate in a desired direction are added, and then a step of polymerizing is performed. Is preferred.

In the method, it is preferable that the draining is performed by pulling the substrate upward from a liquid in which the substrate has been previously immersed, while holding the substrate surface in a direction perpendicular to the liquid surface. . This is because molecules are oriented in a certain direction.

In the above method, it is preferable that the light irradiation is performed through a polarizing substrate or a transparent substrate whose surface is rubbed. Further, in the above method, light irradiation is performed by exposing a polarizing substrate or a transparent substrate whose surface is rubbed with a patterned mask, and providing a plurality of portions having different patterned orientation directions in the plane. Is preferred.

In the above method, the solution preferably contains a solvent comprising a molecule containing an alkyl group, a carbon fluoride group, a carbon chloride group or a siloxane group. In the above method, the light irradiation preferably uses ultraviolet rays.

Next, in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the liquid crystal alignment film, in which the material constituting the film is photopolymerized in a predetermined direction and is in the form of a monomolecular film, is formed on two opposing substrates on which electrodes are formed. The liquid crystal is formed directly or indirectly via another coating on the electrode side surface of at least one of the substrates, and the liquid crystal is sandwiched between the electrodes via the alignment film.

In the above-mentioned apparatus, the alignment film is composed of a functional group formed by photopolymerization of the group represented by the above formula (Formula 1) and S
Preferably, i is included. Further, in the above-mentioned device, it is preferable that each of the electrodes is formed as a film having a functional group formed by photopolymerization of a group represented by the above formula (Formula 1) as an alignment film.

Further, in the above device, it is preferable that the electrodes are formed only on one surface of the substrate. Further, in the above apparatus, it is preferable that the coating film includes a plurality of portions having different pattern-like orientation directions.

Next, a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention is as follows.
Directly or after forming an arbitrary thin film on a first substrate having a first electrode group mounted in a matrix, at least a group represented by the above formula (Formula 1) and -Si
A step of contacting with a solution containing a substance having an X (where X is a halogen) group to chemically react the substance in the solution with the surface of the substrate to bond and fix the substance to the surface of the substrate; Erecting the substrate in a desired direction and draining the liquid to pre-orient the fixed substance; and irradiating light to polymerize the group represented by the formula (Formula 1) in a specific direction. And positioning the first substrate and the second substrate having the first electrode group or the second electrode or the second substrate having the electrode group while keeping a predetermined gap with the electrode surface inside. Bonding and bonding, the first and second
And injecting a predetermined liquid crystal between the substrates.

In the above method, the step of irradiating light may include performing a step of exposing a polarizing plate with a patterned mask, and providing a plurality of portions having different patterned orientations in the same plane on the alignment film. preferable.

In the manufacturing method of the present invention, after the step of binding and fixing the material to the surface of the substrate, the substrate is washed with an organic solvent, the substrate is set up in a desired direction, and the liquid is drained to perform primary alignment. After that, when a step of irradiating light to polymerize the functional groups in a specific direction is performed, a monomolecular liquid crystal alignment film having a more stable alignment action can be provided.

Further, when the light irradiation is performed through a polarizing plate or a transparent plate whose surface is rubbed, it is convenient for photopolymerizing a substance constituting a monomolecular film along the polarization direction or the rubbing direction.

Further, a step of superposing a pattern mask on a polarizing plate or a transparent plate whose surface has been rubbed at the time of light irradiation and performing exposure is performed, and a plurality of portions having different pattern orientations are provided in the same plane of the alignment film. It becomes possible.

At this time, as the non-aqueous organic solvent for preparing the chemical adsorption solution, a solvent containing an alkyl group, a carbon fluoride group, a carbon chloride group or a siloxane group is convenient for controlling the reaction.

Further, it is preferable that the light irradiation uses ultraviolet rays. In addition, when the coating is formed as an alignment film on the surface of the substrate on which the two electrodes facing each other are formed, a liquid crystal display device having more excellent alignment stability can be obtained.

Further, in the step of irradiating light, a step of superposing a pattern-shaped mask on the polarizing plate and exposing is performed.
A liquid crystal display device having a wide display visual field characteristic can be provided by forming a plurality of portions having different pattern-shaped alignment directions in a coating film in an alignment film in the same plane corresponding to each pixel on the substrate surface. The opposing electrodes are formed on the surface of one of the substrates, that is, the rubbing is not required for an in-plane (IPS) type liquid crystal display device, which is extremely effective.

[0026]

In the present invention, at least a substrate on which an electrode is formed is contacted with a solution containing at least a substance having a group represented by the above formula (1) and a -SiX (X is a halogen) group. Causing the substance and the substrate surface to chemically react with each other to bond and fix the substance to the substrate surface; and irradiating the substrate to which the substance is fixed and fixed with light to be represented by the formula (Formula 1). A step of polymerizing the group in a specific direction, thereby forming a monomolecular film-like coating formed on the surface of the substrate on which the desired electrode is formed, wherein the material constituting the monomolecular film is formed in a predetermined direction. Provided is a liquid crystal alignment film having a liquid crystal alignment regulating force in a predetermined direction characterized by being photopolymerized.

Further, the first substrate having the first electrode group mounted in a matrix in advance is formed directly or after forming an arbitrary thin film, and then the carbon nanotubes are contained in the carbon chain at the terminal or a part thereof. A step of bringing the group represented by (Chemical Formula 1) into contact with a substance containing Si and causing a chemical reaction between the substance in the solution and the substrate surface to bond and fix the substance on the substrate surface; Erecting the substrate in a desired direction, draining and pre-orienting the fixed molecules in the draining direction, and irradiating light to polymerize the functional groups along a specific direction; and The first having one electrode group
Bonding and fixing the first substrate and the second substrate, or the second substrate having the second electrode or the electrode group, while keeping a predetermined gap with the electrode surface inside. The material constituting the film is photopolymerized in a predetermined direction using a process of injecting a predetermined liquid crystal between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the two electrodes facing each other as a liquid crystal alignment film in the form of a monomolecular film. Is formed directly or indirectly via another coating on at least one of the substrates on the electrode side of the substrate surface, and the liquid crystal is sandwiched between the two opposing electrodes via the alignment film. A liquid crystal display device is provided.

[0028]

The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. (Example 1) Glass substrate 1 having a transparent electrode formed on the surface
(Including many hydroxyl groups on the surface) is prepared and thoroughly washed and degreased in advance. Next, a chlorosilane-based surfactant (hereinafter, referred to as a chlorosilane-based surfactant containing a carbon chain and containing a group represented by the formula (Formula 1) and Si at a terminal or a part of the carbon chain.
1% by weight using, for example, the following general formula (Formula 6) and a non-aqueous solvent.
It was dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent at a suitable concentration to prepare a chemisorption solution.

[0029]

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As the non-aqueous solvent, well-dehydrated hexadecane was used. The solution thus prepared was used as an adsorption solution 2, and the substrate 1 was immersed (may be coated) in the adsorption solution 2 for about 1 hour in a dry atmosphere (relative humidity 30% or less) ( (Fig. 1). Thereafter, n- is a non-aqueous solvent not containing water, which is pulled up from the liquid and well dehydrated.
After washing with hexane 3, the substrate was pulled up from the cleaning solution in a state where the substrate was set in a desired direction, the cleaning solution was drained, and the substrate was exposed to air containing moisture (FIG. 2). In the above series of steps, the HCl removal reaction occurs between the SiCl group of the chlorosilane-based surfactant and the hydroxyl group on the surface of the substrate, and further reacts with moisture in the air to form a bond of the general formula (Formula 7). As a result, a monomolecular film was formed. This material had a photosensitive peak at 240 to 290 nm.

[0031]

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At this time, by washing the substrate with an organic solvent and further erecting the substrate in a desired direction and performing liquid drainage, there is an effect that the fixed molecules are primarily oriented in the liquid drainage direction.
By the above treatment, the chemically adsorbed monomolecular film 4 formed by the reaction of the chlorosilane-based surfactant is fixed via a siloxane bond to the portion of the substrate surface where the hydroxyl group was contained, and the bonded molecules are moved in the draining direction. And was formed to a film thickness of about 2 nm with a certain degree of orientation.

Thereafter, two types of substrates in this state are used, and a polarizing plate (HNP'B) 7 (manufactured by Polaroid) is set on the substrate so that the polarization direction 6 is oriented substantially parallel to the draining direction 5. 254 of a 500W ultra-high pressure mercury lamp
Irradiation was performed at 100 mJ using ultraviolet light 8 of nm (2.1 mW / cm ² after transmission through the polarizing film) (FIG. 3).

Thereafter, when the anisotropy of the adsorbed molecules was examined using FTIR, the photosensitive group was photopolymerized and the absorption of the diacetylene group was lost. Although the direction of the bond was not known, the absorption was clearly different between the polarization direction and the vertical direction. That is, this indicates that the substance constituting the monomolecular film is photopolymerized at the photosensitive group along a predetermined direction. This indicates that the reorientation as shown in FIG. 4 has occurred.

Further, using two substrates in this state, the substrates are combined so that the chemical adsorption films face each other, and set so that the polarization direction is parallel and the liquid draining direction is opposite, that is, anti-parallel. Assembling the liquid crystal cell of the gap, nematic liquid crystal (ZLI4792;
When the alignment state was confirmed by injecting (made by Merck), the injected liquid crystal molecules were oriented at a pretilt angle of about 5 ° with respect to the substrate along a direction crossing the polarization direction by 90 degrees (FIG. 5). 5, reference numeral 1 denotes a transparent electrode, and reference numeral 5 denotes a pulling direction in FIG.

From the above, it was found that the film constituent molecules had a structure as shown in FIG. 5 at first, but went through a polymerization reaction as shown in FIG. At this time, in order to align the orientation direction of the adsorbed molecules in the irradiation unit in one direction, the washing solution draining direction and the polarization direction do not completely intersect at 90 °, but rather
Preferably, it should be shifted several degrees or more. In this case, the polarization direction 13 may be adjusted so as to be at most parallel to the cleaning solution draining direction. If they cross completely at 90 °, individual molecules may be oriented in two directions.

Here, when it is desired to selectively change the alignment direction, a pattern-like mask is overlaid on the polarizing plate at the time of exposure.
When ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm is irradiated at an energy of 0 to 200 mJ, only the irradiated portion changes its alignment direction, and a portion having a different alignment direction in a pattern in an alignment film in the same plane, that is, the cleaning solution draining direction 5 and the polarization direction. A plurality of portions where the liquid crystal was oriented along each of the directions 13 could be provided. Furthermore, when a step of exposing a desired mask to a polarizing plate and performing exposure under the same conditions was performed a plurality of times, a plurality of monomolecular liquid crystal alignment films having different alignment directions could be formed very easily in a pattern. That is, a liquid crystal display device in which one picture element is multi-domain aligned was provided.

In this embodiment, a hydrocarbon-based n-hexane containing an alkyl group was used as a solvent not containing water for washing, but other than this, a surfactant containing no water was dissolved. Any solvent can be used.
For example, in addition to this, a solvent containing a fluorocarbon group, a carbon chloride group, or a siloxane group, for example, Freon 113, chloroform, hexamethyldisiloxane, or the like could be used.

In this embodiment, the above-mentioned formula (Chem.
In the liquid crystal alignment film containing the chemical bond unit represented by 5), the alignment effect especially on the twisted nematic liquid crystal was high.

At this time, a solvent containing an alkyl group, a carbon fluoride group, a carbon chloride group, or a siloxane group could be used as the non-aqueous organic solvent for preparing the chemical adsorption solution. (Example 2) In Example 1, a chlorosilane-based surfactant containing Si and a group represented by the above formula (Formula 1) which is a photosensitive functional group is represented by the following Formula (Formula 8). Using a substance, an acrylic plate rubbed with 0.3 μm abrasive grains was placed on the substrate and set, and a 254 nm deep ultraviolet light of a 500 W ultra-high pressure mercury lamp (2.1 m after passing through the acrylic plate)
W / cm ² ), and the same experiment was conducted except that irradiation was performed at 80 mJ. This material has a photosensitive peak at 240-280 nm.

[0041]

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Further, two substrates in this state are used and combined so that the chemical adsorption films face each other, and set so that the rubbing direction is parallel and the liquid draining direction is opposite, that is, anti-parallel, and 20 μm is set. Assembling the liquid crystal cell of the gap, nematic liquid crystal (ZLI479)
2; manufactured by Merck & Co., Ltd.), and the alignment state was confirmed. The injected liquid crystal molecules were oriented at a pretilt angle of about 3 ° with respect to the substrate along a direction crossing the rubbing direction at 90 degrees.

In addition, as substances capable of forming a film in the same manner as the above substances, the following formulas (Chemical Formulas 9 to 10) (where n is an integer of 1 to 25, R is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or phenyl And Ar represents a functional group containing a heterocyclic ring).

[0044]

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[0045]

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More specifically, the following formula (Formula 11) (this substance has a photosensitive peak at 250 to 300 nm), and the following formula (Formula 12) (this substance has a photosensitive peak at 240 to 290 nm) , The following formula (Chemical Formula 13)
There is a photosensitive peak at 0 to 280 nm. ), The following formula (Formula 1)
4) (this substance has a photosensitive peak at 240 to 310 nm).

[0047]

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[0048]

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[0049]

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[0050]

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These compounds could be applied in the same manner, although the exposure amount was different. (Embodiment 3) Next, a manufacturing process in the case where a liquid crystal display device is actually manufactured by using the liquid crystal alignment film will be described with reference to FIG.

First, as shown in FIG. 7, on a first substrate 23 having a first electrode group 21 mounted in a matrix and a transistor group 22 for driving this electrode, and a first electrode group, According to the same procedure as in Example 1, the prepared chemisorption solution was applied on the second substrate 26 having the color filter group 24 and the second electrode 25 placed so as to face each other, and the same chemisorption unit was applied. A molecular film was prepared.

As a result, a liquid crystal alignment film 27 realigned along the electrode pattern as in Example 1 was produced. Next, the first and second substrates 23 and 26 were aligned so that the electrodes faced each other, and a 90 ° twist-oriented cell was formed with a spacer 28 and an adhesive 29 at a gap of about 5 μm. Then, after injecting the TN liquid crystal (ZLI4792; manufactured by Merck) 30 into the first and second substrates,
The display element was completed by combining the polarizing plates 31 and 32.
At this time, the pretilt angle of the injected liquid crystal was 5 degrees.

In such a device, an image can be displayed in the direction of arrow A by driving each transistor using a video signal while illuminating the entire surface with the backlight 33. (Embodiment 4) After forming the monomolecular film in Embodiment 3, the respective pixels are formed in a checkered pattern on the polarizing plate under the same conditions as in Embodiment 1.
The step of superposing and exposing the pattern-shaped mask to be divided is 1
By performing the above operations, four portions having different alignment directions can be provided in a pattern in the same pixel. When the substrate on which the alignment film was formed was used, the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device could be greatly improved.

Here, if the above-mentioned films were formed as alignment films on the surface of the substrate on which the two electrodes facing each other were formed, a liquid crystal display device having further excellent alignment stability was obtained.

Also, rubbing is not required for an in-plane (IPS) liquid crystal display device in which opposing electrodes are formed on the surface of one substrate, which is extremely effective.

In the first embodiment, the light of 254 nm from the ultra-high pressure mercury lamp is used as the light for exposure. However, 436 nm, 405 nm,
248 obtained by 365 nm or KrF excimer laser
It is also possible to use light of nm. In particular, 248 nm
And light of 254 nm are easily absorbed by most substances, so that the energy alignment efficiency is high.

As the chemisorbed substance, a substance containing an alkoxysilane group or an isocyanatesilane group instead of a substance containing a chlorosilane group could be used. Also in this case, a highly oriented film was obtained.

[0059]

As described above, according to the present invention, the alignment direction of the injected liquid crystal is controlled by photopolymerization irradiation using far ultraviolet rays or ultraviolet rays, and is much more uniform and thinner than the conventional one. The pretilt angle is controlled by the composition of the photopolymerized monomolecular film, so that an alignment film having high thermal stability can be provided without rubbing.

In addition, after the monomolecular film forming step, if a step of overlapping a pattern mask on a polarizing plate and performing exposure is performed a plurality of times, a plurality of portions of the alignment film in the same plane that differ only in the pattern alignment direction are formed. A multi-domain liquid crystal display device in which the alignment of individual pixels is divided into a plurality of types, which has been difficult with conventional rubbing, can be efficiently and rationally manufactured.

Further, since such an alignment film is firmly bonded to the substrate surface via a covalent bond, it is possible to provide an extremely highly reliable liquid crystal display device.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining a chemical adsorption step used for producing a monomolecular liquid crystal alignment film in Example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining a cleaning step for producing a monomolecular liquid crystal alignment film.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing that a monomolecular liquid crystal alignment film is subjected to light exposure processing.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of an exposure step used to reorient molecules adsorbed by light exposure.

FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a molecular alignment state in a monomolecular liquid crystal alignment film after photo alignment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a polymerization reaction.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining the production of a liquid crystal display device in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Substrate 2 Chemical adsorption liquid 3 Non-aqueous solvent for cleaning 4 Primary-oriented chemically adsorbed monomolecular film 5 Pull-up direction from cleaning liquid 6 Polarization direction 7 Polarizing plate 8 Irradiation light 9 Re-oriented monomolecular film 10 Transparent electrode 11 Transparent electrode 21 First electrode group 22 Transistor group 23 First substrate 24 Color filter group 25 Second electrode 26 Second substrate 27 Liquid crystal alignment film 28 Spacer 29 Adhesive 30 Liquid crystal 31, 32 Polarizing plate 33 Backlight

Claims (17)

[Claims] 1. A monomolecular film-like coating formed on a substrate surface on which a desired electrode is formed, wherein a material constituting the monomolecular film is photopolymerized in a predetermined direction. Liquid crystal alignment film. 2. The liquid crystal alignment film according to claim 1, wherein the photopolymerized film is a film containing a molecule derived from a group represented by the following formula (Formula 1). Embedded image 3. Photopolymerization forms a substance containing a chemical bond unit represented by the following formula (Chemical formulas 2 to 5), wherein A represents a divalent functional group; The liquid crystal alignment film according to claim 1, wherein the substance is fixed to a substrate. Embedded image Embedded image Embedded image Embedded image 4. A substrate on which an electrode is formed is brought into contact with a solution containing a substance having at least a group represented by the above formula (1) and a —SiX (X is a halogen) group, and the substance and the substrate surface are brought into contact with each other. And chemically fixing the substance to the surface of the substrate, and irradiating the substrate to which the substance is fixed with light to polymerize the group of formula (1) in a specific direction. And a process for producing a liquid crystal alignment film. 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising, after the step of bonding and fixing, a washing step of removing a substance that is not bonded and fixed, and a step of draining a liquid adhering to the substrate in a desired direction, followed by a step of polymerizing. The method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film according to the above. 6. The liquid draining is performed by lifting the substrate upward from a liquid in which the substrate has been previously immersed, while holding the substrate surface in a direction perpendicular to the liquid surface.
3. The method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film according to item 1. 7. The method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film according to claim 4, wherein the light irradiation is performed via a polarizing substrate or a transparent substrate whose surface is rubbed. 8. A method of irradiating light by performing a process of exposing a polarizing substrate or a transparent substrate having a rubbed surface with a patterned mask, and providing a plurality of portions having different patterned orientation directions in a plane. Item 5. The method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film according to Item 4. 9. The method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film according to claim 4, wherein the solution contains a solvent comprising a molecule containing an alkyl group, a carbon fluoride group, a carbon chloride group or a siloxane group. 10. The method according to claim 4, wherein the light irradiation uses ultraviolet rays.
3. The method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film according to item 1. 11. A liquid crystal alignment film, in which a substance constituting a film is photopolymerized in a predetermined direction and is in a monomolecular film form, is formed on an electrode of at least one of two opposing substrate surfaces on which electrodes are formed. A liquid crystal display device which is formed directly or indirectly on a side surface via another coating, and wherein a liquid crystal is sandwiched between the electrodes via the alignment film. 12. The alignment film according to claim 11, wherein the group represented by the formula (Formula 1) contains a functional group formed by photopolymerization and Si.
3. The liquid crystal display device according to 1. 13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein each of the electrodes is formed as an alignment film having a functional group formed by photopolymerization of a group represented by the formula (Formula 1). 14. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein the electrodes are formed only on one substrate surface. 15. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein the coating includes a plurality of portions having different pattern-shaped alignment directions. 16. A direct or arbitrary thin film is formed on a first substrate having a first electrode group mounted in a matrix in advance, and at least a group represented by the above formula (1) and -SiX ( Wherein X is contacted with a solution containing a substance having a halogen) group to chemically react the substance in the solution with the substrate surface to bond and fix the substance to the substrate surface; Standing the substrate in the direction of the above, draining the liquid to pre-orient the fixed substance, and irradiating light to polymerize the group represented by the formula (Formula 1) in a specific direction; The first substrate having the first electrode group and the second substrate, or the second substrate having the second electrode or the electrode group, are aligned while keeping a predetermined gap with the electrode surface inside. Bonding and fixing,
Injecting a predetermined liquid crystal between the first and second substrates. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, in the light irradiation, a step of exposing a polarizing plate with a patterned mask is performed, and a plurality of portions having different patterned orientations are provided on the alignment film in the same plane. Of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device.