JPH1095979A - Liquid crystal microcapsule and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject microcapsule free from pinhole, capable of developing good dispersibility and sharp particle diameter distribution and useful for reflection type display by dispersing a specific hydrophilic substance into liquid crystal drops consisting essentially of a fluorine-based liquid crystal. SOLUTION: This microcapsule comprises (A) liquid crystal drops consisting essentially of a fluorine-based liquid crystal (A1 ) and (B) a solid film covering the circumference of the component A, and a polymerizable substance (A2 ) having a hydrophilic group such as OH, carboxylic ester, carboxyl or cyano and becoming a raw material for the component B and as necessary, a dichroic dye (A3 ) is dispersed in the component A. The capsule is obtained by extruding, e.g. a mixed solution obtained by mixing, e.g. components A1 with A2 and as necessary, further component A3 through a porous material into a liquid such as water, subjecting the component A2 to polymerization reaction and forming a film on the surface of droplet.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal microcapsule used for a liquid crystal display device and a method for manufacturing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Many liquid crystal display devices have been proposed as displays for information devices. Currently for personal computers and word processors, Twis
Ted Nematic (TN mode JP-A-47-11737) and Super Twisted Nematic (STN mode JP-A-60-107020) have been put to practical use.
However, in these display modes, a polarizing plate must be used, and the light use efficiency cannot theoretically exceed 50%. In these display modes, a color filter must be used to perform color display, which further reduces the light use efficiency.

In portable terminals, which have been increasing in demand in recent years, power consumption must be minimized in order to be driven by batteries. In the TN mode and the STN mode, the light use efficiency is low and a backlight needs to be used, so that the power consumption increases and the device is not suitable for a portable terminal. Therefore, a reflection type liquid crystal display element which does not require a backlight is expected.

A display mode in which a guest / host liquid crystal is microencapsulated (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
No. 144885). However, this display mode has a high driving voltage at present, and has not been put to practical use. This is because the particle diameter of the microcapsules is not uniform and the voltage holding characteristics are poor. In addition, mechanical strength and thermal strength are required in the process of assembling the liquid crystal cell, but a strong liquid crystal microcapsule without pinholes has not been obtained at present.

As a method for producing microcapsules having a relatively uniform particle size and in which pinholes are hardly formed, a membrane emulsification method (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-212270) is known. However, for the fluorine-based liquid crystal that is often used now,
There is a problem that the particle size distribution is still wide because the hydrophobicity is too strong. In addition, the dispersibility of the microcapsules is poor, and a large amount of a surfactant is required to enhance the dispersibility. Therefore, there is a problem that the voltage holding ratio decreases and the mechanical and thermal resistance decreases.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal microcapsule suitable for a low power consumption reflective display such as OA equipment and portable terminals, and a method of manufacturing the same. With the goal. Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal microcapsule having good dispersibility, uniform particle size distribution and no pinholes, and a method for producing the same.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention (Claim 1) comprises a liquid crystal droplet containing a fluorine-based liquid crystal as a main component, and a solid film surrounding the liquid crystal droplet. In addition, the present invention provides a liquid crystal microcapsule, wherein a substance having a hydrophilic group and capable of being polymerized and serving as a raw material of the solid film is dispersed in the liquid crystal droplet.

In the present invention (claim 2), the polymer compound is a polymer of a monomer having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, and the hydrophilic group is a hydroxyl group, a carboxylate group, a carboxyl group, a cyano group. 2. The liquid crystal microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal microcapsule is at least one of a group, an acyl group, a carbonate group, an amide group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, and a urethane group.

In the present invention (claim 3), the polymer compound is preferably at least one of an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a urea resin, a melamine resin, a phenol resin and a furan resin.
3. The liquid crystal microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal microcapsule is provided.

The present invention (claim 4) provides a liquid crystal microcapsule according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein a dichroic dye is dispersed in the liquid crystal droplets. Further, the present invention (claim 5) includes a step of extruding a mixed liquid of a fluorine-based liquid crystal and a substance having a hydrophilic group and capable of performing a polymerization reaction through a porous membrane into the liquid to form droplets, and polymerizing the substance. Reacting to form a film on the surface of the droplet.

The present invention (claim 6) provides the method for producing liquid crystal microcapsules according to claim 5, wherein the liquid is water. Further, according to the present invention (claim 7), the substance has a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, and the hydrophilic group is a hydroxyl group, a carboxylate group, a carboxyl group, a cyano group, an acyl group, a carbonate group, an amide group. 7. The method for producing a liquid crystal microcapsule according to claim 5, wherein the method is at least one of a group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, and a urethane group.

[0012] Further, the present invention (claim 8) provides that
The method for producing a liquid crystal microcapsule according to claim 5, 6 or 7, which is at least one of a prepolymer of an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a urea resin, a melamine resin, a phenol resin, and a furan resin.

The present invention (claim 9) provides the method for producing liquid crystal microcapsules according to claim 5, 6, 7 or 8, wherein a dichroic dye is dispersed in the liquid crystal. provide.

According to the present invention (Claim 10), the surface of the porous film which is in contact with the liquid is hydrophilic. A method for producing a capsule is provided. The present invention (Claim 1)
1) a step of applying a pressure to a liquid mixture of a liquid crystal and a substance capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction to extrude the liquid through a porous film into a liquid, and forming a droplet on the surface of the droplet by causing a polymerization reaction of the substance. Forming a liquid crystal microcapsule, the method comprising: fluctuating the pressure.

[0015]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Fluorine-based liquid crystal has a high resistance and is suitable for active matrix driving using a thin film transistor or the like. However, because of its extremely high hydrophobicity, it was necessary to add a large amount of a surfactant to the dispersion of the liquid crystal microcapsules in order to stabilize the dispersion state. However, surfactants generally have an ionic property, so that when a liquid crystal microcapsule is formed, the voltage holding characteristics are adversely affected. Also, the mechanical heat resistance decreases.

Further, since the fluorine-based liquid crystal has extremely high hydrophobicity, the liquid crystal passes through the porous glass by a film emulsification method,
When it comes into contact with water, the liquid crystal droplets are poorly cut and the particle diameter of the liquid crystal droplets becomes non-uniform.

In the present invention, a polymer compound having a hydrophilic group is used for the film of the microcapsule. for that reason,
The affinity with water increases, the dispersibility improves, and the amount of surfactant used can be reduced.

When the microcapsules are prepared by the film emulsification method, when the fluorine-based liquid crystal comes into contact with water, the polymer substance or its raw material collects at the interface between the liquid crystal and water. At this time, the hydrophilic group increases the affinity between the fluorinated liquid crystal and water, so that the liquid crystal droplets are cut well and the particle diameter becomes uniform.

The high molecular compound having a hydrophilic group is a carbon compound.
A polymer of a monomer having a carbon unsaturated bond, wherein the hydrophilic group includes a hydroxyl group, a carboxylate group, a carboxyl group, a cyano group, an acyl group, a carbonate group, an amide group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, and a urethane group. It is preferable to contain at least one hydrophilic group selected from

The high molecular compound is an epoxy resin,
The surface of the porous film, which is preferably a urethane resin, a urea resin, a melamine resin, a phenol resin, or a furan resin, is preferably hydrophilic so that the liquid crystal droplet is easily cut. Further, porous glass is preferable as the porous film. Further, when a dichroic dye is contained in the liquid crystal, the dichroic dye has a polar group, so that there is an effect that the cut of the liquid crystal droplet is improved. Examples of the fluorine-based liquid crystal substance used in the present invention include various liquid crystal compounds represented by the following structural formulas (1) to (10) alone and a composition in which these are mixed.

[0021]

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[0022]

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[0023]

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[0024]

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[0025]

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[0026]

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[0027]

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[0028]

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[0029]

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[0030]

Embedded image Wherein R ′ is an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylphenyl group, an alkoxyalkylphenyl group, an alkoxyphenyl group, an alkylcyclohexyl group, an alkoxyalkylcyclohexyl group, an alkylcyclohexylphenyl group, a cyanophenyl group, a cyano group, a halogen atom,
Fluoromethyl group, filolomethoxy group, alkylphenylalkyl group, alkoxyalkylphenylalkyl group, alkoxyalkylcyclohexylalkyl group,
Alkylcyclohexylalkyl group, alkoxyalkoxycyclohexylalkyl group, alkoxyphenylalkyl group, alkylcyclohexylphenylalkyl group, X represents a fluorine atom, fluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, fluoromethoxy group, difluoromethoxy group, Y represents a trifluoromethoxy group, Y represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and these alkyl chains and alkoxy chains may have an optically active center. Further, the phenyl group or phenoxy group in R ′ may be substituted with a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom. Further, one phenyl group in each formula is used.
And may be substituted with halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms and chlorine atoms. All of the liquid crystal compounds in the formula have a positive dielectric anisotropy, but a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is mixed with a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy to form a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy as a whole. Can be used. In the present invention, the pressure applied when the liquid crystal substance is extruded into the liquid through the porous film is varied. At high pressure, a large amount of liquid crystal material can be injected into the liquid, and liquid crystal droplets (liquid crystal dispersion)
Can be formed in a large amount in a short time, but the size of the liquid crystal droplet becomes large and the particle size distribution becomes wide. On the other hand, when the pressure is low, the particle size distribution of the liquid crystal droplets can be narrowed to some extent, but the time required to prepare the liquid crystal dispersion liquid becomes longer, and the size of the liquid crystal droplets becomes smaller. In the present invention, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal droplet having a required size with a narrow particle size distribution by changing the pressure applied during the preparation of the liquid crystal droplet. The details are shown below.

As shown in FIG. 1A, a liquid crystal substance 2 is extruded into water 3 from a fine hole in a porous glass 1. FIG.
As shown in (B), the water 3 flows from the left, and the liquid crystal material flows as droplets. In this step, in the case of (A), a high pressure is applied for a certain period of time to extrude the liquid crystal material to form a liquid crystal droplet of a certain size. Next, when the pressure is reduced in the case of (B), the liquid crystal droplets are easily broken by the action of the water flow. By pulsing the timing of increasing or decreasing the pressure, liquid crystal microcapsules having a uniform particle size can be formed.

The liquid crystal substance used in this method includes:
Fluorine-based liquid crystal, cyano-based liquid crystal, ester-based liquid crystal, and the like. In this case, since the cyano-based liquid crystal and the ester-based liquid crystal have a hydrophilic group in the liquid crystal itself, the liquid crystal droplets are easily broken in water, and the particle diameter tends to be uniform. On the other hand, since the fluorine-based liquid crystal has high hydrophobicity, the cutting is slightly deteriorated. It is preferable to include a monomer having a hydrophilic group, a prepolymer, or a dichroic dye in order to improve the cutting performance. Examples of these liquid crystal substances include various liquid crystal compounds represented by the above-mentioned structural formulas (1) to (10) alone and a mixture thereof.

In order to form a color liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal microcapsules according to the present invention, a dichroic dye can be included in the liquid crystal. In this case, it is necessary to use a dichroic dye that dissolves in the liquid crystal material and does not dissolve or adsorb much in the polymer film. When a dichroic dye is contained, the method of selecting the refractive index between the transparent film and the liquid crystal substance can be changed depending on the purpose. For example, a liquid crystal substance having a large refractive index anisotropy can be selected in order to increase contrast by utilizing light scattering. On the other hand, when a liquid crystal material having a small refractive index anisotropy and close to the refractive index of the polymer film is used, the original color of the dichroic dye can be obtained.

The dichroic dye molecules used in the present invention include, for example, yellow dyes represented by the following formulas (11) to (19), magenta dyes represented by the following formulas (20) to (27), and the following formula (28) (31) can be used.

[0035]

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[0036]

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[0037]

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[0038]

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[0039]

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[0040]

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[0041]

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[0042]

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In the present invention, the weight ratio to the liquid crystal substance is
0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight
The dichroic dye of not less than 5% by weight and not more than 5% by weight can be mixed in the liquid crystal. In this case, if the weight ratio is too high, coloring remains even when voltage is applied, and the contrast is reduced. If the weight ratio is too small, desired coloring cannot be achieved. A fluorescent dye may be mixed into the liquid crystal as a whitening agent for reflected light or an ultraviolet absorber.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described specifically. (Example 1) A black dichroic dye S-435 (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Co., Ltd.) was converted to a fluorine-based liquid crystal Lixon-5065xx.
80 parts by weight of a mixed solution of 1% by weight (trade name, manufactured by Chisso Corporation), 14 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate as a monomer having a hydrophilic group, 1 part by weight of divinylbenzene as a crosslinking agent, and 0 part by weight of benzoyl peroxide. .2 parts by weight were mixed and dissolved. This mixed solution was passed through a hydrophilic porous glass tube having an average pore diameter of 1 μm and extruded at a static pressure of 1.5 atm into a 0.3% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol using a membrane receiving device (manufactured by Ise Chemicals). Obtained. The emulsion (liquid crystal composition) was polymerized at 85 ° C. while stirring the mixture at 50 rpm.

After polymerization for 1 hour, the particle size distribution was examined by laser scattering. As shown in FIG. 2, liquid crystal microcapsules having an average particle size of 5 μm and a narrow particle size distribution were obtained. The dispersibility of the microcapsules was good, and no aggregation was observed even after one day.

The above liquid crystal microcapsules were applied on a glass substrate having an aluminum reflective electrode formed on the surface thereof, and dried. A glass substrate further having a transparent electrode formed on the surface thereof was placed on the dried film so that the transparent electrode was in contact with the film.
The cell sandwiched between the two substrates was placed in a polyamide bag, the inside of the bag was decompressed, and heated and adhered at 120 ° C. to produce a liquid crystal display device. Observation of this liquid crystal display element with a microscope revealed that the capsule was not broken at all. The thickness of the liquid crystal portion was 10 μm. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules was almost parallel to the substrate. This liquid crystal display element is black and 5
Applying an AC voltage of 10 V at 0 Hz turned white. The contrast ratio determined from the reflection density was 6.2.

(Comparative Example 1) Liquid crystal microcapsules were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that methyl methacrylate was used as a monomer having a hydrophilic group, but 14 parts by weight of styrene having no hydrophilic group was used. When the particle size distribution was examined by laser scattering, as shown in FIG.
At μm, the particle size distribution was wider than in Example 1 (FIG. 2). Further, the liquid crystal microcapsule dispersion liquid had poor dispersibility, and aggregation of the microcapsules was observed after standing for one day.

Example 2 Black Dichroic Dye S-435
(Trade name of Mitsui Toatsu Co., Ltd.)
8065 parts by weight of a mixture obtained by dissolving 1% by weight in 5065xx (trade name, manufactured by Chisso Corporation) was used as an epoxy resin prepolymer Epicoat R130 as a prepolymer having a hydrophilic group.
C (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Petrochemical) was mixed and dissolved in 14 parts by weight. Using a membrane receiving device (made by Ise Chemical Co., Ltd.), average pore size 1μ
The mixture was passed through a hydrophilic porous glass tube having a pressure of 1.5 atm under a static pressure of 1.5 atm. A polyamine-based curing agent Q604 was added thereto, and the mixture was fed at 50 rpm.
While stirring, the above emulsion (liquid crystal composition) was added to 8
Polymerized at 5 ° C.

After polymerization for one hour, the particle size distribution was examined by laser scattering. As shown in FIG. 4, liquid crystal microcapsules having an average particle size of 5 μm and a narrow particle size distribution were obtained. The dispersibility of the microcapsules was good, and no aggregation was observed even after one day. The liquid crystal microcapsules were applied on a glass substrate having an aluminum reflective electrode formed on the surface, and dried. A glass substrate further having a transparent electrode formed on the surface thereof was placed on the dried film so that the transparent electrode was in contact with the film. The cell sandwiched between the two substrates is placed in a polyamide bag,
The inside of the bag was decompressed and heated and adhered at 120 ° C. to produce a liquid crystal display device. Observation of this liquid crystal display element with a microscope revealed that the capsule was not broken at all. The thickness of the liquid crystal portion was 10 μm. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules was almost parallel to the substrate. This liquid crystal display element is black and 50H
Applying an AC voltage of 11 V at z turned white. The contrast ratio determined from the reflection density was 6.1.

Example 3 Black Dichroic Dye S-435
(Trade name of Mitsui Toatsu Co., Ltd.)
80 parts by weight of a mixture obtained by dissolving 1% by weight in 4033-000xx (trade name, manufactured by Chisso Corporation), 14 parts by weight of mythyl methacrylate as a monomer, 1 part by weight of divinylbenzene as a crosslinking agent, and 0.1 part by weight of benzoyl peroxide.
2 parts by weight were mixed and dissolved. This mixed solution was passed through a hydrophilic porous glass tube having an average pore diameter of 1 μm using a membrane receiving device (manufactured by Ise Chemical Co., Ltd.), and was passed through a 0.3% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol at a frequency of 1 Hz and a maximum pressure of 1.6. Atmospheric pressure and a minimum pressure of 1.2 atm were applied to obtain an extruded emulsion. The emulsion (liquid crystal composition) was polymerized at 85 ° C. while stirring the mixture at 50 rpm.

After polymerization for 1 hour, the particle size distribution was examined by laser scattering. As shown in FIG. 5, liquid crystal microcapsules having an average particle size of 6 μm and a narrow particle size distribution were obtained. The dispersibility of the microcapsules was good, and no aggregation was observed even after one day. The liquid crystal microcapsules were applied on a glass substrate having an aluminum reflective electrode formed on the surface, and dried. A glass substrate further having a transparent electrode formed on the surface thereof was placed on the dried film so that the transparent electrode was in contact with the film. The cell sandwiched between the two substrates is placed in a polyamide bag,
The inside of the bag was decompressed and heated and adhered at 120 ° C. to produce a liquid crystal display device. Observation of this liquid crystal display element with a microscope revealed that the capsule was not broken at all. The thickness of the liquid crystal portion was 10 μm. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules was almost parallel to the substrate. This liquid crystal display element is black and 50H
A white color was obtained when an AC voltage of 9 V was applied at z. The contrast ratio determined from the reflection density was 6.3. (Comparative Example 2) A maximum pressure of 1.6 at a cycle of 1 Hz of Example 3
A liquid crystal microcapsule was prepared in the same manner as above except that a static pressure of 1.6 atm was applied instead of the atmospheric pressure and the minimum pressure of 1.2 atm. When the particle size distribution was examined by laser scattering, as shown in FIG.
It was wider than.

Example 4 Black Dichroic Dye S-435
80 parts by weight of a mixture obtained by dissolving 1% by weight of a liquid crystal (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Co., Ltd.) in a nematic liquid crystal ZLI-2659 (trade name, manufactured by Merck) having a negative dielectric anisotropy, and a methyl methacrylate monomer as a monomer. 3 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight of octadecyl methacrylate monomer, and 1 part by weight of divinylbenzene as a crosslinking agent were mixed and dissolved. This mixed solution was passed through a hydrophilic porous glass tube having an average pore diameter of 1 μm using a membrane receiving device (manufactured by Ise Chemical Co., Ltd.), and 0.3 wt%
The maximum pressure of 1.6 atm and the minimum pressure of 1.2 atm were applied to the flow of the aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol at a frequency of 1 Hz to obtain an extruded emulsion. The emulsion (liquid crystal composition) was polymerized at 85 ° C. while stirring the mixture at 50 rpm.

After polymerization for 1 hour, the particle size distribution was examined by laser scattering. As shown in FIG. 7, liquid crystal microcapsules having an average particle size of 7 μm and a narrow particle size distribution were obtained. The dispersibility of the microcapsules was good, and no aggregation was observed even after one day.

The above liquid crystal microcapsules were applied on a glass substrate having an aluminum reflective electrode formed on the surface, and dried. A glass substrate further having a transparent electrode formed on the surface thereof was placed on the dried film so that the transparent electrode was in contact with the film.
The cell sandwiched between the two substrates was placed in a polyamide bag, the inside of the bag was decompressed, and heated and adhered at 120 ° C. to produce a liquid crystal display device. Observation of this liquid crystal display element with a microscope revealed that the capsule was not broken at all. The thickness of the liquid crystal portion was 10 μm. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules was almost parallel to the substrate. This liquid crystal display element is white and 5
Applying an AC voltage of 10 V at 0 Hz turned white. The contrast ratio determined from the reflection density was 5.8.

[0055]

As described above, the present invention can provide a liquid crystal microcapsule having a good dispersion state, a uniform particle size, and a high suitability for a reflection type liquid crystal display device.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a liquid crystal droplet is created while alternately switching between high pressure and low pressure

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the particle size distribution of the liquid crystal microcapsules of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a particle size distribution of a liquid crystal microcapsule of a comparative example.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the particle size distribution of the liquid crystal microcapsules of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the particle size distribution of the liquid crystal microcapsules of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a particle size distribution of a liquid crystal microcapsule of a comparative example.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the particle size distribution of the liquid crystal microcapsules of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: porous glass 2: liquid crystal 3: water

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal composition comprising: a liquid crystal droplet containing a fluorine-based liquid crystal as a main component; and a solid film covering the periphery of the liquid crystal droplet. Liquid crystal microcapsules characterized by being dispersed in liquid crystal droplets. 2. The polymer compound is a polymer of a monomer having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, wherein the hydrophilic group is a hydroxyl group, a carboxylic acid ester group, a carboxyl group, a cyano group, an acyl group, or a carbonate ester group. , Amide group, amino group,
2. The liquid crystal microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal microcapsule is at least one of an alkoxy group and a urethane group. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer compound is an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a urea resin, a melamine resin, a phenol resin,
The liquid crystal microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal microcapsule is at least one of a furan resin. 4. The liquid crystal microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein a dichroic dye is dispersed in the liquid crystal droplet. 5. A step of extruding a liquid mixture of a fluorine-based liquid crystal and a substance having a hydrophilic group and capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction through a porous membrane into a liquid to form droplets; Forming a film on the surface of the droplet. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein said liquid is water. 7. The substance has a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, and the hydrophilic group is a hydroxyl group, a carboxylate group, a carboxyl group, a cyano group, an acyl group, a carbonate group,
The method for producing a liquid crystal microcapsule according to claim 5, wherein the method is at least one of an amide group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, and a urethane group. 8. The liquid crystal according to claim 5, wherein the substance is at least one of a prepolymer of an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a urea resin, a melamine resin, a phenol resin, and a furan resin. Manufacturing method of microcapsules. 9. The method according to claim 5, wherein a dichroic dye is dispersed in the liquid crystal. 10. The surface of the porous membrane that is in contact with the liquid,
10. The method for producing a liquid crystal microcapsule according to claim 5, wherein the liquid crystal microcapsule is hydrophilic. 11. A step of applying pressure to a liquid mixture of a liquid crystal and a substance capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction, extruding the liquid through a porous membrane into the liquid, and forming a droplet; and causing the substance to undergo a polymerization reaction to form a film on the surface of the droplet. Forming a liquid crystal microcapsule, wherein the pressure is varied.