JPH1094727A - Method and device for applying heat treatment to one or more kinds of fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and device for applying heat treatment to one or more kinds of fluid flowing along a duct at least whose part is arranged in a heat vessel. SOLUTION: A duct 4 incorporates at least one of straight line lengths 5, 6, 7 extending along axis lines 25, 26, 27. In order to reduce solid particles deposited on the inner wall surface of the duct 4, a mechanical vibrator arranged outside a heat vessel is used to apply lateral vibration to the duct 4. The vibration is transmitted through an appendix 14 forming a part of a mechanical means for supporting the dust 4 or guiding it, or forming a part of a measuring instrument fixed to the duct 4. By exerting force substantially in the lateral or radial direction to the axis lines, the vibration is applied.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for heat-treating a fluid, that is, a gas or a liquid product or substance flowing in a duct.

The technical field of the present invention relates to heat treatment including heating or cooling, and heat treatment with or without a chemical reaction.

[0003]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Fluid products or materials subjected to heat treatment tend to form deposits on the inner wall of the duct through which the fluid product or material flows during processing. This phenomenon occurs, for example, during the steam cracking of hydrocarbons to produce olefins, or the cracking of 1,2-dichloroethane to produce vinyl chloride, or in heat exchange, for example in coolers.

[0004] International application no. WO92 / 11931 (N
APHTACHIME S. A. ) Indicates that one or more of the reactants are flowed through a tube located within the radiant region of the furnace, and the tube is disposed to limit the deposition of by-products such as coke on the inner wall of the tube. A method for producing a chemical product by vibrating at least a part of a chemical product is disclosed. This patent application discloses a mechanical vibration generator located inside or outside the radiant region of a furnace and connected to the tube by a mechanical link to vibrate the tube laterally at a frequency in the range of 50 to 2000 Hz. Is provided.

[0005] The international patent application discloses a radiant heat vessel with a burner, which is composed of a continuous straight section (ie, a straight length) and which is decomposed into waveforms interconnected by a bend. A furnace is described, such as a steam cracking furnace, consisting of a radiant heat vessel having a tube disposed therein, the furnace comprising a mechanical vibration generator connected to the tube by a mechanical link, the tube comprising: Is provided with an excitation means suitable for generating vibration in at least a part of the.

[0006] Patent application JP-A-59-001999
(Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) describes a sootblowing method for removing smoke deposited on the outer surface of a tubular element of a soot-save economizer and an auxiliary boiler of a ship and a soot-save economizer of a shore boiler by forcible vibration of the tubular element. ing.

[0007] Economizers consist of a plurality of rows of corrugated tubular elements supported by tubular plates and columns.

A rod is fixed at one end to one of the heating plates of the heating tube and is connected to the vibrator at the other end;
The heating tube is vibrated by activating the vibrator.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method and apparatus for heat treating a fluid flowing in a duct located in a heat vessel (such as a radiant vessel of a furnace with a burner). The purpose is to:

More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for effectively vibrating a tube or duct within a thermal vessel through which a fluid is flowing. The method and apparatus accommodate the significant thermal constraints resulting from the high temperatures obtained in thermal vessels (possibly as high as 1000 ° C. or even 1500 ° C.), and the method and apparatus are simple and reliable. It must be safe, meet safety standards and have a long service life, i.e., maintain a constant heat treatment operation and the danger of explosion if the duct breaks mechanically, and ensure sufficient strength. It must have, be reliable and safe, and at the same time be industrially implemented at low cost.

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In a first aspect, a method for solving a problem is provided wherein at least one fluid is disposed within at least a portion of a thermal vessel (for heat treating the fluid). Providing a method of vibrating the existing duct to prevent or reduce the deposition of solid particles on the inner wall of the duct, wherein lateral (or bending) vibrations are located outside the thermal vessel. Generated by a mechanical vibrator and applied to the duct; the mechanical support of the duct, or measuring means forming part of the guide means or fixed to the duct (particularly the pressure or temperature of the fluid) (Appendix) forming the measuring means for measuring the
(Or accessories or other parts projecting from the duct) through the vibrator to the duct; the lateral vibration of the straight section of the duct is substantially relative to the axis of the straight length of the duct. This is due to the lateral or radial operating force of the vibrator.

In another aspect, the invention is applied to a method of heat treating at least one fluid flowing in a duct, the duct comprising at least one linear length extending along an axis of the linear length. Wherein at least a portion of the duct is disposed in a heat vessel, wherein in this method,
A vibrator located outside the thermal vessel imparts lateral vibration to the duct to prevent or reduce the deposition of solid particles on the inner walls of the duct;
The vibrations are transmitted via an appendix that forms a part of the mechanical support or guide means of the duct or forms a measuring instrument fixed to the duct;
Vibration is then applied by actuation substantially transverse or radial to the axis.

Surprisingly, despite the fact that it is generally better not to vibrate the duct, the vibration can be applied (and transmitted) to the duct via an appendix fixed to the duct. It has been found that according to the invention an appendix, which acts as a means for measuring or monitoring the pressure or temperature of the fluid flowing in the duct, or a mechanical support of said duct, or part of a guide The appendix can be used without modification to accommodate the new function of transmitting vibration.

The appendix used can be located at any position along the straight length of the duct or tube, or at the bend, but preferably near one end of the straight length of the tube (or duct), especially at the bend or tube. In particular, in this case, surprisingly, even if the end corresponds to a normal oscillation node, in particular to the transverse mode of oscillation of the length, so that somewhere in the vicinity of the end By applying vibration (generated by a vibrator and transmitted to the duct by mechanical linking means) to the end of the straight length, even if it is not suitable for exciting a straight length, the deposition of the inner wall of the duct It has been observed that vibrations can be obtained which are effective in limiting the vibration, preferably lateral vibrations (ie the bending direction of the straight length of the pipe or duct).

Preferably, the vibrator excites a linear or axial force, ie a force along the "main" axis, or a direction that does not change many times; for this purpose, the vibrator comprises A core mounted on two bearings aligned in a straight line so as to translate in a straight line), or a governor weight, the core being driven by the action of an alternating electromagnetic field. This preferred type of electromagnetic vibrator is available from Binder Magnette (D. 7730 Willingenschwaningen, Posthuff 1220, Mencheweiler Strasse 1) @ BINDER MAGNETE GMB.
H (Monchweilerstrasse 1, Po
stfach 1220, D.E. 7730Villing
rnSchwenningen, Germany)｝
Selected from those sold from.

In one embodiment of the invention, the main axis along which the excited force is directed is at an angle of substantially more than 45 degrees and less than 135 degrees with respect to the axis of the linear length to be oscillated, preferably from 60 degrees to 135 degrees. It is arranged in a plane inclined at an angle in the range of 120 degrees, in particular 90 degrees, i.e. a substantially vertical angle; said main axis extends radially, i.e. said main axis is Intersects the straight-line axis at the intersection.

In another aspect, the invention provides: a heat vessel; a duct through which the fluid is flowing, at least a portion of which extends inside the heat vessel and has a linear length. A duct having a linear length extending along an axis; a mechanical vibrator disposed outside the thermal vessel; and mechanical link means for connecting the duct to the vibrator; For heat treating one or more fluids. In this device, the mechanical linking means for transmitting vibrations is a projection of the duct for supporting or guiding the duct or forming part of a measuring instrument fixed to the duct. And along the main axis, the vibrator exerts its force on the mechanical linking means, the main axis being arranged substantially transversely, for example radially, to a straight-length axis. Have been.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention: the appendix is fixed and / or incorporated in a part of a duct arranged in a heat vessel; the appendix is substantially rigid and Non-removably welded to one or more walls of the duct, preferably to the wall of the duct, or integrally formed (eg, cast or molded) with a portion of the wall of the duct. Preferably consisting of an elongate shape, e.g. an elongate tube (hollow) or rod (solid); the vibrator is directly (mechanically) connected to the appendix, or the vibrator is One or more appendixes (machines) indirectly via a connector (consisting of a substantially rigid metal structure) suitable for transmitting said vibrations ) Is connected to; - said vibrator, the connector, or is removably connected with the appendix, for example, by at least one nut and bolt.

The electromagnetic vibrator is activated by a variable frequency (such as a frequency and voltage controller) power supply; the vibrations are less than 1000 Hz, preferably 10 Hz to 5 Hz.
Supplied to the duct at a frequency in the range of 00 Hz (and in particular in the range of 20 Hz to 200 Hz, and more particularly in the range of 20 Hz to 60 Hz); It produces a periodic (linear) force at a frequency substantially equal to the frequency (within ± 15%, preferably within ± 5%).

The time-varying force, which is preferably periodic and alternating, is such that the appendix together with the connexer (ie, the vibration-transfer structure) and the linear length of the duct are themselves time-varying and zero-mean (ie, the periodic ) Is excited by a vibrator attached to the appendix, either directly or via a connector, for the purpose of moving it in the manner described above; by imparting lateral vibration to the duct, the duct is deformed laterally, or the duct is stretched straight. The bending of the section (eg, tubular section), ie, at least one straight length (or tube) of the duct, is enhanced.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention: the device of the invention comprises a plurality of vibrators fixed or connected to one or more appendices of said duct, respectively; It is secured to the connector or the appendix by pivot means for pivoting the axis to which the vibrations and / or alternating forces generated by the mechanical vibrator are applied; the vibrator is suspended from the connector or the appendix The whole of the vibrator is less than or equal to 20 kg; the vibrator penetrates the wall of the heat vessel and is arranged at a distance from the orifice reached by the appendix; Secured, so force is applied Its main axis is substantially transverse or radial to the axis of the appendix, especially if the appendix is elongate and is substantially parallel to the linear axis of the tube forming part of the duct. The appendix is fixed or connected to a bend (preferably a 90-degree or 180-degree bend) that forms part of the duct; the appendix is a rod, plate, or A tube extending through an orifice provided in a wall forming part of the means for defining a thermal vessel, the appendix comprising a straight length or a bend disposed at one end of the tube or duct. And the appendix extends horizontally or vertically substantially parallel to it; the largest dimension of the appendix (Or length), 2
Meters or less, for example in the range of 0.1 m to 1.0 m, and the maximum dimension (or length) of the connector is 2 meters or less, for example 0.1 m to 1.0 m
In the vicinity of 1.0 m; the first natural resonance frequency corresponding to the first natural deformation mode of the mechanical link (or connector) (ie the lowest frequency)
Is preferably, for example, at least 20% compared to the first natural frequency of the (lateral) deformation of the straight section of the duct,
Or 30% higher; to excite the duct at a natural frequency of about 40 Hz, the mechanical link should not have a natural resonance frequency of 50 Hz or less, preferably even 60 Hz or 70 Hz or less, and The frequency of the generated vibration is set to around 35 Hz or 45 Hz.

Generally, the present invention applies to methods and apparatus in which fluids tend to deposit solids under the influence of heating, cooling, or chemical reactions.

The fluid is applied before and after vibration is applied to the duct,
The fluid is one or more reactants that are subjected to a chemical reaction in the duct, preferably while being applied, wherein the fluid is subjected to a chemical reaction in which the chemical reactant is generated. Furnace or heat exchanger with a built-in duct (or tube).

The mechanical vibrator is directly or indirectly connected to at least one mechanical means for measuring or monitoring the temperature or pressure of the fluid flowing in the duct. One such means is a rigid metal sheath or sleeve that penetrates the duct to measure or monitor the temperature or pressure of the fluid in the duct. This may be a so-called "grab-finger" or a "thermometer-pit" into which a thermocouple is incorporated, or a rigid pipe capable of measuring pressure or head loss. Thus, under such conditions, sleeves, sheaths or pipes are used to transmit the vibrations generated by the vibrator to the duct itself. In some cases, in order to strengthen the mechanical means, the mechanical means may be reinforced at the location where the duct is to be installed by metal parts that are fixed or welded to the mechanical and duct assembly.

Thus, in the present invention, at least one of the mechanical appendices functions as an instrument for measuring or monitoring the temperature or pressure of the fluid in the duct, or as a support or guide for the duct. It also functions as a novel method of transmitting vibration between the mechanical vibrator and the duct.

The mechanical vibrator may be used, for example, when the appendix comprises at least one external member located outside the thermal container, for example, when the appendix penetrates into the container and is inserted into the container wall. If it projects outside the container via the orifice being made, it is directly connected to at least one such mechanical means (appendix).

The mechanical vibrator may be indirectly connected to at least one such appendix by a rigid mechanical connector. The connector can connect the mechanical vibrator to at least one appendix, in particular, to an external member of the appendix located outside the container. Under such circumstances, the connectors are very short, for example, in the range of 20 mm to 200 mm. And especially, when one of the appendices does not have an external member arranged outside the heat container, and is completely arranged inside the container, it may be relatively long, for example, from 200 mm to The length may be in the range of 2000 mm. In this case, the connector connects the mechanical vibrator to one of the appendices located inside the container by passing through an orifice provided in the container wall. System to attach the connector to the vibrator, or support or guide, or temperature,
Or the system that couples the connectors to mechanical means for measuring or monitoring pressure, even though each is the same,
They may be different, they are removable using at least one nut and bolt, or are permanently connected, for example by welding. When placed inside the container, a non-removable coupling system is preferred, and when placed outside the container, a removable coupling system is preferred. The connector preferably provides substantially all vibration from the vibrator,
It is preferable to transmit the vibration to the appendix without significantly modulating the frequency of the vibration.

One mechanical vibrator can be used for each appendix, or a single vibrator can be used for multiple appendices.
Advantageously, a total of two or more mechanical means (or appendices) are interconnected by ordinary rigid mechanical links and, at the same time, said links are directly or indirectly connected to mechanical means. Is preferred. The usual rigid mechanical link may be inside the heat vessel, or preferably,
It is located outside. It consists of a solid bar or rod, depending on the surrounding environment. If the vibrator is not directly connected to the conventional rigid mechanical link, a connector as described above is used.

[0029] By providing the application of vibrations generated by the mechanical vibrator optionally via a link member (connector) between the mechanical vibrator and the appendix of the duct, a short and small vibration is provided. A vibration transmission structure is obtained; because of this small size, the diameter of the orifice that must be provided in the wall of the thermal vessel can be minimized, and the link member can be placed outside the vessel (relative to said wall). It can extend from a mechanical vibrator that is located to a duct that is located inside the container (relative to the wall).

This part (or structure) for transmitting vibration
Is small, and because the mechanical connection between the appendix and the duct is not removable, for example by welding or casting, a mechanical link can be formed between the vibrator and the duct, Has sufficient mechanical stiffness (static and dynamic) and is vibrated while using lightweight transmission components (connectors); for example, the total weight of the connectors shown in FIGS. Is 10 kg or less, for example, in the range of 1 kg to 5 kg.

By proper selection of a mechanical vibrator of the electromagnetic type, very low cost, extremely small, lightweight, robust, continuous operation is possible, and relatively large forces, for example, via the appendix, , A vibrator capable of applying tens of times the force of Newton to ducts and appropriate portions of connectors.

In this type of AC driven mechanical vibrator biased by a permanent magnet, the force imparted by an alternating magnetic field is used to generate a oscillating motion in a certain direction and the operating frequency (ie, the generated frequency). The power supply is preferably regulated or modulated with frequency and voltage, since the frequency of the vibrations is equal to the frequency of the power supply and the electromagnetic vibrator is powered by an inverter or a controller.

By providing the application of a vibration whose modulus is adjusted and preferably also the direction of which is the result of the adjusted force, the inner wall of the tube or duct located in the heat vessel is attached to the inner wall. Vibration can be imparted to the duct with an amplitude necessary and sufficient to prevent or reduce the deposition of the product; by the means described above, the frequency of the excitation or vibration supplied to the duct can be reduced.
It can be adjusted as a function of the natural frequency of the pipe or duct, and as a function of the natural frequency of the vibration-transmitter; thus applying the vibration in a manner that is tuned with respect to modulus and both frequency and direction This is particularly facilitated by the features of the present invention.

The vessel includes a tubular reactor containing one or more tubes with a single inlet and a single outlet for fluid, ie, a single-pass reactor; An inlet, or a combination of a plurality of tubes with a common inlet for a plurality of fluid tubes, and a separate or common outlet for a plurality of tubes; furthermore, the container comprises a separate inlet for each tube, and Includes two to four corrugated tubes with individual or common outlets in the plurality of tubes; the container is provided by burners located along the bottom and / or one or more sides of the container. Heated; it is advantageous for the burner to be arranged perpendicular to the axis of the straight tube section and / or perpendicular to the plane containing the axes of the various straight sections of the tube; On the common axis with the axis of the tube or from the axis of the straight tube Because of the spacing, the flame can also be arranged so that the flame spreads along an axis parallel to the axis of the straight tube section; the container can be a hydrocarbon, which is gaseous or liquid at ambient temperature, e.g. A cracking furnace that cracks by steam may be used, and the products and methods of such cracking heat treatment are described in International Patent Application WO 92/11931 cited in the present invention; the container is provided with a heat for cooling or heating a fluid flowing in a duct. It can also be used as an exchanger.

The duct (or tubular reactor) is connected to one or more straight sections, eg, parallel or continuous, and is separated from at least one bend by 1/4 of a revolution, or 180 degrees. The straight tubular sections may be parallel to each other; in this case, at least a portion of the plurality (eg, 2-6) tubular sections may be Or preferably combined with a conventional manifold located inside the container.

In a particular embodiment, the ducts each extend from substantially 180 degrees at each bend, such that the flow of fluid along the tubes is countercurrent to the fixed frame, eg, the vessel wall. At least two connected to the bend,
Preferably, the duct incorporates at least three to twenty or more straight tubular sections; under such circumstances, the duct is preferably corrugated, or bundled, or nested; Placed horizontally or vertically,
And some of the straight tubular sections are arranged vertically, the other is arranged horizontally, the horizontal part is shorter than the vertically arranged straight part, and the ratio of the length of the short area to the length of the long straight area Ranges, for example, from about 0.05 to 0.2; the diameter of the straight tubular section and / or the bend may be different, but preferably the diameter of the straight tubular section and the bend are the same; or The diameter of the tube gradually increases or decreases along the tube and / or duct from the entrance region to the exit region; the straight tubular section may range from 2m to 25m, for example from 5m to 20m.

The connector, a mechanical structure that transmits the vibration generated by the vibrator to one or more appendices of the duct, is arranged between the vibrator and the appendix; the appendix is fixed to an integral part of the duct part, or It forms an integral part of the duct section and, more particularly, forms an integral part of the bend of the duct.

Various advantages provided by the present invention include:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood from the following description, made with reference to the drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are described.

Unless otherwise stated, the same numbers indicate the same or similar elements in different drawings.

[0040]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring specifically to FIGS. 1-6, schematic FIGS. 1 and 3 (vertical sections BB and 'AA') show a hydrocarbon steam cracking furnace for producing olefins. is there. FIGS. 2 and 4 show FIG. 1 near the bend 11 of the duct 4.
And 3 show in particular the mechanical suspension means 14 and the vibrator. The furnace comprises a heat vessel 1 defined by walls 2 of refractory material, said walls, in particular the side walls 41, 42 of the furnace,
And a series of burners 3 arranged in parallel along the bottom wall 43. A series having a plurality of parallel ducts (not shown in FIGS. 1-4) penetrates the container 1. Only one duct 4 is shown schematically. Duct 4
Consists essentially of a curved tube extending 90 degrees or a continuous tube of straight tubes 5, 6, 7, 8 interconnected by "bends" 9, 10, and 11. ing. The duct 4 is substantially U-shaped as shown in FIG.
It is a letter shape. Vertical branches 5 and 7 (axis 25 and 27, respectively)
And a U-shaped horizontal branch 6 (having an axis 26)
Have lengths near 12 m, 12 m, and 1.5 m, respectively. The inner diameter of the duct, and its thickness,
48 mm and 5 mm. The hydrocarbon to be steam cracked flows along the U-shaped duct 4, permeates the duct along the arrow 12 in FIG. 1 and is discharged from the duct along the arrow 13. At the U-shaped end of the duct (FIG. 1), the duct is 90 ° away from the plane formed by the U-shape of FIG.
A degree bend is formed and continues into a straight tube 8 with a substantially horizontal axis 28, as shown in FIG.

A mechanical suspension means 14 is arranged on the bend 11 for the purpose of supporting the duct 4 and forms an appendix therein, which appendix is provided outside the container 1 by a mechanical suspension means 16 such as a spring. Is fixed to the fixed support 15 disposed at the center.

The mechanical suspension means 14 is formed of a substantially triangular metal plate, as shown schematically in FIGS. FIG. 5 shows FIG. 4 in detail with respect to the vibrator, the connector and the means for joining them. Mechanical means 1
4 comprises an external part 17 arranged outside the container 1 and projecting from the container via an orifice 18 formed in the wall 2 of the container. A rigid mechanical connector 19 is provided with mechanical suspension means (the connector itself is composed of an assembly of metal parts as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6).
The connector is also connected to the mechanical vibrator 20 with nuts and bolts 21. Details of the connector 19 and its coupling means 21 are shown in detail in FIGS. Base length 22,
The width 23 and the thickness 24 of the substantially triangular metal plates 14, 17 constituting the mechanical suspension means are each 800 mm,
220 mm and 20 mm. The length 30, the width 32, and the thickness 31 of the connector 19 are 70 mm and 50, respectively.
mm, and 10 mm. Mechanical vibrator 20
Generates vibrations along a horizontal axis 33 perpendicular to the axis 27 through which the tube length 7 and the metallic appendix 14, 17 extend.

Referring to FIGS. 4-6, appendix 1
4 has an orifice 45 (on axis 46) at its top 17, thereby securing the duct support spring 16 to the appendix.

The connector 19 has a jaw (jaw 40) welded (welded 40) to the top 17 of the appendix 14.
w), that is, the cleave 34. This jaw is spread on a straight plate 36 and a second
Is fixed to the plate 36 with bolts 21;
Fixed to one end of the plate 36 by welding; vibrator 2
0 is fixed to said joint 37 by means of a screw 39 via a second joint 38 belonging to the joint 37, whereby it is cantilevered (or suspended) from the appendix 14, 17.

Thus, under conditions where hydrocarbons, and particularly naphtha, are steam cracked, the duct 4 is placed in the vessel 1 between the inlet and outlet of the vessel such that the mixture has a temperature of 650 ° C. to 830 ° C. And heated by the burner 3. The naphtha / water ratio of the mixture of naphtha and water flowing along the duct 4 is 100/40. Connector 1 during steam cracking
9 and the vibrator 20 acting via the mechanical suspension means 14 are close to the first natural resonance frequency of the duct 4 (5
Vibration is transmitted to the duct 4 at a frequency in the range of 40 Hz to 65 Hz; the length 7 of the duct is subject to lateral mechanical vibration at said frequency. The vibration amplitude near the middle of the antinode of the vibration appearing along duct length 7 is on the order of 1/10 of a millimeter, measured parallel to axis 33 of vibrator 20. Under such conditions, it was found that the amount of coke deposited inside the duct 4 was significantly reduced, and that the time for shutting down the furnace to remove coke deposited in the furnace was greatly improved. Further, in the above example, the frequency of the vibration is set to another frequency close to the natural frequency of the duct, that is, 20 Hz to 40 Hz and 60 Hz to 1
Similar results were observed when transmitting at a frequency of 00 Hz.

In another embodiment shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of ducts 4, for example, three ducts 4 shown in full size in FIG.
However, the method is the same as the method described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6, except that it passes through a container (not shown). All of the ducts 4 are the same as described above. The difference from the previously described example is that the vibrator 20 is not connected to the single mechanical suspension means 14 via the connector 15 but a plurality (three in this example) of mechanical suspension means is provided in each of the ducts 4. Coupled with the suspension means 14, these suspension means 14 are connected together in the form of mechanical rods which are fixed in their entirety by conventional rigid mechanical links 29, and are themselves connected by connectors 19 and Due to the fact that it is connected to the vibrator 20 by a rigid link 48 between the connector 19 and said rod 29.

Under these conditions, three ducts are vibrated simultaneously using a single vibrator; all ducts are observed in the same manner, resulting in low coke deposits.

Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, in a hydrocarbon steam cracking furnace for producing olefins, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. A combined, generally corrugated shape 52 formed of substantially mutually parallel straight lengths 5 having an axis 25, a furnace 52 having a radiating region 51 and a burner (not shown) 1 is arranged in a heat vessel. In one bend 11, the duct is
A rigid cylindrical sleeve 56 having a linear axis 54 parallel to the axis 25, having a closed end 53 penetrating the bend 11, and having a thermocouple 58 built into the sleeve.
A "temperature-type vertical hole" 50 having the shape shown in FIG.

The sleeve 56 projects outside the vessel of the furnace 1 via the orifice 18 opening from the vessel wall 2. The outer part of the furnace of the sleeve 56 is connected to the mechanical vibrator 20 via rigid connectors 19 and bolts and nuts 21. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the bend 11 of the duct, the “thermometer well” 50, the sleeve 56, the thermocouple 58, the mechanical vibrator 29, the rigid connector 19, and the nuts and bolts 21. A generally triangular metal part 56 is secured to the bend 11 and sleeve 56, preferably by welding, to increase the rigidity and safety of the entire assembly.

The mechanical vibrator 20 is an electromagnetic vibrator that generates a periodic force along an axis 33 extending transversely to the axes 25 and 54, thereby imparting a transverse vibration to the linear length 5. I do.

The vibrator 20 operates under the industrial conditions described above for steam cracking hydrocarbons and during steam cracking.
Acting through the connector 19 and the sleeve 56, the frequency close to the first natural frequency of the duct 4 (within 5%), that is, 4
Vibrations are transmitted to the duct 4 at a frequency in the range of 0 Hz to 65 Hz, whereby the duct receives lateral vibrations at said frequency. The amplitude of the vibration is on the order of 1/10 of a millimeter. Under such conditions, the deposition of coke inside the duct 4 is greatly reduced, and the downtime for removing the deposited coke is greatly reduced.
In the above example, frequencies close to other natural resonance frequencies, i.e., 20 Hz to 40 Hz and 60 Hz to 100
Similar results were observed as a result of transmitting vibration at frequencies in the range of Hz.

The duct 4 is connected to the high temperature (for example, 50
(0 ° C. to 1150 ° C., or 1500 ° C.), made of a material such as steel selected; the various elements forming the duct 4 (bend 11 and straight length 5 of the tube) are shown in FIG. As indicated diagrammatically by the reference numeral 40, they are assembled and integrated by welding, wherein the welding preferably takes place with the mutually parallel linear ends 64 of the axis 25 and the bend 11. It is formed at the interface between them or at the junction.

In the alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the alternating force applied to the appendix 60 by the vibrator corresponds to the axis 5 of the appendix 60 (parallel to the axis 25).
4 along an axis 33 extending radially.

In this embodiment, appendix 6
0, and the bend 11 are a single metal part; this part has a first part forming the wall 62 of the bend 11, a second (central) part forming the link, and the interior of the wall 2 of the furnace. It has a third part, which is an end 63 in the form of a rod extending from the formed orifice 18; this part 63 cooperates with the orifice 18 to influence the temperature occurring inside the furnace. Due to the expansion of the duct below, against wall 2
Guide the bend (and duct) by that displacement.

The inverter drive of the vibrator is performed by TEL
It can be selected from those available from EMECANIQUE.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, the axis 33 to which the vibration is applied is parallel (for example coincident) with the plane containing the axis 25 of the corrugated linear tubular length; In the example (not shown), the axis 33 is inclined (and in particular may be perpendicular) to said plane.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vertical plane of a hydrocarbon pyrolysis apparatus having a burner and a flowing hydrocarbon to be subjected to a cracking reaction, to which the system of the present invention has been applied to impart vibration to a duct. FIG. 3 is a diagram viewed from BB ′ of FIG.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing an embodiment of a means for applying vibration to a duct, similarly to FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a vertical plane of the apparatus of FIG.
It is sectional drawing seen along.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view as viewed from a direction G in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the vibration transmission structure of FIGS. 1 to 4, as viewed from a direction G in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a view as seen from a direction F in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a duct in which three identical, usually U-shaped tubular sections are arranged side by side, each having a support mounted thereon, and the three supports being connected to a single vibrator. is there.

FIG. 8 is an elevational view of a corrugated duct having a bend with an appendix for measurement purposes.

9 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the bend and the appendix of FIG. 6;

10 shows a variant of the invention in which, as in FIG. 9, the bend comprises guide means constituting an appendix used according to the invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

4 duct, 11 bend, 14, 50, 60 mechanical suspension means (appendix), 20 mechanical vibrator, 25, 26, 27, 28 axis

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Dorote Del Fors France, 76000 Rouen, Boulevard de la Marne 41

Claims (17)

[Claims] 1. At least one linear length (5, 6, 7,...) Extending along an axis (25, 26, 27, 28).
8) a duct (4) containing therein at least a part of said duct being heat-treated to one or more fluids flowing along the duct (4) arranged inside the thermal vessel (1). Wherein lateral vibrations generated by a mechanical vibrator (20) located outside the thermal vessel reduce or prevent solid particles from depositing on the inner wall of the duct. Wherein the vibrations form mechanical means for supporting or guiding the duct or an appendix (14, 14) forming part of a measuring instrument fixed to the duct.
50, 60) and vibration is applied by applying a force in a direction substantially transverse or radial to the axis (33). A method of applying heat treatment to one or more fluids flowing along (4). 2. The appendix (14, 60)
At least one wall of the duct arranged in a heat container, preferably welded to the wall of the duct, or molded integrally with a part of the wall of the duct to be fixed firmly and non-removably 2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the appendix is substantially constituted by one or more metallic parts, wherein the appendix is preferably substantially constituted by an elongated shape, for example a tube or a rod. A method of applying heat treatment to a fluid. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the vibrator (20) is directly or indirectly coupled to the appendix. 4. Fluid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vibrator (20) is indirectly coupled to one or more appendices via a connector (19) suitable for transmitting the vibration. Method of applying heat treatment to 5. The vibrator of claim 1, wherein the vibrator supplies a periodic force having a frequency substantially equal to a natural resonance frequency corresponding to a transverse mode of the linear vibration. A method of applying heat treatment to a fluid. 6. The fluid according to claim 1, wherein the vibrator is detachably fixed to the connector or the appendix by at least one nut and bolt. Method. 7. The method for applying a heat treatment to a fluid according to claim 1, wherein an electromagnetic vibrator activated by a variable frequency power supply is used. 8. The method of applying a heat treatment to a fluid according to claim 1, wherein vibrations are applied to the duct at a frequency below 1000 Hz. 9. Apparatus for applying heat treatment to one or more fluids, said apparatus comprising: a: a heat vessel (1); b: a duct in which said fluid is flowing, at least a part of which. Has a linear length (5, 6, 7, 8) extending into the interior of the container and extending along an axis (25, 26, 27, 28); c: A mechanical vibrator (20) disposed outside the thermal vessel; and d: a mechanical link for coupling the duct to the vibrator; the device comprises a mechanical vibrator for transmitting vibration. The mechanical linking means comprises appendices (14, 50, 60) projecting from the duct, the appendix being part of the mechanical support or guide means of the duct, or a measuring instrument fixed to the duct. Forming an integral part; and the axis (33) along which the vibrator actuates the force on the mechanical link means is arranged substantially transversely to the linear length axis. A heat treatment apparatus for applying heat treatment to one or more fluids. 10. The heat treatment applied to a fluid according to claim 9, wherein the appendix is fixed or incorporated in a bend (11) forming a part of the duct, and is disposed inside a heat vessel. Equipment to do. 11. The vibrator is arranged such that the main axis (33) to which the force is applied is arranged substantially transversely or radially to the axis of the appendix.
11. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, secured to the appendix, wherein the appendix is elongate and extends substantially parallel to the linear length axis. 12. An appendix extending from an orifice (18) provided in a wall forming part of a means for defining a thermal vessel, wherein the appendix comprises:
Fixed to or integrated with the bend (11) located at one end of the linear length, and wherein the linear length and the appendix extend substantially horizontally or vertically. Claims 9 to 11
An apparatus for applying a heat treatment to the fluid according to any one of the preceding claims. 13. The fluid according to claim 9, wherein the vibrator is coupled to one or more appendices via a connector suitable for transmitting the vibration. The described device. 14. The apparatus for applying heat treatment to a fluid according to claim 9, further comprising a plurality of vibrators fixed or coupled to one or more appendices of the duct, respectively. 15. The vibrator includes the connector,
15. Apparatus for applying a heat treatment to a fluid according to any of claims 9 to 14, wherein the fluid is secured to the appendix by a removable method, for example by at least one nut and bolt. 16. The vibrator is a variable frequency power supply, and preferably an electromagnetic vibrator activated by a frequency and voltage controller, and preferably adapted to apply vibration to the duct at a frequency of less than 1000 Hz. The apparatus for applying a heat treatment to a fluid according to any one of claims 9 to 15, wherein the apparatus is an electromagnetic vibrator. 17. The vibrator includes the connector,
Alternatively, the vibrator is suspended from the appendix, the total weight of the vibrator is 20 kg or less, and the vibrator is disposed at a distance from the orifice (18) provided from the wall of the heat vessel and extending the appendix. An apparatus for applying a heat treatment to the fluid according to any one of claims 9 to 16.