JPH1092406A - Sealed cell - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sealed cell which shuts off electric current and discharges inner gas outside surely when a malfunction is caused in power generation elements and internal pressure in a cell is raised, and enables to prevent an explosion of an enveloping can. SOLUTION: A sealed cell is provided with an enclosure 2 in which a safety valve 9 of open-pass type intervenes between a cell lid 8 and an enclosing plate 7, both of which have venting holes, at an open end of an enveloping can 1 which houses power generation elements. In the cell, a convex part 9a with a fixed breaking strength is set to be protruded on the enclosing plate side in the safety valve 9 and the convex part 9a is weld-connected to a lead plate penetrating the enclosing plate 7 or a hole on the enclosing plate 7.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sealed battery having an explosion-proof function.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a secondary battery using a nonaqueous electrolyte such as a lithium battery or a lithium ion battery, a power generation element housed in an outer can is overcharged or a large current flows due to misuse. If this occurs, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is decomposed to generate gas, which may increase the internal pressure in the sealed outer can and cause the battery to burst.

For this reason, conventional sealed batteries are provided with explosion-proof measures in the event of the above-described abnormalities, for example, as shown in FIG.
It has been proposed to provide a mechanism as shown in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sealing portion of a conventional sealed battery. In FIG. 11, 61 is an outer can, 6
Reference numeral 2 denotes a sealing body attached to the opening end of the outer can 61. The power generation element 63 is housed inside the outer can 61, and the power generation element 63 is configured such that a laminate of the positive electrode 64, the separator 65, and the negative electrode 66 is spirally wound and filled with a nonaqueous electrolyte. I have. On the other hand, the sealing body 62 has the same gas vent holes 6 as the sealing plate 67 provided with the gas vent holes 67a.
A safety valve 69 is interposed between the battery lid 68 and the battery lid 68 provided with the battery 8a.

The sealing plate 67, the battery cover 68, and the safety valve 6
9 is made of a conductive material, so that it is fixed to the opening end of the outer can 61 via an insulating gasket 70, and the outer periphery of the battery lid 68, the safety valve 69 and the sealing plate 6
An insulating gasket 71 is also interposed between the outer periphery of the gasket 7. In addition, a lead 72 is connected between the inner surface of the sealing plate 67 and the positive electrode 64 of the power generating element 63, and a current flows from the power generating element 63 to the battery lid 68 via the sealing plate 67 and the safety valve 69.

In the above configuration, when gas is generated due to an abnormality of the power generation element 63 and the internal pressure in the outer can 61 rises rapidly, the gas enters through the gas vent hole 67a of the sealing plate 67 and pushes up the safety valve 69, and the chain line Sealing plate 6 as shown by
7, the flow of the abnormally large current to the battery lid 68 is blocked. Further, the safety valve 69 is opened by the rapid rise of the internal pressure, and the gas is released to the outside through the gas vent hole 68a of the battery lid 68, so that the explosion of the outer can 61 is prevented.

That is, in the above conventional structure, the safety valve 6
9 and the sealing plate 67 are connected in a pressed state at their contact points to form an electric circuit, and the circuit is cut off by being deformed and separated. However, since the performance of the battery itself is affected by the electric resistance, particularly the internal resistance of the lithium battery, the connection in a pressed form has the disadvantage that the electric resistance is generated and the battery performance is not obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to mainly consider connection by welding instead of connection in a pressed form.

In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2-112151 and 2-28863, a lead wire is connected to a rupturable plate (safety valve) by welding, and when the internal pressure increases, the rupturable plate is disconnected from the lead wire. It is described that the current is cut off by cutting off.However, in the sealed battery of this structure, the rupture plate is separated from the lead wire because the connection strength is adjusted by the welding strength of the lead wire. It is difficult to control the connection strength with high accuracy. That is, if the connection strength varies, the lead wire cannot be disconnected even if the internal pressure increases, or the current is interrupted when the internal pressure is low.

[0009]

An object of the present invention is to prevent the explosion of an outer can by reliably shutting off current and discharging internal gas to the outside when an abnormality occurs in the power generating element and the internal pressure of the battery rises. It is an object of the present invention to provide a sealed battery.

[0010]

The sealed battery according to the present invention that achieves the above object has the following configuration. That is, in a sealed battery in which a sealing body having a rupturable safety valve interposed between a battery lid having a gas vent hole and a sealing plate is attached to an open end of an outer can containing a power generating element, A projection having a predetermined breaking strength is provided so as to protrude toward the sealing plate, and the projection is welded and connected to the lead plate through the sealing plate or a hole in the sealing plate.

[0011] Further, the sealing plate or the lead plate may be
It is characterized in that a part whose strength is partially reduced is provided.

Further, the sealed battery of the present invention has a sealed structure in which a rupturable safety valve is interposed between a battery lid having gas vent holes and a sealing plate at the open end of an outer can containing a power generating element. In the sealed battery with the body attached, a convex portion having a predetermined breaking strength is provided on the safety valve so as to protrude toward the sealing plate, and the convex portion is caulked to the sealing plate.

Further, in any one of the above sealed batteries, a cutout is provided in the projection.

Further, in any of the above sealed batteries, a PTC is inserted between the battery cover and the safety valve.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.

In the sealed battery shown in FIG.
Is made of a conductive material such as stainless steel or nickel-plated carbon steel, and houses the power generation element 3 therein. The power generating element 3 is configured by stacking a sheet-like positive electrode 4, a separator 5, and a negative electrode 6 in a spiral shape, for example, and filling a non-aqueous electrolyte therein.

At the open end of the outer can 1, there is provided a partition plate 13 for partitioning from the upper surface of the power generating element 3, and the partition plate 13 is provided with a partition plate hole 13a for venting gas. I have.

The sealing body 2 has one or more gas vent holes 7.
A safety valve 9 is interposed between a sealing plate 7 provided with a and a battery lid 8 also provided with one or more gas vent holes 8a. These sealing plate 7, battery cover 8, safety valve 9
Are made of conductive materials such as stainless steel, nickel-plated carbon steel or aluminum,
It is caulked and fixed to the open end of the outer can 1 via a gasket 10 made of an insulating material such as rubber or plastic.

The safety valve 9 can be made of chemically stable stainless steel, or an elastic conductor such as aluminum or spring steel, or a laminate of an elastic conductor film and a highly conductive metal film such as aluminum. it can. This safety valve 9 is not provided with a gas vent hole as provided in the sealing plate 7 and the battery cover 8, and has a groove 9b having an arbitrary shape such as a circle, a polygon, and an H shape on the surface. Is formed. The thin portion of the safety valve 9 is easily broken when a gas is generated due to an abnormality of the power generation element 3 and the internal pressure is rapidly increased.

A convex portion 9a having a predetermined breaking strength is provided at the center of the safety valve 9 so as to protrude toward the sealing plate 7 side.
Are welded and connected to the sealing plate 7 by ultrasonic wave, laser or the like. The protruding portion 9a is, for example, elongated in a rod shape, and is set to have a strength such that when the internal pressure of the battery rises and the safety valve 9 reaches a certain pressure, the strength of the protruding portion 9a is surely cut off. .

The breaking strength of the projection 9a and the tearing strength of the safety valve 9 are set so that the safety valve 9 is deformed and the safety valve 9 is split after the projection 9a is broken.

Further, a PT is provided between the battery lid 8 and the safety valve 9.
C11 is interposed. PTC is a positive temperature coefficient resistor (Positive Temperature Coefficient), that is, a material whose electric resistance increases as the temperature increases.
This material itself is known. By inserting the PTC 11 between the battery lid 8 and the safety valve 9 as described above, when the temperature of the power generating element 3 rises due to an abnormality, the electric resistance of the PTC 11 increases, and the current to the battery lid 8 is cut off. ing.

A lead 14 is welded to the inner surface of the sealing plate 7, and the other end is connected to the positive electrode 4 of the power generating element 3 through a partition plate hole 13 a of the partition plate 13. The current generated by the power generating element 3 flows through the lead plate 14, the sealing plate 7, the convex portion 9 a of the safety valve 9, the safety valve 9, and the battery cover 8 serving as a terminal via the PCT 11.

In the sealed battery having the above structure, when gas is generated due to an abnormality of the power generating element 3 and the internal pressure rises rapidly, the gas passing through the gas vent hole 7 a of the sealing plate 7 acts on the inside of the safety valve 9. The safety valve 9 is deformed, while the convex portion 9a of the safety valve 9 is broken to cut off the electric circuit.
The safety valve 9 is opened. The gas is released to the outside through the vent hole 8a of the battery lid 8 by the rupture of the safety valve 9,
Battery explosion is reliably prevented. When the temperature of the power generation element 3 rises due to an abnormality, the electric resistance of the PTC 14 inserted between the battery cover 8 and the safety valve 9 increases, and the battery cover 8
Cut off the current to

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, in the structure of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 1, the protrusion 9 of the safety valve 9 as shown in FIG.
a notch 15 on the surface of a to reduce the cross-sectional area of the projection 9a
Are provided so as to be surely broken at the notch 15.

FIG. 3 shows still another embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, in the structure of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 1, a hole is provided in the center of the sealing plate 7, and the projection 9a of the safety valve 9 is inserted through the hole in the center of the sealing plate 7 to lead. It is welded and connected to the plate 16.

FIG. 4 shows still another embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, in the structure of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 3, the convex portion 9 of the safety valve 9 as shown in FIG.
a is provided with a notch 15.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, in the structure of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 1, instead of welding and connecting the projection 9a to the sealing plate 7, the projection 9a of the safety valve 9 is caulked to the sealing plate 7. It is.

FIG. 6 shows still another embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, in the structure of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 5, the protrusion 9 of the safety valve 9 as shown in FIG.
a is provided with a notch 15.

FIG. 7 shows still another embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, in the structure of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 1, the projection 9a is welded and connected to the sealing plate 7, and the sealing plate 7 is provided with a part 7c having a weakened strength. It is a thing. If the projection 9a does not break for any reason, the weakened portion 7 of the sealing plate 7
The safety is further ensured so as to break at c.

FIG. 8 shows still another embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, in the structure of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 7, the protrusion 9 of the safety valve 9 as shown in FIG.
a is provided with a notch 15.

FIG. 9 shows still another embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, a hole is provided at the center of the sealing plate 7 in the structure of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 3, and the convex portion 9a of the safety valve 9 is inserted through the hole at the center of the sealing plate 7 to lead. In the one welded and connected to the plate 16, the lead plate 16
And a portion 16a whose strength is partially reduced. If the protrusion 9a does not break for some reason, the safety is further ensured so that the protrusion 9a breaks at the weakened portion 16a of the lead plate 16.

FIG. 10 shows still another embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, a notch 15 is provided in the convex portion 9a of the safety valve 9 as shown in FIG. 10 in the structure of the embodiment described with reference to FIG.

[0043]

As described above, according to the present invention, the convex portion is provided on the safety valve, so that when the internal pressure of the battery rises and the safety valve reaches a certain pressure, the convex portion is broken. Therefore, shut off the current without fail. Further, by breaking the safety valve after the rupture of the projection, the internal gas can be reliably released to the outside, and the explosion of the battery can be prevented. Further, by interposing the PTC between the battery cover and the safety valve, it is possible to increase the electric resistance when the temperature of the power generation element rises due to an abnormality, and cut off the current to the battery cover. Therefore, when an abnormality occurs in the power generating element and the internal pressure of the battery rises, the current can be reliably shut off and the internal gas is released to the outside, so that the explosion of the outer can can be prevented.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sealing body of a sealed battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sealing body of a sealed battery according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sealing body of a sealed battery according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sealing body of a sealed battery according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sealing body of a sealed battery according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sealing body of a sealed battery according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sealing body of a sealed battery according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sealing body of a sealed battery according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sealing body of a sealed battery according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sealing body of a sealed battery according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sealing portion of a conventional sealed battery.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Outer can 2: Sealing body 3: Power generating element 7: Sealing plate 7b: Hole 8: Battery lid 7a, 8a: Gas vent 9: Safety valve 9a: Convex part 10: Gasket 11: PTC 12: Insulating gasket 13: Partition Plate 13a: Partition plate hole 14: Lead 15: Notch 16: Lead plate 7c, 16a: Weak portion

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. An opening end of an outer can containing a power generating element,
In a sealed battery in which a sealing body having a rupturable safety valve interposed between a battery lid having a gas vent hole and a sealing plate is attached, the safety valve has a convex portion having a predetermined breaking strength on the sealing plate side. A sealed battery, wherein the battery is provided so as to protrude, and the projection is welded and connected to a lead plate through a sealing plate or a hole of the sealing plate. 2. The sealed battery according to claim 1, wherein the sealing plate or the lead plate is provided with a part whose strength is partially reduced. 3. An open end of an outer can containing a power generating element,
In a sealed battery in which a sealing body having a rupturable safety valve interposed between a battery lid having a gas vent hole and a sealing plate is attached, the safety valve has a convex portion having a predetermined breaking strength on the sealing plate side. A sealed battery, wherein the battery is protruded and the convex portion is caulked to a sealing plate. 4. The sealed battery according to claim 1, wherein a notch is provided in the projection. 5. The sealed battery according to claim 1, wherein a PTC is inserted between the battery cover and the safety valve. 6. The sealed battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery is a lithium battery or a lithium ion battery.