JPH1090066A - Image pickup system for surface of leaf - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To pick up the image on the surface of a leaf directly by securing the leaf of a plant easily and preventing reflection of illumination to the background. SOLUTION: A mesh-like background plate 17 is disposed in the rear of the surface of leaf 23 of a plant and a leaf surface suction section 27 for sucking the surface of the leaf 23 to the background plate 17 by pressure is disposed in the rear of the background plate 17. When the surface of the leaf 23 of the plant is irradiated with light from a light source 15, an image pickup section 13 picks up the image of the irradiated surface of the leaf 23 under a state where the surface of the leaf 23 is sucked to the background plate 17 through the leaf surface section 27.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant leaf surface photographing apparatus for photographing a plant leaf surface.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Plant nutritional disorder diagnosis systems for diagnosing plant nutritional disorders have been known. In this system, for example, the color of tomato leaves (RGB values)
Diagnosis of nutritional disorders in tomatoes by the change.

In this case, if the leaf surface of the tomato is attached to the branch and the leaf surface of the tomato is not photographed by a camera, daily changes in the leaf surface of the tomato cannot be captured.

Therefore, a tomato leaf surface photographing jig has been used in which the leaf surface of a tomato is fixed by sandwiching the leaf surface between a background plate and a transparent acrylic plate, and the leaf surface of the tomato is photographed.

[0005] However, when this jig for photographing tomato leaves is used, there is a problem in that illumination such as a lamp may be reflected on an acrylic plate.

[0006] Conventionally, the leaves were directly photographed with a camera in a greenhouse where tomatoes are cultivated. For this reason, under the influence of sunlight, it is too bright on a sunny day and dark on a bad weather day. That is, the accuracy of the photographed image was poor due to the change in the brightness of sunlight.

[0007]

Further, as conventional known techniques related to this kind of plant nutritional disorder diagnosis system, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 4-329340 and 1993
There is one described in JP-A-7-144451.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 4-329340 discloses two CCD cameras 10 as shown in FIG.
Step 1 shoots a plant. R in one CCD camera 101
R consisting of reflected light having a wavelength of about 670 nm in the filter
Obtain image data. IR in the other CCD camera 101
I consisting of reflected light with a wavelength around 850 nm at the filter
Obtain R image data.

[0009] These image data are sent to a parabolic antenna 107 via a frame switcher 103 and a data transmission device 104. Illuminance meter 102 measures illuminance data and sends the illuminance data to parabolic antenna 107.

[0010] The image data and the illuminance data are input to a computer 111 via parabolic antennas 107 and 108. The computer 111 calculates the spectral reflectance ratio IR /
The image is processed by calculating R, and the image is
Will be displayed.

[0011] The image of the plant to be measured photographed in a remote place as described above can be transmitted to the management room in real time, and the activity of the plant can be measured.

As shown in FIG. 10, plant leaves 202 in an environmental test room are measured by an infrared camera 203, and the temperature of the leaves is controlled by an infrared controller 204 as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-144451. Be changed.

Thereafter, the leaf temperature is measured by the video processor 20.
6 and is displayed on a color monitor as a leaf temperature pattern.
The data is transmitted via the P-IB bus interface 208.

The computer 209 extracts parameters other than the leaf temperature from the file, estimates the transpiration rate and the gas absorption rate leaf surface distribution using an estimation formula, and obtains the GP-IB bus interface 208 and the video processor 206.
Is displayed on the color TV monitor 207 via the.

[0015] However, those described in JP-A-4-329340 and JP-A-57-144451 perform photographing using sunlight, so that the photographing is performed by changing the brightness of sunlight. The accuracy of the photo was poor.

A first object of the present invention is to easily fix a leaf of a plant and eliminate reflection of lighting on a background,
An object of the present invention is to provide a plant leaf surface photographing apparatus capable of directly photographing a leaf surface. A second object of the present invention is to provide a plant leaf surface photographing apparatus capable of eliminating variations in photographic data due to weather, acquiring absolute colors of leaves, and capturing more accurate changes.

[0017]

The present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. The invention according to claim 1 is a net-like background plate provided behind the leaf surface of the plant, and a leaf surface suction unit provided behind the background plate and sucking the leaf surface of the plant to the background plate by pressure, A light source that irradiates light to the leaf surface of the plant, and a photographing unit that photographs the leaf surface of the plant irradiated by the light source in a state where the leaf surface is sucked to the background plate by the leaf surface suction unit. And

According to the present invention, the leaf surface suction unit sucks the leaf surface of the plant to the net-like background plate by air pressure or the like, so that the leaf surface can be easily fixed. In addition, since the mesh-shaped background plate is used, the illumination of the light source is not reflected on the background plate, and the leaf surface of the plant illuminated by the light source is directly photographed in a state of being attracted to the mesh-shaped background plate. be able to.

Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a plant leaf photographing jig for blocking incident light from the outside, and the plant leaf photographing jig emits a predetermined amount of light to the plant leaf surface. The gist includes a light source for irradiation, a fixing unit for fixing the leaf surface of the plant, and a photographing unit for photographing the leaf surface of the plant irradiated by the light source while being fixed by the fixing unit.

According to the present invention, the jig for photographing the leaf surface of the plant cuts off the incident light from the outside and sends a predetermined amount of light from the light source provided inside to the leaf surface of the plant fixed to the fixing portion. Since the irradiation is performed, the photographing unit can always photograph the leaf surface of the plant with the same light amount, and can accurately capture the transition of the leaf color regardless of the weather.

Further, in the invention according to claim 3, the fixing portion includes a mesh-like background plate provided behind the leaf surface of the plant, and a leaf surface provided behind the background plate, the leaf surface of the plant being pressed by the pressure. And a leaf suction unit that sucks the background plate.

According to the present invention, the leaf surface suction portion sucks the leaf surface of the plant to the net-like background plate by air pressure or the like, so that the leaf surface can be easily fixed. In addition, since the mesh-shaped background plate is used, the illumination of the light source is not reflected on the background plate, and the leaf surface of the plant illuminated by the light source is directly photographed in a state of being attracted to the mesh-shaped background plate. be able to.

[0023] A fourth aspect of the present invention is a lesion site extraction unit for extracting lesion site data corresponding to a lesion site from leaf surface image data of a plant photographed by the photographing unit. A calculating unit that calculates an RGB value of the lesion site data extracted by the extraction unit and calculates an area ratio of the lesion site data to the leaf surface image data; and the RGB value and the area ratio calculated by the calculation unit. And a diagnostic unit for diagnosing a nutritional disorder of the plant based on the above.

According to this invention, the lesion site extraction unit extracts the lesion site data corresponding to the lesion site from the leaf surface image data of the plant photographed by the photographing unit.
The RGB value of the extracted lesion site data is calculated, and the area ratio of the lesion site data to the leaf surface image data is calculated. The diagnosis unit diagnoses a plant nutrition disorder based on the calculated RGB value and the area ratio. I do.

Therefore, it is possible to eliminate variations in the photographic data due to the weather, obtain the absolute color of the leaves and capture more accurate changes, and allow the diagnostician to accurately determine the nutritional disorders and diseases of plants. Can be.

[0026]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of a plant leaf surface photographing apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail.

<First Embodiment> FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a plant leaf photographing apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the plant leaf surface photographing apparatus.

The plant leaf surface photographing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes a plant leaf surface photographing jig main body 11 for blocking incident light such as sunlight from the outside. The plant leaf surface photographing jig main body 11 is formed of a rectangular parallelepiped, and includes a camera 13 and a fluorescent lamp 15 therein.

The camera 13 includes a plant leaf surface photographing jig main body 11.
Is attached to one surface 11a of the camera to photograph the leaf surface of the plant.
The fluorescent lamp 15 irradiates a predetermined amount of light to the leaf surface of the plant.

A background plate 17 that can be opened and closed by a hinge 19 is detachably attached to the other surface 11b opposite to the one surface 11a. In FIG. 1, the background plate 17 is opened by the hinge 19, and the background plate 17 has been removed from the other surface 11b.

In FIG. 2, the background plate 17 is closed by the hinge 19, and the background plate 17 is attached to the other surface 11b.

A slit 21 formed of a groove is provided on the upper surface of the background plate 17, and the leaf 23 of the plant is inserted into the slit 21. A wire mesh 25 is provided behind the leaf surface 23 of the plant.

Behind the wire mesh 25, a non-transparent, light-shielding leaf suction unit 27 is provided.
Is attached to the light shielding cover 17a. The leaf suction unit 27 is freely deformable by rubber or the like so that it can move when the background plate 17 is opened and closed by the hinge 19.

A compressor 29 is connected to the leaf suction unit 27, and the leaf suction unit 27 sucks the leaf 23 of the plant to the wire net 25 by air pressure from the compressor 29.

The plant is, for example, tomato. In addition, other plants other than tomato, for example, eggplant,
It may be a plant such as cucumber.

According to the plant foliage photographing apparatus thus constructed, the foliar suction unit 27 sucks the foliage 23 of the plant from behind the wire mesh 25 by the pressure from the compressor 29.
Since the leaf 23 of the plant is sucked to the wire net 25, the leaf 23 can be easily fixed.

Further, since the wire net 25 is used, the illumination of the fluorescent lamp 15 is not reflected on the background, so that the photographed picture does not shine. As a result, the fluorescent lamp 15
In this state, the leaf surface 23 of the irradiated plant can be directly photographed in a state where the leaf surface 23 is attracted to the wire mesh 25.

Furthermore, since the leaf surface 23 is inserted into the slit 21, the leaf surface 23 is no longer rounded and the back side of the leaf is not reflected, so that it is not mistaken for a lesion.

Also, since the fluorescent lamp 15 capable of securing a predetermined amount of sufficient light is provided inside the plant leaf surface photographing jig main body 11, the incident light from the outside is intercepted and the supplementary light is provided. The leaf surface 23 can always be photographed under the same conditions, and the transition of leaf color can be captured without being affected by the weather.

The illuminance may be 2000 lux or more. In this case, the illuminance may be adjusted by measuring the illuminance of the fluorescent lamp 15 using an illuminometer.

Further, since the leaf surface 23 can be continuously photographed in a non-destructive state with the branches attached, the change can be always grasped.

When the background plate 17 is opened by the hinge 19, it is also possible to perform alignment of the leaves, and check and adjust whether or not the leaves are rounded.

Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment of the plant leaf photographing apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The plant leaf surface photographing jig main body 12 shown in FIG. 3 is for blocking incident light from the outside, and the camera 13 is provided therein. The camera 13 is mounted on a camera mount 31 and is fixed by sponges 33 provided on both sides.

A reflector 35 having a square hole 36 is arranged behind the camera 13, and the fluorescent lamp 15 attached to a fluorescent lamp mounting base 37 is arranged behind the reflector 35.

An illumination plate 39 having a round hole 41 is arranged behind the fluorescent lamp 15. The width of the square hole 36 is a size corresponding to the width of the camera 13, and the reflection plate 35 excluding the square hole 36 reflects the light of the fluorescent lamp 15 and transfers the light to the round hole 41. Lead to.

The outer size of the round hole 41 is determined by the square hole 3
6 is almost the same size as the vertical size. The illumination plate 39 diffuses the light of the fluorescent lamp 15 and guides the light to the round hole 41.

A cylindrical portion 43 having an outer shape larger than the outer size of the round hole portion 41 is disposed behind the illumination plate 39. The cylindrical portion 43 transmits light from the round hole portion 41 to the fixing portion 4.
5 is guided to the leaf surface 23 of the plant.

The camera 13 and the fluorescent lamp 15 are movable depending on the size of the subject.

According to the plant foliage photographing apparatus thus configured, a predetermined amount of light from the fluorescent lamp 13 provided inside the plant foliage photographing jig main body 12 is reflected by the reflection plate 35 and the illumination plate 39. Thus, the light is guided to the round hole portion 41 and further passes through the cylindrical portion 43 to irradiate the leaf surface 23 of the plant fixed to the fixing plate 45.

The camera 13 photographs the leaf surface 23 of the plant through the square hole 35, the round hole 39, and the cylindrical portion 43.

That is, the plant leaf surface photographing jig main body 12
By blocking incident light from the outside and supplementing light, the leaf surface 23 can always be photographed under the same conditions, and the transition of leaf color can be grasped without being affected by the weather.

A reflecting plate 35, an illuminating plate 39, and a cylindrical portion 4 as a light guide are provided inside the plant leaf surface photographing jig main body 12.
3, the light of the fluorescent lamp 15 is efficiently provided,
Led to. Therefore, the leaf surface 23 can be irradiated with a predetermined amount of light with less fluorescent lamp power.

Third Embodiment Next, a third embodiment of the plant leaf surface photographing apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the third embodiment, the background leaf 17 and the leaf suction unit 2 shown in FIG.
7 and a compressor 29 are added.

Here, when taking a picture, if the brightness is always 2000 lux or more and the background color is not black on both a sunny day and a cloudy day, especially when a digital camera is used, the leaf Color is destroyed. For this reason, it was found that even if the brightness was corrected by image processing, an image that was once crushed could not be completely corrected.

Therefore, by cutting off external light and performing supplementary light, leaves are always photographed under the same conditions, and the transition of leaf color is captured without being affected by the weather.

According to the third embodiment configured as described above, the effect described in the second embodiment can be obtained because the plant leaf imaging jig body 12 is used. That is, the plant leaf surface imaging jig body 12 can always photograph the leaf surface 23 under the same conditions by blocking external light and performing supplementary light, and capture the transition of the leaf color regardless of the weather. Can be.

A reflecting plate 35, an illuminating plate 39, and a cylindrical portion 4 as a light guide are provided inside the plant leaf surface photographing jig main body 12.
3, the light of the fluorescent lamp 15 is efficiently provided,
Led to. Therefore, the leaf surface 23 can be irradiated with a predetermined amount of light with less fluorescent lamp power.

Further, since the background plate 17, the leaf suction unit 27 and the compressor 29 shown in FIG. 1 are used, the effects described in the first embodiment can be obtained. That is, the leaf suction unit 27 is operated by the pressure from the compressor 29 to
5, the leaf 23 of the plant is sucked from the back, and the leaf 23 of the plant is sucked to the wire mesh 25, so that the leaf 23 can be easily fixed.

Next, processing of image data obtained by the camera 13 shown in FIG. 4 will be described. FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the leaf image processing of the third embodiment of the plant leaf imaging apparatus.

In FIG. 5, the color CCD camera 13a
Obtains color image data by imaging a plant 23a such as a tomato. The video computer graphic image processing unit 51 performs image processing on the color image data from the color CCD camera 13a.

The digital camera 13b also captures an image of the plant 23a to obtain digital image data. Memory card 53
Stores digital image data from the digital camera 13b. The memory card processor 55 controls writing and reading of digital image data to and from the memory card 53.

Although not shown, a communication adapter, a card reader, transmission software, and the like are provided in addition to the memory card processor 55.

The color photograph 57 is obtained by photographing the plant 23a with a camera, and the color image scanner 59 captures the color photograph 57 to obtain color image data.

The leaf surface information recognizing unit 61 recognizes leaf surface information of a plant, and includes a background color deleting unit 63, a lesion site extracting unit 65, an RGB value calculating unit 67, a lesion area calculating unit 69, and a diagnosis. A section 71 is provided.

The background color deletion unit 63 inputs the leaf surface image data of the plant from any one of the video computer graphic image processing unit 51, the memory card processor 55, and the color image scanner 59, and deletes the background color.

The lesion site extraction unit 65 extracts a lesion site on the leaf surface from the leaf surface image data from which the background color has been deleted. The RGB value calculation unit 67 calculates the RGB value of the lesion site extracted by the lesion site extraction unit 65 as color information.

The lesion area calculation unit 69 includes a lesion site extraction unit 6
5 to calculate the area of the lesion site extracted. The diagnosis unit 71 diagnoses the disease and nutritional state of the plant body 23a based on the calculated RGB value of the lesion site and the calculated area of the lesion site.

FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of the leaf surface image processing of the plant leaf photographing apparatus according to the third embodiment. FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of the color image processing during the leaf surface image processing shown in FIG.

First, the color CCD camera 13a is
When a leaf of the plant 23a provided inside the plant leaf photographing jig main body 12 shown in FIG. 1 is imaged, the leaf surface image data of the plant 23a is subjected to image processing by the video computer graphic image processor 51, The information is input to the surface information recognition unit 61 (step S11).

Next, the leaf surface information recognizing section 61 performs color image processing on the input leaf surface image data (step S13). This color image processing is performed according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 7 and the leaf surface image data shown in FIG.

First, the leaf surface information recognizing section 61 extracts the leaf surface image data IM1 to be processed (step S11).
1) The background color deletion unit 63 deletes the background color IM2 from the extracted leaf surface image data IM1 (Step S1).
13).

The lesion site extraction unit 65 extracts a leaf site IM3 from the leaf surface image data from which the background color has been deleted (step S115). Further, the RGB value calculation unit 67 calculates the RGB values of the lesion site extracted by the lesion site extraction unit 65 as color information.

The lesion area calculation unit 69 includes a lesion site extraction unit 6
In step S117, the area of the lesion site extracted in step 5 is counted.

With the above processing, when the color image processing is completed,
The diagnostic unit 71 takes in the color information of the leaf spot and the area of the spot (step S15), and grasps the spot color and the transition of the spot area (step S17).

Next, the diagnosis section 71 grasps the site of the occurrence of the disease or disorder based on the pH (pH) value of the medium (step S).
19) Based on the RGB value of the lesion site and the area of the lesion site, the disease and nutritional status of the plant body 23a are diagnosed (step S21).

As described above, by intercepting the external light and performing supplementary light, the leaves are always photographed under the same conditions, and the capture of the image, the removal of the background color, the calculation of the RGB value and the lesion area ratio are automatically performed. Variability in the photographic data due to the weather, the absolute color of the leaves can be acquired, and more accurate changes can be captured, so that the diagnostician can accurately detect plant nutritional disorders and diseases. You can judge.

The present invention is not limited to Embodiments 1 to 3 described above. For example, the configuration of the leaf surface image processing of the third embodiment may be added to the configuration of the first embodiment.

[0078]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the leaf surface suction unit sucks the leaf surface of the plant to the net-like background plate by air pressure or the like, so that the leaf surface can be easily fixed. In addition, since the mesh-shaped background plate is used, the illumination of the light source is not reflected on the background plate, and the leaf surface of the plant illuminated by the light source is directly photographed in a state of being attracted to the mesh-shaped background plate. be able to.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a jig for photographing a plant leaf surface cuts off incident light from outside, and a predetermined amount of light from a light source provided inside the plant is fixed to a fixing portion. By irradiating the leaf surface, the photographing unit can always photograph the leaf surface of the plant with the same amount of light, and can capture the transition of the leaf color regardless of the weather.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, when the jig for photographing a plant leaf surface is provided with the net-shaped background plate and the leaf suction portion as the fixing portion, The effect of item 2 is obtained.

According to the fourth aspect, the lesion site extraction unit extracts the lesion site data corresponding to the lesion site from the leaf surface image data of the plant photographed by the photographing unit. Calculates the RGB values of the extracted lesion site data and calculates the area ratio of the lesion site data to the leaf surface image data, and the diagnostic unit calculates the plant nutritional disorder based on the calculated RGB values and the area ratio. Diagnosing variability in photographic data due to weather, obtaining absolute color of leaves, capturing more accurate changes, and enabling the diagnostician to accurately determine plant nutritional disorders and diseases Can be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing Embodiment 1 of a plant leaf surface photographing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing Embodiment 1 of the plant leaf surface photographing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing Embodiment 2 of a plant leaf surface photographing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a plant leaf surface photographing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of leaf surface image processing according to a third embodiment of the plant leaf surface photographing apparatus.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a leaf image processing according to the third embodiment of the plant leaf imaging apparatus.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of color image processing during leaf image processing shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing leaf surface image data according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of an example of a conventional technique.

FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of another example of a conventional description.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Plant leaf imaging jig main body 13 Camera 13a Color CCD camera 13b Digital camera 15 Fluorescent lamp 17 Background plate 17a Light shielding cover 19 Hinge 21 Slit 23 Leaf surface 25 Wire net 27 Leaf suction unit 29 Compressor 31 Camera mount 33 Sponge 35 Reflection Plate 36 Square hole 37 Fluorescent lamp mount 39 Lighting plate 41 Round hole 43 Cylindrical part 45 Fixed part 51 Video computer graphic image processing part 53 Memory card 55 Memory card processor 57 Color photograph 59 Color image scanner 61 Leaf information recognition part 63 Background color deletion unit 65 Lesion site extraction unit 67 RGB value calculation unit 69 Lesion area calculation unit 71 Diagnosis unit

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI G01N 21/85 G01N 21/85 A

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A net-like background plate provided behind a leaf surface of a plant, a leaf surface suction unit provided behind the background plate and sucking the leaf surface of the plant to the background plate by pressure, and the plant A light source that irradiates light to the leaf surface, and a photographing unit that photographs the leaf surface of the plant irradiated by the light source in a state where the leaf surface is sucked to the background plate by the leaf surface suction unit. Plant foliage photographing equipment. 2. A plant foliage photographing jig for blocking incident light from the outside is provided, wherein the plant foliage photographing jig comprises: a light source for irradiating a predetermined amount of light to a leaf surface of the plant; A plant leaf surface photographing apparatus, comprising: a fixing unit that fixes a leaf surface; and a photographing unit that photographs a leaf surface of a plant illuminated by the light source while being fixed by the fixing unit. 3. The fixing portion includes a mesh-like background plate provided behind the leaf surface of the plant, and a leaf surface provided behind the background plate to suck the leaf surface of the plant to the background plate by pressure. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a suction unit. 4. A lesion site extraction unit for extracting lesion site data corresponding to a lesion site from leaf surface image data of a plant imaged by the imaging unit, and extracted by the lesion site extraction unit. RG of lesion data
A calculating unit for calculating a B value and calculating an area ratio of the lesion site data to the leaf surface image data; and a diagnosis for diagnosing the nutritional disorder of the plant based on the RGB value and the area ratio calculated by the calculating unit. The plant leaf photographing device according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising: a unit.