JPH1076837A - Heating system for automobile - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an automobile heating system that is capable of improvement in heating performance simultaneously at both front and rear sides, improvement in fuel consumption and recovery at time of trouble. SOLUTION: Each of heater cores 13 and 23 is installed in both front and rear units 10 and 20, and a condenser 3 heating hot water to flow into these heater cores 13 and 23 in use of a high temperature-pressure coolant is installed in space between each hot-water inlet of these cores 13, 23 and a hot-water outlet of an engine 1, while an evaporator 6 cooling the hot water run out of these heater cores 13 and 23 in use of a low temperature-pressure coolant is installed in space between each hot-water outlet of these cores 13, 23 and hot-water inlet of the engine 1 as well.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heating apparatus for an automobile in which hot water is heated by using a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant in a refrigeration cycle.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, in recent luxury cars and one-box cars having a relatively large interior space, a front area (for example, a front area) in the interior of the interior of the vehicle is provided so that a comfortable air-conditioning state can be obtained for the entire interior. An air conditioner for an automobile, usually called a dual air conditioner, is provided, in which a seat portion) is independently air-conditioned by a front unit and a rear region (for example, a rear seat portion of a second seat, a third seat, etc.) by a rear unit. It is installed.

As an air conditioner for an automobile of this type, for example, during a heating operation, a front unit uses engine cooling water as a heat source, while a rear unit uses high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by a compressor as a heat source. There is such a system. This type of device is called a heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle because it heats a vehicle interior by drawing heat from low-temperature external air in a refrigerant circulation process (refrigeration cycle).

[0004] However, when a heating operation is performed by this type of device, for example, when the outside air temperature is low, such as in the morning of winter, the temperature of the engine cooling water is low at the time of startup, and the temperature of the refrigerant rises rapidly. Because it is not, it is difficult for warm air to be blown out at the same time as operation start,
There is a possibility that the so-called immediate warming property becomes insufficient, and the heating performance also tends to be insufficient. In particular, in a one-box car with a large cabin space equipped with a diesel engine, the temperature of the engine cooling water rises slowly compared to a normal gasoline engine car, and since it has to heat a large space, immediate warming, Heating performance tends to be insufficient.

[0005] Therefore, at present, a heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle is provided in which a refrigerant is heated using heat of engine cooling water and a higher heating performance is exhibited by using a higher temperature refrigerant having an increased enthalpy. An apparatus has been developed (for example, see Japanese Patent Application No. 7-271621).

[0006]

However, in the above-described heat pump type system in which the front unit uses hot water and the rear unit uses high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant to heat air, the following concerns are raised. There is.

[0007] First, especially for the rear unit, generally in the refrigerating cycle, when the compressor discharge pressure rises to protect the compressor, the ON / OFF state of the compressor is increased.
Since the discharge pressure is lowered by performing the OFF control, there is a certain limit to the rise of the refrigerant temperature, and therefore,
There is also a certain limit to the temperature of the air heated by heat exchange therewith, that is, the temperature of the blown air (for example, only a maximum of about 60 ° C. outlet temperature is obtained in consideration of the reliability of the compressor).

Second, since the compressor is always operated not only at the time of heating (at the time of low outside air temperature) but also at the time of temperature control (at the time of intermediate outside air temperature), an ordinary heating system which exclusively uses hot water to heat air is used. However, fuel efficiency may decrease.

Third, in the event that the compressor or the like breaks down, the rear unit does not function at all and the rear seat cannot be heated.

[0010] Fourth, since the front unit and the rear unit use different heat sources (the former is hot water and the latter is a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant), the heating performance of the front unit and the rear unit is simultaneously improved by one means. Can not be planned.

By the way, in cold regions, for example, many vehicles are equipped with only a device for heating the interior of a vehicle (vehicle heating device) as an air conditioner for a vehicle, and there is a great demand for such a heating device for a vehicle. Focusing only on heating, there has been a strong demand for the development of an automotive heating system that can solve the above concerns.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems in a heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle currently being developed by the present applicant. It is an object of the present invention to provide a completely new automotive heating system that can solve all of the problems.

[0013]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, hot water for cooling an engine is used in a ventilation passage for sending intake air toward a vehicle interior. A heater core for heating the intake air is provided, and between a hot water inlet of the heater core and a hot water outlet of the engine, a hot water flowing into the heater core is heated by using a refrigerant discharged from a compressor constituting a refrigeration cycle. (1) a second heat exchange that includes a heat exchanger and cools hot water flowing out of the heater core between a hot water outlet of the heater core and a hot water inlet of the engine by using a refrigerant flowing out of the first heat exchanger; A container is provided.

According to the present invention, the hot water flowing from the engine to the heater core uses the refrigerant discharged from the compressor in the first heat exchanger, that is, the hot water flows with the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor. It is heated by heat exchange (radiation from the cycle) and its temperature rises. As a result, hotter hot water flows through the heater core, so that the air passing through the heater core is heated to a higher temperature, and the temperature of the blown air rises. In addition, the warm water returning from the heater core to the engine is insulated by the expansion valve through the second heat exchanger using the refrigerant flowing out of the first heat exchanger, that is, flowing out of the first heat exchanger, passing through the liquid tank. After being cooled by heat exchange (heat absorption into the cycle) with the expanded low-temperature and low-pressure vaporizable refrigerant, it returns to the engine. In other words, instead of using a high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant to directly heat air as in a so-called heat pump heater, it indirectly heats hot water, but heating the hot water raises the temperature of the hot water flowing through the heater core. Therefore, the heating performance is improved as compared with a normal hot water heater.
Also, since hot water whose temperature can rise to nearly 100 ° C. is used as the heat source of the blown air, the heating performance is improved as compared with a heat pump type heater having a certain limit in the rise of the refrigerant temperature by controlling the compressor discharge pressure (Pd). .

Further, if the compressor is stopped, it operates as a normal hot water type heater. Therefore, if the compressor is stopped after the temperature of the hot water has sufficiently risen, it is not necessary to always operate the compressor.

Further, even if the compressor or the like breaks down, heating of the hot water by heat exchange with the refrigerant becomes impossible, but the heating itself can still be performed because the heater can still operate as a normal hot water heater.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, there are provided a first ventilation path and a second ventilation path for sending the taken air toward a front area and a rear area in the vehicle interior, respectively. The heater cores are respectively connected to the first
It is characterized by being arranged in the ventilation path and the second ventilation path.

According to the present invention, both the front area (front side) and the rear area (rear side) in the vehicle compartment are heated by hot water heated by heat exchange with the refrigerant. Thereby, the heating performance of the front side and the rear side can be simultaneously improved by one means.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are integrated with a liquid tank and an expansion valve. .

In the present invention, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger
The heat exchanger, the liquid tank, and the expansion valve are integrated, and space efficiency is effectively achieved. For example, it can be mounted in one unit in the space under the floor of the vehicle.

[0021]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing one embodiment of a vehicle heating device according to the present invention. The vehicle heating apparatus includes a front unit 10 and a rear unit 20 that heat inside and outside air taken in by a blower and blow out the air toward a front seat and a rear seat in a vehicle interior.

The two units 10 and 20 have exactly the same structure, and have a ventilation passage 11 and a ventilation passage 11 formed in a casing, respectively, similarly to a conventional general automobile heating device.
21, blowers 12 and 22 and heater cores 13 and 23 are arranged in order from the upstream side in the air flow direction indicated by the white arrow.
Are arranged. Hereinafter, front unit 1
The heater core 13 in 0 is called a front heater core, and the heater core 23 in the rear unit 20 is called a rear heater core. The heater cores 13 and 23 are heat exchangers that heat intake air using cooling water (hot water) of the engine 1. Although not shown, in more detail,
Both units 10 and 20 have an intake unit and a heater unit in order from the upstream side, and are configured by connecting both with a heater duct. An intake unit and the blowers 12 and 22 are arranged in the intake unit, and an air mix door and the heater cores 13 and 2 are arranged in the heater unit.
3 are arranged. The air mix door is provided in front of the heater cores 13 and 23, and adjusts the ratio of hot air that has passed through the heater cores 13 and 23 to cool air (outside air) that bypasses the heater cores 13 and 23 and has a desired temperature in the downstream area of the heater cores 13 and 23. Or air is prevented from flowing through the heater cores 13 and 23. Various outlets are formed on the downstream side of the heater cores 13 and 23 of the heater unit to the front seat and the rear seat in the vehicle interior, respectively.

The engine 1 and the heater cores 13 and 23 in each of the units 10 and 20 are connected to each other by hot water pipes. Hot water discharged from the engine flows in the middle and flows into each of the heater cores 13 and 23. The warm water flowing out of the pipes 13 and 23 joins on the way and returns to the engine 1. Although not shown, each heater core 13,
Water cocks are provided at the warm water inlets 23, respectively, and by opening the water cocks, warm water is introduced from the engine 1 to the heater cores 13 and 23, respectively.

Further, outside the two units 10 and 20,
A compressor 2 rotationally driven by an engine 1;
A condenser 3 capable of circulating hot water functioning as a first heat exchanger, a liquid tank 4, an expansion valve 5, and an evaporator 6 capable of circulating hot water functioning as a second heat exchanger are provided. The refrigeration cycle uses these compressors 2,
The condenser 3, the liquid tank 4, the expansion valve 5, and the evaporator 6 are connected by piping. For example, the condenser 3 and the evaporator 6 are schematically shown in FIG.
The passages through which hot water flows and the passages through which the refrigerant flows are formed in each of the structures, and heat is exchanged between the warm water and the refrigerant.

The condenser 3 is provided between the hot water inlets of the heater cores 13 and 23 and the hot water outlet of the engine 1.
3 has a function of heating the hot water flowing to the compressor 3 by using the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2, that is, by exchanging heat (radiation from the cycle) with the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1.

On the other hand, the evaporator 6 includes the heater core 1
The hot water returning from the heater cores 13 and 23 to the engine 1 is provided between the hot water outlets (confluence points) of the hot water outlets 3 and 23 and the hot water inlet of the engine 1 by using the refrigerant flowing out of the condenser 3, That is, it has a function of cooling by heat exchange (heat absorption into the cycle) with the low-temperature, low-pressure vaporizable refrigerant adiabatically expanded by the expansion valve 5 through the liquid tank 4, flowing out of the condenser 3, and passing through the liquid tank 4.

Next, the operation will be described. During heating, when the water cocks (not shown) of both the front unit 10 and the rear unit 20 are opened, warm water flows from the engine 1 through the condenser 3 to the front heater core 13 and the rear heater core 23, respectively. After flowing through the front heater core 13 and the rear heater core 23, respectively, and return to the engine 1 through the evaporator 6. At this time, turn on compressor 2.
Then, a refrigeration cycle is established in which the refrigerant circulates through the compressor 2 → the condenser 3 → the liquid tank 4 → the expansion valve 5 → the evaporator 6 → the compressor 2 and the condenser 3 and the evaporator 6 function. That is, the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 2 in the state of the superheated steam is adiabatically compressed by the compressor 2, becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant, and is discharged from the compressor 2. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant is led to the condenser 3, where it releases heat to the hot water flowing from the engine 1 and heats the hot water to become a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant. Next, the liquid refrigerant passes through the liquid tank 4 and passes through the expansion valve 5 to be adiabatically expanded to become a gas-liquid mixed refrigerant which is easily vaporized. Then, the liquid refrigerant is guided to the evaporator 6 where the heater cores 13 and 23 transmit the liquid refrigerant. It absorbs heat from the hot water that has flowed out, cools the hot water, and continues to expand under constant pressure while evaporating.
Inhaled. Therefore, the hot water flowing from the engine 1 to each of the heater cores 13 and 23 is heated by the heat exchange with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant by the condenser 3 and its temperature rises. As a result, the heating performance of the heater cores 13 and 23 is improved. As a result, each heater core 13, 2
The air passing through 3 will be heated to a higher temperature.
Further, the hot water returning to the engine 1 from each of the heater cores 13 and 23 is cooled by heat exchange with the low-temperature and low-pressure vaporizable refrigerant by the evaporator 6 and its temperature is reduced, so that the cooling effect of the engine 1 is enhanced. When the compressor 2 is turned off, the above refrigeration cycle is not established,
It operates as a normal hot water heater using hot water.

At this time, the air taken into the front unit 10 and the rear unit 20 by the blowers 12 and 22, respectively, is heated by the heater cores 13 and 23, flows down, and flows from a predetermined outlet into the vehicle interior. It is blown out to the front seat and the back seat. At this time, the front and rear seats are independently heated or temperature-controlled by adjusting the opening of each air mix door (not shown).

After the temperature of the hot water has risen sufficiently,
Turn compressor 2 off to avoid unnecessary heating of hot water
F to stop the heat pump system and operate as a normal hot water heater.

At the beginning of heating, it is also possible to add a control to prevent air from passing through the heater cores 13 and 23 by the respective air mixing doors (not shown) until the blown air temperature rises to some extent. .

At the time of temperature control, the opening of each air mix door (not shown) is adjusted so that each of the heater cores 13 and 23 is adjusted.
The outlet temperature is adjusted by adjusting the mix ratio of the hot air heated by the above and the cool air (outside air) bypassing the hot air.

When it is not necessary to perform heating (for example, in summer), each water cock (not shown) is closed to prevent hot water from being introduced into each of the heater cores 13 and 23.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the hot water is indirectly heated instead of directly heating the air using a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant as in a so-called heat pump type heater. Is heated, the temperature of the hot water flowing through the heater cores 13 and 23 increases, so that the heating performance is improved as compared with a normal hot water heater. Further, since hot water whose temperature can rise to nearly 100 ° C. is used as a heat source of the blown air, as compared with a heat pump type heater having a certain limit in the rise of the refrigerant temperature by controlling the compressor discharge pressure (Pd) as described above, Heating performance is improved. For example, according to an experiment, a maximum outlet temperature of 70 ° C. or higher was obtained.

When the compressor 2 is turned off, the compressor 2 operates as a normal hot water heater. Therefore, if the compressor 2 is stopped after the temperature of the hot water has sufficiently increased, it is not necessary to operate the compressor 2 at all times. Can be improved.

Further, even when the compressor 2 or the like breaks down, the hot water cannot be heated by heat exchange with the refrigerant. However, since the heater can still operate as a normal hot water heater, the heating itself is still possible. That is, recovery in the event of the compressor 2 and system failure is possible.

Further, since both the front unit 10 and the rear unit 20 can be heated by hot water heated by heat exchange with the refrigerant, the heating performance can be simultaneously improved on the front side and the rear side.

It is preferable to integrate the condenser 3, the evaporator 6, the liquid tank 4, and the expansion valve 5 in order to make the space efficiency effective and reduce the cost. FIG. 3 is an external view showing an example of the integrated unit, and FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the unit. Here, FIG. 4A shows a structure in which hot water flows, and FIG.
(B) shows the structure in which the refrigerant flows.

In the figure, 30 is an integrated unit, 31
Denotes a condenser section corresponding to the condenser 3, 32 denotes a liquid tank section corresponding to the liquid tank 4, and 33 denotes an evaporator section corresponding to the evaporator 6. The expansion valve 5 is attached to the evaporator section 33 of the unit 30.

As described above, when the condenser 3, the evaporator 6, the liquid tank 4, and the expansion valve 5 are integrated, they can be mounted as one unit in the space under the floor of the vehicle, so that space can be saved and low Cost reduction is also achieved. In addition, since the liquid tank 4 and the evaporator 6 are integrated and the liquid tank 32 and the evaporator 33 are brought into contact, heat exchange is performed between the two and the performance is improved.

[0040]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, since the hot water is heated by using the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, the temperature of the hot water flowing through the heater core is increased, and the heating performance is improved. Further, since the heater operates as a normal hot water heater even when the compressor is stopped, it is not necessary to constantly operate the compressor, thereby improving fuel efficiency. Furthermore, even if the compressor or the like breaks down, the heater can still be operated as a normal hot water heater, so that heating itself is still possible.

According to the second aspect of the invention, in addition to the effect of the first aspect, the front and rear sides of the vehicle interior can be heated by hot water heated by heat exchange with the refrigerant. (1) The heating performance of the front side and the rear side can be simultaneously improved by one means.

According to the third aspect of the invention, in addition to the effects of the first or second aspect, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the liquid tank, and the expansion valve are integrated. Thus, effective space efficiency and cost reduction can be achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of an automotive heating device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an external view showing a structure of a capacitor and an evaporator shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is an external view showing an example of an integrated unit.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the unit.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Engine 2 ... Compressor 3 ... Condenser (1st heat exchanger) 4 ... Liquid tank 5 ... Expansion valve 6 ... Evaporator (2nd heat exchanger) 11, 21 ... Ventilation path 13, 23 ... Heater core 30 ... Integrated Unit

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] December 9, 1996

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] Figure 2

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 2

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] Figure 3

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 3

Claims (3)

[Claims] A heater core (13, 23) for heating intake air using hot water for cooling an engine (1) in a ventilation path (11, 21) for sending the intake air toward a vehicle interior. And the heater cores (13, 23)
Between the hot water inlet of the engine and the hot water outlet of the engine (1),
A first heat exchanger (3) for heating hot water flowing into the heater cores (13, 23) using a refrigerant discharged from a compressor (2) constituting a refrigeration cycle, the heater cores (13, 23) being provided; Between the hot water outlet of the first heat exchanger (3) and the hot water inlet of the engine (1) using the refrigerant flowing out of the first heat exchanger (3).
A heating device for an automobile, comprising a second heat exchanger (6) for cooling hot water flowing out of (3). 2. A heater according to claim 1, further comprising a first air passage and a second air passage for sending the air taken in toward a front area and a rear area in the vehicle interior, respectively.
The heating device for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the first and second ventilation paths (3, 23) are respectively disposed in the first ventilation path (11) and the second ventilation path (21). 3. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are integrated together with a liquid tank and an expansion valve. A heating device for an automobile according to the above.