JPH1068295A - Concrete segment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To irregularity-fit segments together without requiring the fasteing by bolts and facilitate assembling by protrusively or recessively arranging rolled angle steels on the outside of the periphery of the concrete segment for a tunnel inner wall. SOLUTION: Rolled angle steels 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S are protrusively or recessively arranged on the outside of the periphery of a concrete segment 10, and they are welded to reinforcing bars 16 and a fixed reinforcing bar 17 to be fixed in concrete 18. When the segments 10 are to be connected, seal materials are inserted between the irregularity-fit rolled angle steels S to improve the water stop property. The rolled angle steels S are connected together subsidiarily by bolts, headed pins, clamps, or clips, and the segment 10 is fixed to the base rock of a tunnel inner wall by lock bolts. The soil pressure from the peripheral natural ground is received by the irregularity-fitting of the rolled angle steels S, no bolt fastening is required, and the segment 10 can be easily positioned via the utilization of the rolled angle steels S.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a concrete segment which is a lining material used for a shield method, which is one of tunneling methods.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a shield method is often used as a tunnel method for excavating a tunnel in soft ground. In the shield method, a steel or concrete segment was often used as a lining material for supporting an inner peripheral surface of a tunnel that was excavated. The concrete segment includes a steel concrete segment in which concrete is cast in a steel frame.

FIG. 10 shows an example of a frame of the steel concrete segment. The frame 5 is formed by welding a main girder 52 and a joint plate 51 in a frame shape, further welding a skin plate 53 to the outside, and attaching a vertical rib 54 to the inside to reinforce the frame. The joint plate 51 and the main girder 52 have holes 5 for fastening bolts.
1a and 52a are provided. These holes 51a, 52
No concrete is cast near "a", and a space (not shown) for performing a bolt fastening manual operation is formed.

As shown in FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b), the joint plate and the main girder are fastened with bolts 55 to cover the tunnel.
Apart from tunnels excavated by the shield method, some tunnels are excavated using advanced shafts.

[0005] That is, before excavating the original tunnel, the advanced tunnel, which is a small tunnel, is excavated with a TBM (tunnel boring machine), and the remaining cross section is crushed by blasting or the like, and the original tunnel is excavated. It goes. In this case, the above-mentioned steel or concrete segments may be used for the advanced shaft, and the steel or concrete segments are assembled by bolting as in the case of the shield tunnel, and the advanced shaft is assembled. The inner surface of the pit was lining.

[0006]

However, in the conventional steel or concrete segments, the main girders 52 and the joint plates 51 must be fastened by bolts 55, and the number of bolt fastening points is very large. A large amount of time is required for the fastening operation. In addition, the TBM has a very high excavation speed as compared with the shielded excavation machine, but it takes much time to assemble the lining material using the conventional steel or concrete segments, so that the tunnel construction speed is reduced. It often decreased due to work.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a concrete segment which does not need to be fastened by bolts and is easy to assemble.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

(1) A first invention is a lining material for an inner wall of a tunnel,
It is a concrete segment having the following features. (A) It is made of concrete and the plane shape is a quadrilateral,
(B) On the four sides of the quadrilateral, a rolled angle iron is disposed along the side, and the angle of the angle of the cross-sectional shape of the rolled angle iron is
(C) When the concrete segments are combined with each other, the protrusions and the recesses can be fitted to each other.

(2) A second invention is a concrete segment wherein the rolled angle irons arranged on two opposing sides of the four sides are convex outward or concave outward. It is.

(3) In a third aspect, the rolled angle iron is
A concrete segment welded to a reinforcing bar disposed in the concrete segment.

(4) A fourth invention is a concrete segment wherein the quadrilateral is an isosceles trapezoid or an unequal legs trapezoid.

(5) A fifth invention is a concrete segment wherein the concrete segment is curved at a predetermined curvature, and the predetermined curvature forms an arc.

[0013]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a concrete segment 10 according to the present invention. 1 (A) is a plan view thereof, FIG. 1 (B) is a partial right side view and a partial right sectional view,
FIG. 1C is a sectional view taken along line YY of FIG. The concrete segment 10 has a rectangular planar shape,
This plane (FIG. 1A) is a concave arc surface having a predetermined curvature. This curvature is usually an arc in many cases. This is because the tunnel usually has a circular cross section. However, sometimes the cross section has an elliptical cross section. In this case, the curvature may form a part of the ellipse.

Thus, a pair of rectangular long sides 14, 15
Are also curved in the shape of an arc having the same curvature as the curvature. The pair of short sides 12 and 13 of the rectangle are not curved but straight. Rolled angle irons 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S are arranged along each side 12, 13, 14, 15. Long side 1
Rolled angle iron 14S of one long side 14 of 4, 15 is
The direction of the chevron of the cross-sectional shape is outwardly convex. The other long side 1
In the rolled angle iron 15S of No. 5, the angle of the cross-section is concave outward.

Similarly, one short side 1 of the short sides 12 and 13
In the second rolled angle iron 12S, the direction of the angle of the cross-sectional shape is outwardly convex. In the rolled angle steel 13S of the other short side 13, the angle of the cross section is concave outward. These rolled angle irons 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S are paired with side 1
In 2 and 13, 14 and 15, the size and the arrangement angle of the chevron are determined so that they can be fitted to each other. In addition, the segment ring of the tunnel can be formed by this fitting.

The segment body is provided with a reinforcing bar 16 like a conventional concrete segment, and a concrete 18
Is installed. Rolled angle irons 12S, 13S, 14
S and 15S are fixed in the concrete 18 by the reinforcing bar 16 and the fixing bar 17. FIG. 2 shows a fixing structure of angle iron in the concrete segment according to the present invention (in FIG. 2, the reinforcing bar 16 of the segment main body is omitted). As shown in FIG. 2, when assembling the segments, the sealing material 19 is inserted into the gap formed by the rolled angle iron fillets that fit together to improve the water stoppage. When the angle iron is used in this way, it is possible to perform a water-stopping seal without providing a seal groove, and to obtain a sufficient water-stopping effect.

FIG. 3 shows a state in which concrete segments 10 are combined with each other in a tunnel cross section to form a segment ring by the fitting. In this combined state, five types of concrete segments 10 are used. Rolled angle irons 12S, 1 at short sides 12, 13 of concrete segment 10 on the lower side in the figure.
The directions of the chevron of the cross-sectional shape of 3S are convex outward and concave outward. This is simply indicated as convex-concave.

The adjacent concrete segments 10 form a combination row of convex-concave, convex-convex, concave-concave, convex-concave, and convex-concave counterclockwise of the segment ring. In order to enable this combination row, three pairs of convex-convex, concave-concave, and convex-concave are required for the pair of concave and convex on the short side of each concrete segment 10 as described above. is there.

In another combination state (not shown), another combination row is conceivable. At this time, there are cases where all three pairs of convex-convex, concave-concave, and convex-concave are used, and two or one pairs.

Further, in the axial direction of the tunnel, that is, in the long side direction of the concrete segment 10, only one pair of concave-convex pair of long side is sufficient, and the combination row is convex-concave.
Concave, convex-concave, convex-concave ... (see FIG. 4B).

FIG. 4 shows an assembled state of various concrete segments 10 by developing the inner surface of the tunnel. In the figure, the arrow D1 on the left indicates the direction in which the concrete segment 10 is assembled, and coincides with the excavation direction of the TBM indicated by the arrow D2 on the right. The concrete segment 10 has a plurality of objects A, B1, B
2, K is used.

Then, the inner wall of the tunnel is mostly covered with a concrete segment A having a rectangular planar shape, then unequal leg trapezoidal concrete segments B1 and B2 are inserted, and finally an equal leg trapezoidal concrete segment is inserted. Insert K and lining the entire tunnel. The concrete segment K has a narrower width at the distal end in the insertion direction to facilitate insertion and assembly. These insertion directions are indicated by arrows D3 in the figure.

As shown in FIG. 4, it is desirable that the short sides between the assembled concrete segments 10 are not connected in a straight line in the axial direction of the tunnel.

FIG. 5 shows a concrete segment 10.
1 shows an aspect of fastening in which the rolled angle irons S are fitted and connected to each other to perform fastening. Between the rolled angle irons S, a shearing force transmitting material 19 that also functions as a sealing material and a cushioning material is disposed ((A) in the figure). In the drawing, the thickness dimension (vertical dimension in the figure) of the concrete is larger than the vertical dimension of the rolled angle iron S, but in other embodiments, it can be equal to or smaller than the vertical dimension of the rolled angle iron.

That is, the thickness dimension of the concrete can be set as a one-dot chain line or a two-dot chain line in the figure.
In this case, by increasing the rolled angle iron S, even if the thickness of the concrete is small, the strength of the entire concrete segment 10 can be maintained at a sufficient level.

At the time of fitting, the cross-section top 20 of the outwardly convex rolled angle steel S can be positioned by sliding on the slope 21 of the outwardly concave rolled angle steel S ((B) in the figure), so that the position error is reduced. It can be absorbed, the degree of freedom of positioning is increased, and the fitting is easily performed. As for the position error, not only the error in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction in the figure, but also the angle error is easily absorbed.

In the drawing, a seal groove 19A for a seal material may be separately provided. The bolt 22 is used for the connection after the fitting. That is, the bolt 22 is inserted into the hole 23 that communicates with the fitted and overlapped rolled angle steel S, and the male screw 24 at the tip is inserted into the female screw 26 of the embedded metal fitting 25 embedded behind the rolled angle steel S on the back side. It is screwed in and a connection is made.

FIG. 6 shows another connection mode between the rolled angle irons S. In FIG. 5, the bolt 22 is inserted from the outside of the angle of the rolled angle steel S. However, as shown in FIG. 6, a pin 28 with a head may be inserted from the inside of the angle. As compared with the work space (recess formed in concrete) 30 shown in FIG. 4, it is necessary to insert a worker's hand into the inside of the chevron, and the work space 31 becomes large.

FIG. 7 shows a method of fixing the concrete segment 10 to the rock on the inner wall of the tunnel by the lock bolt 32. The head of the lock bolt 32 is attached through a mounting plate (not shown), and the mounting plate is embedded when the concrete segment 10 is poured into concrete.

FIG. 8 shows still another connection mode between the rolled angle irons S. For this connection, a clamp 33 as shown in FIG. 8A was used. The clamp 33 is relatively easily removable in the X direction in FIG. 8B, but has a sufficient tensile strength in the Y direction. FIG. 8C shows the clamped state. This clamp 33 may be made of steel or plastic.

FIG. 9 shows still another connection mode between the rolled angle irons S. This connection includes an L-shaped clip 3
5 was used. 9 (A) shows the shape of the L-shaped clip 35, FIG. 9 (B) shows a process of connecting with the L-shaped clip 35, and FIG. 9 (C) shows a state of finally connecting. This L-shaped clip 35 is inserted into the pin hole of the angle iron flange, and when it is rotated as shown in the figure (B), the pins "1", "2", "3" and "4" (in the figure) Now these numbers are circled) to clip two angle iron flanges.

As shown in FIG. 4, between the pieces (circumferential direction)
If the joint position is not aligned in the axial direction of the tunnel, a sufficient shearing force can be transmitted by the fitting of the rolled angle steel between the rings (axial direction), so that it has sufficient structural strength. A segment ring is obtained. Therefore, the various connection forms described above are auxiliary, for example, necessary for assembling. When an assembling apparatus (not shown) having a holding mechanism for each piece of the segment is used, these connection forms are used. Becomes unnecessary.

In any case, since the concrete segment 10 does not need to be fastened by bolts, the assembling time can be greatly reduced. Although the concrete segment 10 of the present invention has been invented for the purpose of providing a reasonable lining material in a mountain tunnel, it can also be used as a lining material (concrete segment) in a conventional shield method. In addition, when constructing a combination of segments, inserting neoprene rubber or a water-swellable seal (urethane resin, expandable resin, specially modified rubber, etc.) into the connecting portion will prevent water leakage in the tunnel. It is desirable to prevent it.

[0034]

EXAMPLE As shown in FIG. 1, a tunnel having a diameter of 5 m was covered with a concrete segment 10. Rolled angle iron S
Used was 75 × 75 mm. As shown in FIG. 2, five concrete segments 10 were assembled to have a circular cross section. Concrete segment 10
Rolled angle irons S were fitted between the short sides 12, 13 and the long sides 14, 15 therebetween as shown in the figure.

The connection between the concrete segments 10 is performed by the method shown in FIGS. When the embedded metal fitting 25 is used as shown in FIG. 5, a space 30 for work can be reduced, and a large concave portion is not formed in the concrete.
The strength between them can be maintained.

When a pin 28 with a head as shown in FIG. 6 was used, unlike a bolt, it was only necessary to insert it, and the construction was easy. The pin 28 is connected to the concrete segment 1
One place at 0 was sufficient. Depending on the position of the concrete segment 10, the head of the pin 28 is always up.

The lock bolt 32 shown in FIG. 7 is installed from the inside of the concrete segment 10 at regular intervals (every 500 m in this embodiment) to prevent the concrete segment 10 from moving in the tunnel axial direction. In this case, until the concrete segment K (see FIG. 4) is inserted, the concrete segments A and B (see FIG. 4)
It could be held by a support device (not shown) provided behind the BM.

When earth pressure acts on the concrete segment 10 constructed in this manner from the surrounding ground, the angle iron is sufficiently fitted at the axial joint of the tunnel, so that it has sufficient resistance to shear displacement. In addition, the adjacent ring was able to sufficiently resist the moment acting on the joint between the concrete segments 10, and the concrete segment 10 was sufficiently safe as a structure.

[0039]

【The invention's effect】

1) The structure of the concrete segment according to the present invention is as follows:
Since the fastening does not need to be performed by bolts or the number of bolts is reduced, connection and assembly are simple. 2) Also, at the time of fitting by the rolled angle iron, the cross-section top convex to the outside of the rolled angle iron can be positioned by sliding on the concave slope outside the rolled angle iron, so that the degree of freedom of positioning is increased.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1A and 1B show the shape of a concrete segment according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 1A is a plan view, FIG. 1B is a partial right side view and a partial right sectional view, and FIG. It is sectional drawing.

FIG. 2 is a view showing an anchor structure of an angle iron in a concrete segment according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a combination in a case where a ring of a tunnel is constituted by a concrete segment according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 (A) shows the inside of a tunnel when the tunnel is lining with the concrete segment according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a development view showing a combination of various concrete segments, (B) is an axial sectional view of (A), and (C) is a circumferential sectional view of (A).

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state where the concrete segment according to the present invention is connected to a bolt and an embedding metal fitting.

FIG. 6 is a view showing a state in which the concrete segments according to the present invention are connected by a headed pin.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a state in which the concrete segment according to the present invention is fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel with a lock bolt.

FIG. 8 is a view showing a process of connecting concrete segments according to the present invention with clamps.

FIG. 9 is a view showing a process of connecting concrete segments according to the present invention with L-shaped clips.

FIG. 10 is a view showing a conventional steel concrete segment.

FIG. 11 is a view showing a mode of connecting conventional steel concrete segments.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Concrete segment 12, 13 Short side 14, 15 Long side S Rolled angle iron 16 Reinforcing bar 17 Reinforcing bar 18 Concrete 19 Sealing material 20 Top 21 Slope

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A concrete segment which is a lining material for an inner wall of a tunnel and has the following characteristics. (A) It is made of concrete and the plane shape is a quadrilateral,
(B) On the four sides of the quadrilateral, a rolled angle iron is disposed along the side, and the angle of the angle of the cross-sectional shape of the rolled angle iron is
(C) When the concrete segments are combined with each other, the protrusions and the recesses can be fitted to each other. 2. The concrete segment according to claim 1, wherein the rolled angle irons arranged on two opposing sides of the four sides are convex outward or concave outward. 3. The concrete segment according to claim 1, wherein the rolled angle iron is welded to a reinforcing bar disposed in the concrete segment. 4. The concrete segment according to claim 1, wherein said quadrilateral is an isosceles trapezoid or an unequal legs trapezoid. 5. The concrete segment according to claim 1, wherein the concrete segment is curved at a predetermined curvature, and the predetermined curvature forms an arc. .