JPH1052166A - Mushroom cultivation chamber and cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mushroom cultivation method capable of stably keeping the atmospheric condition of a cultivation chamber containing mushroom cultivation shelves stacked in multiple layers and a stacker crane. SOLUTION: This mushroom cultivation chamber 100 is provided with a stacker crane 101, cultivation shelves 105 stacked at both sides of the traveling zone 104 of the crane and an air-conditioning means for the chamber. Cultivation bases are placed on the cultivation shelves 105 and the ambient atmosphere is conditioned to the state optimum for the cultivation by the air-conditioning means. In the above mushroom cultivation method, a gyrating air flow ascending in the cultivation chamber along the wall faces 120 encircling the cultivation shelves 105 is generated by a blower 1 directed slantly upward, the air in the stacker crane traveling zone is sucked with an air cooler attached to the ceiling part and cold air is supplied toward the wall face 120 parallel to the traveling direction of the stacker crane to effect the conditioning of the atmospheric environment.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to artificial mushroom cultivation, and more particularly to a mushroom cultivation apparatus using a stacker crane and a multi-stage shelf, and an improvement in a cultivation method thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Artificial cultivation of mushrooms has started as a side business of farmers, but with the expansion of production scale, labor costs and equipment costs have increased.
It is a major factor that puts pressure on profits. Mushroom cultivation is performed by adjusting the water content of a mixture of nutrients for growing mushrooms, such as rice bran, in a plastic wide-mouth bottle of about 800 to 1000 cc, a powdery base material made of plant material such as sawdust and corn cob, and rice bran. The filled and heat-sterilized one is used as a culture medium for mushroom cultivation.

[0003] The culture medium thus obtained is inoculated with a mushroom inoculum of interest, and firstly in a mushroom cultivation room adjusted to the optimum temperature and humidity conditions for cultivation of the mushroom mycelium. Culture is performed (culturing step). As the hypha grows, metabolic gas mainly composed of carbon dioxide is released from the culture medium, and at the same time, the temperature of the culture medium rises due to heat of metabolism. Therefore, in adjusting the atmosphere surrounding the culture medium, it is extremely important not only to adjust the temperature and humidity, but also to prevent a decrease in carbon dioxide concentration and an abnormal increase in temperature of the culture medium.

[0004] When the hypha has spread to the culture medium and the mycelium has matured sufficiently, the culture medium is removed to the inoculum only and is transferred to a sprouting chamber equipped with conditions for mushroom development to promote germination. . When the germination is complete, the mushrooms are transferred to the growth process through processes such as leveling and suppression so that the growth of the mushrooms is uniform, and the mushrooms are sufficiently grown and then harvested. Since the cultivation conditions are different in each of these steps, the culture medium is placed on a pallet for a forklift and transported and moved by a forklift, or a fertilizer is attached to a cultivation shelf in which the culture medium is stored. This is performed in a cultivation room where the conditions are adjusted by moving the shelves.

In such a conventional cultivation method, it takes time to move the culture medium, and a cultivation room having a large area is required. In order to solve this drawback, mushroom cultivation rooms using stacker cranes used for automatic warehouses and multi-stage storage shelves have begun to be used in recent years. In the conventional forklift transportation method, the height for storing the culture medium was limited to 4 to 5 meters. However, this cultivation room can be used even on a cultivation shelf having a height of 10 meters or more. The culture medium stored in a predetermined number in each of a plurality of containers is loaded on a pallet by a stacker crane in each of the provided culture medium storage sections, and is put in and out under computer control.

[0006] This cultivation method is extremely effective in reducing manpower and improving land use efficiency. However, since the length of the cultivation room in the vertical direction is usually as long as 10 meters or more, the temperature is low. The difference between the cultivation atmosphere conditions such as humidity is extremely large, and in order to eliminate this, a lot of blowers and air conditioners must be installed, and enormous costs are required for air conditioning equipment, As a result, maintenance costs and energy consumption are incurred, which is a factor that increases the production cost of mushrooms.

Generally, in the process of mycelial growth, as described above, metabolic heat and metabolic gas are generated, so that the ambient temperature surrounding the culture medium easily rises to a predetermined temperature or higher, and the oxygen concentration and the like decrease. However, the temperature inside the culture medium rises excessively and deteriorates, resulting in a so-called "humid" state, which leads to a decrease in the quality of mushrooms. When the temperature rise of the culture medium is large, mushrooms may not be generated at all. In particular, when the cultivation process is performed by a stacker crane method, there is a high risk that this “humidity” occurs in a culture medium in the upper layer of the cultivation room where temperature rise is likely to occur. Only the culturing process is performed by stacking containers on pallets and carts in a multi-stage manner by a conventional method.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A first object of the present invention is to reduce the height to 10
It is used in a mushroom cultivation method by a stacker crane system having a culture base storage shelf that extends over a meter or more, and the temperature difference between the vicinity of the ceiling surface and the vicinity of the floor surface is small and the mushroom cultivation atmosphere condition can be kept uniform. It is to provide a mushroom cultivation room at low cost.

A second object of the present invention is to disclose a method for cultivating mushrooms of a stacker crane type having a tall culture medium storage shelf, wherein an excessive rise in temperature inside the culture medium does not occur in a mycelium culture step. It is in.

A third object of the present invention is to provide a stacker crane type mushroom cultivation method having a high-rise culture medium storage shelf, wherein mushroom cultivation capable of cultivating uniform quality mushrooms regardless of the position of the culture medium storage section of the storage shelf. It is to disclose a method.

[0011]

A first gist of the present invention is to provide a stacker crane, a multi-stage mushroom cultivation shelf standing upright on both sides of a traveling area of the stacker crane, and a mushroom cultivation shelf. In a mushroom cultivation room provided with air adjustment means in the surrounding room, the air adjustment means is provided with a plurality of air coolers arranged in a ceiling facing a traveling area of the stacker crane, and a mushroom cultivation room having a floor surface. A plurality of blowers are provided along the periphery and blows out an airflow inclined in a predetermined direction, and a plurality of humidifiers are provided at or near a ceiling, and the air cooler sucks air from a stacker crane traveling area. The mushroom cultivation room is characterized in that cooling air is blown in a lateral direction in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the stacker crane.

Examples of the air adjusting means include an air cooler using a refrigerator, a blower, an evaporative or ultrasonic humidifier, a ventilation device, an air treatment device having a gas adsorbent layer, and the like. The blower is between 30 degrees and 60 degrees with respect to the floor,
It is desirable to set the optimal blowing angle according to the height of the cultivation room. The blowout direction of each blower is inclined in a clockwise direction or counterclockwise direction, and is further inclined so as to blow out almost parallel to the wall surface of the cultivation room. A clockwise or counterclockwise swirling airflow is obtained.

On the other hand, the air cooler provided on the ceiling is
The air is sucked upward from the traveling area of the stacker crane (in other words, the space between the pair of mushroom cultivation shelves provided in a face-to-face state), and the blow-out winds of the arranged coolers do not interfere with each other. Blow out sideways. With such a configuration, the swirling airflow rises along the wall surface,
Entering the mushroom cultivation shelf, it rises while weakening the current. In the upper half of the cultivation shelf, the flow of the upward airflow interferes with the downward flow of the air cooler near the wall surface and becomes extremely small. Further, the airflow that has passed through the cultivation rack and entered the traveling area of the stacker crane slowly rises and is sucked into the cooler.

[0014] Such an air current slowly agitates the indoor air, and does not allow cold air having a large specific gravity to stagnate in the lower layer of the cultivation chamber. The rising swirling airflow is disturbed to become turbulent, and the temperature is made uniform. Thus, even when the height of the cultivation shelf exceeds 10 meters, the temperature difference between the vicinity of the floor surface and the vicinity of the ceiling surface can be controlled within ± 0.2 ° C. Similarly, the error with respect to the set value of the relative humidity can be kept within the range of 7 to 8% during humidification.

A second gist of the present invention is that a stacker crane, a multi-stage mushroom cultivation shelf standing upright on both sides of the traveling range of the stacker crane, and an indoor space surrounding the mushroom cultivation shelf A mushroom cultivation method using a mushroom cultivation room equipped with an air adjusting means, arranging a mushroom culture medium stored in a cultivation container on the mushroom cultivation shelf, and adjusting the atmosphere surrounding the culture medium to optimal cultivation conditions by the air adjusting means. The blower generates a swirling airflow that rises while swirling in a predetermined direction along the wall surface surrounding the mushroom cultivation shelf in the cultivation chamber along the wall surface, and sucks air in the stacker crane traveling area by an air cooler provided on a ceiling portion. The mushroom cultivation method is characterized in that cold air is sent out toward a wall surface parallel to the traveling direction of the stacker crane.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for cultivating a mushroom as defined in the second aspect, wherein the mushroom inoculum is inoculated in a sterilized culture medium, and the optimum conditions for spreading the hyphae of the inoculated fungus in the culture medium. While adjusting the atmosphere conditions in the cultivation room, a plurality of the cultivation units of the cultivation base group are used as a mushroom cultivation shelf, with a cultivation group formed by storing a predetermined number of the cultivation bases in an aligned state in a box-shaped container having an open upper surface. When the outline of the outer shape of the moving unit is regarded as a substantially rectangular shape, at least two surfaces of each of the moving units of the culture group are exposed to the flowing air current in the mushroom cultivation room. And performing a mycelium culturing step in a state of being housed in the storage compartment so as to come into contact with the flowing air stream.

In the cultivation step, the temperature in the mushroom culture medium rises due to metabolic heat, so-called stuffiness is apt to occur. In the mushroom cultivation method according to the second aspect, a container for accommodating a predetermined number of culture medium is used. When considered as a substantially rectangular parallelepiped, if at least two surfaces of the rectangular parallelepiped are stored in a storage section of a mushroom cultivation shelf in an exposed state and can come into contact with a flowing air current, the stuffiness phenomenon may occur. It can be prevented before it happens. According to this configuration, conventionally, in a mushroom cultivation method using a combination of a stacker crane and a mushroom cultivation shelf having a height of 8 to 10 meters or more, there is a risk of occurrence of mushrooms in the upper layer of the cultivation shelf, A decrease in quality and a decrease in yield can be prevented very effectively.

[0018]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a mushroom cultivation room 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the vicinity of a ceiling surface. The mushroom cultivation room 100 is surrounded by a heat insulating wall 120 and serves as an air adjusting means for adjusting the temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration and the like in the cultivation room 100, such as a blower 1, an ultrasonic humidifier 2, and an air cooler using a refrigerator. 3. Gas adsorption treatment device 5
Are provided. A stacker crane 101 is provided between a traveling guide rail 102 and a traveling rail 103 in a cultivation room 100 provided with such devices so as to be able to travel freely. The traveling area 10 of the stacker crane 101
A pair of multi-stage shelves having a height of about 8 meters is provided on both sides of mushroom 4 as mushroom cultivation shelves 105, 105.

As shown in FIG. 2, the stacker crane 101 has a loading platform 111 that slides vertically along a rectangular main frame 110 that is elongated in the vertical direction.
An elevating device 112 that drives the loading platform up and down along the main frame via a cable, a traveling device 113 that drives the main frame along the traveling rail 103, and
This is an unmanned stacker crane provided with a traveling device 113 and a control device 114 for controlling the lifting device 112.

The mushroom cultivation shelf 105 has a large number of steel columns 1
Are erected at fixed pitch intervals, and are fixedly connected to each other by horizontal bars 152, 152,..., And the storage compartments 106, 106,. It consists of what was provided in the direction. On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, box-shaped mushroom cultivation containers 20, 20,.
Mushroom culture medium 25, 25, ... (16 in FIG. 4)
Are stored on the pallet 31 and the pallets are stored in the storage section 106 by the stacker crane 101.

The fork device 118 for scooping out or storing the pallets on which the containers 20, 20,... Stored in the storage space 106 are placed is provided on the loading platform 111 of the stacker crane. I have.
Reference numerals 30 and 30 denote roller conveyors installed at home positions for exchanging a stacker crane and a container for mushroom cultivation. The configuration of these stacker cranes and cultivation shelves is almost the same as the configuration conventionally used widely as a three-dimensional automatic warehouse. Reference numeral 25 denotes a mushroom culture medium filled in a mushroom cultivation container. In the present application, the culture medium filled in the cultivation container is simply referred to as a culture medium.

The stacker crane 101 has a rack 1
05, the container storage compartments for mushroom cultivation are arranged in rows X ₁ , X ₂ ,
.., Steps Y ₁ , Y ₂ ,..., Addresses Z ₁ , Z ₂ ,..., And sends a signal from a controller (not shown) provided near the home position to a control device 114 on the machine. The container of the storage section is taken out and stored in pallets. In the present embodiment, an example in which the stacker crane has a rectangular frame shape has been described, but the same applies to a case where the main frame is formed of one support.

The pallet 31 is made of a non-corrosive metal (for example,
A pair of frame members 32 made of aluminum alloy or copper alloy),
A plurality of frame bars 33 made of a metal pipe of the same material having a slightly smaller cross-sectional area,
…, Obtained by connecting and fixing at the same pitch,
It consists of a lattice frame. The lattice frame is defined so that the vertical and horizontal dimensions are substantially an integral multiple of the dimensions of the container to be placed. 6 is set so that the height and width of each of the containers 20 are almost doubled.

The container 20 is provided with a through hole 21 in the center of the bottom. The fixing pieces 34, 34,... Are positioned on a pallet. According to the cultivation process, the container placed on the pallet is vertically moved by two in the mycelium culture process, as shown in FIGS.
Space efficiency can be increased by stacking and mounting in three to three stages. Further, in the growing step in which the mushrooms protrude from the container, as shown in FIG. , May be overlapped.

In such a mushroom cultivation room 100,
The mushroom cultivation room according to the present invention has the following features. That is, the blowers 1, 1,...
Is installed on the floor surface 105 so as to surround the cultivation shelves 105, 105 along the wall surface 120. The installation height of the blower 1 is not necessarily required to be installed on the floor, but it is desirable that the blower 1 be installed as close to the floor as possible. As shown in FIG. 1, the directions of the outlets 1a of these blowers are all counterclockwise along the wall 120 when the cultivation room 100 is viewed from the plane, and in the horizontal direction. Instead, they are directed obliquely upward. Therefore, the blown air becomes a swirling upward airflow that swirls counterclockwise along the wall surface in a diagonally upward direction, and carries the air in the lower layer of the room upward.

The traveling area 104 of the stacker crane 101
Is the space between the cultivation shelves 105, 105,
Air coolers 3, 3,... Provided by a refrigerator are provided along a ceiling 108 facing the upper end surface of the traveling area 104. The air cooler 3 has an intake port 3a opened on the lower surface thereof.
And a pair of cold air outlets 3b, 3b that blow laterally on both left and right sides in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the stacker crane 101. At the corner where the ceiling 108 intersects with the wall surface parallel to the reciprocating traveling direction of the stacker crane, the wind direction plate 4 having a bow-shaped cross section is provided at a position facing the cool air outlet 3b. This is for lowering the cool air flow from the cool air supply port 3b toward the wall surface along the wall surface 120.

The humidifiers 2, 2, ... are suspended from the ceiling 108 at a position slightly higher than the cultivation shelves 105, 105, and are connected to a water supply pipe and a power supply cable (not shown). Based on a signal from a humidity detector provided in an appropriate place in the room, mist-like water droplets are discharged in the horizontal direction, and the indoor environment is maintained at a predetermined humidity (for example, 95 to 96% RH). Gas adsorption treatment device 5 attached to cultivation room 100
Has an adsorbent layer for selectively adsorbing the metabolic gas mainly composed of carbon dioxide gas from the air inlet 5a, and the air from which the carbon dioxide gas and the like have been removed through the adsorbent layer passes through a duct. After that, the water is returned to the room again from the reflux port (not shown).

A gas suction / exhaust device is provided in the gas adsorption treatment device 5 to release a part of the air to be returned to the cultivation room to the outside air.
Alternatively, outside air may be introduced, mixed with the recirculated air and returned to the room, and a heat exchange unit for exchanging heat between the air introduction pipe and the indoor air discharge pipe of the ventilation apparatus as a ventilation apparatus. ,
A ventilation device may be separately provided with a filter section through which the introduced air of the air introduction pipe passes.

Next, a method for performing a mushroom mycelium culture step using the above cultivation room will be described. Mushroom culture medium 25
After passing through the prescribed sterilization process, after inoculated with the inoculum,
The cultivation container is covered with a cap that ensures air permeability between the inside of the cultivation container and the atmosphere surrounding the cultivation container, and is stacked on the pallet 31. As a loading method, as shown in FIG. 5, it is ideal that the containers are stacked in a single layer on a pallet without stacking the containers.
Since it takes as long as about 0 days, it is desirable that as many culture media as possible can be treated at once. Figure 7
As shown in (2), if the pallet 31 is stacked on the pallet 31 in a state of being vertically stacked, the space utilization rate is significantly improved.

However, even if the containers are stacked in the upper and lower two tiers, if nine containers are stacked in one layer in a square shape, the container located at the center surrounded by the other eight containers (see FIG. In No. 9, the humid phenomena were observed in the culture medium stored in the container located at the position corresponding to the space 36). Further, as shown in FIG. 8, when nine pieces are arranged in one layer and they are stacked in upper and lower three stages, according to an experiment conducted by the present applicant, the temperature difference between the upper layer and the lower layer in the room is ± 0.5. Even when the mycelium was cultured for 20 days while maintaining the temperature at or below ℃, it was recognized that a stuffy phenomenon occurred near the center of the intermediate layer (second stage). However, as shown in FIG.
When the space 36 penetrating the center of the pallet in the vertical direction was created by removing the container located at the center, the stuffing phenomenon did not occur at all. Further, even when six containers were arranged in one layer on the pallet 31 and the upper and lower containers were arranged in two layers, the stuffiness did not occur.

From the above experiments, when a predetermined number of culture media stored in a container is used as a transfer unit using a pallet having excellent air permeability, and this transfer unit is regarded as a substantially rectangular shape, at least two of the transfer units are considered. It can be concluded that if the surface is loaded on a pallet so that it can be exposed to a precisely controlled airflow, the stuffiness can be completely prevented. Of course, it is desirable that the container has an opening for improving ventilation as far as its strength allows, and from the upper edge of the container,
The greater the degree to which the culture medium protrudes upward, the better the contact between the culture medium and the flowing air current becomes. Therefore, the shape of the container also greatly contributes to the occurrence of the stuffiness phenomenon. Therefore, as far as the culturing step is concerned, the container is preferably configured such that the opening is provided on the entire surface, such as a mesh shape, and the height thereof is preferably half or less of the umbrella of the mushroom cultivation container. .

In the mushroom cultivation room 100 of the present application, the swirling upward airflow generated along the wall surface by the blower 1 moves the air in the lower layer of the room upward, and the upward airflow descends along the wall surface by the air cooler 3. It hits the falling cold air, enters the mushroom cultivation shelf, and exits the running area of the stacker crane. In the process, the airflow is mixed and the temperature and humidity are leveled. One half of the air that has entered the traveling area 104 rises and is taken into the air cooler. Thus, even in a cultivation room having an indoor height of 10 meters or more, the vertical temperature difference can be controlled to ± 0.2 to 0.5 ° C. or less. The relative humidity can also be controlled to 7 to 8% or less of the set value.

In general, in an ultrasonic humidifier, the humidity greatly fluctuates when the humidifier operates and stops. Humidity is set to be more humid than the set value, and condensed water is generated in the airflow by the cool air from the air cooler, or is discharged from the humidifier in the form of mist. By dissolving and removing carbon dioxide together with the drain in an air cooler, or releasing it outdoors while exchanging heat with the outside air in a ventilator, especially in the culture process, carbon dioxide harmful to mycelium culture It is effective because the concentration of metabolic gas such as nitrogen gas, ethylene gas and ethylene gas can be rapidly reduced.

[0034]

[Effect] By the mushroom cultivation room of the present application and the mushroom cultivation method using the same, the imbalance of the indoor atmosphere, which is a drawback of the mushroom cultivation method using the stacker crane and the high-rise multi-stage cultivation shelf, is eliminated, and the yield of mushrooms is reduced. It is extremely effective in improving the quality.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the inside of a mushroom cultivation room according to the present invention as viewed from a plane direction.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a cultivation shelf on one side of the mushroom cultivation room in FIG. 1 as viewed from a traveling area of a stacker crane.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the arrangement of devices near a ceiling in the mushroom cultivation room of FIG. 1 is looked up.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a container forming a unit of movement of a mushroom culture medium and an example of a state in which the mushroom culture medium is stored in the container.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a storage compartment for a culture medium on a mushroom cultivation shelf.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a pallet on which containers are loaded.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a method of loading containers on a pallet in a mycelium culture step.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing another example of a method of loading containers on a pallet in a mycelium culture step.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the culture medium group of FIG. 8 as viewed from a plane direction.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 blower 2 humidifier 3 air cooler 3 a intake port 3 b cool air outlet 4 wind direction plate 5 air absorption treatment device 20 container 25 mushroom culture medium 100 mushroom cultivation room 101 stacker crane 104 running area 105 mushroom cultivation shelf 106 storage section 108 ceiling 120 wall surface

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A stacker crane, a multi-stage mushroom cultivation shelf erected on both sides of a traveling area of the stacker crane in an opposed state, and indoor air adjusting means surrounding the mushroom cultivation shelf. In the mushroom cultivation room, the air adjusting means is provided along a plurality of air coolers arranged in a ceiling facing the traveling area of the stacker crane, and is provided along a periphery of a floor surface of the mushroom cultivation room and is inclined in a predetermined direction. A plurality of blowers for blowing out an air current to be blown, and a plurality of humidifiers vertically suspended from the ceiling, wherein the air cooler sucks air from a stacker crane traveling area and directs the air in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the stacker crane. A mushroom cultivation room characterized by being configured to blow cooling air laterally. 2. A stacker crane, a multi-stage mushroom cultivation shelf standing upright on both sides of a traveling area of the stacker crane, and an indoor air adjusting means surrounding the mushroom cultivation shelf. In a mushroom cultivation method using a mushroom cultivation room, a mushroom cultivation medium stored in a cultivation container is arranged on the mushroom cultivation shelf, and the atmosphere surrounding the culture medium is adjusted to optimal cultivation conditions by the air adjusting means. In addition to generating a swirling airflow that rises while rotating in the predetermined direction along the wall surrounding the shelf in the cultivation room, air in the stacker crane traveling area is suctioned by an air cooler provided on the ceiling and parallel to the stacker crane traveling direction A method for cultivating a mushroom, characterized in that a cold wind is sent out toward a natural wall. 3. A method for inoculating a mushroom inoculum in a sterilized culture medium, adjusting an atmosphere condition in the cultivation room to an optimal condition for spreading hyphae of the inoculum in the culture medium, and a predetermined number in a box-shaped container having an open upper surface. A plurality of moving units of the culture medium group are housed in each of the storage compartments of the mushroom cultivation shelf, and the outline of the movement unit is substantially rectangular. In the state where each of the moving units of the culture base group is stored in the storage compartment such that at least two surfaces thereof are exposed to the flowing air current in the mushroom cultivation chamber and come into contact with the flowing air flow, 3. The method for cultivating a mushroom according to claim 2, wherein a step is performed.