JPH10509619A - Wet heat exchanger - Google Patents

Wet heat exchanger

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Publication number
JPH10509619A
JPH10509619A JP8517178A JP51717896A JPH10509619A JP H10509619 A JPH10509619 A JP H10509619A JP 8517178 A JP8517178 A JP 8517178A JP 51717896 A JP51717896 A JP 51717896A JP H10509619 A JPH10509619 A JP H10509619A
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casing
patient
heat exchange
substance
air
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JP8517178A
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JP3707791B2 (en
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ニルソン、ビリー
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ロウイズ ギベック アクチェボラグ
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1045—Devices for humidifying or heating the inspired gas by using recovered moisture or heat from the expired gas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1075—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by influencing the temperature
    • A61M16/1085—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by influencing the temperature after being humidified or mixed with a beneficial agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/105—Filters
    • A61M16/1055—Filters bacterial

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Air Humidification (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Invalid Beds And Related Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/SE95/01444 Sec. 371 Date May 29, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date May 29, 1997 PCT Filed Nov. 30, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/16689 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 6, 1996A moisture-heat exchange arrangement which is intended for connection to a patient to humidify and heat the air inhaled by the patient, wherein the arrangement includes a moisture-heat exchanger unit (5) and a humidifier means (11, 12) that connects with the unit (5) to increase the humidity of the inhalation air. The humidifying means includes a casing (3) which is connected with the moisture-heat exchanger unit (5) and which has a first opening (9) that communicates with the moisture-heat exchanger unit and an opposing opening (6) that communicates with the patient. The inner surface of the casing has provided thereon a water-absorbing and/or water-vapour permeable material (11) which delivers moisture to the air inhaled by the patient.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 湿熱交換器 技術分野 本発明は患者の吸気に加湿加熱する目的で患者につなぐ湿熱交換装置に関する 。湿熱交換器は通常、患者から遠い側に呼吸用保護具を接続する。 背景技術 上記の種類の湿熱交換器は本技術については既に知られている。１つのそのよ うな湿熱交換器が米国特許5,109,471に開示されている。この既知の湿熱交換器 は２つの受動的湿熱交換エレメントと中間の空気を加湿加熱する装置より構成さ れている。吸気の加湿は水を通路に導入して一つの湿熱交換エレメントの内側の 端面を覆う紙製孔あき板を濡らすようにして行う。孔あき板を設けた二つの受動 的湿熱交換エレメントの間に取り付ける熱伝達手段を加熱する働きをなす抵抗器 の助けで湿熱交換器中で水を加熱する。 この既知の装置の空気加湿手段は、湿熱交換器を通る空気の流れに相当な抵抗 となり、空気の流速と吸呼気の通気も低減させる。この気流に対する抵抗は主と して孔あき板が通気面の大きい部分を覆っているので起こる。 既知の装置の加熱手段がこのような構造であるために、加熱手段を通る流れが 部分的で、さらに不均等に加熱される。加熱手段が二つの受動的湿熱交換エレメ ントの間の領域に置かれているので、湿熱交換器は軸方向に長く伸びている。 西ドイツ公開公報126 028は多数の管を収納し、そこを通して水を供給して加 湿する湿熱交換エレメントを備えた湿熱交換装置を示している。この既知の装置 には半径方向、軸方向ともに湿熱交換エレメントから間隔を置いた管状加熱エレ メントを具備した加熱手段も備えている。この装置の最大の難点は湿熱交換エレ メント内の２、３の個々の領域だけに水が供給され吸気が不均等に加湿されるこ とである。 国際出願91/19527は、板の形の湿熱交換エレメントとその板から間隔を置いた 吸気加熱抵抗器を備えた湿熱交換器を示している。この装置には流出オリフィス が抵抗器の表面に隣接して置かれそこへ水を送る管も備えている。この装置の最 大の難点は主として水が抵抗器へ送られるので空気の加湿が非効果的であるだけ でなく短絡の危険もあり、また抵抗器の形が棒状であると空気の加熱が不完全で あり、また抵抗器の形が格子状であると通気が損なわれることである。 スウェーデン特許明細書501 042は、帯状またはワイヤ状加熱エレメントを吸 気の流れの方向に平行に設けた取付枠の間に取付けた湿熱交換器を示している。 この装置は作るのが複雑で、装置は空気流に対する抵抗が比較的高い。拡散棒の 形で空気加湿手段が湿熱交換気の板に向かって置かれており、それによって湿気 をそこへ送る。しかし湿熱交換器への湿気の供給が不均等で不完全なことが多く 、装置の効率が低くなる。 発明の概要 本発明の一つの目的は以前に既知の湿熱交換器の難点を少なくと も一部分をなくし、それによって吸気を均等に効果的に加湿加熱（加温）し、ま たそれによって加熱手段に湿った空気を触れさせることなく吸気を加熱する吸気 の流れに対して抵抗の少ない湿熱交換装置を提供することにある。 この目的は後述の請求の範囲の特徴的事項に記載の特徴を有する本発明の装置 で達成できる。 図面の簡単な説明 図１は一つの発明装置の長手方向断面図、 図２は図１の左から見たところのこの装置の端面図、 図３は図１の図に対応するが装置の構成部分を相互に分解して示した長手方向 断面図である。 好ましい実施例の詳細な説明 図１〜図３に例示する装置には、第１、第２、第３ケーシング２、３、４があ り、それらすべての横断面形状は円形で、またそれらすべてを合成プラスチック 材料製とし、好ましくは透明材料製であるとよい。第１ケーシング２は、円筒状 であり、好ましくは円筒状熱交換ユニット５をケーシング２に挿入し、また水吸 収材料製の円錐状エレメント１１をケーシング３に挿入して後に、第２ケーシン グ３に永久的に接合するとよい。 ケーシング２は二重壁絶縁ケーシングで、例えば呼吸用保護具（図示せず）に 接続する流入管６と流出開口７を具備する。気体測定用に取り付けたルアーを受 ける管状流出コネクタを流入管６に隣接して設けるが、これはケーシング２に開 けた孔を介して該ケーシ ングの内部と連通している。 湿熱交換ユニット５の円筒状外面は、ケーシング２の内壁に接触するか、それ からわずかに間隔が置かれている。ユニット５は、湿熱交換特性のよい吸湿性材 料製で、吸気の流れ方向にほぼ平行に伸びて多数のほぼ同心層となるようにらせ ん巻きされた帯の形状をなしている。この装置は例えばハミッド−ベント ２エ ス(Humid-Vent 2s)の商標でギベック レスピレーション アーベーが市販する 湿熱交換器に入っており、円筒形にらせん巻きし平滑面の紙の層とそれに取り付 けた凹凸のある紙の層より成り、該層が任意選択的に殺菌性物質その他の物質で 処理されたものとすることができる。 第２ケーシング３は、円錐形で、流入開口９と患者側につなぐための流出接続 管１０が付いている。円錐形状エレメント１１が開口９と流出接続管１０の間で ケーシングの内面に接している。円錐状エレメント１１は、好ましくはユニット ５に触れない方がよく、ケーシングの内面全体を覆うのが好ましい。この円錐状 エレメント１１は水を取り入れる、すなわち吸収する物質のシートの形である。 その代りに、このエレメント１１は水分／水蒸気を透過させる半透膜、例えばポ リプロピレン膜の形であってもよい。このエレメントの表面積が広く、それが円 錐形であるので、患者の吸気の大部分がこの吸収物質と確実に接触するようにな る。この物質１１のどの部分も吸気の流路に置かれていず、また吸気はその物質 を横切りさっと過ぎるだけであるので、流れに対する抵抗が少ない。 ケーシング３には、水を開口９に隣接する位置からケーシング内に送る流入管 １２を具備している。水をケーシング３の内面と物質１１の間と該物質中に散布 してそれを濡らすようにする。 第３ケーシング４はそれの内壁が金属で適当に作られている二重壁ケーシング で、ケーシング３の外面と同じ円錐性を有するものである。ケーシング４は該ケ ーシングをケーシング３に着脱自在に外嵌する時、金属流出管１０がケーシング ４から突き出るように軸方向に延設している。ケーシング４の二つの壁の間に加 熱エレメント１３が配設されている。このエレメント１３は正の温度係数を有す る電導性プラスチック材料の輪巻き帯板あるいは抵抗効果のある金属コイル、例 えばアルミニウム箔よりなるものとすることができる。エレメント１３はケーシ ング４中に密閉封入され、導電体１４に接続するが、これは電源（図示せず）に 接続される。 本発明の装置は、患者の呼吸状態を改善する目的のシステムに接続するよう意 図したもので、流入管コネクタ６を呼吸用保護具（図示せず）に、流出管コネク タ１０を患者に接続している。患者の吸気の段階では、吸気が呼吸用保護具から 流入管コネクタ６を通って入り、ケーシング２、３、４を経て、流出管コネクタ １０から出て患者の所へ流れ、その時ユニット５によって空気が加熱加湿される 。空気の加熱加湿は前の呼気段階で呼気によってユニット５が加熱加湿されてお り、また加熱エレメント１３によってケーシング４の内壁とケーシング３の壁を 通って該円錐形の物質１１とそこに含まれている水に熱が伝播されることによっ て行われる。物質１１とこれに含有される水が、十分な蒸気が前記物質を通過す る確実な温度まで加熱され、この蒸気が吸気と混ざって、ケーシング３内では、 ほぼ均等に空気を加熱加湿するようになる。 患者が息を吐き出すと呼気が反対方向に装置を通って流れ、流入管６に最も近 い所にあるユニット５の部分で冷され、空気を例えば 呼吸用保護具へ送る前にその空気が脱湿される。 本発明はその一つの実施例を参照して説明例示したが、その他の実施例や変更 も本発明の概念内で考えられるとすべきであるので、本発明は下記の請求の範囲 の内容だけに限定しておく。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Wet heat exchanger Technical field   The present invention relates to a wet heat exchanger connected to a patient for the purpose of humidifying and heating a patient's inspiration. . Wet heat exchangers usually connect respiratory protection on the side remote from the patient. Background art   Wet heat exchangers of the type described above are already known in the art. One of them Such a wet heat exchanger is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,109,471. This known wet heat exchanger Consists of two passive wet heat exchange elements and a device for humidifying and heating intermediate air. Have been. Humidification of the intake air introduces water into the passage, and The perforated plate made of paper covering the end face is wetted. Two passive with perforated plate Resistor serving to heat the heat transfer means mounted between the moist heat exchange elements Heat the water in a moist heat exchanger with the help of.   The air humidification means of this known device provides a considerable resistance to the flow of air through the heat exchanger. Thus, the flow rate of air and the ventilation of exhaled breath are also reduced. The resistance to this airflow is mainly This occurs because the perforated plate covers a large part of the ventilation surface.   Because of the structure of the heating means of the known device, the flow through the heating means is Partial and evenly heated. Heating means with two passive wet heat exchange elements The wet heat exchanger extends in the axial direction because it is located in the area between the heat exchangers.   The German Offenlegungsschrift 126 028 accommodates a large number of tubes through which water is supplied and added. 1 shows a wet heat exchange device with a wet heat exchange element to be wetted. This known device The tubular heating element is spaced apart from the wet heat exchange element in both the radial and axial directions. Also provided is a heating means provided with a heating element. The biggest drawback of this device is the wet heat exchange element. Only a few individual areas within the ment are supplied with water and the intake air is unevenly humidified. And   International Application 91/19527 discloses a wet heat exchange element in the form of a plate and spaced from the plate Figure 3 shows a wet heat exchanger with an intake heating resistor. This device has a spill orifice There is also a tube located adjacent to the surface of the resistor to direct water therethrough. This device The major drawback is that air humidification is ineffective, mainly because water is sent to the resistor However, there is a danger of short-circuiting, and if the resistor is rod-shaped, Yes, and if the resistors are in a grid, the ventilation will be impaired.   Swedish Patent Specification 501 042 absorbs strip or wire heating elements. Fig. 3 shows a wet heat exchanger mounted between mounting frames provided in parallel to the direction of air flow. This device is complicated to make and the device has a relatively high resistance to airflow. Diffusion stick Air humidification means in the form are placed towards the plate of the heat exchange air, thereby Send there. However, the supply of moisture to the moisture heat exchanger is often uneven and incomplete. And the efficiency of the device is reduced. Summary of the Invention   One object of the present invention is to alleviate the disadvantages of previously known wet heat exchangers. Part of the air, thereby effectively and effectively humidifying and heating (heating) the intake air. Inlet that heats the intake air without letting the heating means touch the moist air Another object of the present invention is to provide a wet heat exchanger having a low resistance to the flow of water.   This object is achieved by the device according to the invention having the features described in the characterizing features of the claims below. Can be achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES   FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of one inventive device,   FIG. 2 is an end view of the device as viewed from the left of FIG. 1,   FIG. 3 corresponds to the view of FIG. It is sectional drawing. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment   The apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 includes first, second, and third casings 2, 3, and 4. And all of them are circular in cross section, and all of them It is made of a material, preferably a transparent material. The first casing 2 is cylindrical Preferably, the cylindrical heat exchange unit 5 is inserted into the casing 2 and water is absorbed. After inserting the conical element 11 made of the collecting material into the casing 3, the second casing It is good to be permanently joined to the ring 3.   The casing 2 is a double-walled insulating casing, for example, a respirator (not shown). An inflow pipe 6 and an outflow opening 7 to be connected are provided. Receive the lure attached for gas measurement. A tubular outflow connector is provided adjacent to the inflow pipe 6 which opens into the casing 2. Through the hole It communicates with the inside of the ring.   The outer cylindrical surface of the wet heat exchange unit 5 contacts the inner wall of the casing 2 or Slightly spaced from. The unit 5 is made of a hygroscopic material having a good heat exchange property. It is made of material and extends almost parallel to the flow direction of the intake air, so that it has many concentric layers It has the shape of a rolled belt. This device is for example Hamid-Vent 2 Marketed by Gibec Respiration AB under the trademark Humid-Vent 2s It is contained in a wet heat exchanger, spirally wound in a cylindrical shape, and attached to a layer of smooth paper. Consisting of a layer of paper with uneven texture, said layer optionally comprising a bactericidal substance or other substance. It may have been processed.   The second casing 3 is conical and has an inflow opening 9 and an outflow connection for connection to the patient. A tube 10 is provided. A conical element 11 is provided between the opening 9 and the outflow connection pipe 10. It is in contact with the inner surface of the casing. The conical element 11 is preferably a unit It is better not to touch 5 and it is preferable to cover the entire inner surface of the casing. This cone Element 11 is in the form of a sheet of material that takes up or absorbs water. Instead, this element 11 is a semi-permeable membrane, e.g. It may be in the form of a propylene film. The surface area of this element is large and it is circular The conical shape ensures that the majority of the patient's inspiration is in contact with this absorbent. You. No part of this substance 11 is placed in the flow path of the intake air, and the intake air is , So that there is less resistance to flow.   The casing 3 has an inflow pipe for sending water into the casing from a position adjacent to the opening 9. 12 are provided. Spray water between the inner surface of the casing 3 and the substance 11 and into the substance And make it wet.   The third casing 4 is a double-wall casing whose inner wall is suitably made of metal. And has the same conicality as the outer surface of the casing 3. The casing 4 is When the casing is detachably fitted to the casing 3, the metal outlet pipe 10 4 extend in the axial direction so as to protrude therefrom. Between the two walls of casing 4 A heating element 13 is provided. This element 13 has a positive temperature coefficient Wound strip of conductive plastic material or metal coil with resistance effect, eg For example, it can be made of aluminum foil. Element 13 is a case And is connected to the conductor 14 by a power supply (not shown). Connected.   The device of the present invention is intended to be connected to a system intended to improve the patient's respiratory condition. The inflow pipe connector 6 is connected to a respirator (not shown) by an outflow pipe connector. Is connected to the patient. During the patient's inspiration phase, the inspiration comes from the respirator It enters through the inflow pipe connector 6, passes through the casings 2, 3, 4, and outflow pipe connector Exits 10 and flows to the patient, at which time the air is heated and humidified by unit 5 . The heating and humidification of air is performed by heating and humidifying the unit 5 by exhalation in the previous exhalation stage. And the inner wall of the casing 4 and the wall of the casing 3 by the heating element 13. Through which heat is transmitted to the conical substance 11 and the water contained therein. Done. Substance 11 and the water contained therein ensure that sufficient vapor passes through said substance Is heated to a certain temperature, and this steam mixes with the intake air. The air is heated and humidified almost uniformly.   When the patient exhales, the exhaled air flows through the device in the opposite direction and is closest to the inflow tube 6. Where the unit 5 is cooled, The air is dehumidified before sending to respiratory protection.   Although the present invention has been described and illustrated with reference to one embodiment, other embodiments and modifications may be made. Should also be considered within the concept of the invention, so that the invention claims the following claims. Limited to the contents of.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 １．湿熱交換ユニット（５）と、そのユニット（５）につながって吸気の湿度 を増す加湿手段（１１、１２）とを備え、患者によって吸入される空気を加湿加 熱する目的で患者につなぐ湿熱交換装置であって、加湿手段（１１、１２）は湿 熱交換ユニット（５）に接続され、湿熱交換ユニットに連通する第１開口（９） と患者に連通する反対側の開口（１０）のあるケーシングを備え、またこのケー シングの内面に水を吸収し、かつ／または水蒸気を透過し、患者が吸入する空気 に湿気を供給する物質を備えたことを特徴とする装置。 ２．請求項１において、物質（１１）がケーシング（３）の内面の相当な部分 、好ましくは該内面の全体を覆い、また好ましくは管状であることを特徴とする 装置。 ３．請求項１または請求項２において、ケーシング（３）が円錐状で、第１の 開口（９）が反対側の開口（１０）よりも大きいことを特徴とする装置。 ４．請求項２、３において、物質（１１）が円錐状でケーシング（３）と同心 であることを特徴とする装置。 ５．前記請求項のどれか１つにおいて、物質（１１）が半透膜で、好ましくは ポリプロピレンなどの物質で作ったものであることを特徴とする装置。 ６．前記請求項のどれか一つにおいて、ケーシング（３）の外側に配設し、好 ましくはそれに着脱自在とする加熱手段（４、１３、１４）を特徴とする装置。 ７．請求項６において、加熱手段（４、１３、１４）が二重壁ケーシング（４ ）を備え、加熱エレメント（１３）を該壁の間に配設 したことを特徴とする装置。 ８．請求項７において、二重壁ケーシング（４）が管状で、湿熱交換ユニット （５）に接続されたケーシング（３）を取り巻いていることを特徴とする装置。 ９．請求項８において、二重壁ケーシング（４）の内壁が円錐状で湿熱交換ユ ニットに接続されたケーシング（３）の外面と同じ円錐形でそれに接合している ことを特徴とする装置。[Claims]   1. Humidity and heat exchange unit (5) and humidity of intake air connected to the unit (5) Humidifying means (11, 12) for increasing air pressure, and humidifying and humidifying the air inhaled by the patient. A moist heat exchange device connected to a patient for the purpose of heating, wherein the humidifying means (11, 12) A first opening (9) connected to the heat exchange unit (5) and communicating with the wet heat exchange unit; And a casing having an opposite opening (10) communicating with the patient. Air that the patient inhales, absorbing water and / or permeating water vapor on the inner surface of the thing Characterized in that it comprises a substance for supplying moisture to the device.   2. 2. Material according to claim 1, wherein the substance (11) is a substantial part of the inner surface of the casing (3). Characterized in that it preferably covers the entire inner surface and is preferably tubular apparatus.   3. Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the casing (3) is conical and has a first The device characterized in that the opening (9) is larger than the opposite opening (10).   4. 4. The material according to claim 2, wherein the substance is conical and concentric with the casing. An apparatus characterized in that:   5. In any one of the preceding claims, the substance (11) is a semi-permeable membrane, preferably An apparatus characterized by being made of a substance such as polypropylene.   6. In any one of the preceding claims, preferably arranged outside the casing (3). Preferably, a device characterized by heating means (4, 13, 14) detachably attached thereto.   7. The heating means (4, 13, 14) according to claim 6, wherein the heating means (4, 13, 14) comprises a double-wall casing (4). ), Wherein a heating element (13) is arranged between said walls An apparatus characterized in that:   8. 8. Unit according to claim 7, wherein the double-wall casing (4) is tubular. A device surrounding a casing (3) connected to (5).   9. 9. The heat exchange unit according to claim 8, wherein the inner wall of the double-walled casing is conical. The outer surface of the casing (3) connected to the knit and joined to it in the same conical shape An apparatus characterized in that:
JP51717896A 1994-12-01 1995-11-30 Humid heat exchanger Expired - Fee Related JP3707791B2 (en)

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SE9404182A SE503771C2 (en) 1994-12-01 1994-12-01 Device for moisture-heat exchanger
PCT/SE1995/001444 WO1996016689A1 (en) 1994-12-01 1995-11-30 Heat and moisture exchanger

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AU701050B2 (en) 1999-01-21
DE69510222T2 (en) 2000-02-03
CA2206208C (en) 2007-08-07
US5906201A (en) 1999-05-25
SE9404182L (en) 1996-06-02
AU4275596A (en) 1996-06-19
EP0794809B1 (en) 1999-06-09
NZ297572A (en) 1998-04-27
EP0794809A1 (en) 1997-09-17
GR3031158T3 (en) 1999-12-31
DK0794809T3 (en) 1999-11-15
SE503771C2 (en) 1996-09-02
SE9404182D0 (en) 1994-12-01
ATE180981T1 (en) 1999-06-15
JP3707791B2 (en) 2005-10-19
DE69510222D1 (en) 1999-07-15
CA2206208A1 (en) 1996-06-06
ES2133835T3 (en) 1999-09-16

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