JPH10341442A - Picture predictively decoding method, device therefor, picture predictively encoding method, device therefor and data storage medium - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently predictively encode a picture whose size can be varied even when a reference picture is zero in size or completely transmits by generating a predictive picture through the use of at least one reproduced picture in which significant data to be referred to exist and which is lately reproduced as the reference picture. SOLUTION: Picture data which is compression encoded is inputted to the input terminal 301 of a picture predictively decoding device 300. A compression block is converted into an expansion block in the inverse quantizer IQ304 and the inverse discrete cosine converter IDCT 305 of a decoder 303. An adder 306 adds a predictive block and a reproduction block is generated. The size of the reference picture is inputted to a predictive picture generator 310 obtaining the predictive block from a data analyzer 302 and the reference picture is decided. When the size of the reference picture which is just inputted is detected and the size is not zero, the predictive picture is generated by using the picture. When it is zero, the predictive picture is generated by using the picture whose size is not zero and which is lately reproduced.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to predictive decoding and encoding of an image, and more particularly to an image predictive decoding method, an image predictive decoding apparatus, an image predictive encoding method, and the like when the image size is variable. The present invention relates to an image prediction encoding device and a data storage medium.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to efficiently store or transmit a digital image, it is necessary to perform compression encoding. JPEG and MPE are used to compress and encode digital images.
In addition to the discrete cosine transform (DCT) represented by G,
There are waveform coding methods such as subband, wearlet, and fractal. To remove redundant signals between images, inter-image prediction using motion compensation is performed, and the difference signal is waveform-encoded.

[0003] Here, an MPE based on motion compensation DCT is used.
The G method will be described. First, 1 to be encoded
An input image of a frame is divided into a plurality of macroblocks of 16 × 16 pixels and processed. One macroblock is further divided into four blocks each having a size of 8 × 8 pixels.
After performing T, quantization is performed. This is called intra-frame coding.

On the other hand, in a motion detection method such as block matching, an error of the error with respect to the target macroblock is selected from another frame temporally adjacent to the frame including the target macroblock to be quantized. A small predicted macroblock is detected, and motion compensation from a past image is performed based on the detected motion to obtain an optimal predicted block. The signal indicating the motion to the predicted macroblock with the smallest error is the motion vector.
An image to be referred to generate a prediction macroblock,
Hereinafter, it is referred to as a reference image. Next, the difference between the target block and the corresponding prediction block is obtained, and the difference
T is performed, the DCT transform coefficient is quantized, and the quantized output is transmitted or stored together with the motion information. This is called interframe coding.

[0005] The inter-frame coding includes a mode in which prediction is performed only from a preceding image in the display order, and a mode in which prediction is performed from both a preceding image and a subsequent image.
The former is called forward prediction, and the latter is called bidirectional prediction.

On the receiving side, after the quantized transform coefficient is restored to the original difference signal, a prediction block is obtained based on the motion vector based on the difference signal, and the prediction block and the difference signal are obtained. Add and play back the image. Note that this conventional technique is based on the premise that the size of a reference image (an image referred to for generating a predicted image) is the same as the size of a target image.

Recently, the objects constituting an image have been separately compressed and encoded as an image of an arbitrary shape so that the compression efficiency can be improved and the objects constituting the image can be reproduced on a unit basis. I have. In encoding and decoding such an image having an arbitrary shape, the size of the image often changes. One example is that the ball becomes smaller and disappears. In some cases, the size of an image (object) may be zero.

[0008]

In a normal case, the reference image is a reproduced image immediately before the target image. If the size of the reference image is zero, predictive coding cannot be performed because nothing is defined in the reference image, that is, since there is no significant image data used for predictive coding. Also in this case, if the conventional technique is to be applied, the only method is to perform intra-frame encoding. However, when the intra-frame encoding is performed, the code amount generally increases, and the compression ratio decreases. If the image frequently disappears (in this case, the image size becomes zero) or appears in the moving image sequence, the coding efficiency becomes very poor. For example, in an image where a spotlight flashes, if the light disappears or appears in image units, the images of all the lights are intra-coded.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and is intended for a variable-size image even when the size of the reference image becomes zero or when the reference image is completely transmitted. It is an object of the present invention to provide an image predictive decoding method, an image predictive decoding device, an image predictive encoding method, an image predictive encoding device, and a data storage medium that can efficiently perform predictive encoding.

[0010]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image predictive decoding method comprising the steps of: inputting image data obtained by compressing and encoding an image having a variable image size by a predetermined method; Generate a predicted image using at least one reproduced image reproduced earlier than the image as a reference image, the image to be decoded, in the image predictive decoding method of predictive decoding, as the reference image, The predicted image is generated using at least one recently reproduced image in which significant image data to be referred to exists.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image predictive decoding method comprising:
Inputting image data obtained by compressing and encoding an image having a variable image size by a predetermined method, generating a predicted image using a predetermined reproduced image reproduced before the image to be decoded as a reference image, Image to be decoded, in an image predictive decoding method for predictive decoding, in the predetermined playback image used as a reference image when generating the predicted image,
When there is no significant image data to be referred to, an image having a predetermined value as the image data is used as a predicted image.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image predictive decoding method comprising:
3. The image prediction decoding method according to claim 1, wherein the image data of each of the compression-coded frames is:
It has a flag indicating whether or not significant image data to be referred to exists in the frame immediately before the target frame to be decoded.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image predictive decoding method comprising:
An image prediction decoding method for inputting image data obtained by compressing and encoding an image with a variable image size by a predetermined method, generating a predicted image using a reference image, and predictively decoding the image to be decoded In the above, by using, as the reference image, an image in which at least significant image data to be referred to exists among two recently reproduced images,
The predicted image is generated.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image predictive decoding method comprising:
5. The image predictive decoding method according to claim 4, wherein the compression-encoded image data for each frame is a significant two bits to be referred to two predetermined frames immediately before a target frame to be decoded. The flag has a flag indicating whether or not there is any image data.

An image prediction decoding apparatus according to claim 6 is
An input unit, a data analyzer, a decoder, a predicted image generator, an adder, and a frame memory are provided. The input unit compresses and encodes an image having a variable image size by a predetermined method. Input the image data and use the data analyzer
Analyze the image data, output the image size and image conversion coefficient, in the decoder, restore the image conversion coefficient to a decompressed difference image by a predetermined method, in the predicted image generator, Using the reproduced image stored in the frame memory as a reference image to generate a predicted image, the adder,
An image prediction decoding device that adds the decompressed difference image and the predicted image to generate and output a reproduced image, and that stores the reproduced image in the frame memory,
The predicted image generator checks whether or not there is significant image data to be referred to in the reproduced image, and sets at least one recently reproduced image in which significant image data exists as a reference image. To generate the predicted image.

An image prediction decoding apparatus according to claim 7 is
An input means, a data analyzer, a decoder, a predicted image generator, an adder, and a frame memory are provided, and the input means compresses and encodes an input image having a variable image size by a predetermined method. The image data is input, the image data is analyzed by the data analyzer, the image size and the image conversion coefficient are output, and the image conversion coefficient is decompressed by the decoder by a predetermined method. Restored to a difference image, in the predicted image generator, stored in the frame memory, generate a predicted image using a predetermined playback image corresponding to the input image as a reference image, in the adder, An image prediction decoding device that adds the decompressed difference image and the predicted image to generate and output a reproduced image and, at the same time, stores the reproduced image in the frame memory, wherein the predicted image generator includes: The above prescribed re In the image, it is checked whether or not there is significant image data to be referred to. When no significant image data exists in the predetermined reproduced image, an image having a predetermined value as the image data is referred to as the prediction image. It is to be done.

An image prediction decoding apparatus according to claim 8 is
8. The image prediction decoding apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the compression-encoded image data for each frame is:
It has a flag indicating whether or not significant image data to be referred to exists in the frame immediately before the target frame to be decoded.

An image prediction decoding apparatus according to claim 9 is
An input unit, a data analyzer, a decoder, a predicted image generator, an adder, and a frame memory are provided. The input unit compresses and encodes an image having a variable image size by a predetermined method. Input the image data and use the data analyzer
Analyze the image data, output the image size and image conversion coefficient, in the decoder, restore the image conversion coefficient to a decompressed difference image by a predetermined method, in the predicted image generator, Using the reproduced image stored in the frame memory as a reference image to generate a predicted image, the adder,
An image prediction decoding device that adds the decompressed difference image and the predicted image to generate and output a reproduced image and, at the same time, stores the reproduced image in the frame memory, wherein the predicted image generator includes: The prediction image is generated using at least significant image data to be referred to among the two reproduced images recently reproduced as the reference image.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the image prediction decoding apparatus according to the ninth aspect, the image data of each compression-coded frame is a target frame to be subjected to a decoding process. Are provided with flags indicating whether or not significant image data to be referred to exists in two predetermined frames immediately before.

An image prediction encoding method according to claim 11, wherein an image having a variable image size is input, and at least one reproduced image reproduced before the image to be encoded is used as a reference image. Is generated, the target image is subtracted from the predicted image, and the difference is compression-coded by a predetermined method in an image predictive coding method. The predicted image is generated by using, as a reference image, at least one recently reproduced image in which image data exists.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image predictive encoding method wherein an image having a variable image size is input, and a predicted image reproduced before a target image to be encoded is used as a reference image. Generate and subtract the target image from the predicted image, and in the image predictive encoding method of compressing and encoding the difference by a predetermined method, a predetermined reproduced image used as a reference image when generating the predicted image. ,
When there is no significant image data to be referred to, an image having a predetermined value as the image data is used as the predicted image.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the image predictive encoding method according to the eleventh or twelfth aspect, the image data of each compression-coded frame is subjected to an encoding process. This has a flag indicating whether or not significant image data to be referred to exists in the frame immediately before the target frame.

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image predictive encoding method wherein an image having a variable image size is input, a predicted image is generated using a reference image, and a target image to be encoded is subtracted from the predicted image. In the image predictive encoding method for compressing and encoding the difference by a predetermined method, at least significant image data to be referred to among the two reproduced images recently reproduced is present as the reference image. The prediction image is generated by using the above-mentioned prediction image.

According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the image predictive encoding method according to the fourteenth aspect,
The compressed and coded image data of each frame is a flag indicating whether or not significant image data to be referred to exists in two predetermined frames immediately before the target frame to be coded. It is what you have.

[0025] According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image predictive encoding apparatus comprising: input means, a subtractor, a compression encoder, a variable length encoder, a decompression decoder, a prediction image generator, and an adder. And a frame memory, wherein the input means inputs image data having a variable image size by dividing the image data into units of the encoding process, and the subtracter outputs a target image to be encoded. The difference image from the prediction image corresponding to the target image is obtained, and the compression encoder converts the difference image into compressed data by a predetermined compression encoding process, and the variable length encoder encodes the difference image. The compressed data is subjected to variable-length encoding to output encoded data, and the decompressor decodes the compressed data into a decompressed difference image by a predetermined decompression decoding process. Playback image stored in the frame memory A predicted image is generated using the image as a reference image, and the adder adds the decompressed difference image and the predicted image to generate and output a reproduced image. At the same time, the reproduced image is stored in the frame memory. An image predictive encoding apparatus for storing, wherein the predicted image generator checks whether or not there is significant image data to be referred to in the reproduced image, and determines whether or not there is significant image data in the recently reproduced image. The predicted image is generated using at least one of the reproduced images obtained as the reference image.

According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image predictive encoding apparatus comprising: input means, a subtractor, a compression encoder, a variable length encoder, a decompression decoder, a prediction image generator, and an adder. And a frame memory, wherein the input means inputs image data having a variable image size by dividing the image data into units of the encoding process, and the subtracter outputs a target image to be encoded. The difference image from the prediction image corresponding to the target image is obtained, and the compression encoder converts the difference image into compressed data by a predetermined compression encoding process, and the variable length encoder encodes the difference image. The compressed data is subjected to variable-length encoding to output encoded data, and the decompressor decodes the compressed data into a decompressed difference image by a predetermined decompression decoding process. The input data stored in the frame memory To generate a predictive image using a predetermined reproduction image corresponding to the image as a reference image, in the adder adds the above expanded difference image and the prediction image,
An image prediction encoding apparatus that generates and outputs a reproduced image and stores the reproduced image in the frame memory at the same time as the predicted image generator, wherein the predicted image generator includes a significant image to be referred to in the predetermined reproduced image. It is checked whether or not data exists, and when no significant image data exists, an image having a predetermined value as the image data is used as the predicted image.

An image prediction coding apparatus according to claim 18 is the image prediction coding apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the coded data for each frame is set immediately before the target frame to be coded. Has a flag indicating whether or not there is significant image data to be referred to in the frame.

[0028] According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image predictive encoding apparatus comprising: input means, a subtractor, a compression encoder, a variable length encoder, a decompression decoder, a prediction image generator, and an adder. And a frame memory, wherein the input means inputs image data having a variable image size by dividing the image data into units of the encoding process, and the subtracter outputs a target image to be encoded. The difference image from the prediction image corresponding to the target image is obtained, and the compression encoder converts the difference image into compressed data by a predetermined compression encoding process, and the variable length encoder encodes the difference image. The compressed data is subjected to variable-length encoding to output encoded data, and the decompressor decodes the compressed data into a decompressed difference image by a predetermined decompression decoding process. Playback image stored in the frame memory A predicted image is generated using the image as a reference image, and the adder adds the decompressed difference image and the predicted image to generate and output a reproduced image. At the same time, the reproduced image is stored in the frame memory. An image prediction decoding apparatus for storing, wherein the predicted image generator determines, as the reference image, one of two recently reproduced images for which at least significant image data to be referred to exists. To generate the predicted image.

According to a twentieth aspect of the present invention, in the image predictive encoding apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect,
The encoded data for each frame has a flag indicating whether or not significant image data exists in two predetermined frames immediately before the target frame including the image data to be encoded. Things.

According to a twenty-first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image predictive encoding apparatus, comprising: input means, a subtractor, a compression encoder, a variable length encoder, a decompression decoder, a prediction image generator, and an adder. And a frame memory, wherein the input means inputs image data having a variable image size by dividing the image data into units of the encoding process, and the subtracter outputs a target image to be encoded. The difference image from the prediction image corresponding to the target image is obtained, and the compression encoder converts the difference image into compressed data by a predetermined compression encoding process, and the variable length encoder encodes the difference image. The compressed data is subjected to variable-length encoding to output encoded data, and the decompressor decodes the compressed data into a decompressed difference image by a predetermined decompression decoding process. Playback image stored in the frame memory A predicted image is generated using the image as a reference image, and the adder adds the decompressed difference image and the predicted image to generate and output a reproduced image. At the same time, the reproduced image is stored in the frame memory. An image predictive encoding device for storing, based on shape data indicating a shape of an object, included in the image data having a variable image size, whether there is significant image data to be referred to in the reproduced image. A shape detector for detecting whether or not the reproduced image has no significant image data based on an output of the shape detector. The predicted image is generated using at least one reproduced image as a reference image.

A data storage medium according to a twenty-second aspect is a data storage medium storing a program for causing a computer to perform a predictive decoding process on an image, and stores the program in any one of the sixth, seventh, and ninth aspects. And a computer configured to perform a predictive encoding process of an image by the image predictive decoding device described in (1).

A data storage medium according to a twenty-third aspect is a data storage medium storing a program for causing a computer to perform a predictive encoding process on an image. A computer is configured to perform a predictive encoding process of an image by the image predictive encoding device described above.

A data storage medium according to a twenty-fourth aspect is a data recording medium storing encoded data obtained by compression-encoding an image, wherein the encoded data is stored in the data storage medium.
The encoded data obtained by the image predictive encoding process in the image predictive encoding device according to any one of 6, 17, 19, and 21.

[0034]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. (Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a predicted image generation method in an image prediction decoding method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Before explaining FIG. 1, a method of image prediction in image prediction decoding according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The image size of the input image used in the image prediction decoding method according to the first embodiment is variable, and in some cases, the size may be zero.

FIG. 2A shows images 201 to 210 of moving images arranged in the display order. Image 201 is the first screen,
.. Are displayed in the order of image 202,. This order is indicated by # 1 to # 10. Image # 1 (201)
Is the first image, and performs intra-frame encoding. In the first embodiment, an image (one frame) is divided into a plurality of 8 × 8
The image is divided into blocks each having a size of a pixel, and DCT is applied to each block having a size of 8 × 8 pixels and quantized. The quantized coefficients are subjected to variable length coding. When decoding, the encoded data obtained by the variable-length encoding is variable-length decoded, the quantized coefficients obtained by the decoding are inversely quantized, and the image is subjected to inverse DCT transform, thereby converting the image. Reproduce.
Next, the image # 2 (202) is replaced with the already reproduced image # 2.
1 (201), inter-frame predictive coding is performed.

In the first embodiment, a prediction block having the smallest error with respect to the target block is detected from the image # 1 (201) by the motion detection method of block matching. Based on the detected movement from the target block to the prediction block, an optimal prediction block is obtained from the reproduced image # 1 (201) by motion compensation of the target block. Next, a difference between the target block and the corresponding prediction block is obtained, DCT is performed on the difference, the DCT transform coefficient is quantized, and the quantized output is transmitted or stored together with the motion information. Here, the reproduced image # 1 (201) becomes a reference image of the image # 2 (202). This is called forward prediction. At the time of decoding, a prediction block is added to the difference that has been inversely quantized and inversely DCT, and an image is reproduced.

Similarly, image # 3 (203) and image # 4
(204) performs predictive coding from the reference image indicated by the arrow. Also, image # 6 (206) and image # 8 (20
8), as in image # 10 (210), it can be predicted from the image two frames before. Also, image # 5 (205),
Like the image # 7 (207) and the image # 9 (209), in addition to the forward prediction, an image displayed after the image can be referred to. Performing prediction with reference to an image displayed after the image in this way is called backward prediction. When both forward prediction and backward prediction are performed, this is called bidirectional prediction. In bidirectional prediction, there are a forward prediction mode, a backward prediction mode, and an interpolation mode for averaging forward and backward prediction.

FIG. 2B shows the transmission order of the image predicted in FIG. 2A, that is, the decoding order. Image # 1 (21
1) is first decoded and played. Refer to it,
The image # 2 (212) is decoded. Image # 5 (216)
It is necessary to decode and reproduce a reference image used for prediction first for a bidirectional predicted image as described above. Therefore, image # 6 (215) is ahead of image # 5 (216). Similarly, image # 8 (217) is replaced with image # 7
Prior to (218), image # 10 (219) is
9 (220) is transmitted, decoded and played back.

When transmitting images of variable image size, the size must be transmitted for each image. In the first embodiment, the size of the image is described at the head of the encoded data of the image, and the horizontal and vertical sizes Hm, V
m is represented by 20 bits each. FIG. 7 shows the first embodiment.
, Where the encoded data (VD) includes, in addition to the horizontal and vertical sizes Hm and Vm indicating the image size data, a motion vector, a quantization width, and , DCT coefficients, and the like.

Next, a prediction image generation method in the image prediction decoding method according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. When generating a predicted image, first, in step 102, the size of the immediately preceding reference image is input, and in step 103, it is checked whether the size of the reference image is zero.

Here, the reference image is always before the image to be decoded (in the case of encoding, the image to be encoded) in the decoding order shown in FIG. 2 (a). The reference image is an image reproduced immediately before in the image prediction decoding method according to the first embodiment. For example, FIG.
The reference image of the image # 4 (214) of the
3 (213). However, an image reproduced in bidirectional prediction is not used as a reference image because it is not used for prediction. Therefore, for example, the reference image of image # 8 (217) becomes image # 6 (215).

If it is determined in step 103 in FIG. 1 that the size of the reference image is not zero, the process proceeds to step 104, where a predicted image is generated using the immediately preceding reference image. On the other hand, if it is determined in step 103 that the size of the reference image is zero, the process proceeds to step 105. In step 105, a recently reproduced image whose image size is not zero is used as a reference image, and a prediction image Generate The method of finding a recently reproduced image whose image size is not zero will be described below with reference to FIG.

When a predicted image of image # 4 (214) is generated, image # 3 (2) before image # 4 (214) is generated.
13) is zero, and image # 2 (21)
Assume that the size of 2) is not zero. In this case, image #
2 (212), a predicted image of image # 4 (214) is generated. Similarly, when the predicted image of the image # 6 (215) is generated, if the sizes of the image # 3 (213) and the image # 4 (214) are zero, the image #
2 (212), a predicted image is generated. Here, as a method of generating a predicted image, in the first embodiment,
Similar to MPEG1, a block-based motion compensation method is used.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an image predictive decoding apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The image prediction decoding apparatus 300 according to the first embodiment is configured to receive image data obtained by compressing and encoding an image having a variable image size by a predetermined method, and to perform a prediction decoding process on the image data.

That is, the picture prediction decoding apparatus 300
A data analyzer 302 that analyzes the compression-encoded image data and outputs a quantization width and DCT coefficients to a line 312, a motion vector to a line 318, and an image size to a line 321; A decoder 303 for converting the data of the compressed block (compressed block) from 302 into a decompressed block by decompression processing, and an adder 306 for adding the decompressed block and the prediction block to generate a reproduced block. ing.

Further, the image prediction decoding apparatus 300
Frame memory unit 309 for storing the playback block
And a predicted image generator 310 that generates an address for accessing the frame memory based on the motion vector and obtains a block corresponding to the address from the image in the frame memory as the predicted block. . Here, the predicted image generator 310 determines, based on the image size from the data analyzer 302, one recently reproduced image having significant image data to be referred to as a reference image. Is also to do. The determination of the reference image is performed by the controller 320 that controls the frame memory unit 309 based on the image size from the data analyzer 302, as indicated by the dotted line in FIG.
The frame memory unit 30 is controlled by the controller 320 such that one recently reproduced image having significant image data to be referred to is selected as a reference image.
9 may be controlled.

In this case, the decoder 303
An inverse quantizer 304 for performing an inverse quantization process on the compressed block from the data analyzer 302 and a process for converting a frequency domain signal into a spatial domain signal with respect to an output of the inverse quantizer 304 from a line 313 And an inverse discrete cosine transformer (IDCT) 305 which performs the following. In the figure, reference numerals 301 and 307 denote the present image prediction decoding apparatus 3 respectively.
00 input terminal and output terminal.

The operation of the image prediction decoding apparatus according to the first embodiment configured as described above will be described below. Image data (encoded data) obtained by compressing and encoding an image having a variable image size by a predetermined method is input to an input terminal 301.
To enter. In the first embodiment, compression encoding is performed by the same motion compensation DCT method as MPEG1, and the encoded data includes motion vectors, quantization widths, DCT coefficients, and image sizes as described above. Data.

Next, the data analyzer 302 analyzes the compression-encoded image data, and transmits the quantization width and the DCT coefficient to the line 31 as compressed block data.
2 and output to the decoder 303. The motion vector analyzed by the data analyzer 302 is sent to the predicted image generator 310 via a line 318, and the image size analyzed by the data analyzer 302 is controlled via a line 321. Output to the unit 320.

In the decoder 303, the inverse quantizer 304
Then, the data of the compressed block, that is, the compressed block, is expanded by the inverse discrete cosine transformer (inverse DCT converter) 305 to restore the expanded block. In the first embodiment, an inverse quantizer 304 inversely quantizes the compressed block, and an inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) 305 converts the frequency domain signal into a spatial domain signal.
Get 4. The predicted image generator 310 generates an address 321 for accessing the frame memory unit 309 based on the motion vector transmitted via the line 318 and inputs the address 321 to the frame memory unit 309, The prediction block 317 is generated from the image stored in the unit 309 and output. The prediction block 317,
That is, the reproduction block 315 is generated by inputting the 319 and the decompressed block 314 to the adder 306 and adding them. Then, the playback block 315 is
Output from the output terminal 307 and the line 316
, And stored in the frame memory unit 309. In addition,
Here, when performing the intra-frame encoding, all the sample values of the prediction block become zero.

The operation of the predictive image generator 310 is shown in FIG.
Is the same as that described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. That is, first, the size of the reference image is input to the predicted image generator 310, and the predicted image generator 310 determines the reference image. The determination of the reference image may be performed by controlling the frame memory unit 309 via the controller 320 based on information indicating whether or not the size of the reference image is zero via the line 322. It is possible.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a frame memory bank 406 which is an example of a frame memory unit in the image predictive decoding apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
In the frame memory bank 406, three frame memories 401 to 403 are provided. The reproduced image is stored in any of these frame memories 401 to 403. Also, when generating a prediction image,
These frame memories 401 to 403 are accessed.

In the first embodiment, the changeover switch 4
04 and 405. The switch 405 is
This is for determining which frame memory stores the reproduced image input via the line 408 (corresponding to the line 316 in FIG. 3), and is controlled by the controller 320, that is, the control signal In accordance with H.322, the frame memories 401 to 403 are sequentially switched. That is, after the first reproduced image is stored in the frame memory 401, the second reproduced image is stored in the frame memory 40.
2 is stored. The same applies to the following, but after the third reproduced image is stored in the frame memory 403, the display is switched to the frame memory 401. Switch 404 connects to predicted image generator 310 via line 407 (corresponding to line 317 in FIG. 3). The switch 404 is also switched in a predetermined order by the controller 320, that is, according to the control signal 322. However, the switching order is changed according to the size of the reference image. For example, according to a predetermined order, even if a connection to the frame memory 402 is to be made and a predicted image is to be generated, if the image size of the frame memory 402 is zero, the controller 320 makes the previous frame memory 401 (this Control the switch 404 so that the image size is not zero. In this way, it is possible to generate a predicted image from a reference image whose image size is not zero. Note that the switch 404 may be simultaneously connected to a plurality of frame memories. In addition, in the device that resets the frame memory every time one image is reproduced, the controller 320 manages the frame memory so that the frame memory is not reset when the size of the reproduced image is zero. Instead, an image reproduced recently can be left in the frame memory. That is, it is possible to prevent the frame memory from being updated.

In the first embodiment, the case where the block motion compensation discrete cosine transform method is used has been described. However, the present invention provides other prediction methods (global motion compensation, arbitrary lattice block motion compensation, etc.). Is also applicable. Also, the case where only one reproduction image is used as a reference image has been described, but the same can be applied to a case where a prediction image is generated from a plurality of reference images.

According to the first embodiment as described above,
When the size of the immediately preceding reference image is detected and the size of the immediately preceding reference image is not 0, a prediction image is generated using the immediately preceding reference image, and the size of the immediately preceding reference image is 0. At this time, since a predicted image is generated using a recently reproduced image having a size other than 0, objects composing the image are object-by-object in order to improve compression efficiency.
In the case of separately compression-encoding and transmission, an image in which the image size changes and the image disappears is not used as a reference image in predictive decoding and predictive encoding of the image. An effect is obtained that appropriate predictive decoding and predictive encoding that can suppress a signal (difference signal) can be performed.

(Embodiment 2) The above-described Embodiment 1
In the above, the case where the size of the reference image is detected to be zero and the detected image is used to determine the reference image has been described. However, the fact that the image size is zero is indicated by another index ( For example, when indicated by a 1-bit flag F, etc., control can be performed using the index, and the second embodiment is configured as described above.

That is, in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, the encoded data of the target image has the image size of zero, that is, the encoded data in which the corresponding reference image is completely transparent. A one-bit flag F indicating that no data exists is provided at the front of the image data, that is, at the front of the horizontal and vertical sizes Hm and Vm indicating the data of the image size (here, If the image size is zero, the flag F is set to “0”. In such a case, the method of generating the predicted image is controlled by using the flag F as shown in FIG. It is something to do.

Next, a prediction image generation method in the image prediction decoding method according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. When generating a predicted image, first, in step 802, the immediately preceding reference image is input, and in step 803, the flag F of the reference image is set to “1”.
Find out if. If it is determined in step 803 that the flag F of the reference image is “1”, this means that the image size is not zero, in other words, the reference image is not completely transparent and coded data exists. Therefore, in step 804, a predicted image is generated using the immediately preceding reference image.

If it is determined in step 803 in FIG. 8 that the flag F of the reference image is not "1", the flow advances to step 805. In step 805, the most recently reproduced image in which the flag F is not "0" is determined. Is used as a reference image to generate a prediction image.

According to the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, when the objects constituting the image are separately compressed and transmitted in units of the object, the image size is reduced. An image that changes and disappears is not used as a reference image, and appropriate prediction decoding and prediction encoding that can suppress a residual signal (difference signal) can be performed. It is assumed that the encoded data of the target image has, at the beginning thereof, a flag indicating whether or not significant encoded data to be referred to exists in the immediately preceding reproduced image. Since the determination is performed, an effect that the calculation for determining the reference image can be easily performed can be obtained.

(Embodiment 3) FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of a predicted image generation method in an image prediction decoding apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The method for generating a predicted image according to the third embodiment is almost the same as that according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and a different process is step 505 in FIG. 5 instead of step 105 in FIG. Step 505
Then, when the reference image is zero or when the reference image is completely transmitted (or when the image flag F is set to “0”).
), An image obtained by substituting a predetermined value as a predicted image, that is, a predicted image having a predetermined value is generated.

In the third embodiment, this is assumed to be gray, that is, the values of both the luminance signal and the color difference signal are 128. As a result, in Embodiment 3, at the time of encoding, the gray block is subtracted from the block to be encoded,
At the time of decoding, a gray block is added to a block to be decoded. The predetermined value may be a variable value, transmitted from the encoding unit to the decoding unit, and used to generate a predicted image.

According to the third embodiment, when objects constituting an image are individually compression-encoded and transmitted for each object, the image size changes and the image disappears. An image is not used as a reference image, proper prediction decoding and prediction encoding that can suppress a residual signal (difference signal) can be performed, and the size of the reference image is 0. When detected,
That is, when the reference image is completely transmitted, a predicted image having a predetermined value is generated as the predicted image, so that the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained. Can be easily generated.

(Embodiment 4) FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of a predicted image generation method in an image prediction decoding apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. The method of generating a predicted image according to the fourth embodiment is almost the same as that according to the second embodiment shown in FIG.
Is a step 1005 in FIG. In step 1005, when the flag F of the image of the reference image is "0", an image obtained by substituting a predetermined value as a predicted image, that is, a predicted image having a predetermined value is generated.

According to the fourth embodiment, when objects constituting an image are individually compression-encoded and transmitted for each object, the image size changes and the image disappears. The image is not used as a reference image, proper prediction decoding and prediction encoding that can suppress the residual signal (difference signal) can be performed, and the encoded data of the target image is Has a flag indicating whether there is significant encoded data to be referred to in the immediately preceding reproduced image, and when it is detected that this flag is “0”,
Since a predicted image having a predetermined value is generated,
The same effect as in the second embodiment can be obtained, and further, an effect that a predicted image can be easily generated is obtained.

(Embodiment 5) FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of a predicted image generation method in an image prediction decoding method using bidirectional prediction according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. Hereinafter, in the case of bidirectional prediction, which is a feature of the fifth embodiment,
Processing when the reference image size is zero, that is, when the reference image is completely transparent, will be described.

That is, as shown in FIG. 6, first, in step 602, the sizes of the front and rear reference images (reference images in both directions) are input. Image # 5 in FIG. 2 (a)
(205) is a bidirectional prediction image, the forward reference image is image # 4 (204), and the backward reference image is image # 6.
(206).

Then, steps 603 and 604
Therefore, if both the size of the reference image at the front and the size of the reference image at the back are zero, in step 605, an image obtained by substituting a predetermined value, that is, an image having a predetermined value is set as a prediction image. If the size of the forward reference image is zero and the size of the backward reference image is not zero according to steps 603 and 604, a predicted image is generated in step 606 using only the backward reference image.

Next, according to steps 603 and 607, if the size of the forward reference image is not zero and the size of the backward reference image is zero, in step 608, the prediction image is transformed using only the forward reference image. Generate. If both the sizes of the front and rear reference images are not zero in steps 603 and 607, in step 609, a predicted image is generated using the reference images in both directions.

In step 610, the generated predicted image is output, the encoding unit subtracts the predicted image from the target image, and the decoding unit adds the predicted image to the difference between the target images. I do. Thus, the residual signal (difference signal) can be suppressed.

According to the fifth embodiment, when an object constituting an image is separately compressed and coded for each object and transmitted, when a predicted image is generated using a bidirectional reference image, In addition, it is possible to perform appropriate predictive decoding and predictive encoding that can suppress a residual signal (difference signal) without using an image whose image size changes and the image disappears as a reference image. In addition, since a predicted image having a predetermined value is generated as the predicted image, an effect that a predicted image can be easily generated is obtained.

(Embodiment 6) FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a predicted image generation method in an image prediction decoding method using bidirectional prediction according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. Hereinafter, the sixth embodiment has the same relationship as the second and fourth embodiments with respect to the first and third embodiments. That is, in the sixth embodiment, “size is zero?” In steps 603, 604, and 607 in FIG. 6 in the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is changed to “is flag F of“ 0 ”?”. 11 and steps 1103, 1104, and 1107 in FIG.
It is what it was.

Therefore, according to the sixth embodiment, in the case where objects constituting an image are individually compression-encoded and transmitted for each object, a predicted image is generated using a bidirectional reference image. In this case, an image in which the image size changes and the image disappears is not used as a reference image, and proper prediction decoding and prediction encoding that can suppress a residual signal (difference signal) can be performed. When the flag F of the front and rear reference images is detected to be 0, a predicted image having a predetermined value is generated, so that the image size changes.
It is possible to easily detect an image in which the image disappears, and to obtain an effect that a predicted image can be easily generated. Hereinafter, an image prediction encoding apparatus according to Embodiments 7 and 8 of the present invention will be described.

(Embodiment 7) FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing an image predictive coding apparatus according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
The image predictive coding apparatus 1000 includes a texture coding unit 1100 that performs predictive coding on a texture signal including a luminance signal and a color difference signal, and a shape coding unit 1200 that performs predictive coding on a shape signal. .

The texture encoding unit 1100 includes:
A blocker 1110 that divides a texture signal of a frame into macroblocks each having a size of 16 × 16 pixels, which is a unit of the encoding process, and outputs the divided macroblock; a target block to be encoded; Subtractor 1160 for calculating a difference from a predicted block to be compressed, a compression encoder 1120 for compressing and encoding the difference, and a compression encoder 1120
And a local decoder 1130 for decompressing and decoding the output of Here, the compression encoder 1120 includes a discrete cosine transformer 1121 that performs DCT on the difference,
And a quantizer 1122 for quantizing the DCT transform coefficient. Further, the local decoder 1130 is an inverse quantizer 11 that inversely quantizes the output of the quantizer 1122.
31 and an inverse discrete cosine transformer 1132 that applies an inverse DCT to the output of the inverse quantizer 1131 to convert a frequency domain signal into a spatial domain signal.

The texture encoding unit 1100
The adder 1170 adds the decompressed block output from the inverse discrete cosine transformer 1132 and the prediction block to generate a reproduced block, a frame memory unit (FM1) 1140 for storing the reproduced block, And a prediction image generator 1150 that obtains a prediction block corresponding to the target block by motion compensation from the image stored in the frame memory unit 1140 based on the motion information detected by the motion detection method.

The predicted image generator 1150 generates a predicted block (predicted image) from the reproduced image stored in the frame memory block 1140 based on the image size obtained from the output of the blocking unit 1110. An operation of setting a reference image to be referred to is also performed.

On the other hand, the shape encoding unit 1200 converts the shape signal of one frame into a 16 × 1
A blocker 1210 that divides and outputs a macroblock having a size of 6 pixels, a subtractor 1260 that calculates a difference between a target block to be coded and a prediction block corresponding thereto, And a shape decoder 1230 for decoding the output of the shape encoder 1220 by a decoding method corresponding to the predetermined coding method. ing. Here, the shape encoder 1120 encodes the output of the subtractor 1260 using a quadtree, a chain encoding method, or the like.

Further, the shape encoding section 1200 adds an decoded block output from the shape decoder 1230 and the prediction block to generate a reproduced block, and an output from the adder 1270. Memory unit (FM2) 1240 for storing decoded blocks to be decoded
And a prediction image generator 1250 that acquires a prediction block corresponding to the target block by motion compensation from the shape information stored in the frame memory unit 1240 based on motion information detected by a predetermined motion detection method. doing. Here, the predicted image generator 1250 generates a predicted block (predicted image) from the reproduced image stored in the frame memory block 1240 based on the image size obtained from the output of the blocking unit 1210. An operation of determining a reference image to be referred to is also performed.

It should be noted that each of the encoding units 1100 and 120
The determination of the reference image at 0 is as shown by the dotted line in FIG.
A shape detector 1280 for performing shape detection based on the reproduction block is provided, and each frame memory unit (FM) is output by a shape detection output from the shape detector 1280.
1, FM2) 1140 and 1240 may be controlled. In this case, the control of the frame memory unit by the shape detection output is performed in exactly the same manner as the control of the frame memory unit 309 by the controller 320 in the first embodiment. In this case, the shape detection output is supplied to the variable-length encoder 1010 and transmitted together with the texture signal and the encoded data of the shape signal.

The image prediction encoding apparatus 1000
Is a variable-length encoder that performs variable-length encoding of an encoded texture signal output from the texture encoding unit 1100, an encoded shape signal output from the shape encoding unit 1200, and a shape detection output, and multiplexes and outputs the resultant. It has a vessel 1010. In the drawing, 1001 is an input terminal for a texture signal, 1002 is an input terminal for a shape signal, and 1003 is an output terminal for encoded data.

Next, the operation will be described. When a texture signal (luminance / color difference signal) and a shape signal are input to the image prediction encoding device 1000, the texture signal and the shape signal are respectively encoded by the corresponding encoding units 1100,
The block units 1110 and 1210 in 1200 divide the image data into macroblocks, which are units of encoding processing, and perform predictive encoding processing for each macroblock.

In texture signal encoding section 1100,
The difference between the target block and the prediction block is calculated by a subtractor 1160.
The difference is calculated by the DCT unit 1121 as DC
The DCT coefficient is converted to a T coefficient,
At 122, it is converted into a quantized coefficient. Then, the quantized coefficient is output to the variable length encoder 1010.

The above-mentioned quantized coefficients are inversely transformed into DCT coefficients by an inverse quantizer 1131.
The DCT unit 1130 converts the data in the frequency domain into the data in the spatial domain, thereby converting the data into an expanded block corresponding to the target block. Further, the expanded block and the prediction block are added by the adder 1170 to generate a reproduced block. Then, the reproduced block is stored in the frame memory unit 1140. At this time, the predicted image generator 1150 generates a predicted block corresponding to the target block by motion compensation from the image stored in the frame memory unit 1140 based on the motion information detected by a predetermined motion detection method. Processing is taking place. Also, in the predicted image generator 1150,
Based on the image size obtained from the output of the blocker 1110, one of the most recently reproduced images having significant image data to be referenced is referenced from the reproduced images stored in the frame memory block 1140. Determined as an image. When the shape detector 1280 is provided, the reference image is determined based on the shape detection output, that is, information on whether the size of the reproduced image to be normally referred to is zero or not. It can also be performed by controlling the frame memory unit 1140.

The texture encoding section 1100
In parallel with the above processing, the shape encoding unit 1200 performs the predictive encoding process on the shape signal in substantially the same way as the predictive encoding process on the texture signal. That is, the difference between the target block and the prediction block is obtained by the subtractor 1260, and the difference is coded by the shape coder 1220 by a method such as a quadtree or a chain coding method. Output to 1010. The shape coded signal from the shape coder 1220 is transmitted to the shape decoder 123.
0, the restored block and the predicted block are added by the adder 1270 to generate a reproduced block.

The reproduced block output from the adder 1270 is stored in the frame memory unit 1240. The predicted image generator 1250 generates the predicted image data based on the motion information detected by a predetermined motion detection method.
A prediction block corresponding to the target block is generated from the shape information stored in 40 by motion compensation. Also, in the predicted image generator 1250, based on the image size obtained from the output of the blocking unit 1210, the most recent image in which significant image data to be referred to exists from the reproduced images stored in the frame memory block 1240. Is determined as a reference image.

When the reference image is determined, when the shape detector 1280 is provided, the output of the shape detection, that is, whether the size of the reproduced image to be normally referred to is zero or not is determined. It can also be performed by controlling the frame memory unit 1240 based on the information. In this case, the reproduction block is a shape detector 1
280, where shape detection is performed. For example, when the shape signal is a binary signal, if there is only black data among white data and black data as shape data, there is no reproduction shape. At this time, there is no texture signal corresponding to the shape signal of this block. In this case, as described above, from the shape detector 1280, a flag indicating that there is no encoded data or data of image size zero is output as a shape detection output, and the frame memory units 1140 and 124 are used.
0 and output to the variable length encoder 1010. In each of the frame memory units 1140 and 1240, the same control as the control of the frame memory 309 by the controller 320 in the first embodiment is performed by the shape detection output.

As described above, in the seventh embodiment, each of encoding sections 1100 and 1200 has a block converter 1110,
Based on the image size obtained from the output of the image 1210, one recently reproduced image having significant image data to be referred to from the reproduced images stored in the frame memory blocks 1140 and 1210 is referred to as a reference image. Therefore, when the objects constituting the image are separately compression-encoded and transmitted for each object, the image whose image size changes and the image can be determined is referred to as the reference image in predictive encoding of the image. Is not used, and an effect that proper prediction encoding can be performed can be obtained. The coded data predictively coded by the picture prediction coding apparatus of the seventh embodiment can be correctly decoded by the picture prediction decoding apparatus of the second embodiment.

When the apparatus has the shape detector 1280, the shape encoding unit 1200 determines whether or not a reference image corresponding to the input target block exists by determining the shape of the reproduced block of the shape signal. Is performed by detecting
When there is no shape of the reproduction block, the texture encoding unit and the shape encoding unit generate a prediction block using a reproduction block having a recently reproduced shape instead of the reproduction block corresponding to the target block. When objects constituting an image are separately compression-encoded and transmitted on an object-by-object basis, an image whose image size changes and an image can be determined is used as a reference image in predictive encoding of the image. This makes it possible to obtain an effect that it is possible to perform appropriate predictive coding capable of suppressing a residual signal (difference signal). In this case, the encoded data predictively encoded by the image prediction encoding device of the seventh embodiment can be correctly decoded by the image prediction decoding device of the second embodiment. That is, in the image predictive decoding device, the data analyzer 302 controls the frame memory block 309 based on the shape detection output, thereby decoding the coded data that has been predictively coded on an object basis. In addition, an image whose image size is changed and the image of which can be determined is not used as a reference image in predictive decoding of an image, and proper predictive decoding can be performed.

In the seventh embodiment, the selection of the reproduced image as the reference image by the predicted image generators 1150 and 1250 or the control of the frame memory units 1140 and 1240 by the shape detection output is the same as that in the first embodiment. The case where the selection of a reproduced image as a reference image by the predicted image generators 1150 and 1250 or the control of the frame memory unit 309 by the controller 320 is performed in exactly the same manner is described, but the present invention is not limited to this.

For example, when there is no image data to be referred to in the frame immediately before the target frame, a prediction image having a predetermined value may be generated as the prediction image as in the third embodiment. In this case, as the image prediction decoding device corresponding to the image prediction encoding device, the device that performs the image prediction decoding process of the third embodiment can be used.

The prediction processing in the seventh embodiment may be a bidirectional prediction processing as in the fifth embodiment.
In this case, as the image prediction decoding device corresponding to the image prediction encoding device, the device that performs the image prediction decoding process of the fifth embodiment can be used.

(Eighth Embodiment) FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an image predictive coding apparatus according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
The image predictive decoding device 1000a includes a texture coding unit 1100a that performs predictive coding on a texture signal including a luminance signal and a color difference signal, and a shape coding unit 1200a that performs predictive coding on a shape signal. .

Here, the texture encoding unit 110
0a is the texture encoding unit 11 of the seventh embodiment.
In addition to the configuration of 00, before the blocking unit 1110,
A texture signal is divided into blocks by a control signal.
The configuration has a changeover switch 1190 that switches between 0 and ground and supplies it to one of them.

The shape encoding unit 1200a does not have the shape detector 1280 in the shape encoding unit 1200 of the seventh embodiment, and transmits a shape signal by a control signal before the block generator 1210. Blocker 121
The present embodiment is different from that of the above-described seventh embodiment in having a changeover switch 1290 for switching between 0 and ground and supplying it to one of them.

The image prediction decoding apparatus 1000a
Has a shape detector 1020 that receives a shape signal and outputs the shape detection output to the changeover switches 1190 and 1290 as the control signal. Here, as a result of the shape detection by the shape detector 1020, when the input shape signal does not have a shape, each of the changeover switches outputs the input texture signal and shape signal by the shape detection output. When the shape signal that is input to the ground side and that is input to the other side has a shape, the texture signal and the shape signal are output to the respective block converters 1110 and 1.
These signals are switched so as to be input to the signal 210. Note that the shape detection output is output from the variable length encoder 1010 to each of the encoding units 1100a and 1200a.
The variable-length encoding process is performed together with the encoded data from.

Next, the operation of the picture prediction decoding apparatus according to the eighth embodiment will be briefly described. In the image prediction decoding apparatus 1000a according to the eighth embodiment having such a configuration, except for the control of the changeover switch by the shape detector 1020,
The same predictive decoding operation as in the seventh embodiment is performed.

That is, the picture prediction decoding apparatus 1000
In a, when the texture signal and the shape signal are input, the shape detector 1020 detects whether or not the input shape signal has a shape. As a result of this detection, when the shape signal does not have a shape, the switches 1190 and 1290 are controlled by the output of the shape detector 1020, and the input texture signal and shape signal are supplied to the ground side. That is, at this time, the predictive encoding process is not performed on the shape signal and the texture signal, and the shape detection output is supplied to the variable length encoder 1010.

On the other hand, as a result of the detection, when the input shape signal has a shape, the switches 1190 and 129 are output by the output of the shape detector 1020.
0 is controlled, and the texture signal and the shape signal are input to each of the blockers 1110 and 1210, and are subjected to predictive coding processing. Then, each encoding unit 1100a
And the output of 1200a is output to the variable length encoder 1010.

As described above, in the eighth embodiment, the shape detector 1020 for determining whether or not the input shape signal has a shape is provided. When the shape signal has a shape, The prediction encoding for the texture signal and the shape signal is performed, and when the shape signal does not have a shape, the prediction encoding for the texture signal and the shape signal is not performed. In the case where the image is compressed and encoded separately in units and transmitted, the image whose image size changes and the image can be determined is not used as a reference image in predictive encoding of the image, and the residual signal ( It is possible to perform appropriate predictive coding that can suppress the difference signal).

Since the detection output from the shape detector is encoded and transmitted, the image prediction decoding apparatus uses this detection output as a synchronization signal, that is, the image size becomes smaller. While the image disappears, playback of the encoded data corresponding to this image is stopped,
It is possible to appropriately perform predictive decoding processing on an image in which the image size changes and the image is determined.

Further, a program for realizing the configuration of the image prediction decoding method or apparatus and the image prediction encoding method or apparatus described in each of the above embodiments is recorded on a data recording medium such as a floppy disk. By doing so, the processing described in each of the above embodiments can be easily performed in an independent computer system.

FIG. 14 illustrates a case where the predictive decoding process or the predictive encoding process in each of the above embodiments is performed by a computer system using a floppy disk storing programs corresponding to these signal processes. FIG. FIG. 14A shows the external appearance, cross-sectional structure, and main body of a floppy disk which is a recording medium when viewed from the front of the floppy disk FD.
Shows an example of the physical format of the floppy disk body D. Floppy disk body D is case FC
A plurality of tracks Tr are formed concentrically from the outer circumference to the inner circumference on the surface of the disk body D, and each track is divided into 16 sectors Se in the angular direction. Therefore, in the floppy disk body D storing the program, the floppy disk body D
The data as the program is recorded in the area allocated above.

FIG. 14 (c) shows a configuration for recording and reproducing the above program on the floppy disk FD. When recording the program on the floppy disk FD, data as the program is written from the computer system Cs to the floppy disk FD via the floppy disk drive FDD. Also,
When the above-described image transmission method or image decoding apparatus is constructed in the computer system Cs by using the program in the floppy disk FD, the program is read from the floppy disk FD by the floppy disk drive FDD and transferred to the computer system Cs.

In the above description, a data recording medium storing a program for performing the predictive decoding process or the predictive encoding process in each of the above embodiments has been described. One that stores encoded data of an image according to each embodiment may also be used.

In the above description, image processing by a computer system using a floppy disk as a data recording medium has been described. However, this image processing can be similarly performed using an optical disk. Further, the recording medium is not limited to this, and may be an IC card, a ROM cassette, or the like.
The same image processing can be performed as long as the program can be recorded.

[0107]

As described above, the image prediction decoding method, the image prediction decoding device, the image prediction encoding method,
And according to the image prediction encoding device, when the size of the reference image is zero, or when the reference image is completely transparent,
Alternatively, when a flag in the image data indicating that the size of the reference image is zero is detected, prediction decoding is performed using another reproduced image whose image size is not zero. For the purpose of improvement, when the objects composing an image are individually compression-encoded and transmitted on an object-by-object basis, when the image size changes and the image disappears, the image decoding and encoding are performed. There is no remarkable effect that it is not used as a reference image, and appropriate decoding and encoding can be performed. Therefore, a code amount can be suppressed and compression encoding can be performed efficiently.

According to the image predictive decoding method, the image predictive decoding device, the image predictive encoding method, and the image predictive encoding device of the present invention, whether the size of the reference image is zero, Is completely transmitted, by detecting a flag in the image data indicating whether or not encoded data exists, in addition to the above-described effects, the reference image The effect of being able to easily perform the calculation to be determined is obtained.

According to the image predictive decoding method, the image predictive decoding device, the image predictive encoding method, and the image predictive encoding device according to the present invention, objects constituting an image are individually compressed and encoded in object units. When generating a predicted image using a bidirectional reference image, the image in which the image size changes and the image disappears is not used as a reference image, Decoding and encoding can be performed, and a predicted image having a predetermined value is generated as a predicted image. Therefore, an effect that a predicted image can be easily generated is obtained.

According to the image predictive coding apparatus of the present invention, the apparatus is provided with a shape detector for determining whether or not the input shape signal has a shape, and the shape signal has a shape. Performs predictive encoding on the texture signal and the shape signal, and when the shape signal does not have a shape, does not perform the predictive encoding on the texture signal and the shape signal. In the case of separately compressing and encoding the image data for each object and transmitting the image, the image whose image size changes and the image can be determined is not used as the reference image in the predictive encoding of the image. Predictive coding can be performed.

According to the data storage medium of the present invention,
When the size of the reference image is zero, when the reference image is completely transparent, or when the computer detects a flag in the image data indicating that the size of the reference image is zero, the image size becomes zero. Since a program for performing a predictive decoding process or a predictive encoding process for performing a predictive decoding using another reproduced image is stored, the code amount as described above is suppressed, and the compression encoding is efficiently performed. The predictive decoding process or the predictive encoding process that can be performed can be realized by software.

According to the data storage medium of the present invention,
The computer detects whether or not the size of the reference image is zero, that is, whether or not the reference image is completely transparent, by detecting a flag in the image data indicating whether or not encoded data is present. , A program for performing a predictive decoding process or a predictive encoding process is detected, so that the amount of code can be suppressed and compression encoding can be performed efficiently, and in addition, the operation of determining a reference image can be performed. Can be realized by software in a predictive decoding process or a predictive encoding process that can be easily performed.

According to the data storage medium of the present invention,
When an object constituting an image is separately compressed and transmitted on an object-by-object basis and transmitted, when generating a predicted image using a bidirectional reference image, an image whose size changes and the image disappears Is not used as a reference image, proper decoding and encoding can be performed, and a prediction decoding process or a prediction encoding process for generating a prediction image having a predetermined value as a prediction image Is stored in the computer, so that a predictive decoding process or a predictive encoding process capable of easily generating a predicted image can be realized by software.

According to the data storage medium of the present invention,
Determine whether the input shape signal has a shape, if the shape signal has a shape,
A program is stored for performing predictive encoding on the texture signal and the shape signal, and performing a predictive encoding process that does not perform predictive encoding on the texture signal and the shape signal when the shape signal does not have a shape. In the case where objects constituting an image are separately compression-encoded on an object-by-object basis and transmitted, an image in which the image size changes and an image can be determined is used as a reference image in predictive encoding of the image. Therefore, an image predictive encoding device capable of performing appropriate predictive encoding can be realized by software.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a predicted image generation method in an image prediction decoding method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of image prediction in image prediction decoding according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an image prediction decoding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a frame memory used in the image prediction decoding device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a predicted image generation method in the image prediction decoding method according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a predicted image generation method in an image prediction decoding method according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing image data according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a predicted image generation method in the image prediction decoding method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing image data according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a predicted image generation method in the image prediction decoding method according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a predicted image generation method in the image prediction decoding method according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing an image prediction encoding apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an image prediction encoding apparatus according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 14 (a) to 14 (c) are diagrams each showing encoded data according to each embodiment of the present invention, or an image predictive decoding method, an image predictive decoding device, and an image predictive encoding method. Or a diagram for explaining a data recording medium for storing a program for realizing image processing by a computer using an image prediction encoding device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 301, 1001, 1002 Input terminal 302 Data analyzer 303, 1130, 1230 Decoder 304, 1131 Inverse quantizer 305, 1132 Inverse discrete cosine transformer (IDCT) 306, 1170, 1270 Adder 307 Output terminal 309, 1140 , 1240 Frame memory unit 310, 1150, 1250 Predictive image generator 320 Controller 406 Frame memory bank 401-403 Frame memory 404, 405 Switch 407, 408 Line 1000, 1000a Image predictive encoding device 1003 Output terminal 1010 Variable length encoding Units 1020,1280 Shape detector 1100,1100a Texture encoder 1200,1200a Shape encoder 1110,1210 Blocker 1120,1220 Encoder 1121 Scattered cosine transformer (DCT) 1122 Quantizer 1160, 1260 Subtractor 1170, 1270 Adder 1190, 1290 Changeover switch # 1 (201) to # 10 (210) Image # 1 (211) to # 9 (220) Image Cs Computer system D Floppy disk body F Flag FC Floppy disk case FD Floppy disk FDD Floppy disk drive Hm, Vm Vertical, horizontal data size

Claims (24)

[Claims] An image data obtained by compressing and encoding an image having a variable image size by a predetermined method is input, and prediction is performed using at least one reproduced image reproduced before an image to be decoded as a reference image. In the image predictive decoding method of generating an image and performing the predictive decoding of the image to be decoded, the reference image includes at least one recently reproduced image having significant image data to be referred to. An image prediction decoding method, wherein the prediction image is generated using a reproduced image. 2. A predictive image using image data obtained by compressing and encoding an image having a variable image size by a predetermined method and using a predetermined reproduced image reproduced before a target image to be decoded as a reference image. In the image prediction decoding method of predictively decoding the image to be decoded, a significant image to be referred to as a predetermined reproduced image used as a reference image when generating the predicted image An image predictive decoding method characterized in that an image having a predetermined value as image data is used as a predicted image when data does not exist. 3. The image predictive decoding method according to claim 1, wherein the compression-encoded image data for each frame includes a frame immediately before a target frame to be decoded.
An image predictive decoding method having a flag indicating whether or not there is significant image data to be referred to. 4. An image data obtained by compressing and encoding an image having a variable image size by a predetermined method, generating a predicted image using a reference image, and predictively decoding the image to be decoded. In the image prediction decoding method, it is preferable that the predicted image is generated by using, as the reference image, one of two recently reproduced images in which at least significant image data to be referred to exists. An image prediction decoding method which is a feature. 5. The image predictive decoding method according to claim 4, wherein the compression-encoded image data for each frame includes two predetermined frames immediately before a target frame to be decoded. An image predictive decoding method having a flag indicating whether or not there is significant image data to be referred to. 6. An input means, a data analyzer, a decoder, a predictive image generator, an adder, and a frame memory, wherein the input means inputs a variable-size image to a predetermined method. The image data compressed and encoded in the above step is input, the data analyzer analyzes the image data, outputs an image size and an image conversion coefficient, and the decoder converts the image conversion coefficient into a predetermined value. And a predicted image is generated by the predicted image generator using the reproduced image stored in the frame memory as a reference image, and the decompressed image is generated by the adder. An image predictive decoding device that adds the predicted image to the reproduced image to generate and output a reproduced image, and stores the reproduced image in the frame memory at the same time. To be referenced Determining whether or not there is significant image data, and generating the predicted image using at least one recently reproduced image having significant image data as a reference image. Predictive decoding device. 7. An image processing apparatus comprising: an input unit, a data analyzer, a decoder, a predicted image generator, an adder, and a frame memory, wherein the input unit converts an input image having a variable image size into a predetermined image. The image data compressed and encoded by the method is input, the data analyzer analyzes the image data, outputs an image size and an image conversion coefficient, and the decoder outputs the image conversion coefficient, Reconstructing a decompressed difference image by a predetermined method, the predicted image generator generates a predicted image using a predetermined reproduced image corresponding to the input image stored in the frame memory as a reference image, An image adder for adding the decompressed difference image and the prediction image to generate and output a reproduced image, and, at the same time, storing the reproduced image in the frame memory; Image generator Checks whether or not there is significant image data to be referred to in the predetermined reproduced image, and when no significant image data exists in the predetermined reproduced image, a predetermined value is regarded as the image data. An image prediction decoding device, wherein an image is used as the prediction image. 8. The image predictive decoding apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the compression-encoded image data for each frame is added to a frame immediately before a target frame to be decoded.
An image predictive decoding device having a flag indicating whether or not there is significant image data to be referred to. 9. An image processing apparatus comprising: input means, a data analyzer, a decoder, a predictive image generator, an adder, and a frame memory, wherein the input means outputs a variable-size image to a predetermined method. The image data compressed and encoded in the above step is input, the data analyzer analyzes the image data, outputs an image size and an image conversion coefficient, and the decoder converts the image conversion coefficient into a predetermined value. The predicted image is generated by using the reproduced image stored in the frame memory as a reference image in the predicted image generator, and the expanded differential image is reconstructed by the adder. , Adding the predicted image, generating and outputting a reproduced image, and, at the same time, storing the reproduced image in the frame memory, wherein the predicted image generator includes, as the reference image, Recently Played An image prediction decoding apparatus, wherein the predicted image is generated using at least significant image data to be referred to among the two reproduced images. 10. The image predictive decoding apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the image data of each of the compression-encoded frames is divided into two predetermined frames immediately before a target frame to be decoded. An image predictive decoding device having a flag indicating whether or not there is significant image data to be referred to. 11. An image having a variable image size is input, a predicted image is generated using at least one reproduced image reproduced before an image to be encoded as a reference image, and the target image is generated from the predicted image. In an image prediction encoding method of subtracting an image and compressing and encoding the difference by a predetermined method, when the predicted image is generated, a recently reproduced image having significant image data to be referred to exists. An image prediction encoding method, wherein the prediction image is generated using at least one reproduced image as a reference image. 12. An image having a variable image size is input, a predicted image is generated using a predetermined reproduced image reproduced before an image to be encoded as a reference image, and the target image is generated from the predicted image. In the image prediction encoding method of compressing and encoding the difference by a predetermined method, significant image data to be referred to in a predetermined reproduced image used as a reference image when the predicted image is generated. An image predictive encoding method, characterized in that an image having a predetermined value as image data when the image does not exist is used as the predicted image. 13. The image predictive encoding method according to claim 11, wherein the compression-encoded image data for each frame is added to a frame immediately before a target frame to be encoded.
An image predictive encoding method comprising a flag indicating whether or not there is significant image data to be referred to. 14. An image having a variable image size is input, a predicted image is generated using a reference image, a target image to be encoded is subtracted from the predicted image, and the difference is calculated as
In the image prediction encoding method of performing compression encoding by a predetermined method, the reference image is obtained by using at least significant image data to be referred to among the two reproduced images recently reproduced. An image prediction encoding method, characterized by generating a prediction image. 15. The image prediction encoding method according to claim 14, wherein the compression-encoded image data for each frame is divided into two predetermined frames immediately before a target frame to be encoded. An image predictive encoding method comprising a flag indicating whether or not there is significant image data to be referred to. 16. An input means, a subtracter, a compression encoder, a variable length encoder, a decompression decoder, a predicted image generator, an adder, and a frame memory, The input means inputs the image data with variable image size in units of units of the encoding process, and in the subtracter, a target image to be subjected to the encoding process;
A difference image from the prediction image corresponding to the target image is obtained. The compression encoder converts the difference image into compressed data by a predetermined compression encoding process. The compressed data is subjected to variable-length encoding to output encoded data, and the decompressed data is restored to a decompressed difference image by a predetermined decompression decoding process in the decompression decoder. A predicted image is generated using the reproduced image stored in the frame memory as a reference image, and the adder adds the decompressed difference image and the predicted image to generate and output a reproduced image. An image predictive encoding device that stores the reproduced image in the frame memory, wherein the predicted image generator checks whether the reproduced image has significant image data to be referred to, What Using at least one of the reproduced image is reproduced recently the image data exists as a reference picture, image predictive coding apparatus and generates the prediction image. 17. An apparatus comprising: input means, a subtractor, a compression encoder, a variable length encoder, a decompression decoder, a predicted image generator, an adder, and a frame memory. The input means inputs image data of variable image size in units of units of the encoding process, and in the subtracter, a target image to be subjected to the encoding process;
A difference image from the predicted image corresponding to the target image is obtained, and the compression encoder converts the difference image into compressed data by a predetermined compression encoding process. The compressed data is subjected to variable-length encoding to output encoded data, and the decompressed data is restored to a decompressed difference image by a predetermined decompression decoding process in the decompression decoder. A predictive image is generated using a predetermined reproduced image corresponding to the input image stored in the frame memory as a reference image, and the adder adds the decompressed difference image and the predicted image, An image prediction encoding apparatus that generates and outputs a reproduced image and stores the reproduced image in the frame memory at the same time as the predicted image generator, wherein the predicted image generator includes a significant image to be referred to in the predetermined reproduced image. Checks whether over data is present, when significant image data is not present, the image predictive coding apparatus, characterized by an image and the image data of the predetermined value and the predictive image. 18. The image prediction encoding apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the encoded data for each frame is a significant frame to be referred to in a frame immediately before a target frame to be encoded. An image predictive encoding apparatus having a flag indicating whether image data exists. 19. An apparatus comprising: input means, a subtractor, a compression encoder, a variable-length encoder, a decompression decoder, a predicted image generator, an adder, and a frame memory. The input means inputs image data of variable image size in units of units of the encoding process, and in the subtracter, a target image to be subjected to the encoding process;
A difference image from the predicted image corresponding to the target image is obtained, and the compression encoder converts the difference image into compressed data by a predetermined compression encoding process. The compressed data is subjected to variable-length encoding to output encoded data, and the decompressed data is restored to a decompressed difference image by a predetermined decompression decoding process in the decompression decoder. A predicted image is generated using the reproduced image stored in the frame memory as a reference image, and the adder adds the decompressed difference image and the predicted image to generate and output a reproduced image. An image prediction decoding apparatus for storing the reproduced image in the frame memory, wherein the predicted image generator includes at least a reference image of two recently reproduced images as the reference image. Image predictive coding apparatus and generates the prediction image using what Rubeki significant image data is present. 20. The image predictive encoding apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the encoded data for each frame includes two predetermined frames immediately before a target frame including image data to be encoded. An image predictive encoding apparatus having a flag indicating whether or not significant image data exists. 21. An apparatus comprising: input means, a subtractor, a compression encoder, a variable length encoder, a decompression decoder, a predicted image generator, an adder, and a frame memory. The input means inputs image data of variable image size in units of units of the encoding process, and in the subtracter, a target image to be subjected to the encoding process;
A difference image from the prediction image corresponding to the target image is obtained. The compression encoder converts the difference image into compressed data by a predetermined compression encoding process. The compressed data is subjected to variable-length encoding to output encoded data, and the decompressed data is restored to a decompressed difference image by a predetermined decompression decoding process in the decompression decoder. A predicted image is generated using the reproduced image stored in the frame memory as a reference image, and the adder adds the decompressed difference image and the predicted image to generate and output a reproduced image. An image predictive encoding device that stores the reproduced image in the frame memory, wherein the reproduced image is referred to based on shape data indicating the shape of an object included in the image data with variable image size. Includes a shape detector that significant image data to be to detect whether or not there, the prediction image generator, based on the output of the shape detector,
When the reproduced image does not have significant image data, the prediction image is generated using at least one recently reproduced image having significant image data as a reference image. Image predictive coding device. 22. A data recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to perform a predictive decoding process on an image, wherein the program stores the program according to claim 6, 7, or 9. A data recording medium, wherein a computer is configured to perform a predictive decoding process of an image by an apparatus. 23. A data recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to perform a predictive encoding process on an image, wherein the program is an image prediction device according to any one of claims 16, 17, 19, and 21. A data recording medium characterized in that a computer performs predictive encoding of an image by an encoding device. 24. A data recording medium storing encoded data obtained by compression-encoding an image, wherein the encoded data is an image prediction code according to claim 16, 17, 19, or 21. A data recording medium, which is encoded data obtained by predictive encoding of an image in an encoding device.