JPH10319375A - High polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a means which forms the microspaces (liquid crystal pools) in a high-polymer resin phase packed with liquid crystal drops to a flat form long in a direction parallel with a substrate without applying mechanical pressing force thereon. SOLUTION: This process for producing a high-polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element has a mixture developing stage for forming a liquid crystal high- polymer mixture layer 2 by developing a liquid crystal high-polymer mixture contg. a liquid crystal material and a high-polymer material on a substrate 1, a surface layer part forming stage for forming the surface layer part 2a by solidifying the surface of the liquid crystal high-polymer mixture layer 2 preferentially to the inside thereof, and a main body part forming stage for phase separating the high-polymer material and liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal highpolymer mixture existing oh the inner side of the surface layer part 2a and allowing the phase separated flocculation nuclei 7 to grow to the shape smaller in the diameter of the direction perpendicular to the substrate than the diameter of the direction parallel with the substrate, then solidifying the high-polymer material in the state of enclosing the substrate drops 8.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a structure of a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between substrates.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device is a device that displays light and dark by changing the orientation of a liquid crystal dispersed in a polymer resin in the longitudinal direction of a molecule depending on whether or not a voltage is applied.
Unlike conventional liquid crystal display elements such as twisted nematic, this type of liquid crystal display element does not require a deflecting plate to obtain linear deflection, so the element structure can be simplified and light use efficiency can be reduced. It has the characteristic that it can be increased.

In a transmissive liquid crystal display device in which a backlight is disposed behind a liquid crystal layer, the backlight consumes a large amount of power and requires a large space for housing the backlight. Therefore, it is difficult to reduce the size and weight of the element. On the other hand, the reflection type liquid crystal display element can be easily reduced in size and weight as compared with the transmission type, because no backlight is provided. However, since the optical path of the optical system is doubled, the screen becomes dark. Therefore, as the demand for lighter weight and higher functionality of the device has increased, a reflection type using a polymer dispersed liquid crystal system, which has a simple device structure and high light use efficiency, has attracted attention, and in particular, the dichroism in the liquid crystal has been attracting attention. Since the guest-host mode polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display system containing a dye does not require a color filter or a polarizing plate, it is expected to be a light-weight and bright next-generation color liquid crystal display system.

[0004] Such a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal color display device has conventionally had the following problems. For full color display, 3 colors containing different dyes were used.
It is necessary to stack the liquid crystal layers of each layer and control each liquid crystal layer independently. Conventionally, a method of sandwiching each liquid crystal layer between two glass substrates on which pixel electrodes are formed has been used. . However, in the reflection type, light incident from the element surface is reflected by a reflection plate provided outside the liquid crystal layer, and is displayed after passing through the glass substrate and the liquid crystal layer again. Therefore, the incident light was greatly attenuated, and a sufficiently bright display could not be obtained.

In the polymer dispersed liquid crystal system, the direction of the molecular long axis of the liquid crystal or dichroic dye filled in a space (liquid crystal pool) surrounded by a polymer resin is changed depending on whether or not a voltage is applied, and light absorption is performed. It is intended to display light and dark or a color tone using the difference between the two. Therefore, it is preferable that the difference in light absorption between when a voltage is not applied and when a voltage is applied is large, so that a clear contrast can be obtained. However, light absorption by the dichroic dye is considered as a major axis direction of the dye molecule and electromagnetic waves of incident light. Become strongest when the amplitude directions substantially coincide with each other.

Therefore, when the major axis direction is oriented in a direction perpendicular to the electric field, that is, in a direction parallel to the substrate, light absorption is maximized, and conversely, the major axis direction is parallel to the electric field, that is, in the direction parallel to the electric field. When oriented in a direction perpendicular to the substrate,
Light absorption is minimized. Here, by applying a voltage equal to or higher than the threshold value, the molecular long axis direction of the liquid crystal or dichroic dye can be almost completely oriented in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. However, when no voltage was applied, the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules and dichroic dye molecules became random, and the orientation could not be sufficiently performed in a direction parallel to the substrate. For this reason, conventionally, a sufficient contrast ratio has not been obtained.

[0007] Here, with respect to the above problems, a color liquid crystal having a structure in which a common pixel electrode is formed on a liquid crystal layer on a substrate on which electrodes and driving elements are provided, and a glass substrate is not disposed between intermediate liquid crystal layers. A display element has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-337643, Japanese Patent Application No. 6-286324). According to this technique, the display can be made brighter because the glass substrate is not disposed in the middle, and the above problem can be considerably solved. However, this technique cannot solve the above problem.

Therefore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 5-80302 and 7-181454 propose techniques for solving the above-mentioned problems. In this technique, a liquid crystal layer is mechanically pressed while a mixture of liquid crystal and a polymer resin is sandwiched between two substrates in a process in which the polymer resin undergoes phase separation and polymerization, or after polymerization. This is a technology to form a space filled with liquid crystal droplets (liquid crystal pool) into a flat shape that is long in the direction parallel to the substrate. This technology is to change the shape of the minute space filled with liquid crystal droplets (liquid crystal pool) with the substrate. If the length in the vertical direction is smaller than the length in the direction parallel to the substrate, the shape of the liquid crystal molecules and dichroic dyes are aligned in the direction parallel to the substrate when no voltage is applied. This is based on the idea that the absorbance increases when no voltage is applied (for example, Hideya Murai: Study by Calculation of Absorption Characteristics of Guest-Host Type Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals), Journal of Polymers, Vol. 4, 1995).

However, the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-80302 is a method of mechanically pressing the liquid crystal layer. Therefore, when a plurality of liquid crystal layers are laminated, it is necessary to repeat the pressing step by the number of liquid crystal layers. In addition, when a full-color liquid crystal display element is manufactured, the manufacturing process becomes extremely complicated. Also, the thickness of the element to be pressed changes (increases) for each layer.
Therefore, the flatness of the liquid crystal pool (micro space) tends to vary. Therefore, there is a problem that workability and yield of the element are poor.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above, and has a structure in which a liquid crystal polymer composite layer having a structure in which liquid crystal is filled in a minute space surrounded by a polymer resin is sandwiched between electrodes. In the method for producing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element, a simple method for forming the shape of the minute space into a flat shape is provided, and thus a high-performance polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display having a large contrast ratio and small hysteresis is provided. It is intended to provide an element at low cost.

[0011]

According to the first aspect of the present invention,
It is composed of a polymer resin phase containing a plurality of flat microspaces whose length in the direction perpendicular to the substrate is smaller than the length in the direction parallel to the substrate, and a liquid crystal phase filled in the flat microspaces. Wherein the liquid crystal polymer composite layer is disposed on the substrate, the method comprising the steps of: producing a liquid crystal polymer in a solution containing a liquid crystal material and a polymer material; A mixture development step of developing the mixture on a substrate to form a layer of a liquid crystal polymer mixture, and a surface layer part forming step of solidifying the surface of the layer of the liquid crystal polymer mixture inside to form a surface layer part, and The polymer material in the liquid crystal polymer mixture inside the surface layer and the liquid crystal material are phase-separated, and the phase-separated liquid crystal droplets are smaller in diameter in the direction perpendicular to the substrate than in the direction parallel to the substrate. After the liquid crystal is grown, And solidifying the, characterized in that it comprises a body portion forming step of forming a body portion, a having a plurality of filled flat minute space of the liquid crystal droplets.

With this configuration, in the surface layer forming step, the surface of the liquid crystal polymer mixture spread on the substrate is preferentially solidified to form the surface layer. The surface layer controls the evaporation of the solvent from the mixture (mixture in an unsolidified state) in the inside thereof, and also serves as a lid for suppressing the pressure generated in the orthogonal direction to the substrate. That is, the liquid crystal material and the polymer material in the mixture are phase-separated at an appropriate speed by the solvent evaporation control function of the surface layer portion, and the phase-separated fine droplets (liquid crystal material) are aggregated with each other to form a larger liquid crystal. In this case, the vertical direction perpendicular to the substrate has only a very narrow gap between the substrate and the surface layer, so the growth direction of the liquid crystal droplet is guided in a direction parallel to the substrate,
A long flat liquid crystal droplet is formed in a direction parallel to the substrate. Then, the polymer material is solidified so as to surround the liquid crystal droplets grown in such a shape. As a result, a flat minute space long in the direction parallel to the substrate is formed.

That is, according to the above configuration, a liquid crystal polymer composite layer in which liquid crystal droplets are filled in a flat minute space can be formed reasonably and easily, and a special pressing device is not required. Therefore, the manufacturing process can be simplified.

When the liquid crystal droplets are confined in the flat minute space, the following operation and effect can be obtained. Since the molecules of the liquid crystal and / or dichroic dye confined in the space inside the polymer resin are oriented along the wall surface of the polymer resin, if the space filled with the liquid crystal droplets is flattened, more molecules are generated. The major axis is oriented in the major axis direction of the flat space. Therefore, when the minute space is made flat in the direction parallel to the substrate by applying the present invention, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules and / or dichroic dye molecules when no voltage is applied can be aligned in the direction parallel to the substrate. And, as described above, when the molecular long axis of the liquid crystal and / or dichroic dye is oriented in a direction parallel to the substrate,
The light absorbance is maximized. Therefore, the difference between the light absorbance at the time of voltage application and the light absorbance at the time of no voltage application, which is forcibly oriented in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, is enlarged, and the contrast ratio is improved.

Further, as described above, the long axis of the molecules of the liquid crystal or the like filled in the flat minute space tends to be oriented in the major axis direction of the minute space, which is an energy-stable orientation direction. Compared to the case of the spherical space where the direction does not exist, the liquid crystal etc. filled in the flat minute space
Hysteresis is reduced. That is, according to the present invention, a highly reliable display element having an excellent contrast ratio and stable voltage-light absorption / transmission characteristics can be obtained by simple means.

Further, in the configuration in which the surface of the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer is preferentially solidified, only the polymer material is solidified while excluding the liquid crystal material in the solidification process, so that the liquid crystal droplets are deposited on the preferentially solidified surface layer portion. Not included. Such a surface layer has high mechanical strength. Therefore, according to the present invention having the above-described configuration, an operational effect that the liquid crystal polymer composite layer can be protected by the surface layer having high mechanical strength can be obtained. In the process of solidifying the surface layer, the liquid crystal material moves toward the liquid crystal polymer mixture in an unsolidified state.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the first aspect, the mixing ratio of the liquid crystal material and the polymer material constituting the liquid crystal polymer mixture is set to [0. 4: 0.6] to [0.8: 0.2].

When the mixing ratio of the liquid crystal material and the polymer material is within the above range, the liquid crystal phase and the polymer resin phase are suitably balanced, and a suitable flat micro space in which liquid crystal droplets are confined can be formed. Therefore, a sufficient light absorbance can be secured when no voltage is applied, so that a color liquid crystal display device having a sufficient contrast ratio and a sufficient saturation can be obtained.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the method of manufacturing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the second aspect, the thickness of the surface layer formed in the surface layer forming step is adjusted to the thickness of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer. Characterized by a ratio of 0.05 to 0.5.

When the thickness of the surface layer is within the above range with respect to the thickness of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer, the function of enhancing the mechanical strength of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer is sufficiently exhibited, and as a result, Since the liquid crystal polymer composite layer is formed, the performance of the liquid crystal display device is enhanced.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the method of manufacturing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to any one of the first to third aspects, the surface layer portion forming step comprises the step of: The method is characterized in that the liquid crystal polymer mixture is applied or sprayed on the surface of the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer, and the surface layer of the liquid crystal polymer mixture is preferentially solidified inside by utilizing the action of a solidification accelerator.

In this configuration, the surface of the liquid crystal polymer mixture can be reliably solidified preferentially by the solidification accelerator.
Therefore, as a result of the preferentially solidified surface layer functioning properly,
A series of flows, that is, the deposition of microdroplets (aggregation nuclei) → the growth of droplets → the formation of flat microspaces, proceeds smoothly. Therefore, according to this configuration, a high-quality liquid crystal display device can be manufactured. In addition, the work of applying or spraying the solidification accelerator on the surface of the mixture layer can be easily performed, and automation is also easy. Therefore, according to this configuration, a high quality liquid crystal display device can be manufactured with high productivity.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the method of manufacturing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the fourth aspect, a photosensitive resin is used as the polymer material.

When the photosensitive resin is used, the liquid crystal polymer mixture can be easily solidified by light irradiation, and the solidification rate can be controlled by adjusting the light irradiation intensity, so that the surface layer portion and the main body portion can be easily formed. Become.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the fourth aspect, a photo-polymerizable monomer and / or a photo-polymerizable oligomer is used as the polymer material, and the solidification is performed. It is characterized in that a photopolymerization initiator is used as an accelerator.

With this configuration, the physical properties, viscosity, reactivity and the like of the polymer material can be set more freely, and the solidification rate and the size of the liquid crystal droplets can be easily controlled. Therefore, a liquid crystal display device having desired characteristics can be obtained.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal polymer composite layer composed of a polymer resin phase including a plurality of flat minute spaces and a liquid crystal phase filled in the flat minute spaces.
In the method for producing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device disposed on the substrate, the production method is to spread a liquid crystal polymer mixture in a solution containing a polymer material and a liquid crystal material on the substrate, While applying shear stress in the parallel direction,
The polymer material and the liquid crystal material are phase-separated, and the polymer material is solidified, so that the flat minute space filled with liquid crystal droplets has a length perpendicular to the substrate in a direction parallel to the substrate. It is characterized in that a liquid crystal polymer composite layer having a plurality of flat minute spaces smaller than the length is formed.

According to this configuration, a flat micro space filled with liquid crystal droplets can be formed without applying a mechanical pressing force to the mixture layer, and the main body may be damaged in the main body forming step. Absent. Therefore, the manufacturing workability is better than the method of the related art in which a mechanical pressing force is directly applied (JP-A-5-80302, JP-A-7-181454, etc.).

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the seventh aspect, a method of dropping a liquid crystal polymer mixture in a solution state on a substrate is used as the developing method. As the shear stress, a shear stress generated by rotating a substrate is used.

With this configuration, a spin coater (coating device) generally used for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element can be used, and it is not necessary to introduce a new special device. Also, it is possible to apply a solidification accelerator to the surface of the mixture layer while applying shear stress by rotation, or to irradiate the surface of the mixture layer with light while applying shear stress by rotation. A suitable liquid crystal polymer composite layer whose speed and thickness can be appropriately controlled can be formed.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the seventh aspect, as the developing method, a method of transferring a liquid crystal polymer mixture from a surface of a rotating drum onto a substrate. As the shear stress, the drum surface is brought into contact with the substrate or the pixel electrode with a liquid crystal polymer mixture interposed therebetween, and in this state, the rotation distance of the drum surface moves the drum on the surface of the substrate or the pixel electrode. The shear stress generated by sliding and rotating the drum so as to be larger than the distance is used.

With this configuration, shear stress is generated between the surface of the drum that slides and rotates in contact with the liquid crystal polymer mixture and the surface of the substrate or the pixel electrode. Therefore, a flat minute space long in the direction parallel to the substrate is formed by the action of the shear stress. Further, in this configuration, since a rotating drum is used, continuous transfer can be easily performed even on a long substrate in a belt shape. Therefore, an element having the liquid crystal polymer composite layer formed thereon can be efficiently manufactured by cutting to a predetermined size after the transfer, and a large element can be easily manufactured. In order to make the rotation distance of the drum surface larger than the movement distance of the drum on the surface of the substrate or the pixel electrode, for example, the rotation speed on the circumference of the drum may be faster than the transfer speed of the substrate. .

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the first to ninth aspects, a liquid crystal polymer mixture layer or a liquid crystal polymer composite layer is formed on a substrate. After that, an opening forming step of removing the liquid crystal polymer mixture or the liquid crystal polymer composite covering the terminals of the driving element disposed on the substrate by a photolithography method to form an opening, and a liquid crystal polymer composite layer An electrode forming step of electrically connecting a pixel electrode and a terminal of a driving element corresponding to the pixel electrode by a method of forming a conductive transparent film along the surface and the opening. I do.

With this structure, when a structure in which liquid crystal polymer composite layers are stacked in multiple layers is employed, a driving element for controlling an electrode for applying a voltage to the composite layer is provided on a single substrate. The provided and then stacked electrodes can be electrically connected to the corresponding drive elements on the substrate. Therefore, it is not necessary to dispose a glass substrate provided with a driving element in an intermediate portion of the display element, and the attenuation of incident light can be reduced, thereby improving the brightness of the liquid crystal display element.

Each of the above-described methods for producing the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be understood as an invention having the following structure.

That is, the invention according to claim 11, which is a product invention, is directed to a polymer resin including a plurality of flat microspaces whose length in a direction perpendicular to the substrate is smaller than the length in a direction parallel to the substrate. And a liquid crystal polymer composite layer comprising a liquid crystal phase filled in the flat microscopic space, wherein the liquid crystal polymer composite layer is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display element disposed on the substrate. The body layer is made of a polymer material, and includes a surface layer portion having no liquid crystal droplets, and a main body portion having a structure in which the liquid crystal droplets are filled in a flat minute space surrounded by the polymer material. And a body portion integrally formed with the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the eleventh aspect, the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device is formed by stacking three liquid crystal polymer composite layers on a substrate. The first liquid crystal polymer composite layer is formed on the inner surface of a substrate provided with electrodes and driving elements on the inner surface, and the second liquid crystal polymer composite layer is The third liquid crystal polymer composite layer is formed on the second pixel electrode formed on the surface of the one liquid crystal polymer composite layer,
It is formed on a third pixel electrode formed on a surface portion of the second liquid crystal polymer composite layer.

With this structure, it is not necessary to arrange a glass substrate in the middle of the cell, so that the display screen can be brightened.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the eleventh or twelfth aspect, the thickness of each of the surface layers is such that the liquid crystal polymer composite layer comprises a surface layer and a main body. Characterized by a ratio of not less than 0.05 and not more than 0.5 with respect to the thickness of.

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the polymer dispersed type liquid crystal display element according to the thirteenth aspect, the thickness of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer is 10 μm or less, and the thickness of the surface layer is 0.1 μm or less. It is characterized by being at least 5 μm.

According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the twelfth to fourteenth aspects, the liquid crystal droplets in the first to third liquid crystal polymer composite layers each have a different liquid crystal. It is characterized by containing a coloring pigment.

With this configuration, a full-color display can be realized by subtractive color mixture, and there is no need to dispose a color filter for colorization.

According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the twelfth to fifteenth aspects, an inner surface or an outer surface of the substrate or an outer surface of the third liquid crystal polymer composite layer. Characterized in that a reflection plate is provided in any of the above.

According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, in the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the twelfth to sixteenth aspects, the second pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode are provided on the inner surface of the substrate. It is characterized by being electrically connected to the terminals of the drive element via connection lines.

With this configuration, even in the case of a stacked liquid crystal display element, each liquid crystal layer can be driven independently in a structure in which a driving element is provided only on one substrate. Therefore,
The device can be made compact and the screen brightness can be improved.

[0046]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. [Embodiment 1] Embodiment 1 is an example in which the present invention is applied to a matrix-driven polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display device in which liquid crystal polymer composites containing different dichroic dyes are laminated in three layers. It is. Hereinafter, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment will be sequentially described with reference to FIGS.

FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic cross-sectional views for explaining a manufacturing flow. Each drawing shows a cross section of a main portion (a portion corresponding to a pixel) of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention for each manufacturing process. It is a thing. In FIG. 1, 1 is 1 m in thickness
m is a substrate made of a glass plate. Reference numeral 2 denotes a layer of a liquid crystal polymer mixture applied on a substrate, and 2a denotes a preferentially solidified surface layer portion, and 2b denotes a main body portion constituting the inside of the surface layer portion. Note that 2b in FIG. 1C is in an unsolidified state, and FIG.
2b of FIG. 1 (e) shows the state after solidification, and 2b of FIG.
Indicates the state in the solidification process.

Reference numeral 3 denotes a completed first liquid crystal polymer composite layer, and reference numeral 4 denotes a flat minute space surrounded by a solidified polymer material. Reference numeral 5 denotes a pixel electrode made of an ITO film, and reference numeral 6 denotes a driving element such as a TFT (thin film transistor) or TFD (thin film diode). Reference numeral 7 denotes an aggregation nucleus which is a microdroplet of a phase-separated liquid crystal material, and reference numeral 8 denotes a liquid crystal droplet formed by aggregation and growth of the aggregation nuclei 7.

FIG. 1A shows a pixel electrode 5 and a driving element 6.
1 shows the substrate 1 on which is formed. FIG. 1 (b)
A liquid crystal polymer mixture solution mainly composed of a liquid crystal material and a polymer material is applied to the substrate 1 to form a liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2. Here, the liquid crystal material composing the liquid crystal polymer mixture solution is mainly composed of a fluorine-based nematic liquid crystal, and one of dichroic dyes corresponding to any of cyan, magenta, and yellow colors with respect to the liquid crystal. Is 0.01 by weight
What contained it was used. In addition, as a polymer material,
An acrylic photosensitive resist was used.

Further, the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 is prepared by dissolving the polymer material (that is, the solid content of the resist) and the liquid crystal material in cyclohexanone at a weight ratio of 0.5: 0.5. A mixture solution was formed, and the solution was formed by applying the solution to the substrate 1 by a doctor blade method. More specifically, after a liquid crystal polymer mixture in the form of a solution is dropped and deposited on a substrate, a jig (doctor blade) having a certain gap is slid from the top to the bottom of the deposit, and the thickness slightly exceeds 5 μm. The liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 was formed.

The liquid crystal polymer mixture is in a state where the components are compatible with each other. The developing method is not limited to the above doctor blade method. For example, a method of dropping a liquid crystal polymer mixture on a substrate and rotating the substrate (spin coating method), or a method of applying a liquid crystal to a substrate from a coating head or a nozzle. Other methods such as a method of discharging a polymer mixture and applying a liquid crystal polymer mixture (a nozzle jet method) can also be used.

By the way, the “liquid crystal material” in this specification refers to
It means at least a liquid crystal. Therefore, a substance other than the liquid crystal may be contained, and in this embodiment, a dichroic dye is contained. Further, the “polymer material” in the present specification means a material containing at least a polymer resin or a precursor of a polymer resin that forms the polymer resin. Therefore, other than the polymer resin or its precursor may be included. As the polymer resin precursor, a polymerizable monomer or a polymerizable oligomer is usually used.

FIG. 1C shows a step of preferentially solidifying the surface layer portion of the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 applied on the substrate 1. The hatched portion in FIG. 1C is a surface layer portion 2a in which the polymer material contained in the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 is preferentially solidified,
At this stage, the inside (the main body 2b) of the surface layer 2a is not yet solidified.

The acrylic photosensitive resist as a polymer material solidifies even by evaporation of a solvent. Therefore, after the application of the mixture layer 2, the surface layer portion 2a can be solidified also by evaporating the solvent naturally or by heating. However, cyclohexanone used as a solvent for the liquid crystal polymer mixture has a small vapor pressure at room temperature (20 degrees Celsius) of 3.4 mmHg and a relatively low evaporation rate (by reference, the vapor pressure of water is 17.5 mmHg). ).
Therefore, in the method of waiting for the evaporation of the solvent, much time is required for solidifying the surface layer portion 2a. Further, it is difficult to solidify the surface layer portion 2a preferentially by the method of heating and evaporating. Therefore, it is preferable to use a solidification accelerator that can crosslink and solidify the polymer material by a chemical reaction,
By using the solidification accelerator, solidification of the surface layer can be smoothly promoted. As such a solidification accelerator, for example, a polymerization initiator (including a polymerization accelerator) that promotes radical polymerization can be used. In Embodiment 1, a mixture of benzoyl peroxide and dialkylaniline is used.

The solidification accelerator is applied by spraying a solidification accelerator composed of a solution of benzoyl peroxide and dialkylaniline on the surface of the substrate 1 coated with the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 containing a polymer resin and liquid crystal. And spraying. When the solidification accelerator is sprayed on the mixture layer 2, the solidification reaction of the photosensitive resist in the vicinity of the surface layer is accelerated.
Before the solidification of b starts, the surface layer portion 2a solidifies preferentially. Thereby, the solidification of the main body 2b can be favorably advanced.

As a method of supplying the solidification accelerator to the surface of the substrate 1, in addition to the above-described method of spraying the solidification accelerator on the substrate surface, for example, the above-described blade method, nozzle jet method, or a method of supplying the solidification accelerator. After dipping the entire substrate on which the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 is applied in the solution, a dipping method or the like in which the substrate is lifted can be used.

FIG. 1D shows a step of phase-separating the liquid crystal material from the polymer material of the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 located in the main body 2b inside the surface layer 2a. FIG.
(E) shows that the solidification of the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 applied on the substrate 1 is completed, and a liquid crystal polymer composite is formed.

In FIG. 1D and FIG. 1E, the aggregation nuclei 7 generated by the phase separation aggregate and gradually grow to form liquid crystal droplets 8, and at the same time, the flat minute spaces 4 are formed. However, these are generated and the like according to the following principle.

The solvent in the liquid crystal polymer mixture of the main body 2b diffuses into the preferentially solidified surface layer 2a, and the surface layer 2a
However, when the concentration of the mixture is concentrated to a certain stage by this evaporation, the compatible polymer material and the liquid crystal material are phase-separated and separated from the liquid crystal material. The resulting microdroplets (aggregation nuclei 7) precipitate. This microdrop,
The droplets are aggregated with other aggregated nuclei 7 in the vicinity and microdroplets newly precipitated with further evaporation of the solvent, and gradually grow larger (hereinafter, this process is referred to as nuclear growth).

This nucleus growth continues until the growth of the cohesive nuclei 7 is confined by the solidified polymer material. In the first embodiment, however, the surface layer 2a is formed using a solidification accelerator.
Has been solidified. For this reason, nucleus growth is performed in a space narrow in the vertical direction and wide in the direction parallel to the substrate, sandwiched between the substrate 1 and the surface layer portion 2a that has been preferentially solidified. Regulated. Therefore,
The nucleus growth is guided in a direction parallel to the substrate and grows into a liquid crystal droplet having a shape longer in a direction parallel to the direction perpendicular to the substrate 1.

If the solvent evaporates too quickly, the polymer material solidifies before nucleus growth proceeds, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the evaporation rate is too low, the manufacturing workability is deteriorated and the size of the liquid crystal droplet 8 becomes too large, which is not preferable. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the evaporation rate of the solvent in relation to the size of the liquid crystal droplets 8 and the number of liquid crystal droplets 8 to be formed. The thickness can be controlled by adjusting the thickness.

By the above steps shown in FIGS. 1A to 1E, the main body 2b having the flat minute space 4 filled with the liquid crystal droplet 8 and the surface layer 2a covering the surface of the main body 2b
Was formed on the substrate 1. The overall thickness of the first liquid crystal polymer composite layer 3 is 5 μm, of which the thickness of the surface layer 2a is 2 μm and the thickness of the main body 2b is 3 μm. With the body layer, it was possible to realize the alignment of the molecular long axes of the liquid crystal and the dichroic dye in a direction parallel to the substrate in the state where no voltage was applied.

Next, on the first liquid crystal polymer composite layer 3, second and third liquid crystal polymer composite layers 101, 1.
03 was laminated. Second and third liquid crystal polymer composite layers 10
The lamination steps 1 and 103 will be described with reference to FIG.
In the following, description of the same items as above is omitted.

FIG. 2A shows that the first liquid crystal polymer composite layer 3 covering the terminal portion of the driving element 6 formed on the substrate 1 is
This shows a state in which the opening 9 is formed by removal by a photolithography method. In the first embodiment, since the acrylic photosensitive resist is used as the polymer material, the opening 9 is formed by exposing a predetermined portion to ultraviolet rays using a photomask and then exposing the polymer material (resist). The liquid crystal polymer mixture on the terminal portion of the driving element 6 was removed by developing with the developer of the above (1). After the formation of the opening 9,
In order to polymerize the polymer material, the entire substrate was placed in an oven and baked at 150 ° C. for 1 hour.

FIG. 2B shows the second pixel electrode 10 and the connection line 11 (transparent electrode) formed on the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 3 and in the opening 9. The second pixel electrode 10 and the connection line 11 were formed by forming a film of ITO by sputtering, and then removing unnecessary portions by a photolithography method. By this step, the substrate 1
The terminal of the drive element 6 provided above and the second pixel electrode 10 of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 3 are connected via a connection line 11 formed in the opening 9. Therefore, the voltage between the pixel electrode 5 on the substrate 1 and the second pixel electrode 10 on the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 3 can be controlled by the driving element 6 (for example, TFT) on the substrate 1.

By repeating the above steps, FIG.
As shown in (c), the first to third liquid crystal polymer composite layers 3, 101, 103 and the first to third pixel electrodes 5, 10, 102 were formed on one substrate. Then, FIG.
As shown in (d), the opposing substrate 12 on which the fourth pixel electrode 13 is formed in advance is placed on the third liquid crystal polymer composite layer 103 with the fourth pixel electrode 13 inside, and A polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device in which the second and third liquid crystal polymer composite layers were sandwiched was completed.

The second and third liquid crystal polymer composite layers 1
01 and 103 are also similar to the first liquid crystal polymer composite layer 3.
It is composed of a surface layer portion and a main body portion, and the thickness of each is the same as that of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 3. However,
The liquid crystal polymer composite layers 3, 101, and 103 have different types of dichroic dyes (cyan, magenta, and yellow) as liquid crystal droplet components. This is to enable full-color display.

Either the first pixel electrode 5 formed in advance on the substrate 1 or the fourth pixel electrode 13 formed in advance on the counter substrate 12 is not formed of a transparent electrode made of ITO or the like, but is formed of a metal such as aluminum. A mirror-like electrode made of a coating may be used. In this case, the pixel electrode 5 or 1 may be used.
2 can be used as a reflection type color polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element using a reflection plate.

The fourth pixel electrode 13 may be formed on the third liquid crystal polymer composite layer 103 instead of on the opposing substrate. Further, even when the first or fourth pixel electrode is a transparent electrode, a reflective color polymer dispersed type is formed by forming a metal deposition film as a reflector on the outer surface of the substrate 1 or the counter substrate 12. It can also be a liquid crystal display element. With this configuration, the reflection plate can be retrofitted.

Further, the features of the first embodiment will be described in detail. First, in this embodiment,
The composition ratio (weight ratio) of the liquid crystal polymer mixture is defined as: liquid crystal material: polymer material = [0.4: 0.6] to [0.8: 0.
2]. If the ratio of the liquid crystal material is less than 0.4, a sufficient light absorption cannot be obtained when no voltage is applied, so that the contrast ratio decreases. On the other hand, if the ratio of the liquid crystal material exceeds 0.8, the amount of the polymer material becomes relatively small, so that it is difficult to form a flat minute space for confining liquid crystal droplets.

The surface layer 2a has a function of regulating the evaporation rate of the solvent in the main body 2b, a function of regulating the growth direction of the cohesion nuclei 7, and a function of increasing the mechanical strength of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer. It serves to protect the unit 2b. Therefore, in order to properly fulfill these roles, the surface layer 2
It is necessary to set the thickness of a properly. put it here,
When the thickness of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer is 1, the surface portion 2a
Is preferably 0.05 or more and 0.5 or less. If the thickness of the surface layer portion 2a is less than 0.05, the effect of mechanically protecting the main body portion 2b is hardly obtained. On the other hand, when the thickness of the surface layer portion 2a exceeds 0.5,
The volumetric efficiency of the optical element decreases.

Further, the thickness of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer is set to 10 μm.
m or less, and the thickness of the surface layer portion 2a is preferably 0.5 μm or more. This is because it is desirable to form an opening having a diameter of about 5 μm from the viewpoint of securing the area of the pixel portion and processing accuracy. However, the opening is formed near the terminal of the driving element 9 by photolithography, and the connection line 11 is formed. When providing, if the thickness of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer exceeds 10 μm, it is not possible to form an opening having a diameter of 5 μm with sufficient processing accuracy. Further, when the thickness of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer is 10 μm or less, it is preferable that the surface layer has a thickness of 0.5 μm or more in order to secure sufficient mechanical strength.

Further, the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention is intended to increase the light absorption when no voltage is applied and to reduce the hysteresis by making the minute space 4 filled with liquid crystal flat. In order to achieve this object, it is preferable that the flatness of the minute space 4 be smaller than 0.8. In addition, the oblateness indicates the ratio of the length (minor axis) in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 1 to the length (major axis) in the direction parallel to the substrate 1.

As shown in FIG. 3, when the minute space (25) is spherical, the liquid crystal droplet (22) held therein
Also becomes spherical. Then, it is considered that the direction of the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules (indicated by a broken line) in the minute space (25) is oriented around an axis connecting the two poles (21...) When no voltage is applied. As shown in FIG. 4, when the minute space (25) is not flattened, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal droplet is not fixed in a fixed direction and is oriented in all directions. Becomes smaller. Therefore, the ratio of the transmittance between the ON state and the OFF state of the voltage application becomes small, and the contrast ratio of the display on the liquid crystal display screen becomes small.

Further, in the state where no voltage is applied, the direction of the axis connecting the two poles (21) is hard to be determined, so that the behavior of the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules when the voltage is reduced from the state where the voltage is applied is determined by the voltage. This is different from when a voltage is applied from the state where no voltage is applied. That is, the hysteresis property is enhanced.

On the other hand, in the present invention, the liquid crystal droplet is held in the flat minute space 4 long in the direction parallel to the substrate.
With such a shape, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a direction parallel to the substrate under the action of the interface regulating force of the polymer resin. Therefore, the light absorption when no voltage is applied increases, the contrast ratio improves, and the hysteresis property decreases.
If it is less than 8, the axis connecting both poles (21...) Of the liquid crystal droplet becomes substantially parallel to the substrate. Therefore, the contrast ratio is greatly improved, and the hysteresis property is reduced.

As described above, the liquid crystal material may contain another material together with the liquid crystal. When the liquid crystal polymer composite layer has three layers, a dichroic dye is used as the other material. Often added. In this case, since the dichroic dye has good compatibility with the liquid crystal, the dichroic dye undergoes phase separation with the liquid crystal and grows nuclei with the liquid crystal. Therefore, by adopting the guest-host mode using dichroic dyes corresponding to cyan, magenta, and yellow, a suitable color display element that is bright and has a wide viewing angle can be configured.

As described above, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the method in which the surface layer of the liquid crystal polymer mixture is preferentially solidified inside using the solidification accelerator is used. The minute space in the liquid crystal polymer composite layer can be simply and smoothly made flat, and in this method, there is no need to mechanically press the liquid crystal polymer mixture applied on the substrate. Therefore, the manufacturing process can be simplified.

When the minute space filled with the liquid crystal droplets is flat, when no voltage is applied, the long axes of the molecules of the liquid crystal and the dichroic dye are oriented in the direction parallel to the substrate, and the liquid crystal polymer composite The light absorption of the body layer increases and the hysteresis property decreases. Therefore, the display performance of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device can be significantly improved.

[Second Embodiment] A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the figure, members having the same names as in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
FIG. 6 shows a spin coating step in which the shape of the minute space in the liquid crystal mixture is flattened by a rotating force using the spin coater 14. First, the substrate 1 was mounted on the turntable 15 of the spin coater 14. Next, the liquid crystal polymer mixture in the form of a solution used in the first embodiment was dropped, and the substrate 1 was rotated as shown by an arrow B to spread the mixture layer 2 on the substrate 1. Specifically, after the mixture is dropped, 300 rpm
The rotation was performed for 5 seconds at a rotation speed of m, and then the rotation was performed for 60 seconds at a rotation speed of 600 rpm.
As a result, a liquid crystal polymer composite having the flat minute space 4 filled with the liquid crystal droplets 8 was produced.

The reason that the liquid crystal polymer composite having the flat micro space 4 filled with the liquid crystal droplet 8 can be formed by the above method is as follows. When the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 is rotated by the turntable 15, the evaporation of the solvent is promoted, and the liquid crystal material and the polymer material which are compatible with each other are phase-separated to generate fine droplets, thereby causing nucleus growth. Here, as shown in FIG. 7A, a centrifugal force acts outward (in the direction of arrow A) from the center of rotation on the liquid crystal polymer mixture in the nucleus growth stage, so that the liquid crystal polymer mixture is parallel to the substrate 1. Shear stress is generated in the direction, and the shear stress causes nucleus growth to proceed in a direction parallel to the substrate, and the shape of the nucleus-grown liquid crystal droplet is elongated in a direction parallel to the substrate 1. Thereafter, the polymer material solidifies in a state surrounding the liquid crystal droplet, so that the flat minute space 4 is formed.

According to the above-described method of generating shear stress using a spin coater, the step of developing the liquid crystal polymer mixture on the substrate and the step of forming a flat micro space are performed continuously and simultaneously in parallel. Can be. Further, since no mechanical pressure is applied, there is no breakage of the liquid crystal layer and the electrodes.
Therefore, the conventional method (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-80302, 7-1814)
No. 54, etc.), the manufacturing process for flattening the minute space can be simplified, and the yield is improved.

[Third Embodiment] A third embodiment of the present invention in which a shear stress is applied using a rotating drum will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 shows a step of transferring and applying the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 in the form of a solution containing a polymer material and a liquid crystal material from the surface of the rotating drum 16 onto the substrate 1. Note that, like the above, members having the same names as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.

The third embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that methyl ethyl ketone is used in place of cyclohexanone as a solvent for a liquid crystal polymer mixture in a solution state, and a rotary drum is used in place of a spin coater. Different. The production method of the liquid crystal polymer composite was performed as follows.

The substrate 1 was placed on the conveyor 17, the rotating drum 16 was rotated, and the conveyor 17 was moved in the direction of the arrow to apply the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 on the substrate 1. At this time, the gap between the rotating drum 16 and the substrate 1 is
An appropriate shear stress acts on the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 by making the thickness of the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 approximately equal to or less than the thickness and further adjusting the rotation speed of the rotating drum 16 and the moving speed of the conveyor 17. I did it. More specifically, the test was performed under the following conditions.

That is, the thickness of the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 is set to 5 μm, the shear stress time acting on the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 is set to about 0.2 second, and the shear stress is applied to the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2. The rotation distance (circumferential distance) of the rotary drum was set to be 50 μm (3 mm / 1 minute) larger than the moving distance of the conveyor 17 so as to generate a shear distance (10 μm) of about twice the film thickness of (1). . As a result, a liquid crystal polymer composite layer having a minute space with an aspect ratio of 0.5 was formed.

By adjusting the difference between the speed of the rotating drum 16 on the circumference and the moving speed of the conveyor 17,
Although the strength of the shear stress with respect to the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2 can be adjusted, the transfer distance is constant, so that the time for applying the shear stress is extremely short as compared with the spin coater method (Embodiment 2). For this reason, cyclohexanone, which takes time to evaporate (the solvent used in Embodiments 1 and 2)
When solidification is used, solidification will be started after the action of shear stress has disappeared. Therefore, if the evaporation rate is too slow,
A sufficiently flat minute space cannot be formed. Therefore, in the third embodiment, methyl ethyl ketone having a higher vapor pressure than cyclohexanone was used.

Also in the third embodiment, no mechanical pressure is applied. Therefore, there is no breakage of the liquid crystal layer and the electrodes. Further, the step of applying the liquid crystal polymer mixture on the substrate and the step of flattening the minute space in the liquid crystal polymer composite layer can be performed continuously and simultaneously in parallel. Therefore, it is possible to easily form the flat minute space as compared with the above-described conventional technology. In the third embodiment, the drum for applying the liquid crystal polymer mixture on the substrate and the drum for applying stress to the liquid crystal polymer mixture are performed by the same drum, but at least two or more drums are used. After the liquid crystal polymer mixture is applied on the first drum, a shear stress for flattening the minute space may be applied on the subsequent drum.

[Other Matters] After the step of FIG. 1 was completed, a counter substrate provided with electrodes was arranged on the side opposite to the substrate 1 to further sandwich the liquid crystal polymer composite layer according to the present invention. It can also be a liquid crystal display element. Also, in this case,
By a combination of a polymer material and a liquid crystal material, a display element of a method of switching between a light transmitting state and a light scattering state can be provided. Furthermore, in the above configuration, a dichroic dye was blended into the liquid crystal droplet, but without blending the dichroic dye,
Instead, color display may be performed by combining a color filter and a liquid crystal polymer composite layer.

[0090]

As described above, according to the present invention, a liquid crystal polymer composite having a flat fine space filled with liquid crystal droplets can be manufactured by a simple method. When the present invention is applied to a color liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of liquid crystal polymer composite layers are laminated, it is necessary to increase the light absorption of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer when no voltage is applied. In addition, since an intermediate glass substrate can be eliminated, full-color display that is bright and has high saturation can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a manufacturing process for laminating a plurality of liquid crystal polymer composite layers according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a major axis direction of liquid crystal molecules of a liquid crystal droplet.

FIG. 4 is a view showing an alignment state of a liquid crystal droplet filled in a spherical minute space formed in a liquid crystal polymer composite layer in a molecular long axis direction.

FIG. 5 is a view showing an alignment state of a liquid crystal droplet filled in a flat minute space formed in a liquid crystal polymer composite layer in a molecular long axis direction.

FIG. 6 is a view for explaining a method of forming a flat minute space according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing generation of shear stress in the method of forming the flat minute space shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a view for explaining a method of forming a flat minute space according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Substrate 2 Liquid crystal polymer mixture layer 2a Surface layer part 2b Body part 3 First liquid crystal polymer composite layer 4 Flat micro space 5 First pixel electrode 6 Drive element 7 Aggregation nucleus 8 Liquid crystal droplet 9 Opening 10 Second pixel Electrode 11 Connection line 12 Counter substrate 13 Fourth pixel electrode 14 Spin coater 15 Rotating table 16 Rotating drum 17 Conveyor 21 Electrode of liquid crystal droplet 22 Liquid crystal molecule 25 Spherical micro space 101 Second liquid crystal polymer composite layer 102 Third pixel electrode 103 Third liquid crystal polymer composite layer

Claims (17)

[Claims] 1. A polymer resin phase including a plurality of flat minute spaces whose length in a direction perpendicular to the substrate is smaller than the length in a direction parallel to the substrate, and a liquid crystal filled in the flat minute spaces. A method for producing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element, wherein a liquid crystal polymer composite layer composed of a liquid crystal material and a polymer material is disposed on the substrate. A liquid crystal polymer mixture formed on a substrate by forming a liquid crystal polymer mixture on a substrate to form a layer of the liquid crystal polymer mixture; and A forming step, a phase separation between the polymer material and the liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal polymer mixture inside the surface layer portion, and the diameter of the phase-separated liquid crystal droplet in a direction perpendicular to the substrate is a diameter in a direction parallel to the substrate. After growing to a smaller shape than the A method of manufacturing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device, comprising: solidifying a polymer material in a state to form a main body having a plurality of flat minute spaces filled with liquid crystal droplets. 2. A mixture ratio of a liquid crystal material and a polymer material constituting the liquid crystal polymer mixture is set to [0.4: 0.6] to
2. The ratio is set to [0.8: 0.2].
A method for producing the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the above. 3. The thickness of the surface layer portion formed in the surface layer portion forming step is set to 0.05 to 0.5 times the thickness of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the ratio is set to 5. 4. The step of forming a surface layer comprises applying or spraying a solidification accelerator for accelerating solidification of a polymer material on the surface of the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer, and utilizing the action of the solidification accelerator to form a liquid crystal polymer. 4. The method for producing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the surface layer of the mixture is solidified preferentially inside. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein a photosensitive resin is used as the polymer material. 6. The polymer according to claim 4, wherein a photopolymerizable monomer and / or a photopolymerizable oligomer is used as the polymer material, and a photopolymerization initiator is used as the solidification accelerator. A method for manufacturing a dispersion type liquid crystal display element. 7. A liquid crystal polymer composite layer composed of a polymer resin phase including a plurality of flat minute spaces and a liquid crystal phase filled in the flat minute spaces is disposed on the substrate. In a method of manufacturing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element, a solution-like liquid crystal polymer mixture containing a polymer material and a liquid crystal material is spread on the substrate, and high shear is applied in a direction parallel to the substrate. By solidifying the polymer material by phase-separating the molecular material and the liquid crystal material, the flat minute space filled with liquid crystal droplets has a length in a direction perpendicular to the substrate and a length in a direction parallel to the substrate. A method for manufacturing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device, comprising forming a liquid crystal polymer composite layer having a plurality of flat microscopic spaces smaller than the above. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein a liquid crystal polymer mixture in the form of a solution is dropped on the substrate, and a shear stress generated by rotating the substrate is used as the shear stress. A method for producing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to claim 7. 9. A method of transferring a liquid crystal polymer mixture from a surface of a rotating drum onto a substrate as the developing method, wherein the shear force is applied to the surface of the drum and the substrate or a transparent electrode by using the liquid crystal polymer mixture. Using the shear stress generated by sliding and rotating the drum so that the rotation distance of the drum surface is larger than the movement distance of the drum on the surface of the substrate or the transparent electrode in this state. The method for producing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to claim 7, characterized in that: 10. After forming a liquid crystal polymer mixture layer or a liquid crystal polymer composite layer on a substrate, a liquid crystal polymer mixture or a liquid crystal polymer composite covering terminals of a driving element arranged on the substrate is formed. An opening forming step of forming an opening by removing the film by a photolithography method, and a method of forming a conductive transparent film along the surface of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer and the opening to correspond to the pixel electrode and the pixel electrode. The method of manufacturing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, further comprising: an electrode forming step of electrically connecting a terminal of the driving element to be performed. 11. A polymer resin phase including a plurality of flat micro spaces whose length in a direction perpendicular to the substrate is smaller than the length in a direction parallel to the substrate, and a liquid crystal filled in the flat micro spaces. A liquid crystal polymer composite layer composed of a phase and a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display element disposed on the substrate, wherein the liquid crystal polymer composite layer is made of a polymer material, And a main body having a structure in which liquid crystal droplets are filled in a flat minute space surrounded by a polymer material, and the surface layer and the main body are integrally formed. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device. 12. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element has a structure in which a liquid crystal polymer composite layer is laminated on a substrate in three layers, wherein the first liquid crystal polymer composite layer has an inner surface. Formed on the inner surface of the substrate having the electrodes and the plurality of driving elements, and the second liquid crystal polymer composite layer is formed on the surface layer of the first liquid crystal polymer composite layer. The third liquid crystal polymer composite layer formed on the pixel electrode, and the third liquid crystal polymer composite layer is formed on the third pixel electrode formed on the surface layer of the second liquid crystal polymer composite layer. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, characterized in that: 13. The thickness of each of the surface layer portions is 0.0 to the thickness of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer composed of the surface layer portion and the main body portion.
13. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein the ratio is 5 or more and 0.5 or less. 14. The liquid crystal polymer composite layer having a thickness of 1
14. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to claim 13, wherein the thickness is 0 μm or less, and the thickness of the surface layer is 0.5 μm or more. 15. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 12, wherein the liquid crystal droplets in the first to third liquid crystal polymer composite layers contain different dichroic dyes. Molecular dispersion type liquid crystal display device. 16. A reflector is provided on one of an inner surface and an outer surface of the substrate and an outer surface of the third liquid crystal polymer composite layer.
16. A polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to any one of items 15 to 15. 17. The method according to claim 17, wherein the second pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode are electrically connected to terminals of corresponding driving elements provided on an inner surface of the substrate via connection lines. 17. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to claim 12, wherein: