JPH10307290A - Display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a semitransmission type and bright reflection type liquid crystal element and to realize multicolor display by arranging 1st and 2nd specified polarizing splitting means on both sides of a transmissive polarization axis varying means and using a colored light source. SOLUTION: TN liquid crystal panels 22 to 26 are used as a transmissive polarization axis varying optical element, and a blue color polarizing plate 12 is provided above the panels 22 to 26, and then a light scattering body 30, a polarizing splitter 40 and a red EL backlight 60 are provided below the panels 22 to 26 in this order. As for the reflection type display at the time when external light is made incident; blue display is performed at a voltage non-impressing part (polarized light 13 and 14) and white display is performed at a voltage impressing part (polarized light 15 and 16). As for the transmission type display by the light from the backlight 60; black display is performed because red colored light from the backlight 60 is absorbed by the plate 12 at the voltage impressing part (polarized light 18), and red display is performed because it is transmitted through the plate 12 at the voltage non-impressing part (polarized light 17).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a transflective liquid crystal display device capable of multicolor display.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional transflective liquid crystal display device is TN.
(Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal and STN (S
upper-Twisted Nematic: A transmission polarization axis variable optical element having a variable polarization axis, such as a liquid crystal, is used, and this transmission polarization axis variable optical element is sandwiched between two polarizing plates. On the surface opposite to the side, a semi-transmissive reflector and a light source were sequentially arranged. It is used as a reflection type liquid crystal display element where there is external light, such as outdoors, and is used as a transmissive type by turning on a light source where there is little external light.

[0003]

However, in order to realize the transflective liquid crystal display device, the display at the time of reflection is darker than that of the conventional reflective liquid crystal display device. This is because the conventional transflective type reflection plate has a thin reflection layer made of Al or the like or has an opening, thereby sacrificing the brightness during reflective display. Further, it has been difficult to simultaneously perform multi-color display.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a transflective type display device in which a light source is provided on the back side of a reflective liquid crystal display element, and not only reflective display by external light but also display by transmitted light from the light source on the back side can be performed. It is another object of the present invention to provide a transflective liquid crystal display device capable of simultaneously displaying a multi-color display while providing a bright reflective liquid crystal device.

[0005]

A display element according to claim 1 is arranged on both sides of the transmission polarization axis variable means with the transmission polarization axis variable means interposing the transmission polarization axis variable means. A first and second polarized light separating means, and a light source disposed on the opposite side of the transmission polarization axis variable means with respect to the second polarized light separating means,
The first polarization splitting means converts a linearly polarized light component in a first predetermined direction of light incident from a first side of the first polarization splitting means into a second side facing the first side. The first
And transmitted as linearly polarized light in a predetermined direction, and a specific wavelength of linearly polarized light components in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction in light incident from the first side of the first polarization separation means. Only the component is transmitted to the second side, and the linearly polarized light component in the first predetermined direction out of the light incident from the second side of the first polarization separation means is transmitted to the first side. Transmitting as linearly polarized light in a first predetermined direction;
The polarization splitting means for transmitting only a specific wavelength component of the linearly polarized light component in the second direction out of the light incident from the second side to the first side; A polarization separating unit that transmits a linearly polarized light component in a third predetermined direction of the light incident from the transmission polarization axis changing unit side to the light source side, and a fourth predetermined direction orthogonal to the third predetermined direction; Is reflected toward the transmission polarization axis changing means, and linearly polarized light in the third predetermined direction can be emitted toward the transmission polarization axis changing means with respect to light incident from the light source side. Polarization separating means, wherein the light from the light source is colored.

According to the above arrangement, the light incident from the outside of the first polarization splitting means is reflected from the second polarization splitting means in accordance with the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. A first display state based on the reflected light and a second display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting unit with only a specific wavelength component. Becomes The first display state is a display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting means, so that a bright display is obtained. The first polarized light separating means transmits the linear polarized light component in the first direction and transmits only a specific wavelength component among the linear polarized light components in the second direction.
The first display state and the second display state are bright white display and color display. Further, for the colored light from the light source, the third display state by the colored light transmitted through the first polarization splitting means and the first display state are changed according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. Four display states, that is, a fourth display state in which light is not transmitted through the polarization separation means (or a state in which only a predetermined wavelength band is transmitted), are obtained, and a transmission type multicolor display can be obtained. In addition to the four display states, halftone display can be performed according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit. It is desirable that the color of the first polarized light separating means be different from the color of the colored light of the light source because the number of display colors can be increased.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display element, wherein a transmission polarization axis variable means for changing a transmission polarization axis, and first and second transmission polarization axis variable means arranged on both sides of the transmission polarization axis variable means. (2) an optical element disposed on the opposite side of the transmission polarization axis varying unit with respect to the second polarization separating unit, and an opposite side of the optical element with respect to the second polarization separating unit. A light source disposed in the first direction, wherein the first polarized light separating means is a linearly polarized light in a first predetermined direction among light incident from a first side of the first polarized light separating means. The component is transmitted as a linearly polarized light in the first predetermined direction to a second side opposite to the first side, and the second polarized light out of the light incident from the first side of the first polarization splitting means. A specific wavelength component among linear polarization components in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. Of the light incident from the second side of the first polarization splitting means, and the linearly polarized light component in the first predetermined direction is transmitted to the first side. 1 is transmitted as linearly polarized light in a predetermined direction,
Polarization splitting means for transmitting only a specific wavelength component of the linearly polarized light component in the second direction of the light incident from the second side of the first polarization splitting means to the first side; A second polarization separation unit that transmits a linearly polarized light component in a third predetermined direction of the light incident from the transmission polarization axis changing unit side to the optical element side and is orthogonal to the third predetermined direction; A linearly polarized light component in a fourth predetermined direction is reflected toward the transmission polarization axis changing unit, and a linear light in the third predetermined direction is reflected on the transmission polarization axis changing unit with respect to light incident from the optical element side. Polarization separating means capable of emitting polarized light, wherein light from the light source is colored.

According to the above arrangement, the light incident from the outside of the first polarization splitting means is reflected from the second polarization splitting means in accordance with the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. A first display state based on the reflected light and a second display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting unit with only a specific wavelength component. Becomes The first display state is a display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting means, so that a bright display is obtained. In addition, for the colored light from the light source, a third display state by the light transmitted through the first polarization splitting unit and the first polarized light according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit. Four display states, that is, a fourth display state in which light does not pass through the separation unit (or a state in which only a predetermined wavelength band is transmitted), are obtained, and a transmission type multicolor display can be obtained. In addition to the four display states, halftone display can be performed according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit. It is desirable that the color of the first polarized light separating means be different from the color of the colored light of the light source because the number of display colors can be increased.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the display device, the optical element is a light scatterer.

According to the above configuration, the light incident from the outside of the first polarization splitting means is reflected from the second polarization splitting means in accordance with the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. A first display state based on the reflected light and a second display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting unit with only a specific wavelength component. Becomes The first display state is a display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting means, so that a bright display is obtained. In the second display state, the light transmitted through the second polarized light separating means can be depolarized by the light scatterer, and the reflection from the second polarized light separating means to the transmitted polarization axis changing means can be suppressed. In addition, since it is possible to suppress color mixture with light in a specific wavelength range reflected by the second polarization separation unit, a display with high color purity can be performed.
In addition, for the colored light from the light source, a third display state by the light transmitted through the first polarization splitting unit and the first polarized light according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit. Four display states, that is, a fourth display state in which light does not pass through the separation unit (or a state in which only a predetermined wavelength band is transmitted), are obtained, and a transmission type multicolor display can be obtained. In addition to the four display states, halftone display can be performed according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit.
It is desirable that the color of the first polarized light separating means be different from the color of the colored light of the light source because the number of display colors can be increased.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the display element, the optical element is a light absorbing scatterer in a gray semi-transmissive state.

According to the above configuration, the light incident from outside the first polarization splitting means is reflected from the second polarization splitting means in accordance with the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. A first display state based on the reflected light and a second display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting unit with only a specific wavelength component. Becomes The first display state is a display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting means, so that a bright display is obtained. In the second display state, the light transmitted through the second polarization splitting means is depolarized by the light absorbing scatterer in the gray semi-transmission state, and the light is transmitted from the second polarization splitting means to the transmission polarization axis variable means side. The reflection can be suppressed, and the optical element is also an absorber, so that the reflection can be suppressed by light absorption. Thus, it is possible to suppress color mixture with light in a specific wavelength region reflected by the second polarization separation unit, and thus display with high color purity is possible. In addition, for the colored light from the light source, the first light is changed according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit.
And a fourth display state in which light does not pass through the first polarization separating means (or a state in which light passes through only a predetermined wavelength range).
One display state is obtained, and a transmission type multi-color display can be obtained. In addition to the four display states, halftone display can be performed according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit. It is desirable that the color of the first polarized light separating means be different from the color of the colored light of the light source because the number of display colors can be increased.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the display element, the light absorbing scatterer is capable of emitting 1% of light in a substantially entire wavelength range of a visible light region.
It is characterized by having a transmittance of 0% or more and 80% or less.

According to the above configuration, the light incident from outside the first polarization splitting means is reflected from the second polarization splitting means in accordance with the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. A first display state based on the reflected light and a second display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting unit with only a specific wavelength component. Becomes The first display state is a display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting means, so that a bright display is obtained. In the second display state, the light transmitted through the second polarization splitting means is depolarized by the light absorbing scatterer in the gray semi-transmission state, and the light is transmitted from the second polarization splitting means to the transmission polarization axis variable means side. The reflection can be suppressed, and the optical element is also an absorber, so that the reflection can be suppressed by light absorption. Thus, it is possible to suppress color mixture with light in a specific wavelength region reflected by the second polarization separation unit, and thus display with high color purity is possible. In addition, for the colored light from the light source, the first light is changed according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit.
And a fourth display state in which light does not pass through the first polarization separating means (or a state in which light passes through only a predetermined wavelength range).
One display state is obtained, and a transmission type multi-color display can be obtained. In addition to the four display states, halftone display can be performed according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit. It is desirable that the color of the first polarized light separating means be different from the color of the colored light of the light source because the number of display colors can be increased. Further, the transmittance of the gray light absorbing and scattering body is particularly preferably in a range of 50% to 70%.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the display element, the optical element absorbs light from the second polarization separation means and transmits light from the light source to the second polarization separation means. It is a characteristic optical element.

According to the above configuration, the light incident from outside the first polarization splitting means is reflected from the second polarization splitting means in accordance with the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. A first display state based on the reflected light and a second display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting unit with only a specific wavelength component. Becomes The first display state is a display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting means, so that a bright display is obtained. In the second display state, it is possible to suppress the reflection of the light transmitted through the second polarized light separating means toward the transmitted polarization axis changing means by the light absorber.
Thus, it is possible to suppress color mixture with light in a specific wavelength region reflected by the second polarization separation unit, and thus display with high color purity is possible. In addition, third display is performed by light transmitted through the optical element and transmitted through the first polarization separation unit according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit with respect to the colored light from the light source. There are obtained two display states: a state in which light is not transmitted through the first polarization splitting means (or a state in which only a predetermined wavelength band is transmitted), and a transmission type multi-color display is obtained. be able to. In addition to the four display states, halftone display can be performed according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit. It is desirable that the color of the first polarized light separating means be different from the color of the colored light of the light source because the number of display colors can be increased.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the display device, the optical element is a light absorber that absorbs light in a substantially entire wavelength range of a visible light region, and has an opening.

According to the above configuration, the light incident from outside the first polarization splitting means is reflected from the second polarization splitting means in accordance with the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. A first display state based on the reflected light and a second display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting unit with only a specific wavelength component. Becomes The first display state is a display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting means, so that a bright display is obtained. In the second display state, it is possible to suppress reflection toward the transmission polarization axis changing unit by a light absorber that absorbs light transmitted through the second polarization separation unit in substantially the entire wavelength range of the visible light region. by this,
Color mixture with light in a specific wavelength range reflected by the second polarization separation means can be suppressed, so that a display with high color purity can be performed. In addition, for the colored light from the light source, the light is transmitted through the opening of the optical element, and is transmitted by the first polarization splitting means according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. 3 and a fourth display state in which light does not pass through the first polarization splitting means (or a state in which only a predetermined wavelength band is transmitted), and a transmission type multi-color is obtained. Can be displayed. The area ratio of the opening to the optical element is preferably 5 to 30%. Further, by setting the distance between the optical element and the light source to be equal to or larger than the diameter of the opening, it is possible to reduce the amount of light transmitted through the optical element during reflection display and reflected again by the light source, and returned. Color mixing can be suppressed. In addition to the four display states, halftone display can be performed according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit. The first
It is desirable that the color of the polarized light separating means be different from the tint of the colored light of the light source because the number of display colors can be increased.

The display element according to the present invention is characterized in that the optical element is a polarizing plate whose transmission axis is shifted from the second polarization separation means.

According to the above configuration, the light incident from outside the first polarization splitting means is reflected from the second polarization splitting means in accordance with the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. A first display state based on the reflected light and a second display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting unit with only a specific wavelength component. Becomes The first display state is a display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting means, so that a bright display is obtained. In the second display state, it is possible to suppress the reflection of the light transmitted through the second polarized light separating means toward the transmitted polarized light axis changing means by a polarizing plate whose transmission axis is shifted from the second polarized light separating means. Thus, it is possible to suppress color mixture with light in a specific wavelength region reflected by the second polarization separation unit, and thus display with high color purity is possible. In addition, for the colored light from the light source, it passes through the polarizing plate whose transmission axis is shifted from the second polarization separation unit, and according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit,
A third display state by light transmitted through the first polarization separation means and a fourth display state in which light does not transmit through the first polarization separation means (or a state in which only a predetermined wavelength band is transmitted); Two display states are obtained, and a transmission type multi-color display can be obtained. In addition to the four display states, halftone display can be performed according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit. It is desirable that the color of the first polarized light separating means be different from the color of the colored light of the light source because the number of display colors can be increased.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the display element, the color of the light source is two or more partially different colors.

According to the above configuration, at the time of transmissive display, two or more colors corresponding to the colored portions of the light source can be displayed.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the display element, the light guide plate of the light source is divided into at least two or more light guide plates, each of which is LE
D-elements are arranged.

According to the above configuration, it is possible to display two or more colors on the display section corresponding to the light guide plate into which the light source is divided during the transmissive display. In addition, since the LED element has low power consumption and is easily colored, it is a desirable device for portable equipment.

[0025] The display element according to the eleventh aspect is characterized in that the light source is a plurality of LED elements and includes LED elements that emit different colors.

According to the above configuration, it is possible to display two or more colors on the display unit corresponding to the LED elements of the light source that emit different colors during the transmissive display. In addition, since the LED element has low power consumption and is easily colored, it is a desirable device for portable equipment.

A twelfth aspect of the invention is directed to the display element, wherein the light source is an EL (electroluminescence) element and has at least two color developing regions.

According to the above configuration, it is possible to display two or more colors on the display unit corresponding to the EL elements of the light source that emit different colors during the transmissive display. In addition, an EL element has low power consumption and is easily colored, so that it is a desirable device for portable equipment.

A display element according to a thirteenth aspect is characterized in that the light source is a plurality of EL (electroluminescence) elements, and includes EL elements emitting different colors.

According to the above configuration, it is possible to display two or more colors on the display unit corresponding to the EL elements of the light source that emit different colors during the transmissive display. In addition, an EL element has low power consumption and is easily colored, so that it is a desirable device for portable equipment.

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the light source includes at least one LED element and an EL (electroluminescence) element.

According to the above configuration, at the time of transmissive display, two or more colors can be displayed on the display unit corresponding to the LED element and the EL element of the light source. Further, an LED element and an EL element are low power consumption and easily colored, and thus are desirable devices for portable equipment.

According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display element, wherein a transmission polarization axis variable means for changing a transmission polarization axis, and first and second transmission polarization axis variable means arranged on both sides of the transmission polarization axis variable means. (2) an optical element disposed on the opposite side of the transmission polarization axis varying unit with respect to the second polarization separating unit, and an opposite side of the optical element with respect to the second polarization separating unit. A light source disposed in the first direction, wherein the first polarized light separating means is a linearly polarized light in a first predetermined direction among light incident from a first side of the first polarized light separating means. The component is transmitted as a linearly polarized light in the first predetermined direction to a second side opposite to the first side, and the second polarized light out of the light incident from the first side of the first polarization splitting means. A specific wavelength of linearly polarized light components in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction; Minute only is transmitted to the second side,
The linearly polarized light component in the first predetermined direction in the light incident from the second side of the first polarization splitting means is converted into the first polarized light component.
Is transmitted as linearly polarized light in the first predetermined direction on the side of the light beam, and a specific wavelength component of the linearly polarized light component in the second direction out of the light incident from the second side of the first polarization separation means. Polarization separating means for transmitting only the first polarized light to the first side, and the second polarized light separating means converts a linearly polarized light component in a third predetermined direction out of the light incident from the transmitted polarization axis variable means side into the light. The light is transmitted to the optical element side, reflects a linearly polarized light component in a fourth predetermined direction orthogonal to the third predetermined direction to the transmission polarization axis changing unit, and receives light incident from the optical element side. The third side is provided on the transmission polarization axis changing unit side.
Wherein the optical element is a colored layer.

According to the above arrangement, the light incident from the outside of the first polarization splitting means is reflected from the second polarization splitting means in accordance with the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. A first display state based on the reflected light and a second display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting unit with only a specific wavelength component. Becomes The first display state is a display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting means, so that a bright display is obtained. In the second display state, it is possible to suppress the light transmitted through the second polarized light separating means from being reflected by the colored layer toward the transmitted polarization axis changing means. Thus, it is possible to suppress color mixture with light in a specific wavelength region reflected by the second polarization separation unit, and thus display with high color purity is possible. In addition, the light from the light source is transmitted through the colored layer, and according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit, the third display state by the light transmitted through the first polarization separation unit. Two display states, a fourth display state in which light is not transmitted through the first polarization separating means (or a state in which only a predetermined wavelength band is transmitted), are obtained, and a transmission type multicolor display is obtained. it can. In addition to the four display states, halftone display can be performed according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit. It is desirable that the color of the first polarized light separating means be different from the color of the colored light of the light source because the number of display colors can be increased.

A display element according to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention is a display element, wherein the transmission polarization axis is variable, and the first and second transmission polarization axis variable means are disposed on both sides of the transmission polarization axis variable means with the transmission polarization axis variable means interposed therebetween. (2) an optical element disposed on the opposite side of the transmission polarization axis varying unit with respect to the second polarization separating unit, and an opposite side of the optical element with respect to the second polarization separating unit. A light source disposed in the first direction, wherein the first polarized light separating means is a linearly polarized light in a first predetermined direction among light incident from a first side of the first polarized light separating means. The component is transmitted as a linearly polarized light in the first predetermined direction to a second side opposite to the first side, and the second polarized light out of the light incident from the first side of the first polarization splitting means. A specific wavelength of linearly polarized light components in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction; Minute only is transmitted to the second side,
The linearly polarized light component in the first predetermined direction in the light incident from the second side of the first polarization splitting means is converted into the first polarized light component.
Is transmitted as linearly polarized light in the first predetermined direction on the side of the light beam, and a specific wavelength component of the linearly polarized light component in the second direction out of the light incident from the second side of the first polarization separation means. Polarization separating means for transmitting only the first polarized light to the first side, and the second polarized light separating means converts a linearly polarized light component in a third predetermined direction out of the light incident from the transmitted polarization axis variable means side into the light. The light is transmitted to the optical element side, reflects a linearly polarized light component in a fourth predetermined direction orthogonal to the third predetermined direction to the transmission polarization axis changing unit, and receives light incident from the optical element side. The third side is provided on the transmission polarization axis changing unit side.
Wherein the optical element has a structure in which a light absorbing scatterer and a colored layer in a gray semi-transmissive state are sequentially formed.

According to the above configuration, the light incident from outside the first polarization splitting means is reflected from the second polarization splitting means in accordance with the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. A first display state based on the reflected light and a second display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting unit with only a specific wavelength component. Becomes The first display state is a display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting means, so that a bright display is obtained. In the second display state, the light transmitted through the second polarization separation means is depolarized and light-absorbed by the gray light scattering / absorbing body and the colored layer, so that reflection on the transmission polarization axis varying means side can be suppressed. Thus, it is possible to suppress color mixture with light in a specific wavelength region reflected by the second polarization separation unit, and thus display with high color purity is possible. In addition, the light from the light source is transmitted through the colored layer, and according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit, the third display state by the light transmitted through the first polarization separation unit. Two display states, a fourth display state in which light is not transmitted through the first polarization separating means (or a state in which only a predetermined wavelength band is transmitted), are obtained, and a transmission type multicolor display is obtained. it can. In addition to the four display states, depending on the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit,
Halftone display becomes possible. It is desirable that the color of the first polarized light separating means be different from the color of the colored light of the light source because the number of display colors can be increased.

A display element according to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention is a display device, wherein the transmission polarization axis is variable, and the first and second transmission polarization axis variable means are disposed on both sides of the transmission polarization axis variable means. (2) an optical element disposed on the opposite side of the transmission polarization axis varying unit with respect to the second polarization separating unit, and an opposite side of the optical element with respect to the second polarization separating unit. A light source disposed in the first direction, wherein the first polarized light separating means is a linearly polarized light in a first predetermined direction among light incident from a first side of the first polarized light separating means. The component is transmitted as a linearly polarized light in the first predetermined direction to a second side opposite to the first side, and the second polarized light out of the light incident from the first side of the first polarization splitting means. A specific wavelength of linearly polarized light components in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction; Minute only is transmitted to the second side,
The linearly polarized light component in the first predetermined direction in the light incident from the second side of the first polarization splitting means is converted into the first polarized light component.
Is transmitted as linearly polarized light in the first predetermined direction on the side of the light beam, and a specific wavelength component of the linearly polarized light component in the second direction out of the light incident from the second side of the first polarization separation means. Polarization separating means for transmitting only the first polarized light to the first side, and the second polarized light separating means converts a linearly polarized light component in a third predetermined direction out of the light incident from the transmitted polarization axis variable means side into the light. The light is transmitted to the optical element side, reflects a linearly polarized light component in a fourth predetermined direction orthogonal to the third predetermined direction to the transmission polarization axis changing unit, and receives light incident from the optical element side. The third side is provided on the transmission polarization axis changing unit side.
Wherein the optical element has a structure in which a light absorber having an opening and a colored layer are sequentially formed.

According to the above arrangement, the light incident from outside the first polarization splitting means is reflected from the second polarization splitting means in accordance with the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. A first display state based on the reflected light and a second display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting unit with only a specific wavelength component. Becomes The first display state is a display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting means, so that a bright display is obtained. In the second display state, light transmitted through the second polarized light separating means can be absorbed by the light absorber having the opening and the colored layer, thereby suppressing reflection on the transmitted polarization axis changing means side. Thus, it is possible to suppress color mixture with light in a specific wavelength region reflected by the second polarization separation unit, and thus display with high color purity is possible. In addition, for light from the light source, it passes through the colored layer,
According to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit, a third display state by light transmitted through the first polarization separation unit and a state in which light does not transmit through the first polarization separation unit (or a predetermined state). (A state in which only the wavelength band is transmitted) and a fourth display state are obtained, and a transmission type multi-color display can be obtained. In addition to the four display states, halftone display can be performed according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit. It is desirable that the color of the first polarized light separating means be different from the color of the colored light of the light source because the number of display colors can be increased.

A display element according to claim 18, wherein the transmission polarization axis variable means for changing the transmission polarization axis, and the first and second transmission polarization axis variable means disposed on both sides of the transmission polarization axis variable means with the transmission polarization axis variable means interposed therebetween. (2) an optical element disposed on the opposite side of the transmission polarization axis varying unit with respect to the second polarization separating unit, and an opposite side of the optical element with respect to the second polarization separating unit. A light source disposed in the first direction, wherein the first polarized light separating means is a linearly polarized light in a first predetermined direction among light incident from a first side of the first polarized light separating means. The component is transmitted as a linearly polarized light in the first predetermined direction to a second side opposite to the first side, and the second polarized light out of the light incident from the first side of the first polarization splitting means. A specific wavelength of linearly polarized light components in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction; Minute only is transmitted to the second side,
The linearly polarized light component in the first predetermined direction in the light incident from the second side of the first polarization splitting means is converted into the first polarized light component.
Is transmitted as linearly polarized light in the first predetermined direction on the side of the light beam, and a specific wavelength component of the linearly polarized light component in the second direction out of the light incident from the second side of the first polarization separation means. Polarization separating means for transmitting only the first polarized light to the first side, and the second polarized light separating means converts a linearly polarized light component in a third predetermined direction out of the light incident from the transmitted polarization axis variable means side into the light. The light is transmitted to the optical element side, reflects a linearly polarized light component in a fourth predetermined direction orthogonal to the third predetermined direction to the transmission polarization axis changing unit, and receives light incident from the optical element side. The third side is provided on the transmission polarization axis changing unit side.
Wherein the optical element has a structure in which a polarizing plate having a transmission axis shifted from the second polarization separating means and a colored layer are sequentially formed. It is characterized by.

According to the above configuration, the light incident from outside the first polarization splitting means is reflected from the second polarization splitting means in accordance with the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. A first display state based on the reflected light and a second display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting unit with only a specific wavelength component. Becomes The first display state is a display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting means, so that a bright display is obtained. In the second display state, the light transmitted through the second polarized light separating means is absorbed by the polarizing plate and the colored layer, and the reflection toward the transmitted polarization axis changing means can be suppressed. Thus, it is possible to suppress color mixture with light in a specific wavelength region reflected by the second polarization separation unit, and thus display with high color purity is possible. In addition, the light from the light source is transmitted through the colored layer, and according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit, the third display state by the light transmitted through the first polarization separation unit. Two display states, a fourth display state in which light is not transmitted through the first polarization separating means (or a state in which only a predetermined wavelength band is transmitted), are obtained, and a transmission type multicolor display is obtained. it can. In addition to the four display states, halftone display can be performed according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit.
It is desirable that the color of the first polarized light separating means be different from the color of the colored light of the light source because the number of display colors can be increased.

A display element according to a nineteenth aspect is characterized in that a transmission polarization axis variable means for changing a transmission polarization axis, and first and second transmission polarization axis variable means disposed on both sides of the transmission polarization axis variable means with the transmission polarization axis variable means interposed therebetween. (2) an optical element disposed on the opposite side of the transmission polarization axis varying unit with respect to the second polarization separating unit, and an opposite side of the optical element with respect to the second polarization separating unit. A light source disposed in the first direction, wherein the first polarized light separating means is a linearly polarized light in a first predetermined direction among light incident from a first side of the first polarized light separating means. The component is transmitted as a linearly polarized light in the first predetermined direction to a second side opposite to the first side, and the second polarized light out of the light incident from the first side of the first polarization splitting means. A specific wavelength of linearly polarized light components in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction; Minute only is transmitted to the second side,
The linearly polarized light component in the first predetermined direction in the light incident from the second side of the first polarization splitting means is converted into the first polarized light component.
Is transmitted as linearly polarized light in the first predetermined direction on the side of the light beam, and a specific wavelength component of the linearly polarized light component in the second direction out of the light incident from the second side of the first polarization separation means. Polarization separating means for transmitting only the first polarized light to the first side, and the second polarized light separating means converts a linearly polarized light component in a third predetermined direction out of the light incident from the transmitted polarization axis variable means side into the light. The light is transmitted to the optical element side, reflects a linearly polarized light component in a fourth predetermined direction orthogonal to the third predetermined direction to the transmission polarization axis changing unit, and receives light incident from the optical element side. The third side is provided on the transmission polarization axis changing unit side.
Wherein the optical element has a specular reflector having a colored layer and an opening formed sequentially from the second polarized light separating means side. I do.

According to the above arrangement, the light incident from outside the first polarization splitting means is reflected from the second polarization splitting means in accordance with the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. And a second display state in which the light transmitted through the second polarization splitting means reaches the optical element side, and a second display state is obtained. It becomes a multi-color display element. The first display state is a display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting means, so that a bright display is obtained. In the second display state, since the optical element is a colored layer and includes a specular reflector, the light colored by the colored layer can be reflected toward the transmission polarization axis changing unit. Further, the light from the light source is transmitted through the opening and the colored layer, and the third light is transmitted by the first polarization splitting means according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. There are obtained two display states, a display state and a fourth display state in which light does not pass through the first polarization separating means (or a state in which only a predetermined wavelength band is transmitted). can do. In addition to the four display states, halftone display can be performed according to the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing unit.
It is desirable that the color of the first polarized light separating means be different from the color of the colored light of the light source because the number of display colors can be increased.

A display element according to a twentieth aspect is characterized in that the coloring layer is partially colored with two or more different colors.

According to the above configuration, it is possible to display two or more colors corresponding to the colored portions of the colored layer during the transmissive display.

A display element according to a twenty-first aspect is characterized in that the light source is further colored.

According to the above configuration, it is possible to display two or more colors corresponding to the colored portion of the colored layer and the colored light source during the transmissive display. For example, a red light source with high color purity can be created by combining a light source that emits pink light with a red filter layer.

According to a twenty-second aspect of the present invention, in the display element, the first polarized light separating means is a color polarizing plate.

According to the above configuration, a multi-color display can be obtained at low cost. Liquid Crystal Device Handbook (JSPS 142nd Committee, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun) 271
As described in FIG. 4.60, the color polarizer transmits polarized light in a predetermined direction through the entire visible light wavelength region,
For polarized light in a direction perpendicular to this, it shows a characteristic of transmitting only a specific wavelength range without being absorbed. For example, in the liquid crystal device handbook, page 271, the left characteristic diagram in FIG. 4.60 has no absorption for light of red wavelength, and the central characteristic diagram has absorption for light of green wavelength. The characteristic diagram on the right shows a color polarizer having no absorption for light of a blue wavelength. Each of them is generally called a red, green and blue color polarizer. Also in this specification, they are similarly referred to as a red color polarizing plate, a green color polarizing plate, and a blue color polarizing plate.

According to a twenty-third aspect of the present invention, in the display element, the color polarizer is at least two different colors.

According to the above configuration, a multi-color display corresponding to each color polarizing plate can be performed. Further, a color polarizing plate and a neutral polarizing plate may be combined.

According to a twenty-fourth aspect of the present invention, the variable transmission polarization axis means is a liquid crystal element.

According to the above configuration, a low-cost and high-contrast switching element can be obtained. As the transmission polarization axis changing means, a liquid crystal element is preferably used, and particularly preferably, TN (Twisted Nem) is used.
atic) liquid crystal element, STN (Super-Twist)
ed Nematic) liquid crystal element or ECB (Ele)
critically Controlled Wire
A liquid crystal element is used. The STN liquid crystal element includes F-STN (Filmcomp).
enhanced Super-Twisted Nem
atic) S using an optically anisotropic body for color compensation such as a liquid crystal element
It also includes a TN liquid crystal element.

According to a twenty-fifth aspect of the present invention, the display element further comprises means for condensing the light from the light source toward the front of the optical element.

According to the above configuration, it is possible to make the display by the transmitted light from the light source bright and easy to see.

A display device according to a twenty-sixth aspect is characterized in that the surface color of the light source is darkened.

According to the above configuration, the reflection on the surface of the light source can be suppressed, and as a result, the amount of light transmitted through the optical element, which is reflected by the light source and returns again, can be reduced, and the contrast is lowered. Can be suppressed.

According to a twenty-seventh aspect, the display element further comprises a light diffusing means between the transmission polarization axis changing means and the second polarization splitting means.

According to the above arrangement, the first display state of the external light reflected by the second polarization separating means can be set to a white display by scattering, and a wide viewing angle can be obtained.

[0059]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.

(First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

This liquid crystal display element can perform a reflective multicolor display utilizing the reflection of external light in a place where external light exists, and can transmit light from a light source even in a place where there is no external light. This is a reflection type liquid crystal display element having a so-called semi-transmission type function capable of performing multi-color display of a type.

In this liquid crystal display device, a TN liquid crystal panel is used as a transmission polarization axis variable optical element. T
In the N liquid crystal panel, a TN liquid crystal 26 is sandwiched between two glass plates 22 and 24. A blue color polarizing plate 12 is provided above the TN liquid crystal panel. TN
On the lower side of the element panel, a light scatterer 30 and a polarization separator 40
A red EL (electroluminescence) backlight 60 is provided in this order.

The polarization separator 40 has a (1/4) λ plate 42 and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44. A cholesteric liquid crystal has a property of reflecting light having the same wavelength as the pitch of the liquid crystal, circularly polarized light in the same rotation direction as the liquid crystal, and transmitting other light. Therefore, for example, when cholesteric liquid crystal having a pitch of 5000 angstroms and rotating counterclockwise is used for the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44, an element that reflects left circularly polarized light having a wavelength of 5000 angstroms and transmits right circularly polarized light and left circularly polarized light having other wavelengths. Is obtained.
Furthermore, by using left-handed cholesteric liquid crystal and changing the pitch in the cholesteric liquid crystal over the entire visible light wavelength range, it reflects left circularly polarized light and transmits right circularly polarized light not only for a single color but also for all white light. An element is obtained. In the present embodiment, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44 is a cholesteric liquid crystal that is rotated leftward, and the pitch of which is changed in the cholesteric liquid crystal over the entire wavelength range of visible light.

In such a polarization separator 40 in which the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44 and the (1/4) λ plate 42 are combined, the linearly polarized light in a predetermined first direction from the (1/4) λ plate 42 side. Is incident to the left circularly polarized light by the (1/4) .lambda. Plate 42, is reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44, and is again emitted by the (1/4) .lambda. Plate 42 as linearly polarized light in a predetermined first direction. When linearly polarized light in the second direction orthogonal to the first direction is incident, (４) λ
The light becomes right-handed circularly polarized light by the plate 42 and passes through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44. In addition, for light incident from below the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44, linearly polarized light in the second direction is emitted above the (1/4) λ plate 42.

As described above, the polarization separator 40 combining the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44 and the (１ ／) λ plate 42
Transmits a linearly polarized light component in a predetermined second direction of light incident from the (1/4) λ plate 42 side, and reflects a linearly polarized light component in a first direction orthogonal to the predetermined second direction. Then, for light incident from the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44 side, (1/1)
4) A polarization splitting unit that can emit linearly polarized light in the second direction to the λ plate 42 side. Note that the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44 and the (1/1 /
4) In addition to the polarization separator 40 combined with the λ plate 42,
Utilizing a multilayer film (USP4,
974, 219), using Brewster's angle to separate reflected polarized light and transmitted polarized light (SID 92D).
IGEST pages 427 to 429), those using holograms, and those published in international applications (international application numbers: WO95 / 27819 and WO95 / 1969)
There is one disclosed in 2).

Next, the display by the liquid crystal display element will be described, with the right half of the liquid crystal display element as the voltage application section and the left half as the non-voltage application section.

First, a description will be given of a reflective multi-color display when external light is incident on the liquid crystal display element. In the left non-voltage application section, when external light enters the liquid crystal display element, the external light is converted by the bluish color polarizing plate 12 into linearly polarized light 14 in a direction parallel to the paper surface (only in the short wavelength region of visible light). And the linearly polarized light 13 in a direction perpendicular to the direction (substantially all wavelength range of visible light). Linearly polarized light 14 in the direction parallel to the paper
(Only the short wavelength region of visible light) The polarization direction is twisted by 90 ° by the TN liquid crystal 26 to become linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and becomes a left circularly polarized light by the (1/4) λ plate 42, and becomes a cholesteric liquid crystal layer. Reflected at 44 and again (1/4) λ
The light enters the plate 42, is converted into linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface by the (1/4) λ plate 42, and the polarization direction is twisted by 90 ° by the TN liquid crystal 26 to become linearly polarized light in a direction parallel to the paper surface. The light is emitted from the color polarizing plate 12 as linearly polarized light in a direction parallel to the paper surface. This is displayed in blue. The linearly polarized light 13 in the vertical direction (almost the entire wavelength range of visible light) is twisted by 90 ° by the TN liquid crystal 26 to become linearly polarized light in a direction parallel to the paper surface. It becomes circularly polarized light and passes through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44.
That is, the portion where no voltage is applied during reflection is displayed in blue.

In the voltage application section on the right side, when external light enters the liquid crystal display device, the external light is converted by the bluish color polarizing plate 12 into linearly polarized light 15 (in the short wavelength range of visible light) in a direction parallel to the plane of the drawing. Only) and linearly polarized light 16 in a direction perpendicular to the direction (substantially all wavelength range of visible light). The linearly polarized light 16 in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface (almost the entire wavelength range of visible light) is
6 is transmitted without changing the polarization direction, becomes left-handed circularly polarized light by the (1/4) λ plate 42, is reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44, and is incident on the (1/4) λ plate 42 again. )
Due to the λ plate 42, the light becomes linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface,
The light passes through the TN liquid crystal 26 without changing the polarization direction, and is emitted from the color polarizing plate 12 as linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. This is a white display. On the other hand, the linearly polarized light 15 (only in the short wavelength region of visible light) in the direction parallel to the paper surface is
Is transmitted without changing the polarization direction, becomes right-handed circularly polarized light by the (1/4) λ plate 42, and transmits through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44. In other words, the voltage application section at the time of reflection displays white.

As described above, in the reflection type display when external light is incident on the liquid crystal display element, blue display is performed in the voltage non-applied portion, and white display is performed in the voltage applied portion. Then, when voltage is applied, external light incident on the liquid crystal display element is
Since the light is reflected by the polarization splitter 40 without being absorbed, a bright display is obtained.

Next, a transmission type multicolor display using light from the red EL backlight 60 will be described.
In the left non-voltage application section, the EL backlight 60
From the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44 of the polarization separator 40.
, Only the right-handed circularly polarized light passes through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44, is converted into linearly polarized light in a direction parallel to the paper by the (（) λ plate 42, and then the polarization direction is twisted by 90 ° by the TN liquid crystal 26. Then, the light becomes linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and passes through the bluish color polarizing plate 12. This is because the blue-based color polarizing plate 12 is arranged so as to transmit linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface over almost the entire visible light range. In other words, the red wavelength range is also transmitted, and a red display is obtained.

In the voltage application section on the right side, the red EL
The light from the backlight 60 is applied to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44.
, Only the right-handed circularly polarized light passes through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44, is converted into linearly polarized light in a direction parallel to the paper surface by the (）) λ plate 42, passes through the light scatterer 30,
The light passes through the TN liquid crystal 26 without changing the polarization direction, and is blocked by the blue color polarizer 12. This is because the blue-based color polarizing plate 12 is arranged so as to transmit linearly polarized light in a direction parallel to the paper plane only in the blue wavelength range. That is, light in the red wavelength range is absorbed, and black display is obtained.

As described above, the red EL backlight 60
In the transmission type display using light from the backlight, the red colored light from the backlight 60 is absorbed by the blue color polarizer 12 in the voltage application section, resulting in black display, and the blue color polarization in the non-voltage application section. Through the plate 12, the color display of the EL backlight, that is, red display is performed.

Therefore, this liquid crystal display device can provide a bright reflection type multi-color display utilizing the reflection of external light in a place where external light exists, and a colored EL backlight even in a place where there is no external light. A reflective liquid crystal display device having a so-called semi-transmissive function capable of performing a transmissive multi-color display using light from the light 60. In the present embodiment, the two states of the voltage applying section and the non-applying section have been described, but halftone display is also possible.
Further, in this embodiment, a bluish color polarizing plate 12 is used, but any other color polarizing plate may be used as long as it absorbs a specific wavelength in the visible light range.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

In the first embodiment described above,
(１ ／) The polarization separator 40 including the λ plate 42 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 44 is used. However, in the present embodiment, the polarization separator 40 is replaced with an internationally published international application (international application). The difference between the first and second embodiments is that the polarization separator disclosed in Application Nos. WO95 / 27819 and WO95 / 17692) is used as the polarization separator 240, but the other points are the same.

In this internationally published international application (international application numbers: WO 95/27819 and WO 95/1769)
Polarization separator 24 using the polarization separator disclosed in 2)
0, as described above, transmits the linearly polarized light component in the predetermined second direction of the light incident from above as linearly polarized light in the second direction, and the first direction orthogonal to the predetermined second direction. Is a polarization separation means that reflects the linearly polarized light component of the second direction and emits the linearly polarized light in the second direction to the upper side with respect to the light incident from the lower side.

Next, the display by the liquid crystal display element will be described with the right half of the liquid crystal display element as a voltage application section and the left half as a non-voltage application section.

First, a description will be given of a reflective multi-color display when external light is incident on the liquid crystal display element. In the left non-voltage application section, when external light enters the liquid crystal display element, the external light is converted by the bluish color polarizing plate 12 into linearly polarized light 14 in a direction parallel to the paper surface (only in the short wavelength region of visible light). And the linearly polarized light 13 in a direction perpendicular to the direction (substantially all wavelength range of visible light). Linearly polarized light 14 in the direction parallel to the paper
The polarization direction (only in the short wavelength region of visible light) is twisted by 90 ° by the TN liquid crystal 26 to become linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and is reflected by the polarization separator 240 as linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface. The polarization direction is 9 by the TN liquid crystal 26.
The light is twisted by 0 ° and becomes linearly polarized light in a direction parallel to the paper surface, and is emitted from the blue color polarizing plate 12 as linearly polarized light in a direction parallel to the paper surface. This is displayed in blue. The linearly polarized light 13 in the vertical direction (almost the entire wavelength range of visible light) is twisted by 90 ° by the TN liquid crystal 26 to become linearly polarized light in a direction parallel to the paper, and passes through the polarization separator 240. That is, the portion where no voltage is applied during reflection is displayed in blue.

In the voltage application section on the right side, when external light enters the liquid crystal display element, the external light is converted by the bluish color polarizing plate 12 into linearly polarized light 15 (in the short wavelength range of visible light) in a direction parallel to the plane of the drawing. Only) and linearly polarized light 16 in a direction perpendicular to the direction (substantially all wavelength range of visible light). The linearly polarized light 16 in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface (almost the entire wavelength range of visible light) is
6 is transmitted without changing the polarization direction, is reflected by the polarization separator 240, passes through the TN liquid crystal 26 without changing the polarization direction, and is emitted from the color polarizing plate 12 as linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface. This is a white display. On the other hand, the linearly polarized light 15 in the direction parallel to the paper surface (only in the short wavelength region of visible light) is TN
The light passes through the liquid crystal 26 without changing the polarization direction, and is polarized.
Transmit 0. In other words, the voltage application section at the time of reflection displays white. As described above, in the reflection type display when external light is incident on the liquid crystal display element, blue display is performed in the voltage non-applied portion, and white display is performed in the voltage applied portion. Then, when a voltage is applied, external light incident on the liquid crystal display element is reflected without being absorbed by the polarization separator 240, so that a bright display is obtained.

Next, a transmission type multi-color display using light from the red EL backlight 60 will be described.
In the left non-voltage application section, the EL backlight 60
Is incident on the polarization separator 240, and becomes linearly polarized light 17 in a direction parallel to the paper surface. Thereafter, the polarization direction is twisted by 90 ° by the TN liquid crystal 26 to become linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface. The light passes through the color polarizing plate 12. This is because the blue-based color polarizing plate 12 is arranged so as to transmit linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface over almost the entire visible light range. In other words, it also transmits the red wavelength range,
A red display is obtained.

In the voltage application section on the right side, the red EL
The light from the backlight 60 is incident on the polarization separator 240, becomes linearly polarized light 18 in a direction parallel to the plane of the paper, passes through the light scatterer 30, and then passes through the TN liquid crystal 26 without changing the polarization direction. Is blocked by the color polarizing plate 12. This is because the blue-based color polarizing plate 12 is arranged so as to transmit linearly polarized light in a direction parallel to the paper plane only in the blue wavelength range. That is, light in the red wavelength range is absorbed, and black display is obtained.

As described above, the red EL backlight 60
In the transmission type display using light from the backlight, the red colored light from the backlight 60 is absorbed by the blue color polarizer 12 in the voltage application section, resulting in black display, and the blue color polarization in the non-voltage application section. Through the plate 12, the color display of the EL backlight, that is, red display is performed.

Therefore, this liquid crystal display element can perform bright reflection type multi-color display utilizing the reflection of external light in a place where external light exists, and a colored EL backlight even in a place where there is no external light. A reflective liquid crystal display device having a so-called semi-transmissive function capable of performing a transmissive multi-color display using light from the light 60. In the present embodiment, the two states of the voltage applying section and the non-applying section have been described, but halftone display is also possible.

In each of the above embodiments, a TN liquid crystal panel has been described as an example of the transmission polarization axis changing means. However, an STN liquid crystal element, an ECB liquid crystal element, or the like may be used. And, as the STN liquid crystal element, F-
STN using an optically anisotropic body for color compensation such as STN liquid crystal element
Liquid crystal elements are preferably used.

As the backlight 60, a cold cathode tube type,
An LED, EL, or the like can be used.

In this embodiment, the backlight 60 is in direct contact with the polarization separator 240, but a light scatterer, a gray light absorber in a semi-transmissive state, and a black light absorber having a plurality of openings are provided therebetween. Alternatively, a polarizing plate whose transmission axis is shifted from that of the polarization separator 240 can be used. From these optical elements, TN
While being able to absorb or scatter light from the liquid crystal panel side,
Light from the backlight 60 can be transmitted to the TN liquid crystal panel side, and a high-contrast liquid crystal display device can be realized.

When a black light absorber having a plurality of openings between the polarization separator 240 and the backlight 60 is used, it is preferable to limit the ratio of the openings to the light absorber. This makes it possible to reduce the amount of light transmitted through the light absorber through the opening, reflected by the backlight 60 or the like, and returned through the opening of the light absorber. Can be suppressed. Preferably, by increasing the distance between the light absorber and the backlight 60, the amount of light transmitted through the light absorber reflected by the backlight 60 and returned again can be reduced. Can be suppressed.

Preferably, by making the surface color of the backlight 60 darker, reflection on the surface of the backlight 60 can be suppressed.
The amount of light that has passed through 0 and is reflected by the backlight 60 and returns again can be reduced, and a decrease in contrast can be suppressed.

Preferably, there is further provided means for condensing light from the backlight 60 toward the front of the liquid crystal display device. Usually, when viewing a reflection type display using external light, the display is performed at a position inclined at an angle from a normal to the front of the liquid crystal display element. If viewed from the normal direction to the front of the liquid crystal display element, the external light incident on the liquid crystal display element is obstructed by the observer himself, so that the reflection type display by the external light becomes dark. On the other hand, when the display by the transmitted light from the backlight 60 is viewed, the light from the backlight 60 is directed toward the front of the liquid crystal display element because the display is usually viewed from the normal direction to the front of the liquid crystal display element. By providing the means for condensing light, the display by the light transmitted from the backlight 60 can be brightened. As a result, the transmission display by the light from the backlight 60 can be performed in the normal direction to the front of the liquid crystal display element. It becomes easy to see in. As a means for condensing the light from the backlight 60 toward the front of the liquid crystal display element, for example, a prism sheet is suitably used.

(Third Embodiment) The direction of the transmission axis of the color polarizing plate 12 is set to 90 ° with the first and second embodiments.
An embodiment when rotated will be described. FIG.
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

The display by the liquid crystal display element will be described with the right half of the liquid crystal display element as the voltage application section and the left half as the non-voltage application section.

First, a description will be given of a reflection type multi-color display when external light is incident on the liquid crystal display element. In the left non-voltage application section, when external light is incident on the liquid crystal display element, the external light is converted by the bluish color polarizing plate 12 into linearly polarized light 14 in a direction parallel to the paper surface (almost the entire wavelength range of visible light). And a linearly polarized light 13 in a direction perpendicular to the direction (only the short wavelength region of visible light). Linearly polarized light 14 in the direction parallel to the paper
(Almost the entire wavelength range of visible light) is twisted by 90 ° by the TN liquid crystal 26 to become linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the paper, and is reflected by the polarization separator 240 as linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the paper. The polarization direction is 9 by the TN liquid crystal 26.
The light is twisted by 0 ° and becomes linearly polarized light in a direction parallel to the paper surface, and is emitted from the blue color polarizing plate 12 as linearly polarized light in a direction parallel to the paper surface. This is a white display. The linearly polarized light 13 in the vertical direction (only in the short wavelength region of visible light) is twisted by 90 ° by the TN liquid crystal 26 to become linearly polarized light in a direction parallel to the paper, and passes through the polarization separator 240. That is, the voltage non-applied portion at the time of reflection is displayed in white.

In the voltage application section on the right side, when external light is incident on the liquid crystal display element, the external light is converted by the bluish color polarizing plate 12 into linearly polarized light 15 (almost all wavelengths of visible light) parallel to the paper surface. Region) and linearly polarized light 16 in a direction perpendicular to the region (only in the short wavelength region of visible light). The linearly polarized light 16 in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface (only in the short wavelength region of visible light) is
6 is transmitted without changing the polarization direction, is reflected by the polarization separator 240, passes through the TN liquid crystal 26 without changing the polarization direction, and is emitted from the color polarizing plate 12 as linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface. This is displayed in blue. On the other hand, the linearly polarized light 15 in a direction parallel to the paper surface (almost the entire wavelength range of visible light) is TN
The light passes through the liquid crystal 26 without changing the polarization direction, and is polarized.
Transmit 0. That is, the voltage application unit at the time of reflection displays blue. As described above, in the reflection type display when external light is incident on the liquid crystal display element, white display is performed in the voltage non-applied portion, and blue display is performed in the voltage applied portion. When no voltage is applied, external light incident on the liquid crystal display element is reflected without being absorbed by the polarization separator 240, so that a bright display is obtained.

Next, a transmission type multi-color display using light from the red EL backlight 60 will be described.
In the left non-voltage application section, the EL backlight 60
Is incident on the polarization separator 240 and becomes linearly polarized light 17 in a direction parallel to the paper surface. Then, the polarization direction is twisted by 90 ° by the TN liquid crystal 26 to become linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface. The light is blocked by the color polarizer 12. This is because the blue-based color polarizing plate 12 is disposed so as to transmit linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface only in the blue wavelength range. That is, light in the red wavelength range is absorbed, and black display is obtained.

In the voltage application section on the right side, the red EL
The light from the backlight 60 is incident on the polarization separator 240, becomes linearly polarized light 18 in a direction parallel to the plane of the paper, passes through the light scatterer 30, and then passes through the TN liquid crystal 26 without changing the polarization direction. Through the color polarizing plate 12. This is because the blue color polarizing plate 12 is disposed so as to transmit linearly polarized light in a direction parallel to the plane of the paper over substantially the entire visible light range. In other words, it also transmits the red wavelength range,
A red display is obtained.

As described above, the red EL backlight 60
In the transmission type display using light from the backlight, the red colored light from the backlight 60 is absorbed by the blue color polarizer 12 in the no-voltage application portion, resulting in black display, and the blue color polarization in the voltage application portion. Through the plate 12, the color display of the EL backlight, that is, red display is performed.

Therefore, this liquid crystal display element can provide a bright reflection type multi-color display utilizing the reflection of external light in a place where external light exists, and a colored EL backlight even in a place where there is no external light. A reflective liquid crystal display device having a so-called semi-transmissive function capable of performing a transmissive multi-color display using light from the light 60. In the present embodiment, the two states of the voltage applying section and the non-applying section have been described, but halftone display is also possible.

(Fourth Embodiment) FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

The liquid crystal element 302 has a structure sandwiched between the color polarizing plate 301 and the polarization separating means 303 as in the above-described embodiment, and the liquid crystal element 302 can display a character on the portions 306 and 307. The light guide plates 305 and 407 have different LED light sources 405 and 406 corresponding to the character display units 306 and 307, respectively. At the boundary of the light guide plate, a reflection plate is arranged on an end face so that light from each light source does not mix. Polarization separation means 303
A light scattering plate 404 for scattering the backlight is disposed between the light guide plates 305 and 407.

First, a description will be given of a reflective multi-color display when external light is incident on the liquid crystal display element. In the voltage non-applied portion, when external light is incident, the external light is converted into two linearly polarized lights by the color polarizing plate 301 in the same manner as in the first, second, and third embodiments. The polarization direction becomes linearly polarized light twisted by 90 °, one of the two is reflected by the polarization separator 303, and the polarization direction is again 90 ° by the TN liquid crystal 302.
The light is emitted from the color polarizing plate 301 by being twisted. For example, this becomes a white display. As described above, when no voltage is applied, the incident external light is reflected instead of being absorbed by the polarization separator 303, so that a bright reflective display is obtained. The polarization separator 303 and the TN liquid crystal panel 302
When a light scatterer is provided between the mirror and the mirror, the reflected light from the polarization separator 303 changes from a mirror state to a white state. In the voltage application section, when external light enters the liquid crystal display element, the external light is converted into two linearly polarized lights by the color polarizer 301, and then transmitted through the TN liquid crystal 302 without changing the polarization direction. The linearly polarized light passes through the polarization splitter 303 without changing the polarization direction, and then is scattered and depolarized by the scattering plate, and almost no light returns to the TN liquid crystal side. The other is reflected by the polarization separator 303 and exits the color polarizer 301. For example, this is a color polarizer 301
Color display.

Next, transmission type display by light from the backlight will be described. In the non-voltage-applied portion, light from the backlight enters the polarization separator 303, is converted into linearly polarized light by the polarization separator 303, and then the polarization direction is twisted by 90 ° by the TN liquid crystal 302, and is changed by the color polarizer 301. It is absorbed and the display becomes black. In the voltage application section, light from the backlight is
3, the light is converted into linearly polarized light by the polarization separator 303, becomes scattered light by the light scatterer, and then passes through the TN liquid crystal 302 without changing the polarization direction.
1 is also transmitted to provide a color display corresponding to the colored layer. The light guide plates 305, 4 correspond to the character display units 306, 307.
07 is provided with different LED light sources 405 and 406, each character can be displayed in a different color.

Therefore, this liquid crystal display element can perform bright reflection type display utilizing the reflection of external light in a place where external light exists, and can provide a light from the light sources 405 and 406 even in a place where there is no external light. A reflective liquid crystal display device having a so-called semi-transmissive function capable of performing a transmissive display by the light. In addition, multi-color display has become possible by using light sources that emit different colors.

(Fifth Embodiment) FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

The liquid crystal element 302 has a structure sandwiched between the color polarizing plate 301 and the polarization separation means 303 similar to that of the above-described embodiment, and the liquid crystal element 302 can display a character on the portions 306 and 307. According to the character display units 306 and 307, different LED light sources 408,
409. Reflectors are disposed on the end faces at the boundaries so that light from the respective light sources does not mix. A light scattering plate 404 that scatters backlight light is disposed between the polarization separation means 303 and the LED light sources 408 and 409.

In the fourth embodiment, an LED light source having different light guide plates is used as the light source.
08 and 409 were used as direct light sources. 408 is a set of LED elements that emit red, and 409 is a set of LED elements that emit blue. The character display section corresponding to this light source portion can display in a different color during transmissive display. The portion 306 is displayed in red, and the portion 307 is displayed in blue. At the time of reflection display, display can be performed according to the same principle as in the fourth embodiment.

Further, instead of the blue LED element 409, blue E
L may be used.

(Sixth Embodiment) FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

The liquid crystal element 302 has a structure sandwiched between the color polarizing plate 301 and the polarization separation means 303 as in the above-described embodiment, and the liquid crystal element 302 can display a character on the portions 306 and 307. Different EL elements 410, 4 correspond to the character display sections 306, 307.
11 is provided. Polarization separation means 303 and EL element 41
Between 0 and 411, a light scattering plate 404 for scattering backlight light is disposed.

In the fourth embodiment, an LED light source having a different light guide plate is used as the light source. In this embodiment, the EL element 410 that emits red light and the EL element 411 that emits green light are used as direct light sources. The character display section corresponding to this light source portion can display in a different color during transmissive display. 306
Is displayed in red, and 307 is displayed in green. In addition,
At the time of reflection display, display can be performed according to the same principle as in the fourth embodiment.

(Seventh Embodiment) FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

In the fourth embodiment, the light scattering plate 404 is disposed between the polarization separating means 303 and the light guide plate 305. In this embodiment, a film colored red 308 and blue 309 is used.
The character display portion corresponding to the colored portion can be displayed in a different color during the transmissive display. The portion 306 is displayed in red, and the portion 307 is displayed in blue. At the time of reflection display, display can be performed according to the same principle as in the fourth embodiment.

(Eighth Embodiment) FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

In the seventh embodiment, the colored film 304 is arranged between the polarized light separating means 303 and the light guide plate 305. In the present embodiment, in addition to this, a gray semi-transmissive state is provided between the polarized light separating means 303 and the colored film 304. Was inserted. By inserting the light transmissive plate 401 in the gray semi-transmissive state, the polarization separator 30 during reflective display can be obtained.
The reflection of the light passing through 3 from the light guide plate 305 or the colored film 304 can be suppressed.

Further, the light absorbing plate 401 in a gray semi-transmissive state.
Instead of a light absorber having an opening or a polarization separating means 30
A polarizing plate whose transmission axis is shifted with respect to 3 may be used.

(Ninth Embodiment) FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, the color polarizing plate 301 is divided into two or more different parts. Other configurations are the same as those of the above-described embodiment. By dividing the color polarizing plate 301 into two, a character display showing a different color development corresponding to each was realized.

(Tenth Embodiment) FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

The structure is the same as that of the embodiment described above, except that a prism sheet 403 is inserted between the backlight 305 and the colored film 304. By inserting the prism sheet 403, the brightness at the time of transmissive display can be further increased.

Further, DEF-90 (trade name) manufactured by 3M is suitable for the prism sheet 403.

[0120]

According to the display element of the present invention, the second polarized light is applied to light incident from outside the first polarized light separating means in accordance with the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means. A first display state by light reflected from the separating means;
Two display states, that is, a second display state in which only the specific wavelength component is reflected from the second polarization separation means, are obtained, and a reflection type multi-color display element is obtained. The first display state is a display state based on the light reflected from the second polarization splitting means, so that a bright display is obtained.

For the colored light from the light source, the first polarized light varies depending on the state of the transmission polarization axis of the transmission polarization axis changing means.
And a fourth display state in which light does not pass through the first polarization separating means (or a state in which light passes through only a predetermined wavelength range).
One display state is obtained, and a transmission type multi-color display can be obtained.

As described above, in the display element of the present invention, in a place where external light exists, a bright reflection type multi-color display utilizing reflection of the external light can be performed, and in a place where there is no external light. Also, a transmission type multi-color display using colored light from a light source can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a liquid crystal display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 ... Color polarizing plate 22,24 ... Glass substrate 26 ... TN liquid crystal 30 ... Light scatterer 40,240 ... Polarization separator 42 ... 1/4 lambda plate 44 ... Cholesteric liquid crystal layer 60 ... Backlight

Claims (27)

[Claims] 1. A transmission polarization axis changing means for changing a transmission polarization axis, and first and second polarization separation means arranged on both sides of the transmission polarization axis changing means with the transmission polarization axis changing means interposed therebetween; A display element comprising: a light source disposed on a side opposite to the transmission polarization axis variable unit with respect to the second polarization separation unit; wherein the first polarization separation unit is a first polarization separation unit. The linearly polarized light component in the first predetermined direction of the light incident from the first side is transmitted to the second side facing the first side by the first side.
And transmitted as linearly polarized light in a predetermined direction, and a specific wavelength of linearly polarized light components in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction in light incident from the first side of the first polarization separation means. Only the component is transmitted to the second side, and the linearly polarized light component in the first predetermined direction out of the light incident from the second side of the first polarization separation means is transmitted to the first side. Transmitting as linearly polarized light in a first predetermined direction;
Polarization splitting means for transmitting only a specific wavelength component of the linearly polarized light component in the second direction of the light incident from the second side of the polarized light separating means to the first side; A polarization separating unit that transmits a linearly polarized light component in a third predetermined direction of the light incident from the transmission polarization axis changing unit side to the light source side, and a fourth predetermined direction orthogonal to the third predetermined direction; Is reflected toward the transmission polarization axis changing means, and linearly polarized light in the third predetermined direction can be emitted toward the transmission polarization axis changing means with respect to light incident from the light source side. A display element, which is polarization separation means, wherein light from the light source is colored. 2. A transmission polarization axis changing means for changing a transmission polarization axis, and first and second polarization separation means disposed on both sides of the transmission polarization axis changing means with the transmission polarization axis changing means interposed therebetween. An optical element disposed on the opposite side of the transmission polarization axis changing unit with respect to the second polarization separation unit; and a light source disposed on the opposite side of the second polarization separation unit with respect to the optical element. A display element comprising: a first polarized light separating unit that converts a linearly polarized light component in a first predetermined direction in light incident from a first side of the first polarized light separating unit onto the first side; On the second side opposite to the first
And transmitted as linearly polarized light in a predetermined direction, and a specific wavelength of linearly polarized light components in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction in light incident from the first side of the first polarization separation means. Only the component is transmitted to the second side, and the linearly polarized light component in the first predetermined direction out of the light incident from the second side of the first polarization separation means is transmitted to the first side. Transmitting as linearly polarized light in a first predetermined direction;
Polarization splitting means for transmitting only a specific wavelength component of the linearly polarized light component in the second direction of the light incident from the second side of the polarized light separating means to the first side; A polarization separating unit that transmits a linearly polarized light component in a third predetermined direction of the light incident from the transmission polarization axis changing unit side to the optical element side, and a fourth light beam orthogonal to the third predetermined direction. The linearly polarized light component in a predetermined direction is reflected to the transmission polarization axis variable means side, and the linearly polarized light in the third predetermined direction is emitted to the transmission polarization axis variable means side for light incident from the optical element side. A display element, which is a possible polarization separation means, wherein light from the light source is colored. 3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein the optical element is a light scatterer. 4. The display element according to claim 2, wherein the optical element is a light transmissive scatterer in a gray semi-transmissive state. 5. The display element according to claim 4, wherein the light absorbing and scattering body has a transmittance of 10% or more and 80% or less with respect to light in a substantially entire wavelength range of a visible light region. 6. The optical element according to claim 1, wherein the optical element is an optical element that absorbs light from the second polarization separation unit and transmits light from the light source to the second polarization separation unit. The display device according to claim 2, wherein 7. The display element according to claim 6, wherein the optical element is a light absorber that absorbs light in a substantially entire wavelength range of a visible light region, and has an opening. 8. The display element according to claim 2, wherein said optical element is a polarizing plate whose transmission axis is shifted from said second polarization separation means. 9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the color of the light source is at least two colors that are partially different. 10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the light guide plate of the light source is divided into at least two or more light guide plates, and an LED element is arranged in each of the light guide plates. 11. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the light source is a plurality of LED devices, and includes LED devices that emit different colors. 12. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the light source is an EL (electroluminescence) device and has at least two or more color-developing regions. 13. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the light source is a plurality of EL (electroluminescence) devices, and includes EL devices that emit different colors. 14. The light source according to claim 1, wherein the light source is at least one LED.
The display element according to claim 9, comprising an element and an EL (electroluminescence) element. 15. A transmission polarization axis changing means for changing a transmission polarization axis, first and second polarization separation means arranged on both sides of the transmission polarization axis changing means with the transmission polarization axis changing means interposed therebetween, An optical element disposed on the opposite side of the transmission polarization axis changing unit with respect to the second polarization separation unit; and a light source disposed on the opposite side of the second polarization separation unit with respect to the optical element. A display element comprising: a first polarized light separating unit that converts a linearly polarized light component in a first predetermined direction in light incident from a first side of the first polarized light separating unit onto the first side; On the second side opposite to the first
And transmitted as linearly polarized light in a predetermined direction, and a specific wavelength of linearly polarized light components in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction in light incident from the first side of the first polarization separation means. Only the component is transmitted to the second side, and the linearly polarized light component in the first predetermined direction out of the light incident from the second side of the first polarization separation means is transmitted to the first side. Transmitting as linearly polarized light in a first predetermined direction;
Polarization splitting means for transmitting only a specific wavelength component of the linearly polarized light component in the second direction of the light incident from the second side of the polarized light separating means to the first side; A polarization separating unit that transmits a linearly polarized light component in a third predetermined direction of the light incident from the transmission polarization axis changing unit side to the optical element side, and a fourth light beam orthogonal to the third predetermined direction. The linearly polarized light component in a predetermined direction is reflected to the transmission polarization axis variable means side, and the linearly polarized light in the third predetermined direction is emitted to the transmission polarization axis variable means side for light incident from the optical element side. A display device, which is a possible polarization separating means, wherein the optical element is a colored layer. 16. A transmission polarization axis changing means for changing a transmission polarization axis, and first and second polarization separation means arranged on both sides of the transmission polarization axis changing means with the transmission polarization axis changing means interposed therebetween. An optical element disposed on the opposite side of the transmission polarization axis changing unit with respect to the second polarization separation unit; and a light source disposed on the opposite side of the second polarization separation unit with respect to the optical element. A display element comprising: a first polarized light separating unit that converts a linearly polarized light component in a first predetermined direction in light incident from a first side of the first polarized light separating unit onto the first side; On the second side opposite to the first
And transmitted as linearly polarized light in a predetermined direction, and a specific wavelength of linearly polarized light components in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction in light incident from the first side of the first polarization separation means. Only the component is transmitted to the second side, and the linearly polarized light component in the first predetermined direction out of the light incident from the second side of the first polarization separation means is transmitted to the first side. Transmitting as linearly polarized light in a first predetermined direction;
Polarization splitting means for transmitting only a specific wavelength component of the linearly polarized light component in the second direction of the light incident from the second side of the polarized light separating means to the first side; A polarization separating unit that transmits a linearly polarized light component in a third predetermined direction of the light incident from the transmission polarization axis changing unit side to the optical element side, and a fourth light beam orthogonal to the third predetermined direction. The linearly polarized light component in a predetermined direction is reflected to the transmission polarization axis variable means side, and the linearly polarized light in the third predetermined direction is emitted to the transmission polarization axis variable means side for light incident from the optical element side. A display device, which is a possible polarization separating means, wherein the optical element has a structure in which a light absorbing scatterer and a colored layer in a gray semi-transmissive state are sequentially formed. 17. A transmission polarization axis changing means for changing a transmission polarization axis, first and second polarization separation means arranged on both sides of the transmission polarization axis changing means with the transmission polarization axis changing means interposed therebetween, An optical element disposed on the opposite side of the transmission polarization axis changing unit with respect to the second polarization separation unit; and a light source disposed on the opposite side of the second polarization separation unit with respect to the optical element. A display element comprising: a first polarized light separating unit that converts a linearly polarized light component in a first predetermined direction in light incident from a first side of the first polarized light separating unit onto the first side; On the second side opposite to the first
And transmitted as linearly polarized light in a predetermined direction, and a specific wavelength of linearly polarized light components in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction in light incident from the first side of the first polarization separation means. Only the component is transmitted to the second side, and the linearly polarized light component in the first predetermined direction out of the light incident from the second side of the first polarization separation means is transmitted to the first side. Transmitting as linearly polarized light in a first predetermined direction;
Polarization splitting means for transmitting only a specific wavelength component of the linearly polarized light component in the second direction of the light incident from the second side of the polarized light separating means to the first side; A polarization separating unit that transmits a linearly polarized light component in a third predetermined direction of the light incident from the transmission polarization axis changing unit side to the optical element side, and a fourth light beam orthogonal to the third predetermined direction. The linearly polarized light component in a predetermined direction is reflected to the transmission polarization axis variable means side, and the linearly polarized light in the third predetermined direction is emitted to the transmission polarization axis variable means side for light incident from the optical element side. A display device, wherein the optical device has a structure in which a light absorber having an opening and a coloring layer are sequentially formed. 18. A transmission polarization axis changing means for changing a transmission polarization axis, first and second polarization separation means disposed on both sides of the transmission polarization axis changing means with the transmission polarization axis changing means interposed therebetween, An optical element disposed on the opposite side of the transmission polarization axis changing unit with respect to the second polarization separation unit; and a light source disposed on the opposite side of the second polarization separation unit with respect to the optical element. A display element comprising: a first polarized light separating unit that converts a linearly polarized light component in a first predetermined direction in light incident from a first side of the first polarized light separating unit onto the first side; On the second side opposite to the first
And transmitted as linearly polarized light in a predetermined direction, and a specific wavelength of linearly polarized light components in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction in light incident from the first side of the first polarization separation means. Only the component is transmitted to the second side, and the linearly polarized light component in the first predetermined direction out of the light incident from the second side of the first polarization separation means is transmitted to the first side. Transmitting as linearly polarized light in a first predetermined direction;
Polarization splitting means for transmitting only a specific wavelength component of the linearly polarized light component in the second direction of the light incident from the second side of the polarized light separating means to the first side; A polarization separating unit that transmits a linearly polarized light component in a third predetermined direction of the light incident from the transmission polarization axis changing unit side to the optical element side, and a fourth light beam orthogonal to the third predetermined direction. The linearly polarized light component in a predetermined direction is reflected to the transmission polarization axis variable means side, and the linearly polarized light in the third predetermined direction is emitted to the transmission polarization axis variable means side for light incident from the optical element side. A display device, which is a possible polarization separating means, wherein the optical element has a structure in which a polarizing plate whose transmission axis is shifted with respect to the second polarization separating means and a coloring layer are sequentially formed. 19. A transmission polarization axis changing means for changing a transmission polarization axis, first and second polarization separation means arranged on both sides of the transmission polarization axis changing means with the transmission polarization axis changing means interposed therebetween; An optical element disposed on the opposite side of the transmission polarization axis changing unit with respect to the second polarization separation unit; and a light source disposed on the opposite side of the second polarization separation unit with respect to the optical element. A display element comprising: a first polarized light separating unit that converts a linearly polarized light component in a first predetermined direction in light incident from a first side of the first polarized light separating unit onto the first side; On the second side opposite to the first
And transmitted as linearly polarized light in a predetermined direction, and a specific wavelength of linearly polarized light components in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction in light incident from the first side of the first polarization separation means. Only the component is transmitted to the second side, and the linearly polarized light component in the first predetermined direction out of the light incident from the second side of the first polarization separation means is transmitted to the first side. Transmitting as linearly polarized light in a first predetermined direction;
Polarization splitting means for transmitting only a specific wavelength component of the linearly polarized light component in the second direction of the light incident from the second side of the polarized light separating means to the first side; A polarization separating unit that transmits a linearly polarized light component in a third predetermined direction of the light incident from the transmission polarization axis changing unit side to the optical element side, and a fourth light beam orthogonal to the third predetermined direction. The linearly polarized light component in a predetermined direction is reflected to the transmission polarization axis variable means side, and the linearly polarized light in the third predetermined direction is emitted to the transmission polarization axis variable means side for light incident from the optical element side. A display element, wherein the optical element is a mirror-reflecting plate having a colored layer and an opening formed sequentially from the second polarization separating means. 20. The display element according to claim 15, wherein the colored layer is partially colored with two or more different colors. 21. The display device according to claim 15, wherein the light source is further colored. 22. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first polarization splitting means is a color polarizing plate. 23. The display device according to claim 22, wherein the color polarizing plates are at least two different colors. 24. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the transmission polarization axis changing unit is a liquid crystal device. 25. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a unit configured to condense light from the light source toward a front of the optical element. 26. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a surface color of the light source is darkened. 27. The variable transmission polarization axis means and the second
The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 26, further comprising a light diffusion unit between the polarization separation units.