JPH10295206A - Agricultural multi-film - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a multifilm by which the development of weeds is suppressed, a ground temp. raising effect is held, rain water is uniformly put onto a coated ridge surface while keeping film strength, the inside of cultured soil is made to be a uniform humid state and soil developing environment being excellent for roots is generated by providing plural fine holes with specified diameters at specified intervals. SOLUTION: The plural fine holes 2 with a 0.05-1.50 mm diameter are provided and the intervals of the respective fine holes 2 are made to be 2-30 mm so as to obtain the target multifilm 1. It is favorable that hydrophilic coating films 5 for coating the fine holes 2 are provided on the back surface of the multifilm 1. Moreover, no limit exists concerning the multifilm 1 only when it is a thermal plastic resin and, for example, respective kinds of impermeable and plastic synthetic resin-made films such as a vinyl chloride resin film or a polyolefine resin film, etc., like the copolymer of a polyethylene and an ethylene-vinyl acetate are used.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a multi-film for agriculture, and more particularly, to rain water that has fallen on a ridge covered with the multi-film is taken into a ridge under the cover to effectively use the rain water and to control weeds. The present invention relates to an agricultural multi-film capable of preventing the occurrence of odor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a multi-film is used for cultivation of many agricultural products (rice, wheat, corn, vegetables, flowers, fruit trees, etc.).

[0003] Multi-cultivation using such a multi-film makes it possible to maintain soil moisture, maintain soil swelling, prevent fertilizer runoff, raise and suppress soil temperature, promote early growth, increase initial yield, and stabilize production. And other effects are achieved.

[0004] In recent years, a cultivated soil has been formed by a rotary cultivation method, which crushes cultivated soil by a large-scale machine, and at the same time, a solid cultivated soil layer is formed underground approximately 30 to 50 cm below the ground surface. In the cultivated soil between the two, capillary breakage occurs, "water retention" and "drainage" deteriorate, rainwater reaches the cultivated layer directly, and cultivated soil above the cultivated layer becomes dry.

[0005] Therefore, even if the mulch film is laid, if the cultivated soil is in a dry state, water shortage and an increase in the soil temperature may be caused, and the existence of the mulch film may not function effectively. In the case of cultivation, there is a problem that water required by plants is not supplied.

Also, as a result of rainwater reaching the cultivation layer directly and accumulating on the cultivation layer, in the case of cultivating a plant whose roots are relatively long and extend to the vicinity of the cultivation layer, moisture is generated around the roots. There is a problem that roots rot due to excessive existence.

Hitherto, it has been known to provide a small hole for water passage in the multi-film in order to take rainwater into the furrow below the multi-film. In order to take in water from the surface of the multi-film through the small holes, it is necessary to take 1
It is considered that a hole diameter of at least 2 mm is necessary.
A multi-film with a pore size of ４4 mm was used.

Further, in the cultivated soil on the ridge surface under the multi-film, since the capillary action of the soil itself is poor, water cannot move laterally in the ridge under the multi-film. Therefore, in order to supply water uniformly to the entire ridge surface, a method of reducing the interval between holes has been considered. However, if the interval between holes is small, the strength of the film is reduced and the incidence of weeds is reduced. However, there is a problem that the soil density increases, the effect of increasing the temperature of the ground decreases, and the drying of the cultivated soil is accelerated. For the above reasons, a multi-film having a hole interval of 4 to 5 cm or more has been conventionally used.

[0009] However, the hole spacing of 4 to 5 cm or more is too wide, so that the wet portion in the ridge on the lower surface of the multi-film becomes uneven and non-uniform, and water cannot be distributed uniformly in the cultivated soil of the ridge. There's a problem.

[0010]

Therefore, the present inventor has proposed:
In the past, we discovered that water can pass even in an unthinkable small pore size range, and also suppressed the occurrence of weeds, maintained the soil temperature rise effect, and found pore diameters and hole intervals that could maintain film strength,
Rainwater was poured evenly on the furrows, making the cultivated soil more evenly moist and creating a good soil growth environment for the roots.

[0011] That is, the present invention suppresses the occurrence of weeds, maintains the effect of increasing the temperature of the ground, maintains the strength of the film, and evenly injects rainwater onto the ridge surface covered with the multi-film to make the inside of the cultivated soil more uniform. It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-film for agriculture which is capable of producing a soil-growing environment with good moist condition and good roots.

[0012]

An agricultural multi-film according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems has a plurality of fine holes having a diameter of 0.05 to 1.50 mm, and the interval between each fine hole is 2 to 30 mm. It is characterized by.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a hydrophilic coating is provided on the back surface of the multi-film so as to cover the micropores.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an example of the agricultural multi-film of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a main part showing an example of use of the multi-film of FIG.

1 and 2, reference numeral 1 denotes an agricultural multi-film of the present invention, and reference numeral 2 denotes micropores.

The shape of the fine hole 2 is not particularly limited as long as it has a diameter of 0.05 to 1.50 mm, preferably 0.3 to 1.0 mm, and may be other than a round hole. When the diameter is smaller than 0.05 mm, not only the processing is complicated, but also it becomes difficult to take in water. On the other hand, if it is larger than 1.50 mm, it is difficult to suppress the occurrence of weeds and maintain the effect of increasing the soil temperature while maintaining the film strength.

The diameter of the fine hole 2 can be measured by taking an enlarged photograph of the fine hole 2.

The diameter when the shape of the fine hole is other than the round hole means half the sum of the maximum length and the minimum length.

In the present invention, each of the micropores 2, 2, 2
The distance between... Is 2 to 30 mm, preferably 10 to 20 mm. If it exceeds 30mm, the effect of water intake is not enough,
In addition, if it is less than 2 mm, the workability of producing a fine hole becomes complicated,
The strength of the film cannot be maintained.

In the present invention, the micropores may be provided on the entire surface of the film,
Alternatively, it may be provided at a main portion such as only at the center of the furrow.

In the present invention, the reason why rainwater enters through the fine holes 2 will be described with reference to FIG. That is, on a fine day, as shown in FIG.
Is not in close contact.

On the other hand, when it rains on a rainy day, when the rain falls on the upper surface of the multi-film 1, the multi-film 1 is hit by the rain, or the film and the ridge surface adhere to each other due to the weight of the temporary pond 4. In addition, a capillary action is generated between the back surface of the multi-film 1 and the upper surface of the ridge 3, so that rainwater can be sucked in from the fine holes 2 and taken in.

As a method of forming the above-mentioned fine holes 2, for example, punching, puncturing, and melting with a heated needle or the like in the production of a multi-film can be cited. Preferably, a method of dissolving with a needle or the like is employed. The fine holes 2 may be formed during the manufacturing process of the multi-film 1 or may be formed later.

The multi-film used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is made of a thermoplastic resin. Examples thereof include vinyl chloride resin films and polyolefin resin films such as polyethylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Films made of various impermeable thermoplastic synthetic resins can be used. Among them, in the present invention, preferred are polyolefin-based resins, and the polyolefin-based resin is a homopolymer of α-olefin, a copolymer with a different monomer having α-olefin as a main component,
For example, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-butene 1 copolymer, ethylene-4-methyl-1-pentene copolymer, ethylene-hexene copolymer, ethylene-octene copolymer, ethylene-decene Ethylene-α-olefin copolymer such as copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate-methyl methacrylate copolymer, ionomer And copolymers. These resins can be used alone or in a blend. Among the polyolefin-based resins, low-density polyethylene (including ethylene and various α-olefin copolymers) is preferable for use as the multifilm of the present invention, and more preferable is linear low-density polyethylene. is there.

As the multi-film of the present invention, a transparent film, various colored films or a reflective film can be used. When a transparent film is used, there is an effect that weeds that have germinated under the film are not grown at a high temperature due to solar heat.

When the multi-film of the present invention is made of a low-density polyethylene resin, the thickness, cost, strength, flexibility,
In consideration of workability and the like, the thickness is preferably 5 to 30 μm, and more preferably 10 to 25 μm.

Next, another example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing another example of the multi-film of the present invention, viewed from the back side of the multi-film, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of FIG.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, reference numeral 5 denotes a hydrophilic coating film which has been treated so as to cover the fine holes 2 provided on the back surface 1a of the multi-film 1.

By providing such a hydrophilic coating film 5 at a position covering the micropores 2, the movement of water from the micropores 2 can be performed more quickly.

In the present invention, the hydrophilic coating film 5 is preferably a film formed by applying a hydrophilic coating solution containing an inorganic hydrophilic colloid substance and a hydrophilic organic compound as main components.

Examples of the inorganic hydrophilic colloid substance include colloidal silica, colloidal alumina, and colloidal Fe.
(OH) ₂ , colloidal Sn (OH) ₄ , colloidal TiO ₂ , colloidal BaSO ₄ , colloidal lithium silicate, and the like. Particularly preferred materials are colloidal silica and colloidal alumina.

Examples of the hydrophilic organic compound include various surfactants (nonionic, anionic and cationic) and a hydroxyl-containing vinyl monomer component as a main component, and an acid-containing vinyl monomer component. Or a partially or completely neutralized product thereof containing 0.1 to 40%, and a sulfonic acid group-containing polyester resin.

Other components that can be added to the hydrophilic coating solution include ultraviolet absorbers, coloring agents, pesticides (such as herbicides), and fertilizers.

The hydrophilic coating solution contains at least the fine pores 2
Is applied so as to cover the individual fine holes 2.
May be applied only to the periphery of the multi-film, or may be applied in a band along the row of fine holes, or may be applied to the entire back surface of the multi-film. As an application method, for example, a print printing method can be cited, and in the illustrated example, the hydrophilic coating film 5 is printed and applied in a band shape along two rows of fine holes. Examples of the method of applying the hydrophilic coating solution include spray coating, brushing, and stamping in addition to the above-described printing coating.

[0037]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described. The present invention is not limited by such embodiments.

Examples 1 to 8 A commercially available transparent multi-film for agricultural use having a thickness of 20 μm and a width of 95 cm (made of low-density polyethylene resin, product name: “KO Natsugoshi” manufactured by Mikado Kako Co., Ltd.) is shown in Table 2. Micro-films 1 to 5 were formed by piercing fine holes having the diameters and hole intervals shown.

Next, a coating solution obtained by diluting a stock solution consisting of 15% by weight of colloidal silica and 1% by weight of a surfactant by 100 times with water was applied to the entire back side of each of the multi-film samples 1 to 3 described above. Film samples 6 to 8 were obtained.

Comparative Example 1 (Conventional Film) The commercially available transparent multi-film having a thickness of 20 μm and a width of 95 cm used in Example 1 was used as the multi-film of Comparative Example 1.

Comparative Example 2 (Conventional Film) A film in which small holes having a diameter of 3 mm were provided on the film of Comparative Example 1 so as to have a hole interval of 5 cm was used as a multi-film of Comparative Example 2.

Comparative Examples 3 to 6 The films of Comparative Example 1 were pierced with fine holes having diameters and hole intervals shown in Table 2 to obtain multi films of Comparative Examples 3 to 6.

Using the multi-film samples 1 to 8 of Examples 1 to 8 and the multi-films of Comparative Examples 1 to 6, a laying test was conducted at a test farm of Mikado Chemical Co., Ltd.

A ridge 15 having a ridge width of 60 cm and a ridge length of 3 m was placed on the test farm.
A test row of books was prepared, each multi-film was laid on the ridge surface, and one ridge without a film was provided, and Comparative Example 7 was provided.
And The film expansion was conducted on April 5, and the investigation was continued until June 30.

Test of Moisture Permeation into Ridge Surface by Rainfall The test of the amount of water permeation was conducted in late April on a day when there was a continuous rainfall of 24 mm for about 20 hours. Rainfall is measured by a meteorological instrument provided at the test site. It was previously confirmed that the multi-film sample was in the state shown in FIG.

For this test, plastic gutters 101, 101 were provided on both sides of the ridge to collect the water flowing out from the upper surface of the multi-film to the sides (FIG. 5).
(A)). In the direction perpendicular to the furrow width, double-sided tape was used to provide a weir 102 to prevent rainwater from flowing out (Fig. 5).
(B)). In the figure, weirs 102 are provided at both ends of ridge 3, and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of ridge 3 in the longitudinal direction.

The amount of water permeation into the ridge is calculated as follows: total rainfall = (area on multi-film ridge + cross-sectional area of both gutters) x rainfall (mm) Moisture permeation into ridge = total rainfall -Calculated by the amount of water collected in both gutters + the cross-sectional area of both gutters x rainfall (mm). Table 2 shows the results. After the test, the gutter and the weir were removed, and the multi-film was returned to its original state.

Observation of the occurrence of weeds Each test row was visually observed, and the number of weeds protruding from the holes per 1 m ^{2 of} the multi-film was counted. Table 2 shows the results.

Confirmation of the effect of increasing the temperature of the ground A thermometer was inserted into a ridge 5 cm below the ridge almost at the center of each test row, and the soil temperature was continuously measured. Table 2 shows the average values of the daytime maximum soil temperatures during the seven fine days from mid-April to late April.

Evaluation of film strength The evaluation of the film strength is based on the presence or absence of deterioration and damage during the extension period.
Judgment was made based on the difficulty of removing the film at the end of the test.
In this test, no deterioration of the film was observed during the stretching period for each film, and the film was evaluated for removal workability. In the evaluation, one end of the film covering the furrow was dug out of the soil, and the film was pulled up along the longitudinal direction of the furrow and peeled off from the furrow. The evaluation reference points were determined based on the removal rate of the underground film and the removal rate of the underground (on the ridge) film as shown in Table 1 below, so that 10 ranks could be displayed.

[0051]

[Table 1]

Incidentally, the remaining of the underground film in the soil was mainly caused by tearing of the film from the above-ground portion. Naturally, removal of the film on the ground was easy, and removal of the film in the soil was difficult. The evaluation points were displayed in 10 ranks based on the above criteria.
Table 2 shows the results.

[0053]

[Table 2]

As can be seen from Table 2, the multi-film samples 1 to 8 of the present invention have a water penetration amount of 10 to 10
It is as high as 17 mm, which indicates that sufficient water can be supplied to the ridge surface covered with the multi-film. On the other hand, a film having a very small hole diameter of 0.03 mm as in Comparative Example 3 or a film having a large hole interval as in Comparative Examples 2 and 5 cannot supply moisture sufficiently to the lower ridge surface of the coating.

Further, as in Comparative Examples 2 and 6, the hole diameter was 2 mm.
Although the effect of suppressing the generation of weeds is low with a film as large as above, the generation of weeds could be prevented with the multi-film samples 1 to 8 of the present invention.

Furthermore, the film of Comparative Example 4 having a relatively high aperture ratio due to the narrow hole interval of 1 × 2 cm has a low daytime maximum ground temperature and a reduced ground temperature increasing effect. In samples 1 to 8, it was confirmed that the effect of increasing the ground temperature was maintained.

Further, the film of Comparative Example 4 described above
Although the film strength was reduced and the removability of the film was not good, no decrease in the film strength was observed in the multi-film samples 1 to 8 of the present invention.

[0058]

As described above, according to the present invention, the generation of weeds is suppressed, the effect of increasing the temperature of the soil is maintained, and the strength of the film is maintained, and at the same time, rainwater is uniformly poured on the ridge surface covered with the multi-film. Further, it is possible to provide an agricultural multi-film capable of making the inside of the cultivated soil more uniform and moist, and creating a good soil growth environment for roots.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an example of an agricultural multi-film of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing another example of the multi-film for agriculture of the present invention (view from the back side).

FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a ridge in a moisture penetration test on a ridge surface caused by rainfall.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Multi-film for agriculture 1a: Back surface 2: Micropore 3: Ridge 4: Water fountain 5: Hydrophilic coating

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) a plurality of micropores having a diameter of 0.05 to 1.50 mm;
An agricultural multi-film, wherein the distance between each of the micropores is 2 to 30 mm. 2. A multi-film back surface is provided with a hydrophilic coating film so as to cover said micropores.
The multi-film for agriculture described.