JPH10291852A - Ceramic composition hardenable at ordinary temperature - Google Patents
Ceramic composition hardenable at ordinary temperatureInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10291852A JPH10291852A JP11352697A JP11352697A JPH10291852A JP H10291852 A JPH10291852 A JP H10291852A JP 11352697 A JP11352697 A JP 11352697A JP 11352697 A JP11352697 A JP 11352697A JP H10291852 A JPH10291852 A JP H10291852A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- silicon dioxide
- weight
- ceramic
- water glass
- compsn
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
- C04B2111/00508—Cement paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00637—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as glue or binder for uniting building or structural materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、コンクリート体、
鋼材、鉄筋、PC鋼より線、PC鋼棒や建物の外壁下地
材など建築、土木構造物、材料に塗布して被覆材等とし
て使用する常温硬化型のセラミックに関する。The present invention relates to a concrete body,
The present invention relates to a room temperature hardening type ceramic which is applied to a building, a civil engineering structure, a material such as a steel material, a reinforcing bar, a PC steel strand, a PC steel rod, and a base material of an outer wall of a building to be used as a covering material.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】建築物の外壁被覆材として石張り、タイ
ル、金属パネル、セラミックパネルなどがある。タイル
やセラミックパネルは、耐熱性及び耐候性に優れ、外観
的にも優れており、建物の耐火性や耐久性を向上させる
ことができ、建築物の化粧材として利用されている。し
かし、タイルは、製造に1200℃以上の高温焼成を必
要とするため、通常、製造可能な大きさが最大で30c
m角程度であり、大きなものは製造が難しく、製造コス
トがかさむという欠点がある。2. Description of the Related Art As a material for covering an outer wall of a building, there are stone covering, tile, metal panel, ceramic panel and the like. Tile and ceramic panels are excellent in heat resistance, weather resistance, and appearance, can improve the fire resistance and durability of buildings, and are used as decorative materials for buildings. However, tiles require high-temperature firing at 1200 ° C. or more for production, so that the size that can be produced is usually up to 30 c.
It is of the order of m-square and has a drawback that it is difficult to manufacture a large one and the manufacturing cost increases.
【0003】本発明者は、常温硬化のセラミックとして
二酸化珪素、酸化カルシウム、酸化鉄、酸化チタン及び
水酸化アルミニウムを含む粉粒体と、これらに骨材とし
ての珪砂を加え、更に水ガラスを混合した混合物が焼成
を必要としないで常温で硬化し、セラミック体となるこ
と及びこの混合物が接着剤として利用できることを発見
した。The inventor of the present invention has proposed a powder which contains silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide and aluminum hydroxide as ceramics which are hardened at room temperature, silica sand as an aggregate thereto, and water glass. It has been discovered that the resulting mixture cures at room temperature without the need for firing, resulting in a ceramic body and that the mixture can be used as an adhesive.
【0004】また、高強度コンクリートが火災などで高
温に曝されると表面からコンクリートが剥離し、高速で
飛び出す爆裂現象がある。これを防止するためにコンク
リート表面に発泡性の断熱塗料を塗布する方法がある
が、塗料が発泡するため最終的な塗膜厚の制御が困難で
あり、必要な厚さより厚めに塗布せざるを得ず不経済で
あった。Further, when high-strength concrete is exposed to a high temperature due to a fire or the like, there is a bursting phenomenon in which the concrete peels off from the surface and pops out at a high speed. In order to prevent this, there is a method of applying a foaming heat-insulating paint to the concrete surface.However, since the paint foams, it is difficult to control the final coating film thickness, so it has to be applied thicker than necessary. It was uneconomical.
【0005】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、耐熱性、耐
候性にすぐれ、コンクリート構造物、鋼材等に塗布可能
であり、防錆塗料や接着剤としても使用することができ
る常温硬化セラミック組成物を提供するものである。特
に、コンクリート構造物の被覆材として使用すると、熱
に弱いコンクリートを保護し、火炎や高温にコンクリー
トが曝されたときにおきるコンクリートの爆裂を防止す
るものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a room-temperature-curable ceramic composition which has excellent heat resistance and weather resistance, can be applied to concrete structures, steel materials, etc., and can be used as a rust preventive paint or adhesive. It provides things. In particular, when used as a covering material for a concrete structure, it protects heat-sensitive concrete and prevents explosion of the concrete when the concrete is exposed to a flame or high temperature.
【0006】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の常温硬化セラミ
ック組成物は、二酸化珪素50〜60重量%、酸化アル
ミニウム(アルミナ)15〜25重量%、酸化カルシウ
ム10〜20重量%、酸化鉄3〜14重量%を含む組成
物である。この組成物に珪酸カリウム(水ガラス)を混
合し、この混練物をコンクリート構造物の表面に塗布す
ると、混合物は短時間で硬化し、コンクリート表面に耐
熱層を形成する。また、この組成物をコンクリート体の
接着剤として利用する。The cold-cured ceramic composition of the present invention comprises 50 to 60% by weight of silicon dioxide, 15 to 25% by weight of aluminum oxide (alumina), 10 to 20% by weight of calcium oxide, and 3 to 3% of iron oxide. The composition contains 14% by weight. When potassium silicate (water glass) is mixed with the composition and the kneaded material is applied to the surface of a concrete structure, the mixture hardens in a short time and forms a heat-resistant layer on the concrete surface. This composition is used as an adhesive for a concrete body.
【0007】二酸化珪素、酸化アルミニウム、酸化カル
シウム、酸化鉄を含む粉体に珪酸カリウム(水ガラス)
を混合すると二酸化珪素の粒子が水ガラスに溶解し、粒
子が更に細分化されるので表面積が増大し、酸化カルシ
ウムと反応しやすくなり、3CaO−SiO2の結晶が
急速に生成され、短時間に硬化するものと考えられる。
さらに、水酸化カルシウムを加えると、珪酸カリウム
(水ガラス)と反応し、3CaO−SiO2の結晶が生
成しやすくなるため硬化が促進されるものと考えられ
る。[0007] Potassium silicate (water glass) is added to powder containing silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, and iron oxide.
Is mixed, the particles of silicon dioxide dissolve in water glass, and the particles are further subdivided to increase the surface area, easily react with calcium oxide, and crystals of 3CaO—SiO 2 are rapidly generated, and in a short time, It is considered to be cured.
Further, it is considered that when calcium hydroxide is added, it reacts with potassium silicate (water glass) and 3CaO—SiO 2 crystals are easily generated, so that curing is promoted.
【0008】本発明の常温硬化セラミック組成物を硬化
させたセラミック体は、高い耐熱性と耐候性を持ち、耐
熱試験、それにウエザオメータによる3000時間の耐
候試験の何れについても何らの異常が認められない。ま
たその圧縮強度は100N/mm2以上であり、硬度は
モース硬度で4〜5を示し、建物の外壁被覆材などとし
て要求される特性を満足し、タイルと同等である。[0008] The ceramic body obtained by curing the room temperature-curable ceramic composition of the present invention has high heat resistance and weather resistance, and shows no abnormality in any of the heat test and the 3000 hour weather test using a weatherometer. . Further, its compressive strength is 100 N / mm 2 or more, and its hardness is 4 to 5 in Mohs' hardness, which satisfies the characteristics required for a building outer wall covering material and the like, and is equivalent to a tile.
【0009】また、本発明の常温硬化セラミック組成物
に細骨材を加えて常温で成形硬化させ、種々の成型品を
製作することができる。従って、1mを超える板体でも
容易に製造することが可能であり、カーテンウォールと
しても利用できる。Further, various aggregates can be produced by adding a fine aggregate to the room temperature-cured ceramic composition of the present invention and molding and hardening at room temperature. Therefore, a plate body exceeding 1 m can be easily manufactured, and can be used as a curtain wall.
【0010】[0010]
実施例1 Example 1
【表1】 [Table 1]
【0011】表1に示す混合物をハンドミキサーを使用
し、500rpmで3分間攪拌し、φ5×10cmのモ
ールドに充填して成形した。材令7日の物性値を表2に
示す。Using a hand mixer, the mixture shown in Table 1 was stirred at 500 rpm for 3 minutes, and filled in a φ5 × 10 cm mold to form a mixture. Table 2 shows the physical property values of the material age 7 days.
【表2】 [Table 2]
【0012】実施例2 混合物を構成する材料を表3に示す。Example 2 Table 3 shows the materials constituting the mixture.
【表3】 [Table 3]
【0013】表3の混合物をハンドミキサーを使用し、
500rpmで3分間攪拌し、φ5×10cmのモール
ドに充填して成形した。材令7日の物性値を表4に示
す。[0013] The mixture of Table 3 was
The mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for 3 minutes, filled into a mold of φ5 × 10 cm, and molded. Table 4 shows the physical property values of the 7th grade.
【表4】 [Table 4]
【0014】[0014]
【発明の効果】本発明の常温硬化セラミック組成物を硬
化させたセラミック体は、前記の優れた物性を有してお
り、高い耐熱性と耐候性を利用して、コンクリート体に
塗布することによりコンクリートの爆裂防止に利用でき
る。硬化体の硬度はモース硬度で4〜5を示すので建物
の外壁被覆材として利用することができる。鉄筋、鋼
棒、鋼板などの鋼材に塗布することにより、防錆材とし
て利用することができる。The ceramic body obtained by curing the room temperature-curable ceramic composition of the present invention has the above-mentioned excellent physical properties, and is applied to a concrete body by utilizing high heat resistance and weather resistance. It can be used to prevent explosion of concrete. Since the hardness of the cured product is 4 to 5 in Mohs hardness, it can be used as a building outer wall covering material. It can be used as a rust preventive by applying to steel materials such as steel bars, steel bars, and steel plates.
【0015】鋼板の両面に塗布することにより、芯が鋼
板であるパネルとすることも可能である。また、常温で
硬化することから、コンクリート部材などを接着する接
着剤としても使用することができる。以上のように本発
明の応用分野は多岐にわたる。By applying the composition to both sides of a steel plate, it is possible to form a panel whose core is a steel plate. Further, since it cures at room temperature, it can be used as an adhesive for bonding concrete members and the like. As described above, the application fields of the present invention are various.
Claims (9)
ミニウム15〜25重量%、酸化カルシウム10〜20
重量%、酸化鉄3〜14重量%を含む常温硬化セラミッ
ク組成物。1. 50 to 60% by weight of silicon dioxide, 15 to 25% by weight of aluminum oxide, 10 to 20% of calcium oxide
A cold-hardened ceramic composition containing 3% to 14% by weight of iron oxide.
0.1〜lμmの粉末である常温硬化セラミック組成
物。2. The cold-setting ceramic composition according to claim 1, wherein the silicon dioxide is a powder having a particle size of 0.1 to 1 μm.
酸塩35〜45重量部とからなる常温硬化型セラミック
組成物。3. A cold-setting ceramic composition comprising 100 parts by weight of the composition according to claim 1 and 35 to 45 parts by weight of a silicate.
ウム、珪酸カリウムまたは珪酸リチウムの水ガラスのい
ずれか、または混合物である常温硬化型セラミック組成
物。4. The cold-setting ceramic composition according to claim 3, wherein the silicate is any of sodium silicate, potassium silicate or lithium silicate water glass, or a mixture thereof.
ム0.1〜0.8重量部を添加した常温硬化型セラミッ
ク組成物。5. A cold-setting ceramic composition comprising 0.1 to 0.8 parts by weight of calcium hydroxide added to the composition of claim 3 or 4.
硬化させたセラミック成形体。8. A ceramic molded article obtained by adding a fine aggregate to the composition according to claim 3 and curing the composition.
セラミック成形体。9. The ceramic molding according to claim 8, wherein the fine aggregate is quartz sand.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP11352697A JP3184476B2 (en) | 1997-04-15 | 1997-04-15 | Concrete explosion prevention material and concrete explosion prevention method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP11352697A JP3184476B2 (en) | 1997-04-15 | 1997-04-15 | Concrete explosion prevention material and concrete explosion prevention method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH10291852A true JPH10291852A (en) | 1998-11-04 |
JP3184476B2 JP3184476B2 (en) | 2001-07-09 |
Family
ID=14614577
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP11352697A Expired - Fee Related JP3184476B2 (en) | 1997-04-15 | 1997-04-15 | Concrete explosion prevention material and concrete explosion prevention method |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP3184476B2 (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6211103B1 (en) | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-03 | Minerals Technologies Inc. | Synthetic silicate pellet compositions |
US6271159B1 (en) | 1996-09-03 | 2001-08-07 | Minerals Technologies Inc. | Method of producing synthetic silicates and use thereof in glass production |
US6287997B1 (en) | 1996-09-03 | 2001-09-11 | Minerals Technologies Inc. | Method of producing synthetic silicates and use thereof in glass production |
US6336346B2 (en) | 1999-10-12 | 2002-01-08 | Minerals Technologies Inc. | Synthetic silicate pellet composition and methods of making and using thereof |
US6531421B2 (en) | 2001-06-11 | 2003-03-11 | Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. | Method of reducing the amount of lithium in glass production |
KR100436120B1 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2004-06-14 | 유성권 | High speed hardening cement composition |
WO2006075805A1 (en) * | 2005-01-17 | 2006-07-20 | Yasutalou Fujii | Inorganic adhesive composition to be mixed before using |
US7383699B2 (en) | 2001-12-27 | 2008-06-10 | Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. | Method of manufacturing glass and compositions therefore |
US7803730B2 (en) | 2004-04-27 | 2010-09-28 | Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. | Method of manufacturing glass and compositions thereof |
JP2013537163A (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2013-09-30 | コンストラクション リサーチ アンド テクノロジー ゲーエムベーハー | Use of compounds containing aluminum oxide and silicon oxide to produce hydrophilic building materials |
KR20190035032A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-04-03 | 배경호 | Composition for room temperature formable ceramic thermal insulation panel, room temperature formable ceramic thermal insulation panel formed therefrom, and preparing method thereof |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101039118B1 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2011-06-07 | 금호이엔씨 주식회사 | A concrete reinforcing composition and a finishing method of concrete floor using the same |
-
1997
- 1997-04-15 JP JP11352697A patent/JP3184476B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6271159B1 (en) | 1996-09-03 | 2001-08-07 | Minerals Technologies Inc. | Method of producing synthetic silicates and use thereof in glass production |
US6287997B1 (en) | 1996-09-03 | 2001-09-11 | Minerals Technologies Inc. | Method of producing synthetic silicates and use thereof in glass production |
US6287378B1 (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 2001-09-11 | Minerals Technologies, Inc. | Method of producing synthetic silicates and use thereof in glass production |
US6211103B1 (en) | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-03 | Minerals Technologies Inc. | Synthetic silicate pellet compositions |
US6336346B2 (en) | 1999-10-12 | 2002-01-08 | Minerals Technologies Inc. | Synthetic silicate pellet composition and methods of making and using thereof |
US6531421B2 (en) | 2001-06-11 | 2003-03-11 | Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. | Method of reducing the amount of lithium in glass production |
KR100436120B1 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2004-06-14 | 유성권 | High speed hardening cement composition |
US7383699B2 (en) | 2001-12-27 | 2008-06-10 | Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. | Method of manufacturing glass and compositions therefore |
US7803730B2 (en) | 2004-04-27 | 2010-09-28 | Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. | Method of manufacturing glass and compositions thereof |
WO2006075805A1 (en) * | 2005-01-17 | 2006-07-20 | Yasutalou Fujii | Inorganic adhesive composition to be mixed before using |
JP2013537163A (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2013-09-30 | コンストラクション リサーチ アンド テクノロジー ゲーエムベーハー | Use of compounds containing aluminum oxide and silicon oxide to produce hydrophilic building materials |
KR20190035032A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-04-03 | 배경호 | Composition for room temperature formable ceramic thermal insulation panel, room temperature formable ceramic thermal insulation panel formed therefrom, and preparing method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3184476B2 (en) | 2001-07-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3245171B1 (en) | Method for making concrete compositions | |
JP2008502572A (en) | Composition and use of a new sprayable phosphate cement combined with styrofoam. | |
JPH10291852A (en) | Ceramic composition hardenable at ordinary temperature | |
KR960700976A (en) | Cement type kneaded molded article having high bending strength and compressive strength, and method of production | |
US20220267212A1 (en) | Inorganic polymers and use thereof in composite materials | |
JP2004003285A (en) | Fireproof segment for tunnel, and its manufacturing method | |
JP2000226248A (en) | Building material and its manufacture | |
KR100857510B1 (en) | Artificial aggregate composition for enhancing fire-resistance of high-strength concretes, method for producing the same and concrete compositions using the same | |
JPS5838375B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of hardened cement | |
JPH0765354B2 (en) | Steel frame fireproof coating method | |
WO2000023396A1 (en) | An alkali and acid resistant composition and use thereof | |
JPS62179903A (en) | Manufacture of high-strength glass fiber reinforced cement cured body | |
JP2617619B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of glazed cement products | |
JP3009279U (en) | Lightweight stone tile | |
JP2884470B2 (en) | Composition, material, and member having heat resistance, heat insulation, and corrosion resistance | |
JPS602266B2 (en) | cement composition | |
JP3015858U (en) | Foam ceramic tiles | |
JPS6317038A (en) | Composite heat-insulating board material for building | |
JPS5939753A (en) | Foamable refractory coating material method | |
JP2000226250A (en) | Inorganic molded article and its production and binding of inorganic material | |
OA20574A (en) | Inorganic polymers and use thereof in composite materials. | |
JPH06211557A (en) | Hardenable inorganic composition | |
JPH0412075A (en) | Ceramic coating lightweight foam calcium silicate composite sheet | |
KR100395978B1 (en) | Compositions, materials and members having heat resistance, heat resistance and corrosion resistance | |
JPH1149552A (en) | Hardenable composition and its hardened body |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090427 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090427 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100427 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100427 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110427 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120427 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130427 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140427 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |