JPH10286559A - Solar distillation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily assemble a solar distillation apparatus and make the apparatus able to be folded and movable by forming an apex face shape of a conical body having a specified inclination angle by extension or a transversely laid triangular prism or a partly cut body of the triangular prism, bending the bottom rim part upward in the inside, and pushing and fixing the resultant body in half-divided pipes made of synthetic resin and having approximately the same inner face shape as that of the bottom rim part. SOLUTION: A panel member 2 made of synthetic resin forms an apex face shape of a conical body having at least 10 degree inclination angle or a transversely laid triangular prism or a partly cut body of the triangular prism when it is extended on a circumferential wall 11 of a water tank. Further, the bottom rim part of the member is folded upward in the inside to form a circumferential groove 21 and the groove 21 is communicated with a taking out mechanism 50 in the outside of this distillation apparatus through a pipe. In order to air-tightly join the panel member 2 made of synthetic resin and a water tank 10, the circumferential groove 21 is pushed and fixed in the inner face of a half-divided pipe 30 made of synthetic resin and having approximately same shape with that of the groove 21. Assembling and disassembling work of the apparatus is made easy by making such a structure and the apparatus is enabled to be folded and moved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar distillation apparatus. In particular, it is suitable for obtaining fresh water for drinking water from raw water such as seawater, polluted water, rainwater, etc., in areas where fresh water is difficult to obtain, such as remote islands and desert areas. It is related.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A solar distillation apparatus that uses seawater, polluted water, rainwater, and the like as raw materials, evaporates water using solar heat, and collects condensed water on a transparent glass surface or film surface has already been commercialized. Have been. Since the energy source for distillation of this device is solar heat, it is expected to save valuable fossil fuels and electric power.

[0003]

However, many of the currently used devices have a fixed and sturdy structure so as to be sealed and increase the efficiency of desalination and to withstand long-term use. At present, construction costs are high and desalination costs are high, so they are not widely used. On the other hand, in desert areas where it is difficult to obtain high-quality fresh water, there is an increasing demand for a device that is inexpensive, easy to assemble, and that can be folded and relocated because it can be small-scale. In addition, even in Japan, when living water is short due to a long-term water supply restriction or the like, a simple device that can use rainwater or recycled water is desired.

[0004]

The inventor of the present invention has conducted various studies to solve the above-mentioned problems and to meet the demands. As a result, the present inventor has developed a portable, easy-to-assemble and replaceable, inexpensive solar thermal distillation apparatus. Devised. That is, the gist of the present invention is to provide a water tank containing raw material water to be distilled and a solar tank including a synthetic resin surface material for airtightly covering the water tank, collecting sunlight, and condensing evaporated water. In the distillation apparatus, a) the face material has a top surface shape of a cone or a horizontal triangular prism having an inclination angle of at least 10 ° or a triangular prism or a partially cut body thereof when extended on the peripheral wall of the water tank. Formed, and its bottom edge is bent inward and upward to form a peripheral groove,
Further, b) the solar heat distillation apparatus is characterized in that the peripheral groove of the face material is pressed and fixed to the inner surface of a synthetic resin half-pipe having substantially the same inner shape.

[0005]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a conceptual sectional view of a solar distillation apparatus and the like, and FIG. 2 is a developed view of a synthetic resin surface material. In the figure, 10 is a water tank, 11 is a peripheral wall portion, 19 is a heat insulating mat, 20 is a synthetic resin surface material, 21 is a peripheral groove, 22 is an inclined surface portion, 23 is a side surface portion, 24 is a bending white, and 29 is an opening. Reference numeral 30 denotes a half-pipe pipe made of a synthetic resin, 40 denotes a pressing and fixing means, and 50 denotes a distilled water extracting mechanism.

[0006] The solar distillation apparatus of the present invention basically comprises
It comprises a water tank (10) containing water to be distilled, and a synthetic resin surface material (20) for airtightly covering the water tank, collecting sunlight, and condensing evaporated water.

[0007] However, the water tank (10) is not particularly limited as long as it can contain water to be distilled. That is,
The material may be any of wood, metal, and synthetic resin. Further, it may be formed in the form of a water tank in advance, or air may be pressed into a hollow body made of a synthetic resin sheet or film and inflated to form at least a peripheral wall portion (11), as in a children's pool. It may be in the form of an aquarium. In addition, from the viewpoint of portability, it is preferable that it be foldable as in the latter case. Of course, if portability is not required, the aquarium (10) may be a fixed structure on the ground of the installation.

The water tank (10) is provided on the bottom of the water tank with a heat-insulating mat (10) so that solar heat for evaporating water is not lost due to heat transfer or the like during the distillation operation and distillation efficiency is reduced. 19) is preferably laid or bonded. In particular, when only the peripheral wall (11) of the water tank is hollow and the bottom surface is a synthetic resin sheet or film, as in a children's pool, the use of this heat-insulating mat is effective. As a material of the mat (19), a synthetic resin foam is usually used, but the material is not limited to this. It is also effective to color the bottom of the water tank (10) or the surface of the mat (19) black in order to increase the absorption of solar heat and increase the temperature of the raw water in the water tank.

On the other hand, the synthetic resin face material (20) is selected from various materials commonly used for this purpose.
Specific examples include those having sufficient transparency, weather resistance, and strength, such as a vinyl chloride resin, a polyolefin resin, and a polyester resin. When the face material (20) becomes cloudy during the condensation, the entry of sunlight is hindered. When the face material (20) has poor wettability, water droplets that have been agglomerated fall into the original water tank (10). Also, since the efficiency of distillation is reduced, it is important that the inner surface of the synthetic resin facing has antifogging properties, for example, when used as a composition containing an appropriate antifogging material.

When the synthetic resin facing material (20) is extended on the peripheral wall portion (11) of the water tank, it is at least 10 °.
It is necessary to form the top surface of a cone having a slant angle or a horizontal triangular prism or a partially cut body thereof, for example, a roof roof shape. Here, the inclination angle refers to the face material (20).
Is the angle that the vertical cross section forms with the horizontal line, and if this angle of inclination is too small, as in the case where the surface material is poorly wettable,
Before the condensed water flows down the surface of the face material (20) and is collected, it falls as water droplets into the water tank (10), and the distillation efficiency deteriorates. Needless to say, the face material (20) can be manufactured by cutting out a required shape from the film or sheet of the synthetic resin material and fusing or bonding a predetermined joint portion. , Can also be folded.
At the time of this joining, a part of the cut-out film or sheet may be configured to protrude outside from the top surface of the spread face material. In this way, a member for fixing, such as a handle described later, can be attached to the protruded portion. In addition, if necessary,
An opening that can be opened and closed may be provided in a part of the face material (20) for the convenience of maintenance or installation.

Further, in the present invention, the bottom edge of the synthetic resin facing material (20) is bent inward and upward to form a peripheral groove (21). Since this peripheral groove (21) is designed as a collecting groove for distilled water, the edge of the folded face material needs to be high enough to hold distilled water, and To remove the peripheral groove (21)
An opening is provided at a required portion of the apparatus, and the opening communicates with a distilled water extracting mechanism (50) outside the distillation apparatus through an appropriate pipe or the like.

Further, in the present invention, the synthetic resin surface material (20) and the water tank (10) configured as described above are airtightly connected to each other by the synthetic resin half pipe (30). . For this purpose, the half pipe-shaped body (30) has substantially the same inner surface shape as the peripheral groove (21) of the above-mentioned face material, and it is necessary that the peripheral groove is pressed and fixed to the inner surface. . The pressing and fixing means (40) can be appropriately selected. For example, a coil-like body having substantially the same diameter as the inner diameter of the half pipe-like body (30) can be used. Alternatively, a lever utilizing the restoring force of a spring, such as a pressing portion, may be used. In any case, it is possible to sufficiently counter the wind pressure applied to the synthetic resin surface material (20) during strong winds,
There is no particular limitation as long as the fixing means does not hinder the flow of the outflow water in the peripheral groove. In addition, this half-pipe shape (3
The cross-sectional shape of 0) is not limited to a circle, and may be a polygon or an ellipse.
The angle is not limited to 180 °, and may be less than 180 °, or may be more than 180 ° in some cases.

Further, the bottom surface of the half pipe-shaped body (30) must have a shape capable of making airtight contact with the peripheral wall portion (11) of the water tank. It is important that a plurality of divided bodies are used instead of a single continuous half-pipe-shaped body that can be placed on the peripheral wall. For example, a half-pipe body (30)
As shown in the figure, it is preferable to provide a ridge on the bottom surface so as to be fitted with a groove provided on the top of the peripheral wall portion (11) of the water tank, since the stability of airtightness against roll can be ensured. On the other hand, it is preferable that at least the top of the peripheral wall portion (11) of the water tank is a rigid body having sufficient strength so as to securely attach the half pipe-shaped body (30). When the half pipe-shaped body (30) is formed into a divided body, it is also preferable to form the divided body into a shape that allows the divided bodies to be fitted to each other in order to ensure reliability during assembly.

Further, when installing the solar distillation apparatus of the present invention, in order to easily and surely deploy the synthetic resin surface material (20), the surface material (2) is set from the bottom of the water tank (10).
A strut leading to the top of 0) can also be provided. Further, a member for fixing such as a handle, which is attached to one or both of the half pipe-shaped body (30) for fixing the face material (20) or its peripheral groove and the water tank (10), may be appropriately used. It is also possible to fix it with a proper stay and prepare it so that it can sufficiently withstand the wind pressure during strong winds during the distillation operation.

[0015]

EXAMPLE From a 150 μm thick polyester resin film (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical MKV, product name “Sixlight Clean Muteki”), a top surface of a horizontal triangular prism having a bottom area of 1 m ² and a tilt angle of 15 ° is formed. The face material (20) was cut out. At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, the shape of the face material (20) to be cut out includes two rectangular inclined surface portions (22) and two isosceles triangular side surfaces (23) to be adjacent thereto. And bending ridges (24) and joints (25), (26) to form a peripheral groove (21), respectively.
Is extended. Further, a bending line indicated by a broken line in the figure was formed on a required portion of the face material.

First, the cut surface material is bent outward at the top joint portion (25) extending to the two inclined surface portions (22), and is joined so that the inner surfaces thereof are in contact with each other, and are joined at predetermined portions (FIG. Joining is performed by fixing using a joining member (bolt, hook, or eyelet) at the middle and circle marks).
Next, the side joint portion (26) extending to the inclined surface portion (22) and the side surface portion (23) is bent inward, and the two are joined together so that their outer surfaces are in contact with each other at a predetermined portion (circled in the figure). (Marked portions) and fixed by a joining member (bolt, hook or eyelet) to form a horizontal triangular prism-shaped top surface shape. At the time of joining the top joint (25) or the side joint (26), an auxiliary member (not shown) having a U-shaped cross section is attached from above the two joined joints to the entire length of the joint. The joining member was fixed by penetrating the joining portion from above the auxiliary member.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned four bending shiro (24)
Is bent inward and upward to form a peripheral groove (21), and the coil-shaped body is pressed and fixed to the inner surface of a hard vinyl chloride resin half-pipe (30) having a diameter of 60 mm and a thickness of 2.5 mm. It was fixed by means (40). In addition, both side ends of the bending sill (24) are bent inward along a fold line shown in the drawing, if necessary, to allow the bending sill (24) of the adjacent inclined surface part (22) and that of the side part (23) to be folded. The outer surfaces may be erected so as to be in contact with each other, and an auxiliary member (not shown) having a U-shaped cross section may be placed over the upright portion and sandwiched. The half pipe-shaped body (30) was made into eight divided bodies. That is, four elbow-shaped members were arranged at the four corners, four straight tubular members were arranged between them, and these divided bodies were fixed by fitting. An opening is provided in two of the straight tubular divided bodies, and an opening (29) is also provided in a peripheral groove (21) of the face material which comes into contact with the opening, and a PVC-based thermoplastic elastomer penetrating these openings A drainage pipe was attached, and the pipe was connected to a distilled water take-out mechanism (50).

On the other hand, a water tank (10) on which the face material (20) is to be mounted and fixed is made of stainless steel having an inner volume of 0.3 m ³ , and the outer wall and bottom of the water tank (10) are made of expanded styrene. It was kept warm by the board heat insulating material (19). This water tank (10)
The peripheral wall (11) is provided with a groove at the top thereof for fitting with a ridge provided on the bottom surface of the half-pipe body (30), and a lower portion of the peripheral wall (11). A raw water supply port was provided.

Such a solar thermal distillation apparatus is installed outdoors, and the replenishment of the raw water is continued while keeping the level of the raw water contained in the water tank (10) at 100 mm from the bottom.
Distillation was performed for 0 days, and the following results were obtained. Average solar radiation about 4000 kcal / m ² · day Average water sampling about 2.5 L / m ² · day The highest performance per day was as follows. Maximum solar radiation about 5500 kcal / m ² · day Maximum water intake 4.0 L / m ² · day

[0020]

The solar thermal distillation apparatus of the present invention is not only easy to assemble and disassemble, but also is easy to replace and fold when the synthetic resin surface material is deteriorated or damaged due to long-term use. Because it is, it is also excellent in portability.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual sectional view of a solar distillation apparatus and the like.

FIG. 2 is a development view of a synthetic resin surface material.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Water tank 11 Peripheral wall part 19 Heat insulation mat 20 Synthetic resin surface material 21 Peripheral groove 22 Sloped surface part 23 Side surface part 24 Folding white 25 Top joint part 26 Side joint part 29 Opening part 30 Synthetic resin half pipe 40 Press fixing means 50 Distilled water take-out mechanism

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A solar thermal distillation apparatus comprising a water tank containing raw water to be distilled and a synthetic resin surface material for covering the airtightly, collecting sunlight, and condensing the evaporated water, comprising: a) The surface material, when extended on the peripheral wall portion of the water tank, forms a top surface of a cone or a horizontal triangular prism having a tilt angle of at least 10 ° or a partially cut body thereof, and a bottom surface thereof. The edge is bent inward and upward to form a peripheral groove,
Also, b) a solar distillation apparatus characterized in that the peripheral groove of the face material is pressed and fixed to the inner surface of a synthetic resin half-pipe having substantially the same inner surface shape. 2. A solar distillation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said peripheral groove communicates with a distilled water extracting mechanism. 3. The half-pipe body according to claim 1, wherein said half-pipe body is constituted by a plurality of divided bodies which can be in air-tight contact with a peripheral wall of said water tank at a bottom surface thereof. Solar thermal distillation equipment. 4. The pressurizing device according to claim 1, wherein the pressing of the inner surface of the half pipe is performed by pressing and fixing means.
3. The solar distillation apparatus according to 3. 5. The solar thermal distillation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic resin constituting the face material is a kind selected from the group consisting of a vinyl chloride resin, a polyolefin resin and a polyester resin. 6. The solar thermal distillation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an inner surface of the synthetic resin facing has an antifogging property. 7. The solar distillation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said water tank is formed of a synthetic resin hollow body having at least a peripheral wall formed by press-in of air.