JPH102814A - Device for measuring through resistance force of sheet material, and method for measuring through resistance force of sheet material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform a through test under the same environment as the actual environment by providing a sample environment setting means for setting and keeping sample environments including temperature of sample, humidity, stress, moving speed of pressing member to the sample, and form of pressing member. SOLUTION: A controller 41 receives the temperature measured signal of a sample T from a temperature sensor 45, and transmits a temperature control signal to a temperature regulating device 46 to keep the sample T at a prescribed set temperature. The sample T is dipped in distilled water W within a vessel 12 and dried by a blower, and a through test is performed while measuring the humidity by a humidity sensor 44. When the sample T is fixed by rollers 13a, 13b, a tensile force in the direction of connecting the rollers 13a, 13b to the sample is imparted on a holding base 11. The controller 41 transmits a speed control signal to the motor 31 of a driving part 3 to keep the approaching speed of a pressing member 21a to the sample T at a prescribed set speed. Various pressing members 21a can be installed to a load cell 23 through a holder 22, and the difference in shape of tapered part of an object to be pressed can be realized.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring a penetration resistance when a pressing member is pressed and penetrated into a sheet material, and to measure a penetration resistance when the pressing member is pressed and penetrated through a sheet material. It is about the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in railways, roads, harbors, waste disposal sites, and the like, non-woven fabrics, canvas, rubber, synthetic resins, etc. have been used for the purpose of waterproofing, impermeable, grass-proofing, and reinforcement of soil structures. And a sheet called "geomembrane" or "geosynthetics" was used. Such a sheet member is required to have a strength (penetration resistance) that does not easily penetrate even if it comes into contact with a ridge or the like of a crushed stone when the sheet is used, for example, in order to perform the above-described functions such as water stoppage. For this reason, various devices have been considered as devices for measuring a force (penetration resistance force) when a sharp member or the like is pressed against a sheet and penetrates the sheet.

[0003] For example, a needle-like member is approached from a substantially perpendicular direction to a sheet sample developed and held in a substantially planar shape, pressed against the sheet sample, and the force received by the needle-like member when penetrating is measured. A known method is known (see Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-26981).

[0004]

In the above-mentioned conventional apparatus for measuring the penetration resistance of a sheet material, a test was conducted in a dry room temperature state. However, the above-mentioned geomembrane is often placed on or in the soil of a natural environment, or buried in the soil in a stretched state, and the sheet is wet, and the range of the temperature state is also limited. There is a case where stress acts on the sheet widely from a low temperature range to a high temperature range.
Therefore, in order to accurately evaluate the penetration resistance of the sheet material, the test should be performed in a state similar to the environment in which the sheet is actually used. Could not be realized.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a sheet material which can be subjected to a penetration test under an environment similar to an actual use environment. It is an object of the present invention to provide a penetration resistance measuring device and method.

[0006]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an apparatus for measuring the penetration resistance of a sheet material according to the present invention comprises:
For a sample made of a sheet material and held in a substantially planar state and held, a pressing member driving means for moving a pressing member close to and moving from a direction substantially perpendicular to the substantially flat surface to press and penetrate, and at the time of the pressing and at the time of the penetration A force measuring means for measuring a penetration resistance force that is a force acting between the sample and the pressing member, and a temperature state of the sample, or a humidity state of the sample, or a stress state of the sample, or the stress state of the sample; A sample environment setting means for setting and maintaining a moving speed of the pressing member or a sample environment including the shape of the pressing member is provided.

In the above, preferably, the sample environment setting means includes a heating / cooling means for heating or cooling the sample, a temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the sample, and the sample input from the temperature measuring means. Temperature control means for controlling the heating and cooling means based on the temperature of the sample and maintaining the temperature of the sample at a set temperature.

In the above, preferably, the sample environment setting means has a container for holding a liquid and infiltrating the sample with the liquid to maintain the sample in a wet state.

In the above, preferably, the sample environment setting means has a pulling means for applying a pulling force to the sample in an arbitrary direction within the substantially plane.

Further, in the above, preferably, the sample environment setting means has a speed control means for controlling the pressing member driving means to maintain the speed of the approach movement at a set speed.

In the above, preferably, the pressing member is a rod-shaped member having two arc-shaped pressing surfaces or blades which are substantially axially symmetric and substantially opposed to each other at the tip, and two linear pressing members which are substantially parallel to the tip. A rod-shaped member having a surface or a blade, a rod-shaped member having a substantially straight pressing surface or blade at the tip, a rod-shaped member having a substantially conical or substantially truncated cone-shaped pressing surface at the tip, and a substantially convex curved pressing surface at the tip And a rod-shaped member having a substantially cylindrical pressing surface at the tip, and the sample environment setting means can selectively mount the pressing member and the pressing member. It has a pressing member mounting means.

In the above, preferably, the sample driving means for moving the sample in an arbitrary direction within the substantially plane, and the sample driving means for stopping the movement of the sample at a predetermined position after the movement of the sample. And a penetrating control means for controlling the means and controlling the pressing member driving means so as to perform the approach movement, the pressing and the penetrating of the pressing member after the sample is stopped.

[0013] In the above, preferably, the penetration resistance force input from the force measurement means is monitored, and the penetration state of the pressing member into the sample is determined based on a state of the penetration resistance force with time. It has a penetration state monitoring means for determining.

Further, according to the method for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material according to the present invention, a pressing member is approached from a direction substantially perpendicular to the substantially flat surface to a sample made of the sheet material and developed and held in a substantially planar state. In the method for measuring the penetration resistance of a sheet material for measuring a penetration resistance, which is a force acting between the sample and the pressing member at the time of the pressing and the penetration, the temperature state of the sample, Or the humidity state of the sample, or the stress state of the sample, or the moving speed of the pressing member with respect to the sample, or the sample environment including the shape of the pressing member is set to a predetermined environment while maintaining the penetration resistance force It is characterized in that measurement is performed.

In the above, preferably, the temperature of the sample is measured, and based on the measured temperature of the sample, the sample is heated or cooled to maintain the temperature of the sample at a predetermined temperature.

In the above, preferably, the sample is maintained in a wet state by infiltrating a liquid into the sample.

Further, in the above, preferably, a tensile force is applied to the sample in an arbitrary direction within the substantially plane.

Further, in the above, preferably, the speed of the approaching movement of the pressing member is maintained at a predetermined value.

In the above, preferably, the pressing member is a rod-shaped member having two arc-shaped pressing surfaces or blades which are substantially axially symmetric and substantially opposed to each other at the tip, and two linear pressing members which are substantially parallel to the tip. A rod-shaped member having a surface or a blade, a rod-shaped member having a substantially straight pressing surface or blade at the tip, a rod-shaped member having a substantially conical or substantially truncated cone-shaped pressing surface at the tip, and a substantially convex curved pressing surface at the tip And a rod-shaped member having a substantially cylindrical pressing surface at the tip.

In the above, preferably, the sample is moved in an arbitrary direction within the substantially plane, and the sample is stopped at a predetermined position after the sample is moved.
After the sample is stopped, the pressing member is moved closer, pressed, and penetrated.

In the above, preferably, the penetration resistance is monitored, and a penetration state of the pressing member into the sample is determined based on a state of the penetration resistance with time.

[0022]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the entire configuration of a sheet material penetration resistance measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the drawing, the penetration resistance measuring device 100 includes a sample holding unit 1, a measuring unit 2, a driving unit 3, and a control unit 4.

The sample holder 1 includes a holder 11 and a container 12.
, Rollers 13a, 13b, lid 14, cover 15
, A discharge plug 16 and a clip 17.

The holding table 11 holds a sample T made of a sheet material.
Is developed and held in a substantially planar state. At a substantially center of the holding table 11, a hole 11H is provided for receiving and housing the tip when a pressing member 21a described later penetrates the sample T.

The rollers 13a and 13b are provided with grooves (not shown) for engaging the ends of the sample T, and the ends of the sample T are fixed by fixtures (not shown). The sample T is pressed so as not to move when the pressing member 21a described later penetrates.

The container 12 is a box-shaped member having an open upper part, and has a configuration in which the holding table 11 and the rollers 13a and 13b can be stored, and a liquid can be stored therein. At the lower part of the container 12, a discharge plug 16 for discharging the stored liquid is provided. Also, the container 12
It is made of a heat insulating material, and has a structure that does not allow heat from the outside to enter or internal heat to escape.

The lid 14 has a structure that can be attached to and detached from the upper portion of the container 12, and has a heat insulating structure similar to that of the container 12. An opening 14H is provided at substantially the center of the lid 14,
At the time of the penetration test, the pressing member 21a described later is connected to the opening 14H.
And descends toward the sample T. A cover 15 formed in a bellows shape with a flexible material such as rubber is attached to the opening 14.
To prevent heat from entering or escaping. Cover 1
5 is fitted to a pressing member 21a described later by a clip 17 having elasticity.

The measuring section 2 includes a pressing member 21a and a holder 2
2 and a load cell 23.

The pressing member 21a is a substantially rod-shaped member.
As shown in FIGS. 2 (A) and 2 (B), the distal end thereof has two arc-shaped blades which are substantially axially symmetric and substantially opposed to each other. Then, the sample T is pressed and penetrated. At the rear of the pressing member 21a,
A male screw for mounting to a holder 22 described later is formed.

The load cell 23 is a measuring instrument that outputs a value as an electric signal when it receives a force, and is attached to an attachment plate 38 of the drive unit 4 described later by a fastener such as the attachment bolt 24. The force acting between the sample T and the pressing member 21a when the pressing member 21a is pressed against the sample T and when the pressing member 21a is penetrated (hereinafter, referred to as “penetration resistance”) is measured by the load cell 23. . Here, the load cell 23 corresponds to a force measuring unit. At the lower part of the load cell 23, there is provided a projecting portion 23M on which a male screw for mounting to a holder 22 described later is formed.

The holder 22 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and has a female screw formed on the inner wall.
3M and the rear end of the pressing member 21a can be joined by screwing. The holder 22 corresponds to a pressing member mounting unit.

The driving unit 3 includes a motor 31 and a pulley 32
Rotating body 33, driving belt 34, elevating shaft 35,
It has a bearing 36 and a mounting plate 38.

The motor 31 is a rotary drive source, and performs rotary drive by a power supply supplied from a power supply terminal 49 described later. The pulley 32 is attached to a shaft of the motor 31 and drives a drive belt 34.

The rotating body 33 is a substantially cylindrical member, and a pulley portion 33P, which is a concave portion for accommodating the driving belt 34, and a concave portion for accommodating the bearing 36 are formed on the outside thereof. . The bearing 36 is an arm part 37 which is a fixed part of the penetration resistance measuring device 100.
Is supported by a concave portion provided in the rim. A female screw is formed inside the rotating body 33. On the other hand, the elevating shaft 35 is a columnar member, on the outside of which a male screw is formed.
It is configured to be screwed with a female screw inside.

At the lower end of the elevating shaft 35, a mounting plate 38 is provided.
Is attached. The mounting plate 38 is provided with a guide member (not shown) for guiding when moving in the vertical direction, and is provided on the arm portion 37 or the like which is a fixed portion of the penetration resistance measuring device 100. It is fitted to a guide rail or the like (not shown).

With the above configuration, when the motor 31 is rotated, the rotational motion is caused by the drive belt 34 to rotate the rotating body 3.
3, and the rotating body 33 rotates with respect to the fixed arm portion 37. The elevating shaft 35 is lowered or raised by the rotation of the rotating body 33. At this time, a co-rotation of the elevating shaft 35 is prevented by a guide member (not shown) or the like. By such driving, the pressing member 21a can be moved close to, pressed, and penetrated from a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface on which the sample T has been developed. In this case, the driving unit 3 corresponds to a pressing member driving unit.

The control unit 4 includes a controller 41, a display 42, an operation panel 43, a humidity sensor 44, a temperature sensor 45, a temperature adjusting device 46, an input terminal 47, an output terminal 48, a power supply terminal. 49.

The controller 41 is composed of a microcomputer or the like, and controls each part of the device 100, for example, the rotation speed of the motor 31, the set temperature of a temperature adjusting device 46 described later, and the like. In addition, this controller 41 includes:
Power is supplied from a power supply terminal 49 and sent to each unit of the device 100. In addition to controlling the apparatus 100 in response to an operation command from the operation panel 43, the apparatus 100 receives a command from an external host computer or the like from the input terminal 47, and
Control each part of In addition, receiving a measurement signal from the load cell 23, a sensor or the like described below, and performing a predetermined arithmetic process,
In addition to displaying on the display 42 or the like, the data can be output from the output terminal 48 to an external device.

The humidity sensor 44 measures the humidity in the container 12 and outputs it to the controller 41. The temperature sensor 45 is disposed near the sample T, measures the temperature of the sample T, and outputs the temperature to the controller 41. Temperature controller 46
Has a heating device (not shown) such as a heater and a cooling device (not shown) such as a heat pump using a refrigerant gas or the like, and has a predetermined temperature and a predetermined temperature based on a command from the controller 41. Adjust so that

With the above-described configuration, the penetration resistance measuring apparatus 100 can realize various penetration test environments described below.

First, the range of temperatures that the sheet material may be subjected to in a practical use environment, for example, -20 °
A temperature state of about C to 100 ° C. can be realized. Therefore, based on the temperature measurement signal of the sample T measured by the temperature sensor 45 and input to the controller 41,
The controller 41 outputs a temperature control signal to the temperature adjustment device 46 to control the temperature of the sample T to be maintained at a predetermined set temperature. In this case, the temperature adjusting device 46 corresponds to a heating and cooling unit, the temperature sensor 45 corresponds to a temperature measuring unit,
The controller 41 corresponds to a temperature control unit. The temperature controller 46, the temperature sensor 45, and the controller 41 constitute a sample environment setting unit.

Second, it is possible to realize a wet state that the sheet material may receive in an actual use environment, for example, a state of being infiltrated in water. For this reason, the container 1
2 is filled with distilled water W so that the sample T is completely immersed in the distilled water W. In this case, the container 12 constitutes a sample environment setting unit.

In an actual use environment of a sheet, not only pure distilled water but also an acidic or alkaline liquid, a liquid in which heavy metal ions or the like are dissolved, or a muddy water may be used. This can be realized by changing the pH and dissolved components of the liquid to be put into the container 12. Although not shown, if the sample T is not completely immersed in the liquid and the penetration test is performed while measuring the humidity state with the humidity sensor 44, the relationship between the humidity environment and the penetration resistance is tested. It is also possible. Further, although not shown,
By providing a blower or the like in the container 12 and performing the penetration test while drying the sample T from a wet state, it is possible to test the relationship between the humidity environment and the penetration resistance. When the liquid in the container 12 is completely discharged by the discharge plug 16, a penetration test in a dry state can be performed.

Third, it is possible to realize a stress state that the sheet material may receive in an actual use environment, for example, a state of receiving a tensile force. Therefore, the roller 1
When the sample T is fixed at 3a and 13b, a tensile force is applied on the holding table 11 in a direction connecting the two rollers in a substantially flat surface where the sample T is developed. In this case, the rollers 13a and 13b correspond to a tension unit and constitute a sample environment setting unit.

As an index indicating the tensile force, the reference length of the sample T before tension is L. S = (L.-L) / L, where L is the length of the sample T after tension. There is a method that employs the elongation strain represented by Or,
There is also a method of attaching a weight to the end of the sample T to realize a tension state, and expressing the tensile force by the weight of the weight.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, the tensile force applied to the sample T is a tensile force in a direction connecting the rollers 13a and 13b, that is, a uniaxial tensile force. If a roller is provided, it is possible to apply an orthogonal biaxial tensile force. Alternatively, the holding table 11
Is substantially disk-shaped, and 2n rollers are radially provided with the holding table 11 interposed therebetween, so that an n-axis tensile force can be radially applied. Although not shown, the sheet may be fitted in a circular frame in an airtight state, and the sheet may be put in a tensile state by blowing compressed air or the like into the inside of the circular frame. Further, if a tapered or curved surface as shown in FIG. 1 is formed at the edge of the holding table 11, stress concentration does not occur at the edge of the holding table 11 when the sample T is pulled.

Fourth, it is possible to realize a range of various penetration speeds that the sheet material may receive in an actual use environment, for example, a penetration speed of about 0.01 mm / min to 100 mm / min. This is due to the impact force that occurs when a railway train travels along the rail joints, such as when grass buds extend from under the sheet or when the sheet is slowly pressed through crushed stones, etc. Is taken into account when pressed by crushed stones or the like, or up to a high-speed penetration state such as breakage by a bird's beak. For this reason, the controller 41 outputs a speed control signal to the motor 31 of the drive unit 3 to control the approach speed of the pressing member 21a to the sample T to be maintained at a predetermined set speed. in this case,
The controller 41 corresponds to a speed control unit and constitutes a sample environment setting unit.

Fifth, it is possible to realize whether the kind of the sheet material actually used is an isotropic material or an anisotropic material, and a difference in a pointed portion of an object to be pressed. For this reason, the present apparatus 100 can attach various pressing members to the load cell 23 via the holder 22, and FIG.
Not only the pressing members 21a having the shapes shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, but also various pressing members 21b to 2b shown in FIG.
1i can be selected and used.

That is, the pressing member 21b is
As shown in (C) and (D), it is a substantially bar-shaped member, and has two substantially linear straight blades at its tip. The male screw is formed at the rear end for mounting on the holder 22 in the same manner as the pressing member 21a.

Further, the pressing member 21c is formed as shown in FIG.
As shown in (F), it is a substantially rod-shaped member, and has a substantially single-shaped blade at its tip. The point that a male screw for attaching to the holder 22 is formed at the tail is that the pressing member 21
a, 21b.

Further, the pressing member 21d is formed as shown in FIG.
As shown in (H), it is a substantially rod-shaped member, and has two arc-shaped pressing surfaces that are substantially axially symmetric and substantially opposed to each other at the tip. The pressing surface may be a flat surface or a curved surface. The male screw is formed at the rear end for attachment to the holder 22, similarly to the pressing members 21a to 21c.

Further, the pressing member 21e is formed as shown in FIG.
As shown in (J), it is a substantially bar-shaped member, and has two substantially parallel linear pressing surfaces at its tip. The pressing surface may be a flat surface or a curved surface.
The male screw for attaching to the holder 22 at the rear is formed in the same manner as the pressing members 21a to 21d.

Then, the pressing member 21f is moved as shown in FIG.
As shown in (L), it is a substantially rod-shaped member, and has a substantially single-character pressing surface at its tip. The pressing surface may be a flat surface or a curved surface. The point that a male screw for mounting to the holder 22 is formed at the tail is
This is the same as the pressing members 21a to 21e.

In the case of an anisotropic sheet material, the above-mentioned pressing members 21a to 21f show different measured values as the penetration resistance, for example, in the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction of the sample T depending on the direction of the arrangement. Therefore, it is suitable for evaluation of an anisotropic sheet material.

In the case of an isotropic material, in addition to the above-mentioned pressing members, pressing members 21g to 21i are also suitable.
The pressing member 21g is, as shown in FIGS.
It is a substantially rod-shaped member, and has a substantially conical pressing surface at its tip. The male screw is formed at the rear end for mounting on the holder 22 in the same manner as the pressing members 21a to 21f. Although not shown, a substantially rod-shaped member having a substantially frustoconical pressing surface at the tip thereof is also suitable as the pressing member.

Further, the pressing member 21h is provided as shown in FIG.
As shown in (P), it is a substantially rod-shaped member, and has a substantially convex curved pressing surface at its tip. The male screw for attaching to the holder 22 at the rear is formed in the same manner as the pressing members 21a to 21g.

Then, the pressing member 21i is provided as shown in FIG.
As shown in (R), it is a substantially rod-shaped member, and has a substantially cylindrical pressing surface at its tip. A male screw for mounting to the holder 22 is formed at the rear end.
Same as 1a to 21h.

In the above, the pressing members 21a to 21i and the holder 22 constitute a sample environment setting means.

Sixth, a penetration test of a sheet material sample can be automatically repeated many times. Therefore, for example, a drive motor (not shown) is attached to the rollers 13a and 13b, and an experiment program stored in a storage device (not shown) in the controller 41 in advance or an external program input to the input terminal 47 is provided. Based on an experiment control command from the host computer, the controller 41
A drive control signal is output to the motors 3a and 13b, and the sample T
Is moved from the rollers 13b to 13a, for example, and when the sample T reaches a predetermined position after the movement, the rollers 13
The motors of the rollers 13a and 13b are controlled so as to stop the movement of the sample T by judging that the rotation of the motors a and 13b has been reached by a position sensor (not shown) or the like,
After the sample T is stopped, a control signal is sent to the motor 31 of the drive unit 3 to control the pressing member 21a or the like to perform approaching movement, pressing, and penetration. In this case, a motor (not shown) attached to the rollers 13a and 13b corresponds to a sample driving unit, and the controller 41 corresponds to a penetration control unit.
With this configuration, it is possible to perform a penetration test automatically at night or the like and collect a large amount of data.

Seventh, when the penetration test of the sheet material sample is automatically executed, the penetration resistance force input from the load cell 23 is monitored by the controller 41, and the specimen is sampled based on the time-dependent change in the penetration resistance force. Pressing member 21a to T
Etc. can be determined. For this purpose, a characteristic curve relating to a temporal change state of the penetration resistance is created in advance by an experiment, and the ROM in the controller 41 is prepared.
Etc. must be stored in a storage device (not shown).

For example, there is a time-dependent change curve of the penetration resistance as shown in FIG. The part a in the figure shows a state in which the pressing member has penetrated into the surface of the sample after pressing against the sample, and shows that the resistance temporarily decreases immediately after the penetration. Next, the part b in the figure shows a state where the pressing member has further moved and penetrated into the back surface of the sample,
This indicates that the resistance temporarily decreases immediately after the penetration. The part c in the figure shows a state where the pressing member has completely penetrated the sample, and shows that a penetrating frictional force between the pressing member and the sample is generated after penetrating. Such a characteristic curve is stored in the ROM in the controller 41.
After the penetration resistance is increased from zero, the number of times the penetration resistance is reduced is determined by searching for the number of times the penetration resistance is reduced. The state can be specified.

Further, as another characteristic curve, a relation curve between the penetration speed and the penetration resistance as shown in FIG. 4 can be used. As shown in the figure, the penetration resistance depends on the penetration speed, and the penetration resistance when the penetration speed is low is about 1/2 to 1 compared to the penetration resistance when the penetration speed is high. /
It drops to 3. Also, regarding the slope of the curve, the parts d,
It is different like e and f. By storing such a characteristic curve in a storage device (not shown) such as a ROM in the controller 41, it is possible to determine the state of penetration into the sample.

In the above, the controller 41 corresponds to the penetration state monitoring means.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Each of the above embodiments and examples is an exemplification, and any one having substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention and exerting the same function and effect will be described. Even this is included in the technical scope of the present invention.

For example, in each of the above embodiments, an example has been described in which a sheet sample penetration test environment is realized by an apparatus. However, the present invention is not limited to this. It may be performed by a human.

In each of the above embodiments, the sheet is used for the purpose of stopping water, blocking water, preventing grass, reinforcing a soil structure, or the like in a railway, a road, a harbor, a waste disposal site, or the like. Although a sheet made of non-woven fabric, canvas, rubber, synthetic resin or the like has been described as an example, the present invention is not limited to this, and is used for wrapping paper, package sheet material, medical member, film, balloon, and the like. It may be a thin film member.

In each of the above embodiments, a rod-shaped member having a circular cross section as shown at 21a to 21i has been described as an example of the pressing member. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The cross-sectional shape may be, for example, an elliptical cross section, an n-gonal cross section (n: a natural number of 3 or more), a cross-shaped cross section, a star-shaped cross section, or the like.

[0068]

As described above, according to the present invention,
In the penetration test of the sheet sample, the sample environment setting for setting and maintaining the sample temperature condition, the sample humidity condition, or the sample stress condition, the moving speed of the pressing member with respect to the sample, or the sample environment including the shape of the pressing member. Since the means is provided, the sheet sample can be subjected to a penetration test in an environment similar to an actual use environment, and a more precise evaluation can be performed on the penetration resistance of the sheet material.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the overall configuration of a sheet material penetration resistance measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of a shape of a pressing member used in the sheet material penetration resistance measuring device shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram (1) showing an example of a characteristic curve used for controlling a controller in the sheet material penetration resistance measuring device shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a diagram (2) illustrating an example of a characteristic curve used for control of a controller in the sheet material penetration resistance measuring apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sample holding part 2 Measuring part 3 Drive part 4 Control part 11 Holder 11H Hole 12 Container 13a, 13b Roller 14 Cover 14H Opening 15 Cover 16 Discharge plug 17 Clip 21 Pressing member 22 Holder 23 Load cell 23M Projecting part 24 Mounting bolt 31 Motor 32 Pulley 33 Rotating body 33P Pulley 34 Drive belt 35 Elevating shaft 36 Bearing 37 Arm 38 Mounting plate 41 Controller 42 Display 43 Operation panel 44 Humidity sensor 45 Temperature sensor 46 Temperature controller 47 Input terminal 48 Output terminal 49 Power supply terminal 100 Penetration resistance measuring device T sample W water

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Minoru Suzuki, 2-8-8 Hikaricho, Kokubunji, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology Research Institute (72) Inventor, Naoyuki 2-8-8 Hikaricho, Kokubunji, Tokyo 38 Inside the Railway Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Takashi Yamazaki 2-5-1 Tamadaira, Hino-shi, Tokyo 83rd building 83, 401

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A pressing member driving means for moving a pressing member close to and moving from a direction substantially perpendicular to the substantially flat surface to a sample formed of a sheet material and held in a substantially planar state, and the pressing member; Force measurement means for measuring a penetration resistance force, which is a force acting between the sample and the pressing member at the time of and the penetration, a temperature state of the sample, or a humidity state of the sample, or a stress state of the sample, Or a sample environment setting means for setting and maintaining a moving speed of the pressing member with respect to the sample or a sample environment including a shape of the pressing member. 2. The apparatus for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material according to claim 1, wherein the sample environment setting means includes heating and cooling means for heating or cooling the sample, and temperature measurement for measuring the temperature of the sample. Means for controlling the heating and cooling means based on the temperature of the sample inputted from the temperature measuring means, and temperature control means for maintaining the temperature of the sample at a set temperature. Equipment for measuring penetration resistance of materials. 3. The apparatus for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material according to claim 1, wherein the sample environment setting means wets the sample by storing a liquid and infiltrating the sample with the liquid. An apparatus for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material, comprising a container for maintaining a state. 4. The apparatus for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material according to claim 1, wherein the sample environment setting unit is configured to move the sample environment in any direction within the substantially plane. An apparatus for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material, comprising a tensile means for applying a tensile force to the sample. 5. The apparatus for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material according to claim 1, wherein the sample environment setting unit controls the pressing member driving unit to set a speed of the approach movement. An apparatus for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material, comprising a speed control means for maintaining a set speed. 6. The sheet material penetration resistance measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the pressing member has two arc-shaped pressing surfaces or blades that are substantially axially symmetric and substantially opposed to each other at a front end. Rod-shaped member, a rod-shaped member having two linear pressing surfaces or blades substantially parallel to the tip, a rod-shaped member having a substantially single-shaped pressing surface or blade at the tip, a substantially conical or truncated cone-shaped pressing at the tip A rod-shaped member having a surface, a rod-shaped member having a substantially convex curved pressing surface at the tip, or a rod-shaped member having a substantially cylindrical pressing surface at the tip, and the sample environment setting means can be selected. An apparatus for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material, comprising: the pressing member; and a pressing member mounting means capable of selectively mounting the pressing member. 7. The apparatus for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material according to claim 1, wherein the sample driving means moves the sample in an arbitrary direction within the substantially plane, and after the sample is moved. Penetration control means for controlling the sample driving means so as to stop the movement of the sample at a predetermined position, and controlling the pressing member driving means so as to perform approaching movement, pressing and penetration of the pressing member after the sample is stopped. And a sheet material penetration resistance measuring device. 8. The apparatus for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material according to claim 1, wherein the penetration resistance input from the force measuring means is monitored, and a change of the penetration resistance with time is monitored. An apparatus for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material, comprising a penetration state monitoring means for judging a penetration state of the pressing member to the sample based on a state. 9. A sample made of a sheet material, which is developed and held in a substantially flat state, is moved by a pressing member in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substantially flat surface to press and penetrate the sample, and the sample is pressed at the time of the pressing and at the time of the penetration. In a method for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material that measures a penetration resistance that is a force acting between the sample and the pressing member, the temperature state of the sample, or the humidity state of the sample, or the stress state of the sample, Or, the moving speed of the pressing member with respect to the sample, or the sample environment including the shape of the pressing member is set to a predetermined environment while maintaining the sample environment, the measurement of the penetration resistance force characterized by performing Penetration resistance measurement method. 10. The method for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material according to claim 9, wherein the temperature of the sample is measured, and the sample is heated or cooled based on the measured temperature of the sample. A method for measuring the penetration resistance of a sheet material, wherein the temperature is maintained at a predetermined temperature. 11. The method for measuring the penetration resistance of a sheet material according to claim 9, wherein the sample is maintained in a wet state by infiltrating a liquid with the sample. Penetration resistance measurement method. 12. The method for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein a tensile force in an arbitrary direction in the substantially plane is applied to the sample. A method for measuring the penetration resistance of a sheet material. 13. The sheet material penetration resistance measuring method according to claim 9, wherein the speed of the approaching movement of the pressing member is maintained at a predetermined value. Penetration resistance measurement method. 14. The method for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material according to claim 9, wherein the pressing member is provided with two pressing surfaces or blades in an arc shape which are substantially axially symmetric and substantially opposed to each other at a front end. Rod-shaped member, a rod-shaped member having two linear pressing surfaces or blades substantially parallel to the tip, a rod-shaped member having a substantially single-shaped pressing surface or blade at the tip, a substantially conical or truncated cone-shaped pressing at the tip A sheet material characterized by being selected from any of a rod-shaped member having a surface, a rod-shaped member having a substantially convex curved pressing surface at a front end, and a rod-shaped member having a substantially cylindrical pressing surface at a front end. Penetration resistance measurement method. 15. The method for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material according to claim 9, wherein the sample is moved in an arbitrary direction in the substantially plane, and at a predetermined position after the movement of the sample. A method for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material, wherein the movement of the sample is stopped, and after the sample is stopped, the pressing member approaches, moves, presses and penetrates. 16. The method for measuring the penetration resistance of a sheet material according to claim 9, wherein the penetration resistance is monitored, and the sheet resistance to the sample is determined based on a state of the temporal change in the penetration resistance. A method for measuring a penetration resistance of a sheet material, comprising determining a penetration state of the pressing member.