JPH10281391A - Heat insulating structure and its work execution method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat insulating structure which dose not generate dew condensation and icing and has a preferable construction time and outstanding work execution properties by forming the heat insulating structure which is used for a refrigerated storage by arranging an outer packaging base material, a continuous bubble hard urethane foam layer, a moisture permeable sheet or plate, an aerating layer, and an inside inner base material sequentially from the open air side. SOLUTION: As an outer packaging base material (a), which constructs an outer wall of a building and is not especially restricted, reinforced concrete or others are provided. When this outer packaging base material (a) does not work as a moisture- proof layer, after a moisture-proof layer (a') is attached on the base material (a), a continuous bubble hard urethane foam layer (b) is formed on it by injecting construction in the field. Next, a moisture permeable sheet (c) such as a glass-wool thermal insulating material and others is attached, and an aerating layer (d) is formed on it. This aerating layer (d) is an air layer between an inside inner base material and the moisture-proof sheet/continuous bubble hard polyurethane foam. When a folding metal plate is used for the inside inner base material (e), the aerating layer (d) is formed by using projecting parts of the folding plate.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heat insulation structure used for refrigeration, heat insulation, cold insulation, freezing warehouses and the like for construction, and more particularly to heat insulation which is excellent in heat insulation workability and does not cause internal condensation or icing. Related to the structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, polystyrene foam, hard urethane foam, glass wool, and the like have been used as heat insulating materials for refrigeration, heat insulation, cold storage, and freezing warehouses. Among them, hard urethane having excellent workability and heat insulation performance has been used. Forms have been particularly popular.

[0003] Insulation methods for rigid urethane foam include an in-situ spray method and an in-situ injection method in which rigid urethane foam panels produced in a factory are bonded together and foamed on-site. Each of these methods will be described below.

[0004] Lamination of a rigid urethane foam panel requires a moisture-proofing step and a bonding step for the seam, and is not necessarily excellent in workability. The rigid urethane foam formed by the on-site spraying method does not require a moisture-proof treatment or a bonding step at the seam, but the construction thickness per day is 80%.
mm or less (for safety to prevent internal heat storage and for alleviating the strain generated in the foam), due to the disadvantage that the construction period is prolonged and the distortion of the rigid urethane foam layer due to foam shrinkage during foam formation. When the vehicle body is deformed or the vehicle body is strong and a large amount of strain is accumulated, there is a defect that the hard urethane foam layer itself is cracked. In addition, the in-situ injection method of rigid urethane foam is an excellent construction method that does not require a moisture-proof treatment process and a bonding process of the seam and the construction period of the heat insulation construction is short, but in a general closed-cell injection method,
There was a disadvantage that a large holding jig was required due to the high foaming pressure. In order to solve this drawback, Japanese Utility Model 2-1152
No. 5 proposes the injection of an open-celled rigid polyurethane foam.

[0005] However, open-celled rigid polyurethane foams have the disadvantage that they are "easy to absorb moisture" and "easy to permeate moisture" compared to closed-cell rigid polyurethane foams. In refrigerated / frozen warehouses and the like, this minute water greatly affects the heat insulation performance and the like. As a countermeasure, water vapor can be reduced by setting the outside air side exterior base material to a base material with low moisture permeability, or by applying a waterproof layer inside the exterior base material, but it is possible to reduce water vapor, It is very difficult to completely prevent the invasion of water vapor due to the deterioration, corrosion, cracks, etc. of the exterior and waterproof layers that are generated. Furthermore, in the case of the injection method, there is no gap between the interior material and the heat insulating material, so there is no escape place for water vapor entering from the outside, and the open-celled rigid urethane foam causes internal dew condensation and icing due to the water vapor, thereby improving the heat insulating effect. High risk of lowering.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to use a rigid polyurethane foam as a heat insulating material for refrigeration, heat preservation, cold preservation, and freezing warehouses for construction, which is excellent in construction time and workability.
An object of the present invention is to provide a heat insulating structure that does not cause internal condensation or icing.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, have provided an open-celled rigid urethane foam layer formed by an in-situ injection method and a ventilation layer for securing an escape area for water vapor. The heat insulating structure was very effective, and a method for providing a ventilation layer more easily was found, and the present invention was reached.

That is, the present invention is as follows. (1) The exterior base material (a), the open-celled rigid urethane foam layer (b), the moisture-permeable sheet or plate (c), the ventilation layer (d), and the indoor interior base material (e) from the outside air side. The heat insulating structure according to (1), preferably (3) the heat insulating structure, wherein the characteristic heat insulating structure, preferably (2) the open-celled rigid urethane foam layer (b) is formed by an in-situ injection method. (1) The heat insulating structure according to (1), wherein the body is for a built-in refrigeration / warming / cooling / freezing warehouse.
Preferably, (4) a heat insulating structure according to (1), preferably (5) a base material, wherein a bent metal plate is used to form the ventilation layer when the ventilation layer is provided, and the projection is used to form the ventilation layer. When (a) is a material having no moisture-proof property, the exterior base material (a) and the open-celled rigid urethane foam layer (b)
A heat insulating structure, a partition bar (f) or a bar (g) of (1) provided on the exterior base material (a), and then the partition bar. (F) or a crosspiece (g) on a permeable sheet or board (c)
And then providing the indoor-side interior base material layer (e), and then the exterior base material (a) and the partition pier (f) or pier (g).
And providing a ventilation layer (d) while forming an open-celled rigid urethane foam layer (b) in a space formed by the air-permeable sheet or board (c). It is.

Next, the present invention will be described in detail.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The exterior base material (a) constitutes an outer wall of a building and is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include reinforced concrete (RC), water-resistant plywood (wood-based material), and AL.
Examples thereof include a C plate (foamed concrete plate) and a metal plate, and preferably have a thickness of 0.1 to 200 mm. When it also serves as a moisture-proof layer, it is a metal plate, and a bent metal plate (painted aluminum plate, painted or plated steel plate) is used, and its thickness is not specified, but it is preferably 0.4 to
Those having a thickness of 2.0 mm are used. The joint between the exterior base materials needs to be bonded in consideration of moisture proof by using a sheet moisture proof method described later.

When the exterior substrate (a) does not double as a moisture-proof layer, a moisture-proof layer (a ') is provided on the substrate (a). The moisture-proof layer (a ') is for preventing water vapor from moving to the low-temperature side, and can be said to be an indispensable structure for preventing foam breakage due to freezing inside the heat-insulating layer. The material is not particularly limited. When a metal plate is used as the base material (a), it can also serve as a moisture-proof layer. Form a layer. The forming method generally includes a mastic method and a coating method.

As a mastic method, application of an asphalt emulsion which can be applied by spraying is well known. As the coating method, a method of joint sealing a polyethylene film (preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm), a sheet of polyethylene film with a rubber adhesive, a rubber sheet of a butyl rubber sheet with a rubber adhesive, a special method Asphalt sheet with rubber asphalt adhesive applied to asphalt roofing, cold asphalt sheet with rubber asphalt attached to core material, etc. A thermal method is used in which the film is adhered and then the asphalt is applied over the entire surface to form a film. This is preferably one having a permissible moisture permeation limit of 0.00002746 gr / m ² hr mmHg or less according to US Federal standards.

The open-celled rigid urethane foam layer (b) is preferably an open-celled rigid urethane foam layer formed by in-situ injection work. The open-celled rigid urethane foam preferably has a free-foamed foam density of 6 to 25 kg / m ³ and an open cell rate of 80%.
The above are preferred. Free foam density of 25
If it exceeds kg / m ³ , or if the open cell ratio is less than 80%, this does not pose a problem in practical use, but the foaming pressure becomes large and the holding jig becomes large. Become. It is effective to use the injection space with a thickness of preferably 100 mm or more. When the thickness is less than 100 mm, the method of forming the heat insulating material by spraying is advantageous because the construction period is shortened.

In the in-situ injection method, a stock solution of a polyol and a stock solution of a polyisocyanate are continuously mixed and injected at a prescribed mixing ratio (preferably NCO / OH = 0.6 to 1.4). The method of stabilizing the compounding ratio is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method in which the injection nozzle of a thermal airless spray foaming machine is devised to perform the injection, and a method in which the compounding is adjusted by combining a gear pump and a transmission. When mixing the polyol stock solution and the polyisocyanate stock solution, a low-boiling Freon (a gaseous substance at normal temperature and normal pressure, for example, HCFC-22, HC
Addition of FC-124, HCFC-142b, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-152a) can reduce the foaming pressure and lower the density, which is an extremely effective method. So-called floss foaming.

[0015] As a method of preventing mixing failure due to back pressure and assisting the mixing at the time of in-situ injection, it is extremely effective to simultaneously discharge the polyol stock solution and the polyisocyanate stock solution and to add compressed air from another line. It is.
The polyol stock solution is composed of polyol / flame retardant / foam stabilizer / catalyst / foaming agent (water, chlorofluorocarbon, etc.) and is not particularly limited. As a polyisocyanate stock solution, preferably, a polymeric MDI having a casp (at 25 ° C.) or less
Or a urethane prepolymer obtained by reacting MDI with a polyol, and is not particularly limited.

The moisture-permeable sheet or board (c) is not particularly limited as long as it is a sheet (or board) having moisture permeability. For example, various kinds of paper, cloth, plywood, nonwoven fabric, glass wool heat insulating material, lock Wool insulation, spunbond, cardboard,
Felt and the like are mentioned, and the thickness is not particularly limited. For example, in the case of a nonwoven fabric, a thickness of 0.1 to 1.0 mm is preferable, and in a case of veneer plywood, a thickness of 1 to 5 mm is preferable. When veneer plywood, gypsum board, or the like is used for the indoor interior base material, this can be omitted. Moisture permeable sheet (or board)
(C) is an object subjected to the foaming pressure of the open-celled rigid urethane foam (b), and it is necessary to consider its strength and construction in consideration of deformation.

The air-permeable layer (d) is an air layer between the interior-side interior base material and the moisture-proof sheet / open-celled rigid polyurethane foam.
5 to 40 mm is preferred. In addition, when a bent metal plate is used as the indoor interior base material, the ventilation layer can be easily provided by using the projections of the folded plate as the ventilation layer.
When a flat plate is used as the indoor interior base material, a spacer such as wood is inserted between the pier and the interior to create an air layer of 5 to 40 mm. It is preferable that the end of the ventilation layer communicates with the inside of the refrigerator so that the steam can easily escape into the refrigerator / freezer.

[0018] The indoor side interior base material (e) refers to refrigeration, heat retention,
A material that is applied for the purpose of protecting heat insulation when using a cold storage / freezer warehouse. For example, FRP plywood, color plywood, bent metal plates (painted aluminum plates, painted or plated steel plates), etc. are used, and the thickness is particularly specified. It is not something, but 0.4 ~
Those having a thickness of 2.0 mm are preferred. The bent metal plate is a so-called keystone plate, a square wave color steel plate or the like. The indoor interior base material (e) receives the foaming pressure of the open-celled rigid urethane foam (b), and its material must be determined in consideration of the installation method of the indoor holding jig and the deformation of the base material. There is. Further, as described above, it is preferable to treat the end so that the ventilation layer communicates with the inside of the refrigerator.

A method of constructing the heat insulating structure will be described with reference to a specific example of FIG. First, a moisture-proof layer (a ′) such as an asphalt emulsion is preferably provided on an exterior base material (a) such as a concrete precursor, and then a partition plate (f) and a crosspiece (g) are provided. This crosspiece is fixed with heat insulating bolts from the vehicle body. Next, a moisture permeable sheet or plate (C) is provided between the crosspieces with a tucker, nails, or the like (attachment), and the interior-side interior base material (d) is attached to the crosspiece with screws or the like. By continuously mixing and injecting the polyol stock solution and the polyisocyanate stock solution from the upper portion between the moisture-permeable sheet and the plate and the moisture-proof layer at a prescribed blending ratio, an open-celled rigid urethane foam (b) is formed to form the heat insulating structure. Execute. In addition, the partition plate is
The material is not particularly limited, but rigid urethane foam board,
When polystyrene foam is used, processing is easy and convenient. The crosspiece is 45 × 45, regardless of the material.
mm or 30 × 60 mm wood is frequently used.

[0020]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Further, "parts" in the text indicates parts by weight. Example 1 A 200 mm-thick concrete exterior base material was provided with a moisture-proof layer of asphalt emulsion. The horizontal crosspieces were provided at a pitch of 1 m using insulated bolts. In addition, partitions of hard urethane foam board were provided at a pitch of 3 m. Next, a 0.3 mm-thick nonwoven polyester nonwoven fabric was adhered to the crosspiece and the partition plate with a tucker.

A keystone plate (50 mm square wave folded plate, 1.2 mm thickness) as an interior base material was mounted on the crosspiece with screws. Then, open-cell urethane foam (polyol and isocyanate raw materials manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc .: Hyperox RP-7460WH / SP-299)
Using Polyurethane Engineering's MT-212S foaming machine, between the moisture-proof layer and the moisture-permeable sheet, CFC-22
8% was added and flossed and foamed. The ventilation layer between the polyester nonwoven fabric and the convex portion of the keystone plate was formed without losing the foaming pressure. As an open-cell urethane foam, a free foamed foam density of 17 kg /
m ³ and an open cell ratio of 82%.

Comparative Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that the polyester nonwoven fabric of Example 1 was not used.

Comparative Example 2 A moisture-proof layer of asphalt emulsion was provided on a 200 mm thick concrete exterior substrate. The horizontal crosspieces were provided at a pitch of 1 m using insulated bolts. Free expanded foam density 30kg / m ³ of rigid urethane foam (manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc. polyol raw material and the isocyanate raw materials: Hythe ° Rocks RP-8301S / SP-290W) the Gasuma FF
Spray foaming was performed with a spray foaming machine at a thickness of 250 mm. Thereafter, a keystone plate (50 mm square wave folded plate, 1.2 mm thickness) of the interior base material was attached to the crosspiece with screws.

[0024]

[Table 1]

[0025]

According to the present invention, as a heat insulating structure for a freezer warehouse, an exterior substrate (a), an open-celled rigid urethane foam layer (b), a moisture-permeable sheet or plate (c), and a ventilation layer (d) are provided from the outside air side. ), The indoor side interior base material (e) has the effects of forming the heat insulating layer, shortening the construction period, and obtaining an insulating structure free of internal condensation.

[0026]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective cross-sectional view (Example 1) of a heat insulating structure of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 a ... exterior base material layer, a '... moisture-proof layer, b ... open-cell rigid foam layer, c ... moisture-permeable sheet or plate layer d ... ventilation layer e ... interior base material layer f ... partition board g ... crossboard

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI F25D 23/06 303 F25D 23/06 303V

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. An exterior base material (a), an open-cell rigid urethane foam layer (b), a moisture-permeable sheet or plate (c), a ventilation layer (d), and an indoor interior base material (e) from the outside air side. A heat insulating structure characterized by the above-mentioned. 2. An open-celled rigid urethane foam layer (b)
3. The heat insulating structure according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulating structure is formed by an in-situ injection method. 3. The heat insulating structure according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulating structure is for a built-in refrigeration / heat keeping / cooling / freezing warehouse. 4. The heat insulating structure according to claim 1, wherein a bent metal plate is used for forming the ventilation layer, and the projection is used to form the ventilation layer. 5. When the substrate (a) is a material having no moisture-proof property, a moisture-proof layer (a ′) is provided between the exterior substrate (a) and the open-cell rigid urethane foam layer (b). The heat insulating structure according to claim 1, wherein: 6. A partition bar (f) or a bar (g) is provided on an exterior base material (a), and then a moisture permeable sheet or plate (c) is applied to the partition bar (f) or the bar (g). Next, an indoor-side interior base material layer (e) is provided, and then open cells are formed in the space formed by the exterior base material (a), the partition bar (f) or the bar (g), and the moisture-permeable sheet or plate (c). Vent layer (d) while forming rigid urethane foam layer (b)
A method for constructing a heat insulating structure, comprising: