JPH10257788A - Electric motor control method by inverter - Google Patents

Electric motor control method by inverter

Info

Publication number
JPH10257788A
JPH10257788A JP5725197A JP5725197A JPH10257788A JP H10257788 A JPH10257788 A JP H10257788A JP 5725197 A JP5725197 A JP 5725197A JP 5725197 A JP5725197 A JP 5725197A JP H10257788 A JPH10257788 A JP H10257788A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
inverter
bus voltage
motor
deceleration
electric motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP5725197A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3622410B2 (en
Inventor
Shuichi Fujii
秋一 藤井
Eiji Watanabe
英司 渡辺
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yaskawa Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Yaskawa Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yaskawa Electric Corp filed Critical Yaskawa Electric Corp
Priority to JP05725197A priority Critical patent/JP3622410B2/en
Publication of JPH10257788A publication Critical patent/JPH10257788A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3622410B2 publication Critical patent/JP3622410B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric motor control method by an inverter that prevents the overvoltage of a DC bus caused by the increase in a DC bus voltage by eliminating the need of a complex operation and by improving a response property. SOLUTION: In a control method for an electric motor 14 that has a power conversion part including an inverter 3 and a control part including a speed control device 5 and a torque limiter 6, the DC bus voltage of the inverter 3 is detected, the limit of the torque limiter 6 at a regenerative side is reduced according to the increase in the DC bus voltage of the inverter 3 on deceleration, and also the amount of the reduction in a frequency at the speed control device 5 is changed corresponding to the size of the torque limit on deceleration.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、インバータによる
電動機の制御方法に関し、特に回生エネルギーによるイ
ンバータ直流母線電圧の上昇による過電圧を防止するイ
ンバータによる電動機の制御方法に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for controlling an electric motor using an inverter, and more particularly to a method for controlling an electric motor using an inverter for preventing an overvoltage caused by an increase in the inverter DC bus voltage due to regenerative energy.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来、インバータによる電動機の制御に
おいて、インバータの出力周波数を低下させることによ
って電動機を減速し停止させる時に、回生エネルギーに
よるインバータ直流母線電圧の上昇による過電圧を防止
する方法がある。特開平4−312373号公報に見ら
れる方法は、減速時に直流母線電圧が上昇したことを検
出し、検出値に応じて減速を停止したり、あるいは減速
を緩めて減速時間を長くするといった制御を行っている
(従来例1)。また、特開平5−91787号公報に示
される方法は、電動機の特性式から最大許容回生電力を
演算によって求め、回生電力をこの許容値内に制限する
ように制御するというものである(従来例2)。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in controlling a motor by an inverter, there is a method of preventing an overvoltage caused by an increase in the inverter DC bus voltage due to regenerative energy when the motor is decelerated and stopped by lowering the output frequency of the inverter. The method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 4-321373 detects a rise in the DC bus voltage during deceleration, and performs control such as stopping deceleration according to the detected value or slowing down deceleration to lengthen the deceleration time. (Conventional example 1). The method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-91787 is to calculate the maximum allowable regenerative power from a characteristic equation of an electric motor by calculation, and to control the regenerative power to be within the allowable value (conventional example). 2).

【0003】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来例1の方法では、
減速時間を長くした場合においても負荷のイナーシャの
大きいときは電動機の減速の応答が指令よりも遅れるた
め、減速時間を短く設定していた場合に、電動機の速度
が指令に追従できないため過電圧となりやすいという欠
点がある。また、従来例2の場合は、演算が複雑である
ため演算の処理時間が長くなり、また、インバータで制
御する電動機の特性があらかじめ分かっている必要があ
るという問題がある。そこで本発明は、上記従来技術の
問題点に鑑み、複雑な演算を必要とせず、応答性を良く
して直流母線電圧の上昇による直流母線の過電圧を防止
するインバータによる電動機の制御方法を提供すること
を目的とする。
According to the method of the prior art 1,
Even if the deceleration time is extended, the response of the motor deceleration is delayed from the command when the load inertia is large, so if the deceleration time is set short, the motor speed cannot follow the command and the overvoltage is likely to occur. There is a disadvantage that. Further, in the case of the conventional example 2, there is a problem that the processing time of the calculation is long because the calculation is complicated, and the characteristics of the motor controlled by the inverter need to be known in advance. In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a method of controlling an electric motor by an inverter that does not require complicated calculation, improves responsiveness, and prevents an overvoltage of a DC bus due to an increase in the DC bus voltage. The purpose is to:

【0004】[0004]

【課題を解決するための手段】インバータの直流母線電
圧の上昇は、直流母線に設けられている平滑コンデンサ
に電動機からのエネルギが回生されるために生じ、その
エネルギの大きさはωT(ω:回転速度.T:トルク)
で表わされる。そこで本発明は、上記の課題を解決する
ために、電動機の減速時に、直流母線電圧を検出してそ
の大きさに応じてインバータの回生側トルクリミットを
小さくすることより、直流母線電圧が上昇したときは回
生エネルギを少なくして直流母線電圧が過電圧とならな
いようにしたものである。同時に、回生エネルギにより
直流母線電圧が上昇した場合において、トルクリミット
の絞る量に応じて、インバータ出力周波数の降下量を小
さくして減速時間を長くすることにより、電動機の負荷
イナーシャが大きく回生エネルギが大きい場合にトルク
リミットにより減速が制限されたときも、インバータの
出力周波数がモータの速度に応じて減少するようにした
ものである。
An increase in the DC bus voltage of the inverter occurs because energy from the motor is regenerated to a smoothing capacitor provided in the DC bus, and the magnitude of the energy is ωT (ω: Rotational speed.T: Torque)
Is represented by In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention increases the DC bus voltage by detecting the DC bus voltage and reducing the regenerative side torque limit of the inverter in accordance with the magnitude when the motor is decelerated. In some cases, the regenerative energy is reduced so that the DC bus voltage does not become overvoltage. At the same time, when the DC bus voltage rises due to the regenerative energy, the load inertia of the motor is increased and the regenerative energy is increased by reducing the amount of decrease in the inverter output frequency and lengthening the deceleration time in accordance with the amount by which the torque limit is reduced. When the speed is large, when the deceleration is limited by the torque limit, the output frequency of the inverter is reduced according to the speed of the motor.

【0005】[0005]

【発明の実施の形態】本発明の実施例について図面を参
照して説明する。図1は、本発明の実施例の構成を示す
ブロック図、図2は実施例の動作を示すタイムチャート
である。図1において、1は交流電源を直流電源に変換
するコンバータ、2は直流母線電圧のリップルを軽減す
るための平滑コンデンサ、3は直流電圧を後述する制御
部からの信号に応じて交流電圧に変換するインバータで
ある。電力変換部はこれらコンバータ1、平滑コンデン
サ2およびインバータ3から成る。4は設定した加減速
時間で出力周波数を加減するソフトスタータ、5はソフ
トスタータ出力の周波数と電動機の速度が一致するよう
に制御する速度制御器、6は速度制御器の出力のリミッ
タ、7は速度指令の出力から電流指令を演算する電流指
令演算部、8は電流指令とインバータ出力電流が一致す
るようにする電流制御器、9は電流制御器8の出力から
電圧指令を演算する電圧指令発生部、10は電圧指令通
りに出力するための指令をインバータへ与えるPWM発
生部、11はインバータの電力変換素子を制御するゲー
トドライバである。制御部はこれらから成る。また、制
御部に信号を与える検出器として、平滑コンデンサ2の
端子間電圧を検出する直流母線電圧検出器12、電流指
令値に基づいて電流制御されるインバータ3より電動機
14に流れる電流を検出する電流検出器13、アブソリ
ュートエンコーダなどから成る電動機の位置検出器15
を有している。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a time chart showing the operation of the embodiment. In FIG. 1, 1 is a converter for converting an AC power supply to a DC power supply, 2 is a smoothing capacitor for reducing a ripple of a DC bus voltage, and 3 is a converter for converting a DC voltage to an AC voltage according to a signal from a control unit described later. Inverter. The power conversion unit includes the converter 1, the smoothing capacitor 2, and the inverter 3. 4 is a soft starter for adjusting the output frequency at the set acceleration / deceleration time, 5 is a speed controller for controlling the frequency of the soft starter output to match the speed of the motor, 6 is a limiter for the output of the speed controller, 7 is A current command calculator for calculating a current command from the output of the speed command, 8 is a current controller for making the current command match the inverter output current, and 9 is a voltage command generator for calculating a voltage command from the output of the current controller 8. The unit 10 is a PWM generator for giving a command to output to the inverter according to the voltage command, and the reference numeral 11 is a gate driver for controlling the power conversion element of the inverter. The control unit is composed of these. Further, a DC bus voltage detector 12 for detecting a voltage between terminals of the smoothing capacitor 2 as a detector for supplying a signal to the control unit, and a current flowing to the electric motor 14 from the inverter 3 which is current controlled based on a current command value, are detected. Motor position detector 15 including current detector 13 and absolute encoder
have.

【0006】速度制御器5の出力は、速度指令と速度フ
ィードバックの偏差にゲインを乗じたものでトルク指令
に相当するものであるので、速度制御器5の出力側にあ
るリミッタ6はトルクリミッタと同一である。次に、実
施例における動作について説明する。図2は、発明実施
例の動作時におけるモータ速度S、直流母線電圧V(図
A)および、回生側トルクリミットL、ソフトスタータ
での出力周波数低下量H(図B)のタイムチャートを示
す。トルクリミッタの作用について説明する。トルクリ
ミッタは、速度制御器からの出力Trefが電動機の許容
トルクを超えないように出力Trefが大きい場合には、
予め設定された値でリミットする。いま、減速を指令す
ると(t1 )、予め設定された減速時間に応じた周波数
の低下量Hで減速が始まり、電動機からの回生エネルギ
で直流母線電圧Vが急激に上昇する。直流母線電圧Vが
電圧リミットレベル1(Vlim1)に達すると(t2 )、
回生側トルクリミットLを設定値よりも小さい値tlim1
に変更する。
The output of the speed controller 5 is obtained by multiplying the difference between the speed command and the speed feedback by a gain and corresponds to a torque command. Therefore, the limiter 6 on the output side of the speed controller 5 is a torque limiter. Are identical. Next, the operation in the embodiment will be described. FIG. 2 is a time chart of the motor speed S, the DC bus voltage V (FIG. A), the regenerative torque limit L, and the output frequency reduction H in the soft starter (FIG. B) during the operation of the embodiment of the invention. The operation of the torque limiter will be described. When the output Tref is large so that the output Tref from the speed controller does not exceed the allowable torque of the electric motor,
Limit with a preset value. Now, when deceleration is commanded (t 1 ), deceleration starts with a frequency decrease amount H corresponding to a preset deceleration time, and the DC bus voltage V sharply increases with regenerative energy from the motor. When the DC bus voltage V reaches the voltage limit level 1 (Vlim1) (t 2 ),
Set the regeneration side torque limit L to a value tlim1 smaller than the set value.
Change to

【0007】電圧リミットレベル2(Vlim2)は電圧リ
ミットレベルVlim1よりも高く、過電圧レベルよりも低
いところに設定された値で、この電圧に達したとき(t
3 )、回生側トルクリミットLが零となる。直流母線電
圧Vが電圧リミットレベルVlim1とVlim2の間(t2
4)では、トルクリミットLを直流母線電圧Vに応じ
て変化させている。ここでは、一次式 トルクリミット値=tlim1・{1−(直流母線電圧−Vl
im1)/(Vlim2−Vlim1)} で変化させた。本実施例のトルクリミッタでは、直流母
線電圧Vが電圧リミットレベルVlim1を越えると前記式
にしたがって回生側トルクリミットLを小さくするの
で、減速トルクが小さくなり回生エネルギが減少し、直
流母線電圧Vの上昇が緩やかになり、やがて直流母線電
圧Vは回生エネルギと電動機およびインバータでの損失
が等しくなる状態で一定値となる。そして、電動機の速
度Sが下がってくる(t4)と、回生エネルギが小さく
なり直流母線電圧Vが下がってくるので、これに応じて
トルクリミットLを上げている。
The voltage limit level 2 (Vlim2) is a value set higher than the voltage limit level Vlim1 and lower than the overvoltage level.
3 ), the regenerative torque limit L becomes zero. DC bus voltage V is between the voltage limit level Vlim1 and Vlim2 (t 2 ~
At t 4 ), the torque limit L is changed according to the DC bus voltage V. Here, the primary equation: torque limit value = tlim1 · {1− (DC bus voltage−Vl
im1) / (Vlim2-Vlim1)}. In the torque limiter of the present embodiment, when the DC bus voltage V exceeds the voltage limit level Vlim1, the regenerative torque limit L is reduced according to the above equation. The rise becomes gentle, and the DC bus voltage V eventually becomes a constant value in a state where the regenerative energy and the loss in the motor and the inverter become equal. Then, when the speed S of the motor decreases (t 4 ), the regenerative energy decreases and the DC bus voltage V decreases, so that the torque limit L is increased accordingly.

【0008】次に、速度制御器の作用について説明す
る。速度制御器は、電動機の速度が速度指令と一致する
ように制御しており、速度指令と速度検出値との差が零
になるようにPI制御を行なっている。前記のように、
トルクリミットを小さくし減速トルクを小さくすると電
動機の減速が減速時間の設定に比ベて長くなるので、ソ
フトスタータの出力が設定値のとおりに下がると速度指
令と電動機の速度の差が開き運転に支障をきたすことに
なる。そこで、本実施例の速度制御器では、トルクリミ
ット値の絞り方と同様にして、周波数の低下量Hを小さ
くすることで電動機の減速が減速時間の設定に近づくよ
うに制御する。以上のようにして、減速時にインバータ
直流母線電圧Vが過電圧に至らないように滑らかに電動
機を減速、停止させることができる。
Next, the operation of the speed controller will be described. The speed controller controls the motor so that the speed of the motor coincides with the speed command, and performs PI control so that the difference between the speed command and the detected speed value becomes zero. As mentioned above,
If the torque limit is reduced and the deceleration torque is reduced, the deceleration of the motor will be longer than the setting of the deceleration time.Therefore, when the output of the soft starter falls as set, the difference between the speed command and the speed of the motor will open and the motor will run. It will cause trouble. Therefore, the speed controller of the present embodiment controls the motor so that the deceleration of the motor approaches the setting of the deceleration time by reducing the frequency decrease amount H in the same manner as in the method of reducing the torque limit value. As described above, the motor can be smoothly decelerated and stopped so that the inverter DC bus voltage V does not reach an overvoltage during deceleration.

【0009】[0009]

【発明の効果】以上述ベたように、本発明によれば、電
動機の減速時にインバータの直流母線電圧が上昇した場
合、回生側のトルクリミットを小さくすることで、電動
機の減速トルクが小さくなり回生エネルギωTが減少す
るので、直流母線電圧の上昇を抑えることができ、過電
圧に至らずに減速をすることができ、また、負荷のイナ
ーシャが大きい場合に電動機の減速が遅くなった場合に
も、インバータ出力周波数がモータ速度の減速に応じて
下がることにより、スムーズな減速ができるという効果
がある。
As described above, according to the present invention, when the DC bus voltage of the inverter increases at the time of deceleration of the motor, the torque limit on the regenerative side is reduced to reduce the deceleration torque of the motor. Since the regenerative energy ωT decreases, the rise of the DC bus voltage can be suppressed, the deceleration can be performed without overvoltage, and the motor can be slowed down when the load inertia is large. In addition, since the inverter output frequency decreases in accordance with the reduction in the motor speed, there is an effect that smooth deceleration can be performed.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の実施例の構成を示すブロック図FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】本発明の実施例の動作を示すタイムチャートFIG. 2 is a time chart showing the operation of the embodiment of the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 コンバータ 2 平滑コンデンサ 3 インバータ 4 ソフトスタータ 5 速度制御器 6 トルクリミッタ 7 電流指令演算部 8 電流制御器 9 電圧指令発生部 10 PWM発生部 11 ゲートドライバ 12 直流母線電圧検出器 13 電流検出器 14 電動機 15 位置検出器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Converter 2 Smoothing capacitor 3 Inverter 4 Soft starter 5 Speed controller 6 Torque limiter 7 Current command calculation part 8 Current controller 9 Voltage command generation part 10 PWM generation part 11 Gate driver 12 DC bus voltage detector 13 Current detector 14 Motor 15 Position detector

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 インバータを含む電力変換部と、速度制
御器、トルクリミッタを含む制御部を有する電動機の制
御方法において、前記インバータの直流母線電圧を検出
し、減速時に、前記インバータの直流母線電圧の上昇に
応じて回生側のトルクリミッタのリミットを小さくする
ことを特徴とするインバータによる電動機の制御方法。
1. A control method for a motor having a power conversion unit including an inverter, and a control unit including a speed controller and a torque limiter, wherein a DC bus voltage of the inverter is detected, and a DC bus voltage of the inverter is detected during deceleration. A method for controlling an electric motor using an inverter, wherein the limit of a regenerative torque limiter is reduced in accordance with the rise of the torque.
【請求項2】 減速時、トルクリミットの大きさに対応
して速度制御器における周波数の減少量を変化させるこ
とを特徴とする請求項1記載のインバータによる電動機
の制御方法。
2. The method for controlling an electric motor by an inverter according to claim 1, wherein the amount of decrease in the frequency in the speed controller is changed according to the magnitude of the torque limit during deceleration.
JP05725197A 1997-03-12 1997-03-12 Control method of electric motor by inverter Expired - Fee Related JP3622410B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP05725197A JP3622410B2 (en) 1997-03-12 1997-03-12 Control method of electric motor by inverter

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP05725197A JP3622410B2 (en) 1997-03-12 1997-03-12 Control method of electric motor by inverter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH10257788A true JPH10257788A (en) 1998-09-25
JP3622410B2 JP3622410B2 (en) 2005-02-23

Family

ID=13050322

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP05725197A Expired - Fee Related JP3622410B2 (en) 1997-03-12 1997-03-12 Control method of electric motor by inverter

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3622410B2 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6445879B1 (en) 1999-07-21 2002-09-03 Lg Electronics Inc. Apparatus and method for braking a washing machine
KR20040046211A (en) * 2002-11-26 2004-06-05 엘지전자 주식회사 method for controlling motor of washing machine in case of power cut off
CN107836077A (en) * 2015-07-09 2018-03-23 三菱电机株式会社 Control device of electric motor
JP2018182780A (en) * 2017-04-03 2018-11-15 株式会社デンソー Controller of multi-phase rotary machine

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6445879B1 (en) 1999-07-21 2002-09-03 Lg Electronics Inc. Apparatus and method for braking a washing machine
KR20040046211A (en) * 2002-11-26 2004-06-05 엘지전자 주식회사 method for controlling motor of washing machine in case of power cut off
CN107836077A (en) * 2015-07-09 2018-03-23 三菱电机株式会社 Control device of electric motor
CN107836077B (en) * 2015-07-09 2020-07-07 三菱电机株式会社 Motor control device
JP2018182780A (en) * 2017-04-03 2018-11-15 株式会社デンソー Controller of multi-phase rotary machine
US11018611B2 (en) 2017-04-03 2021-05-25 Denso Corporation Control apparatus for multi-phase rotating electric machine

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