JPH10253507A - Fixing property diagnosing method and diagnosing device for fixing member for such as device, apparatus, piping - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To providing a method and device capable of diagnosing the fixing property of fixing members for such as device, apparatus, piping without the need for interruptions of the operation of facility apparatus, piping, etc., or the need for the removal of installed objects such as a signboard. SOLUTION: The nut 2 of an anchor bolt 1, which fixes a device or apparatus is removed. A load cell 5 is installed to the bolt 1, a displacement gauge 8 is further placed in contact with the bolt 1, and the nut 2 is tightened again to press the load cell 5. Loads and displacements are measured from changes in the load cell 5 and the displacement gauge 8 to diagnose the fixation of the bolt 1 in this fixation diagnosing method and diagnosing device of fixed members such as device, apparatus, piping. Further, it is possible to measure loads and displacement through the use of a torque wrench instead of a load cell.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for diagnosing fixability of a fixing member for supporting and fixing an apparatus, equipment, piping, a signboard, a building exterior panel, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various devices, equipment, piping, signboards and the like are fixed to a structure by anchor bolts. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, a device such as a compressor is attached by fixing a foundation girder 4 with anchor bolts 1 and nuts 2 embedded in skeleton concrete 3. However, the anchoring performance of the anchor bolt 1 gradually decreases due to long-term use of the device and the like, and once subjected to an external force due to an earthquake or the like, the bolt 1 is pulled out, and the device or the like falls and seriously damages the surroundings. Even in disasters in various places,
Although the damage to the building was small and the building was functioning, the case where the expensive equipment shifted or overturned and the building equipment such as sanitation and air conditioning stopped functioning just because the bolt 1 for fixing the equipment was pulled out. It has been reported. Alternatively, there is a situation in which the pipes are damaged or fall off and the operation and supply cannot be performed even though the devices and apparatuses function. Therefore, these devices have recently been
It is once again recognized that it is important to judge the fixing performance of fixing anchors such as equipment and piping.

For this purpose, a method has been adopted in which a tensile force is applied along a bolt axis by a hydraulic or screw type jack, and the load is measured by a load cell or the like. Alternatively, a method of setting a tester with a built-in load meter on a bolt and applying a pulling force along a bolt axis by tightening a nut to measure a load and a rough deformation is adopted.

[0004]

However, when the fixing performance is diagnosed by the conventional method, the following problems exist. <B> In order to set the tensile tester, the operation of the apparatus had to be stopped once. <B> It is difficult to measure displacement. <C> Due to the size of the tester and the mount and the attachment,
In many cases, they cannot be pulled directly. <D> If there is not enough space around or above the bolt,
Jacks, adapters, testers, etc. cannot be set on it.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and has been made without interrupting the operation of equipment and the like, or without removing attachments such as piping and signboards. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method capable of diagnosing the fixing property of a fixing member such as a device and a pipe.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, a method for diagnosing the fixing property of a fixing member such as an apparatus, a device, and a pipe according to the present invention is described. Disassemble the nut, attach the load cell to the bolt, contact the displacement meter with the bolt, and tighten the nut attached to the bolt again to pressurize the load cell, and the load and displacement are calculated from the changes in the load cell and the displacement meter. A device that measures and diagnoses the fixing of bolts,
The present invention is characterized by a method for diagnosing fixability of a fixing member such as equipment and piping.

Further, according to the method for diagnosing fixation of a fixing member such as an apparatus, a device, or a pipe, a nut of a fixing member fixing the apparatus and the equipment is disassembled, a displacement meter is brought into contact with the bolt, and the bolt is re-attached. Tighten the nut attached to the wrench with a torque wrench, measure the load and displacement from changes in the torque wrench and the displacement meter, and diagnose the fixing of bolts. It is a characteristic.

Further, the apparatus for diagnosing fixation of a fixing member such as an apparatus, apparatus, or piping according to the present invention includes a load cell attached to a bolt with a nut disassembled, a displacement meter brought into contact with the bolt, and a nut attached to the bolt again. It features a fastening device that pressurizes the load cell, a measuring device that measures the load and displacement from changes in the load cell and the displacement meter, and a device for diagnosing fixation of fixed members such as devices, equipment, and piping. It is.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a method for diagnosing fixability of a fixing member such as an apparatus, equipment, or piping and a diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

<A> Disassembly of a nut. First, the nut 2 of the fixing member such as the anchor bolt 1 is disassembled. (FIG. 1 shows an example in which nuts are fastened in a double manner.) This fixing member can be widely applied to those fixing civil engineering equipment such as a device, equipment, or a foundation of a bridge. Note that the diagnosis method and the diagnosis device of the present invention can be applied to fixing angles and the like in addition to the anchor bolts. In the embodiment, a case where an anchor bolt is used as a fixing member will be described. The anchor bolt 1 is still buried in the concrete 3 and the bolt 1
End is exposed from the bolt hole of the base beam 4 of the device.

<B> Installation of load cell. In the bolt 1 exposed from the foundation girder 4 by disassembling the nut,
Attach the load cell 5. In the case of a cylindrical load cell 5, a bolt having an inner diameter larger than the outer shape of the bolt 1 is fitted to the bolt. If the load cell has any other shape, it is attached to the periphery by, for example, arranging it at a symmetric position about the bolt. The height of the load cell is about one nut, but if the protrusion length of the bolt and the upper space are sufficient, a load cell having a height higher than that can be used. The load cell 5 is not mounted directly on the foundation girder 4, but is mounted on a metal washer 6 and a sliding washer 7 made of Teflon or the like. The insertion of the slide washer 7 prevents transmission of torque. Further, by using a soft slide washer 7, a function of absorbing a slight inclination between the bolt 1 and the load cell 5 is also achieved. Similarly, the slide washer 7 and the metal washer 6 are placed on the upper side of the load cell 5. The above is an example, but it is sufficient that one hard sliding washer made by baking and coating Teflon resin on a metal washer is inserted between the nut and the load cell.
Also, the soft sliding washer made of Teflon resin or the like may be inserted vertically into two pieces or one piece into either,
Not necessary in some cases.

<C> When the load cell 5 cannot be used. In order to mount the load cell 5, it is required that the protrusion of the bolt 1 protruding above the base girder has a certain length, that is, a length approximately equal to the total height of the load cell and the nut. If the length is not sufficient, the load cell 5 is not used, and a torque wrench is used instead.

<D> Mounting of displacement meter. A displacement gauge 8 is set at the exposed end of the bolt 1. This displacement meter 8 is a cantilever type device in which the base end is fixed to an immovable position such as a concrete foundation, and the tip is brought into contact with the tip of the bolt 1, and a space having a height of one nut or more is provided above the bolt. If there is, you can set. Since the displacement meter 8 has a fixed base end and a free tip, the displacement gauge 8 can detect the displacement of the bolt 1 coming out. If there is enough space above the bolt, a general bar-shaped displacement gauge or dial gauge can be used. If the tip surface of the bolt 1 is not smooth, a flat plate 9 such as a glass plate is adhered to the tip to secure smoothness.

<E> Tightening the bolt 1. The nut 2 is attached to the bolt 1 again. When the nut 2 is tightened, the bolt 1 is displaced in the pulling-out direction. Since the displacement gauge 8 is located at the tip of the bolt 1, the nut 2 is tightened with a wrench that can be tightened from the side.

<F> Diagnosis of fixability. The measurement results of the displacement meter 8 and the load cell 5 are input to, for example, a strain measuring device and processed. In any case, the bolt 1 is once tightened to a predetermined tensile force, returned to zero again, and the deformation history is observed.
When the tensile force is returned to zero, it is desirable that the deformation amount also returns to zero, and a large residual deformation amount indicates that the fixing performance is correspondingly reduced. As a result of such a diagnosis, the amount of the residual amount that is allowable and the amount beyond which the amount is dangerous will be determined from the performance required for the attachment.

<G> Judgment. As a general example, FIG. 4 shows an example of a load displacement characteristic of a normal anchor bolt. FIG. 5 shows an example of load displacement characteristics of an abnormal anchor bolt. In the figure, δr1 is the residual deformation amount due to the first pull, and δr2 is the residual deformation amount due to the second pull. δD1 is the deformation amount when pulled to the design load for the first time, and δD2 is the deformation amount when pulled to the design load for the second time.

In the case of the normal anchor (1), as shown by the chain line in FIG.
Smaller, and the amount of deformation δD when pulled to the design load
1 less than 30%. In the case of the normal anchor (2), as shown by the dashed line in FIG. 4, the shape is largely deformed at first, but shows a curve substantially similar to that of the ideal anchor with respect to an increase in the load thereafter. I have. The second residual deformation amount δr2 is smaller than 0.1 mm and smaller than 30% of the deformation amount δD2 when pulled to the design load.

In the case of the abnormal anchor (1), as shown by the chain line in FIG. 5, the first residual deformation amount δr1 is 0.1
mm and more than 30% of the deformation amount δD1 when pulled to the design load. In the case of the abnormal anchor (2), as shown by the dashed line in FIG.
Both the first residual deformation amount δr1 and the second residual deformation amount δr2 are larger than 0.1 mm, and both are larger than 30% of the deformation amounts δD1 and δD2 when pulled to the design load. The above-mentioned numerical values of 0.1 mm and 30% are numerical values determined by the device, equipment, piping and the like.

[0019]

As described above, the method and apparatus for diagnosing the fixing property of the fixing member 1 such as the apparatus, equipment and piping according to the present invention are as described above, and the following effects can be obtained. <A> The fixing performance of the anchor bolt 1 can be determined in a state where the equipment such as the apparatus, the equipment, and the piping is attached. <B> As long as there is a space for mounting the nut 2 at the tip of one bolt, the fixing property can be diagnosed and determined for all bolts 1. <C> Seismic diagnosis can be performed for fixing a wide range of fixtures such as signs, racks, exterior panels, and precast boards such as facilities, equipment, and piping. <D> Not only can it be used for regular inspections, but also for temporary or emergency inspections after an earthquake or accident.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of a fixability diagnosis method and a diagnosis device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of a fixing property diagnosing method and a diagnosing device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of a fixability diagnosis method and a diagnosis device according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of load displacement characteristics of a normal anchor bolt.

FIG. 5 is a view showing an example of a load displacement characteristic of an abnormal anchor bolt.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of an anchor bolt for attaching the device to a frame.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A load cell, comprising: disassembling a nut of a fixing member for fixing an apparatus and equipment; attaching a load cell to a bolt; contacting a displacement meter with the bolt; and tightening the nut attached to the bolt again. To measure the load and displacement from changes in the load cell and displacement meter, and diagnose the fixing of bolts. 2. A method for diagnosing fixation of a fixing member such as an apparatus, a device, or a pipe according to claim 1, wherein a slide washer is interposed between the nut and the load cell to prevent transmission of torque for tightening the nut. 3. Disassembling the nut of the fixing member fixing the device and the equipment, bringing the displacement meter into contact with the bolt, tightening the nut attached to the bolt again with a torque wrench, and changing the torque wrench and the displacement meter. Diagnosis method of fixing property of fixed members such as equipment, equipment, piping, etc. 4. A load cell to be attached to a bolt in a state where a nut is disassembled, a displacement meter to be brought into contact with the bolt, a tightening device to press the load cell by tightening the nut again attached to the bolt, and a change in the load cell and the displacement meter. Measuring instrument for measuring load and displacement, and device for diagnosing fixation of fixed members such as devices, equipment, piping, etc.