JPH10213974A - Transfer device - Google Patents
Transfer deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10213974A JPH10213974A JP27182097A JP27182097A JPH10213974A JP H10213974 A JPH10213974 A JP H10213974A JP 27182097 A JP27182097 A JP 27182097A JP 27182097 A JP27182097 A JP 27182097A JP H10213974 A JPH10213974 A JP H10213974A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- transfer
- transfer belt
- surface resistivity
- layer
- inner layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、感光体の表面に形
成されたトナー画像を転写ベルトを用いて転写用紙に転
写する転写装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a transfer device for transferring a toner image formed on the surface of a photoreceptor to transfer paper using a transfer belt.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、感光体の表面に形成したトナー画
像を、転写バイアスを付与した転写ベルトにより転写用
紙を搬送する過程でその転写用紙に転写するようにした
転写装置がある。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been a transfer device that transfers a toner image formed on a surface of a photoreceptor to a transfer sheet in a process of transferring the transfer sheet by a transfer belt to which a transfer bias is applied.
【０００３】この種の転写装置は、転写ベルトの抵抗値
が転写性能を左右するという問題があるので、転写ベル
トの抵抗を規制した提案がなされている。例えば、特開
昭６３−８３７６２号公報に記載されているように、電
気抵抗が１０10〜１０13Ω・ｃｍに定められた半導体材
料よりなる部分を有する転写ベルトを、所定の間隔を開
けて配列された駆動ローラと接地ローラとに巻回すると
ともに、感光体の近傍に配設された巻き付けローラによ
り転写ベルトの内面を支え、電荷緩和源としての接地ロ
ーラと巻き付けローラとの間における転写ベルトの部分
を安定した抵抗体として作用させ、転写チャージャから
供給された電荷を安定状態で保持するようにした発明が
ある。また、転写ベルトの抵抗を規制する内容は、この
特開昭６３−８３７６２号公報以外にも、特開平１−１
２１８７７号公報等に開示されている。[0003] This type of transfer apparatus has a problem in that the resistance of the transfer belt affects the transfer performance. Therefore, proposals have been made in which the resistance of the transfer belt is regulated. For example, as described in JP-A-63-83762, a transfer belt having a portion made of a semiconductor material having an electric resistance of 10 10 to 10 13 Ω · cm is formed at predetermined intervals. The transfer belt is wound around a drive roller and a ground roller arranged, and the inner surface of the transfer belt is supported by a winding roller disposed in the vicinity of the photoreceptor. Is operated as a stable resistor to maintain the charge supplied from the transfer charger in a stable state. Further, the contents that regulate the resistance of the transfer belt are described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
No. 21,877, and the like.
【０００４】さらに、特開平２−１１０５８６号公報に
記載されているように、トナーの飛散や画像の中抜けを
防止するために、感光体側に１０14Ω・ｃｍ以上の抵抗
層が形成され、その反対側に１０14Ω・ｃｍ以下の高抵
抗層が形成された転写ベルトを用い、転写ベルトの表面
電位を所望の電位勾配となるように調整する発明があ
る。Further, as described in JP-A-2-110586, a resistive layer of 10 14 Ω · cm or more is formed on the photoreceptor side in order to prevent toner scattering and image dropout. There is an invention in which a transfer belt having a high resistance layer of 10 14 Ω · cm or less is formed on the opposite side, and the surface potential of the transfer belt is adjusted to have a desired potential gradient.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】転写ベルトの内側層の
表面から転写バイアスを印加した場合、転写ベルトの内
側層の表面の抵抗が低いと、感光体と転写ベルトとの接
触部（以下、転写ニップ部と称する）の直前での電位が
高くなるため、このニップ部に進入する転写用紙と感光
体との間に放電が起こり画像白抜けが発生する。また、
低湿環境においては、転写ベルトの表面抵抗率が常湿環
境に比べて高くなり絶縁物に近くなるため、感光体と転
写用紙との間で放電が起こり画像白抜けが発生し易い。
加えて、転写ベルトの表面層（感光体側の面）の表面抵
抗率が高過ぎると転写ベルト上に残留電荷が残り、連続
コピーの場合における２枚目以降の転写用紙、或いは両
面コピーモードの場合の第２画面（裏面）に異常画像と
なって現れることがある。When a transfer bias is applied from the surface of the inner layer of the transfer belt, if the resistance of the surface of the inner layer of the transfer belt is low, the contact portion between the photoreceptor and the transfer belt (hereinafter referred to as transfer). Since the potential immediately before the nip portion increases, discharge occurs between the transfer sheet entering the nip portion and the photoreceptor, causing image white spots. Also,
In a low-humidity environment, the surface resistivity of the transfer belt is higher than that in a normal-humidity environment and becomes closer to an insulator, so that a discharge occurs between the photoconductor and the transfer paper, and image white spots easily occur.
In addition, if the surface resistivity of the surface layer of the transfer belt (the surface on the photoreceptor side) is too high, residual charges remain on the transfer belt, and in the case of continuous copy, the second and subsequent sheets of transfer paper, or in the case of double-sided copy mode May appear as an abnormal image on the second screen (back side).
【０００６】一方、転写ベルトの電位は、感光体からの
転写用紙の分離性、転写ベルトによる転写用紙の吸着性
に関係するため転写用紙の搬送性を左右する。この搬送
性と前述した画像白抜けとは、転写ベルトの表面層の表
面抵抗率に対してトレードオフの関係にある。よって、
画像白抜け防止を優先するために、感光体からの転写用
紙の分離を感光体の外周に近接配置した分離爪に依存し
過ぎると、転写用紙の画像転写面に分離爪の爪跡が残
り、画像品質が低下する。On the other hand, the potential of the transfer belt is related to the separation of the transfer sheet from the photoreceptor and the attraction of the transfer sheet by the transfer belt, and thus affects the transferability of the transfer sheet. The transportability and the above-described image white spot have a trade-off relationship with the surface resistivity of the surface layer of the transfer belt. Therefore,
If the separation of the transfer paper from the photoconductor is relied too much on the separation claw arranged close to the outer periphery of the photoconductor to give priority to the prevention of image white spots, the claw marks of the separation claw remain on the image transfer surface of the transfer paper, and Quality degrades.
【０００７】前述したように、転写ベルトの抵抗を規制
する内容は多く出願されている。また、感光体に接する
表面層と、転写器に接する内側層とを分けた積層構造の
転写ベルトを用い、その表面層と内側層との抵抗につい
て規制した提案もあるが、何れも転写ベルトと抵抗を体
積抵抗率等のようにマクロ的に規制したもので、転写性
能、転写用紙の搬送性（感光体からの転写用紙の分離
性）についてのメカニズムを明らかにしたものではな
い。As described above, many applications have been filed for regulating the resistance of the transfer belt. Further, there is a proposal in which a transfer belt having a laminated structure in which a surface layer in contact with the photoreceptor and an inner layer in contact with the transfer device is separated and the resistance between the surface layer and the inner layer is regulated, but all of them have a transfer belt. The resistance is regulated macroscopically, such as the volume resistivity, and does not clarify the mechanism of transfer performance and transferability of transfer paper (separability of transfer paper from the photoconductor).
【０００８】本発明は、転写ベルトの表面抵抗率を規制
することにより画像白抜けの発生を防止し、且つ、表面
抵抗率の範囲を選択し、或いは転写ベルトの表面層と内
側層との表面抵抗率の関係を選択することにより、画像
白抜けの発生を防止しつつ転写用紙の搬送性を高め、さ
らに、転写不良による異常画像の発生を防止し得る転写
装置を提供するものである。According to the present invention, the occurrence of image white spots is prevented by regulating the surface resistivity of the transfer belt, and a range of the surface resistivity is selected. An object of the present invention is to provide a transfer device capable of improving transferability of a transfer sheet while preventing occurrence of image white spots by selecting a relation of resistivity, and further preventing occurrence of an abnormal image due to transfer failure.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】請求項１の発明は、感光
体の表面に形成したトナー画像を、転写バイアスを付与
した転写ベルトにより転写用紙を搬送する過程でその転
写用紙に転写するようにした転写装置において、前記転
写ベルトの前記感光体とは反対側の内側層の表面抵抗率
の値を１０9 Ω／□以上の値に規制した。従って、転写
ベルトの内側層の表面抵抗率の下限を規制することによ
り、転写ベルトの内側から転写バイアスを付与した場合
に、転写ニップ部の直前における転写ベルトの電位が規
制され、感光体と転写用紙との間での放電が防止され
る。According to a first aspect of the present invention, a toner image formed on a surface of a photoreceptor is transferred onto a transfer sheet in a process of transferring the transfer sheet by a transfer belt provided with a transfer bias. In the transfer device, the value of the surface resistivity of the inner layer of the transfer belt opposite to the photosensitive member was regulated to a value of 10 9 Ω / □ or more. Therefore, by regulating the lower limit of the surface resistivity of the inner layer of the transfer belt, when a transfer bias is applied from the inside of the transfer belt, the potential of the transfer belt immediately before the transfer nip portion is regulated, and the transfer between the photoconductor and the transfer member is restricted. Discharge between the sheet and the paper is prevented.
【００１０】請求項２の発明は、請求項１の発明におい
て、転写ベルトの感光体側の表面層の表面抵抗率の値を
１０14Ω／□以下の値に規制した。従って、転写ベルト
の表面層の表面抵抗の上限を規制することにより、感光
体と転写用紙との間での放電が防止される。According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the surface resistivity of the surface layer of the transfer belt on the photosensitive member side is regulated to a value of 10 14 Ω / □ or less. Therefore, by restricting the upper limit of the surface resistance of the surface layer of the transfer belt, discharge between the photoconductor and the transfer paper is prevented.
【００１１】請求項３の発明は、請求項１又は２の発明
において、転写ベルトの表面層の表面抵抗率の値を１０
8 Ω／□以上の値に規制した。従って、請求項１又は２
の発明と同様に、感光体と転写用紙との間での放電が防
止される。さらに、転写ベルトの表面層の表面抵抗率の
下限が規制されるため、転写ベルトの表面層の電荷が感
光体から転写用紙を吸引するに適した値に維持される。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the surface resistivity of the surface layer of the transfer belt is set to 10%.
Restricted to a value of 8 Ω / □ or more. Therefore, claim 1 or 2
In the same manner as in the invention, discharge between the photoreceptor and the transfer sheet is prevented. Further, since the lower limit of the surface resistivity of the surface layer of the transfer belt is regulated, the electric charge of the surface layer of the transfer belt is maintained at a value suitable for sucking the transfer paper from the photoconductor.
【００１２】請求項４の発明は、請求項３の発明におい
て、転写ベルトの表面層の表面抵抗率の値を、内側層の
表面抵抗率と同等又はそれより小さい値に規制した。従
って、請求項３の発明と同様の効果が得られるととも
に、転写ベルトの表面層の電荷が感光体から転写用紙を
吸引するに適した値以上に高まることがない。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect, the surface resistivity of the surface layer of the transfer belt is regulated to a value equal to or smaller than the surface resistivity of the inner layer. Therefore, the same effect as that of the third aspect of the invention can be obtained, and the electric charge of the surface layer of the transfer belt does not increase more than a value suitable for sucking the transfer paper from the photoconductor.
【００１３】請求項５の発明は、請求項４の発明におい
て、転写ベルトの内側層の表面抵抗率の値を１０14Ω／
□以下の値に規制した。従って、請求項４の発明と同様
の効果が得られるとともに、転写ベルトの内側層の表面
抵抗の上限を規制することにより、感光体と転写用紙と
の間での放電が防止される。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the fourth aspect, the value of the surface resistivity of the inner layer of the transfer belt is 10 14 Ω /.
□ Restricted to the following values. Therefore, the same effect as that of the fourth aspect is obtained, and the discharge between the photoconductor and the transfer sheet is prevented by regulating the upper limit of the surface resistance of the inner layer of the transfer belt.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の実施の一形態を図面の基
づいて説明する。まず、電子写真方式の画像形成装置に
用いられる転写装置の基本的な構成について説明する。
図１ないし図３において、１は感光体である。この感光
体１の周囲には、図示しないが、感光体１の表面を帯電
させる帯電器、画像信号を基に変調されたレーザー光を
感光体１の帯電部分に走査して静電潜像を形成する光書
き込み器、感光体１上の静電潜像を現像する現像器、感
光体１の表面をクリーニングするクリーニングユニット
等が配列されている。An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, a basic configuration of a transfer device used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus will be described.
1 to 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a photoconductor. Although not shown, a charger for charging the surface of the photoreceptor 1 and a laser beam modulated based on an image signal are scanned around the charged portion of the photoreceptor 1 to form an electrostatic latent image around the photoreceptor 1. An optical writer to be formed, a developing device for developing an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor 1, a cleaning unit for cleaning the surface of the photoconductor 1, and the like are arranged.
【００１５】また、感光体１の外周には、転写ベルト２
の付近に配置されて感光体１上の電位を下げる転写前除
電ランプ３と、感光体１から転写用紙Ｓを分離する分離
爪４とが設けられている。転写ベルト２は対をなすロー
ラ５，６に巻回されている。これらのローラ５，６を支
持する支持体７はローラ５の軸５ａを中心に感光体１に
対して接近及び離反自在に設けられている。この支持体
７の下方にはＤＣソレノイド８に駆動されて回動するア
ーム９が設けられている。ＤＣソレノイド８は、レジス
トローラ１０により搬送される転写用紙Ｓの先端が感光
体１に接近すると制御回路１１により駆動される。この
ときにアーム９が支持体７を押し上げるため、転写ベル
ト２は図２に示すように転写用紙Ｓを感光体１の外周に
圧接し、モータ（図示せず）でローラ５を駆動すること
により転写ベルト２が反時計方向（矢印Ａ方向）に回転
する。A transfer belt 2 is provided on the outer periphery of the photosensitive member 1.
, A pre-transfer neutralizing lamp 3 for lowering the potential on the photoconductor 1 and a separation claw 4 for separating the transfer paper S from the photoconductor 1 are provided. The transfer belt 2 is wound around rollers 5 and 6 forming a pair. A support 7 for supporting these rollers 5 and 6 is provided so as to be able to approach and separate from the photoreceptor 1 about the shaft 5a of the roller 5 as a center. An arm 9 that is driven by a DC solenoid 8 and rotates is provided below the support 7. The DC solenoid 8 is driven by the control circuit 11 when the leading end of the transfer sheet S conveyed by the registration roller 10 approaches the photoconductor 1. At this time, since the arm 9 pushes up the support 7, the transfer belt 2 presses the transfer sheet S against the outer periphery of the photoreceptor 1 as shown in FIG. 2 and drives the roller 5 by a motor (not shown). The transfer belt 2 rotates in a counterclockwise direction (arrow A direction).
【００１６】転写ベルト２の下流側の端部には、ローラ
５の外周上で転写ベルト２に接触するクリーニングブレ
ード１２を有するクリーニング装置１３が設けられ、そ
のさらに下流側には定着ローラ１４とこれに圧接された
加圧ローラ１５とが回転自在に設けられている。At the downstream end of the transfer belt 2, a cleaning device 13 having a cleaning blade 12 that contacts the transfer belt 2 on the outer periphery of the roller 5 is provided. A pressure roller 15 pressed against the roller is provided rotatably.
【００１７】転写ベルト２は、その内側層の表面に接触
する接触型の転写器（転写ローラ）１６により転写バイ
アスが付与されるため所定の抵抗値をもつ材料により形
成されている。転写器１６は、図２に示すように、感光
体１と転写ベルト２とのニップ部Ｂよりも下流側に配置
され高圧電源１７に接続されている。また、転写ベルト
２の内側の表面には導電性の接触板１８が接触され、こ
の接触板１８には高圧電源１７を制御する転写制御板１
９が接続されている。接触板１８は転写ベルト２に流れ
る電流を帰還電流として検出して転写制御板１９にフィ
ードバックするため、ローラ６は金属等の導電性材料に
より形成されているが、転写ベルト２以外の他の導電性
部材には電気的に接続されてはいない。The transfer belt 2 is made of a material having a predetermined resistance value because a transfer bias is applied by a contact type transfer unit (transfer roller) 16 which contacts the surface of the inner layer. As shown in FIG. 2, the transfer device 16 is disposed downstream of the nip portion B between the photoconductor 1 and the transfer belt 2 and is connected to a high-voltage power supply 17. Further, a conductive contact plate 18 is in contact with the inner surface of the transfer belt 2, and the transfer control plate 1 for controlling the high voltage power supply 17 is in contact with the contact plate 18.
9 is connected. Since the contact plate 18 detects a current flowing through the transfer belt 2 as a feedback current and feeds it back to the transfer control plate 19, the roller 6 is formed of a conductive material such as a metal. It is not electrically connected to the conductive member.
【００１８】一方、感光体１は、その表面が例えば−８
００Ｖに帯電した状態とされ、図３に示すように、表面
にプラスに帯電したトナーを静電的に吸着した状態でニ
ップ部Ｂに移動する。この過程で転写前除電ランプ３に
より電荷が弱められる。プラスの極性とともに示す丸印
はトナーで、その丸印の大きさが小さくなった状態が電
荷の弱められた状態である。On the other hand, the surface of the photosensitive member 1 is, for example, -8.
The toner is charged to 00 V, and as shown in FIG. 3, the toner moves to the nip portion B in a state where the toner positively charged on the surface is electrostatically attracted. In this process, the charge is weakened by the pre-transfer charge eliminating lamp 3. A circle with a positive polarity is a toner, and the state where the size of the circle is small is a state where the charge is weakened.
【００１９】図２に示すニップ部Ｂにおいて、感光体１
上のトナーは、転写器１６から与えられる転写バイアス
により転写用紙Ｓに移転する。転写バイアスは例えば−
１．５ｋＶ〜−６．５ｋＶの範囲で高圧電源１７から印
加されるが、この場合、高圧電源１７から出力された電
流値をＩ1とし、転写ベルト２を介して接触板１８から
接地側に流れる電流値をＩ2とすると、 Ｉ1−Ｉ2＝Ｉout （但し、Ｉout は一定） の関係が得られるように、転写制御板１９は高圧電源１
７からの出力を制御する。これは、温度、湿度等の環境
条件の変化や、転写ベルト２の製造品質に生ずるバラツ
キに拘らず、転写用紙Ｓ上での表面電位を安定させるこ
とによって、転写効率の変化をなくすためである。すな
わち、転写ベルト２及び転写用紙Ｓを通して感光体１側
に流れる電流をＩout として見立てることにより、転写
用紙Ｓ上での表面抵抗の低抵抗化或いは高抵抗化による
転写ベルト２への電流の流れ易さの変化が、転写用紙Ｓ
の分離性能や転写性能に影響することを防止するように
構成されている。In the nip portion B shown in FIG.
The upper toner is transferred to the transfer sheet S by the transfer bias applied from the transfer unit 16. For example, the transfer bias is −
The voltage is applied from the high-voltage power supply 17 in the range of 1.5 kV to -6.5 kV. In this case, the current value output from the high-voltage power supply 17 is I 1, and the contact plate 18 is transferred from the contact plate 18 to the ground via the transfer belt 2. If the value of the flowing current is I 2 , the transfer control plate 19 is connected to the high-voltage power supply 1 so that the following relationship is obtained: I 1 −I 2 = I out (where I out is constant).
7 is controlled. This is to stabilize the surface potential on the transfer paper S, regardless of changes in environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, and variations in the production quality of the transfer belt 2, thereby eliminating a change in transfer efficiency. . In other words, the current flow of the current flowing to the photosensitive member 1 side through the transfer belt 2 and the transfer sheet S by Mitateru as I out, the transfer belt 2 by the low resistance or high resistance of the surface resistance on the transfer paper S The change in ease is caused by the transfer paper S
Is configured to prevent the separation performance and transfer performance from being affected.
【００２０】感光体１からの画像転写が行われると転写
用紙Ｓも帯電する。従って、転写ベルト２の真電荷と転
写用紙Ｓ側に発生する分極電荷との関係により、転写用
紙Ｓを転写ベルト２の上に静電的に吸着して感光体１か
らの転写用紙Ｓの分離がなされる。そして、感光体１の
極率分離を利用した転写用紙Ｓ自身の腰の強さによる感
光体１からの剥離動作によって感光体１からの分離が助
長される。When the image transfer from the photosensitive member 1 is performed, the transfer paper S is also charged. Therefore, the transfer sheet S is electrostatically attracted onto the transfer belt 2 and the transfer sheet S is separated from the photoconductor 1 by the relationship between the true charge of the transfer belt 2 and the polarization charge generated on the transfer sheet S side. Is made. Then, the separation from the photoconductor 1 is promoted by the peeling operation from the photoconductor 1 by the strength of the stiffness of the transfer sheet S utilizing the polar separation of the photoconductor 1.
【００２１】しかし、転写ベルト２の電荷により転写用
紙Ｓの静電吸着は、環境条件の変化により、高湿度の場
合には転写用紙Ｓに電流が流れ易くなるので感光体１か
らの転写用紙Ｓの分離が行いにくくなる。このため、こ
の例では、転写器１６をニップ部Ｂより下流側に位置さ
せ、転写ベルト２から転写用紙Ｓへの真電荷の移行を遅
らせ、転写用紙Ｓが感光体１に静電的に吸着されないよ
うになっている。However, the electrostatic attraction of the transfer sheet S due to the electric charge of the transfer belt 2 causes a current to easily flow through the transfer sheet S at high humidity due to a change in environmental conditions. Separation becomes difficult. For this reason, in this example, the transfer unit 16 is positioned downstream of the nip portion B, delaying the transfer of true charges from the transfer belt 2 to the transfer sheet S, and the transfer sheet S is electrostatically attracted to the photoconductor 1. Not to be.
【００２２】この場合、転写用紙Ｓに真電荷の移行を遅
らせるということは、転写用紙Ｓがニップ部Ｂに至るま
での上流側において転写用紙Ｓを帯電させないことを意
味している。これにより、感光体１への転写用紙Ｓの巻
き付きを防止している。In this case, delaying the transfer of the true charges to the transfer sheet S means that the transfer sheet S is not charged on the upstream side until the transfer sheet S reaches the nip portion B. This prevents the transfer sheet S from winding around the photoconductor 1.
【００２３】次に、本発明の転写ベルト２の構成につい
て具体的に説明する。図４に示すように、転写ベルト２
は、感光体１に接触する表面層２ａと、感光体１とは反
対側の内側層２ｂとよりなる２層構造をもつ。この転写
ベルト２は環境変化により抵抗変化の少ない材料により
形成されている。例えば、弾性体としてゴムベルトを用
いた場合には、クロロプレーンゴム、ＥＰＤＭ（エチレ
ン・プロピレン共重合体）ゴム、シリコンゴム、エピク
ロルゴム、等の吸湿性が少ない材料を用い、安定した表
面抵抗率を得るために、適量のカーボンや酸化亜鉛等を
添加する。そして、このような材料のゴム層を内側層２
ｂとし、その感光体１側の表面に形成されたテフロン等
のコーティング層を表面層２ａとした転写ベルト２を用
いている。Next, the configuration of the transfer belt 2 of the present invention will be specifically described. As shown in FIG.
Has a two-layer structure including a surface layer 2a in contact with the photoconductor 1 and an inner layer 2b on the opposite side of the photoconductor 1. The transfer belt 2 is formed of a material having a small resistance change due to an environmental change. For example, when a rubber belt is used as the elastic body, a material having low hygroscopicity such as chloroprene rubber, EPDM (ethylene-propylene copolymer) rubber, silicon rubber, epichloro rubber, etc. is used to obtain a stable surface resistivity. For this purpose, an appropriate amount of carbon or zinc oxide is added. Then, a rubber layer of such a material is formed on the inner layer 2.
b, a transfer belt 2 having a surface layer 2a of a coating layer such as Teflon formed on the surface of the photoreceptor 1 is used.
【００２４】ここで、内側層２ｂの表面抵抗率を５．５
×１０8 、４．０×１０9 、２．０×１０11、２．５×
１０12と変えた転写ベルト２を試料として用意し、それ
ぞれの試料について高圧電源１７から転写器１６に流す
転写電流変えて画像白抜けの有無を検査した。その結果
を表１に示す。Here, the surface resistivity of the inner layer 2b is set to 5.5.
× 10 8 , 4.0 × 10 9 , 2.0 × 10 11 , 2.5 ×
The transfer belt 2 changed to 10 12 was prepared as a sample, and for each sample, the presence or absence of image white spots was inspected by changing the transfer current flowing from the high voltage power supply 17 to the transfer device 16. Table 1 shows the results.
【００２５】[0025]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２６】表１の画像白抜けの判定結果において、○
印は良好、△印はやや良好、×印は不良である。この結
果、転写ベルト２の内側層２ｂの表面抵抗率が１０8 オ
ーダーの場合には、ごく限られた転写電流の範囲でのみ
良い結果を得ることができなかったが、１０9 Ω／□以
上の値に規制することにより、一部の転写電流の範囲を
除いて比較的広範囲の転写電流を流しても、画像白抜け
のない結果が得られた。In the results of the image white spot determination shown in Table 1,
The mark is good, the mark is slightly good, and the mark is bad. As a result, when the surface resistivity of the inner layer 2b of the transfer belt 2 was on the order of 10 8 , good results could not be obtained only in a very limited range of transfer current, but it was 10 9 Ω / □ or more. By regulating the value to the above value, a result without image white spots was obtained even when a relatively wide range of transfer current was applied except for a part of the transfer current range.
【００２７】すなわち、転写ベルト２の感光体１とは反
対側の内側層（ゴム層）２ｂの転写器１６と接触する表
面の表面抵抗率の下限を１０9 Ω／□と規制することに
より、転写ベルト２の内側から転写バイアスを付与した
場合に、転写ニップ部Ｂの直前における転写ベルト２の
電位が規制され、感光体１と転写用紙Ｓとの間での放電
が防止され、これにより、画像白抜けの発生を防止する
ことができることが確認された。これは請求項１に対応
する効果である。That is, by regulating the lower limit of the surface resistivity of the surface of the inner layer (rubber layer) 2b of the transfer belt 2 opposite to the photoreceptor 1 which is in contact with the transfer unit 16 to 10 9 Ω / □, When a transfer bias is applied from the inside of the transfer belt 2, the potential of the transfer belt 2 immediately before the transfer nip portion B is regulated, and discharge between the photoreceptor 1 and the transfer sheet S is prevented. It was confirmed that the occurrence of image white spots could be prevented. This is an effect corresponding to claim 1.
【００２８】次に、図５に示すよに、縦軸に転写ベルト
２の内側層２ｂの表面抵抗率をとり、横軸に転写ベルト
２の表面層２ａの表面抵抗率をとり、表面層２ａの表面
抵抗率と内側層２ｂの表面抵抗率との組合せを変えた転
写ベルト２が、画像白抜けの面でどのような結果を示す
ものかを実験した。この実験は、表面層２ａと内側層２
ｂとの表面抵抗率の異なる組合せの転写ベルト２を試料
として用意し、その転写ベルト２を画像形成装置に実装
した結果である。Next, as shown in FIG. 5, the vertical axis indicates the surface resistivity of the inner layer 2b of the transfer belt 2, and the horizontal axis indicates the surface resistivity of the surface layer 2a of the transfer belt 2. An experiment was conducted to determine what kind of result the transfer belt 2 in which the combination of the surface resistivity of the transfer belt 2 and the surface resistivity of the inner layer 2b was changed showed an image white spot. In this experiment, the surface layer 2a and the inner layer 2
This is a result of preparing a transfer belt 2 having a combination of surface resistivity different from that of b as a sample and mounting the transfer belt 2 in an image forming apparatus.
【００２９】図５の画像白抜けの判定結果において、○
印及び□印は良好、×印は不良である。○印と□印との
違いは表面抵抗率は変わらないが材質等の点で異なるの
みである。この結果によれば、内側層２の表面抵抗率を
１０9 Ω／□以上の値に規制し、表面層２ａの表面抵抗
率の値を１０14Ω／□以下の値に規制した。従って、転
写ベルト２の表面層２ａの表面抵抗率の上限を規制する
ことにより、感光体１と転写用紙Ｓとの間での放電が防
止され、画像白抜けのない画像が得られた。これは請求
項２の発明に対応する効果である。In the determination result of the image white spot shown in FIG.
The marks and □ marks are good, and the x marks are bad. The difference between the 印 marks and the □ marks is that the surface resistivity does not change, but only differs in the material and the like. According to this result, the surface resistivity of the inner layer 2 was regulated to a value of 10 9 Ω / □ or more, and the surface resistivity of the surface layer 2a was regulated to a value of 10 14 Ω / □ or less. Therefore, by regulating the upper limit of the surface resistivity of the surface layer 2a of the transfer belt 2, discharge between the photoreceptor 1 and the transfer sheet S was prevented, and an image without image white spots was obtained. This is an effect corresponding to the second aspect of the present invention.
【００３０】以上は、画像白抜けの良否についての確認
のための実験であるが、次に、画像白抜けのない表面抵
抗率の条件を満たしながら転写用紙Ｓの搬送性の良否の
確認のための実験結果を示す。なお、転写用紙Ｓの搬送
性は、感光体１からの転写用紙Ｓの分離性、転写ベルト
２による転写用紙Ｓの吸着性によって判断する。The above is an experiment for confirming the quality of image white spots. Next, for the purpose of checking the quality of transferability of the transfer sheet S while satisfying the condition of surface resistivity without image white spots. Shows the experimental results. The transfer property of the transfer sheet S is determined based on the separating property of the transfer sheet S from the photoconductor 1 and the attraction property of the transfer sheet S by the transfer belt 2.
【００３１】転写用紙Ｓの搬送性を確認する実験も、表
面層２ａと内側層２ｂとの表面抵抗率の異なる組合せの
転写ベルト２を試料として用意し、その転写ベルト２を
画像形成装置に実装した実験であり、その結果を表２及
び図６に示す。In an experiment for confirming the transportability of the transfer sheet S, a transfer belt 2 having a combination of a surface layer 2a and an inner layer 2b having different surface resistivity was prepared as a sample, and the transfer belt 2 was mounted on an image forming apparatus. The results are shown in Table 2 and FIG.
【００３２】[0032]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００３３】表２及び図６の搬送性（感光体１からの転
写用紙Ｓの分離性）の判定結果において、○印は良好、
×印は不良、△はやや良好である。表２の実験の結果で
は、試料Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄの転写ベルト２を用いた場合に
転写用紙Ｓの搬送性が良好であるが、他の試料の転写ベ
ルト２を用いた場合の搬送性は不良である。Ａ〜Ｄの転
写ベルト２は全て内側層２ｂの表面抵抗率が１０9 Ω／
□以上に規制され、表面層２ａの表面抵抗率が１０8 Ω
／□以上に規制されている。同様に、図６から明らかな
ように、転写ベルト２の内側層２ｂの表面抵抗率が１０
9 Ω／□以上であって、転写ベルト２の表面層２ａの表
面抵抗率が１０8 Ω／□以上に規制した場合には、何れ
も転写用紙Ｓの搬送性が良好であることが確認された。
図６のグラフにおいて、斜線を引いたエリアは搬送性が
良好なエリアである。これは請求項３記載の発明に対応
する効果である。In Table 2 and the determination results of the transportability (separability of the transfer paper S from the photoreceptor 1) shown in FIG.
X mark is bad, and Δ is somewhat good. According to the results of the experiment in Table 2, the transfer property of the transfer paper S is good when the transfer belt 2 of the samples A, B, C, and D is used, but the transfer when the transfer belt 2 of another sample is used. Sex is poor. In all of the transfer belts A to D, the surface resistivity of the inner layer 2b is 10 9 Ω /.
□ The surface resistivity of the surface layer 2a is restricted to 10 8 Ω
/ □ or more. Similarly, as apparent from FIG. 6, the surface resistivity of the inner layer 2b of the transfer belt 2 is 10
When the transfer rate is 9 Ω / □ or more and the surface resistivity of the surface layer 2 a of the transfer belt 2 is regulated to 10 8 Ω / □ or more, it is confirmed that the transferability of the transfer paper S is good. Was.
In the graph of FIG. 6, the hatched area is an area having good transportability. This is an effect corresponding to the third aspect of the present invention.
【００３４】また、表２の結果によれば、表面層２ａの
表面抵抗率が内側層２ｂの表面抵抗率と同等又はそれよ
り小さい値に規制されているＡないしＤの転写ベルト２
は、全て転写用紙Ｓの搬送性（感光体１からの転写用紙
Ｓの分離性）が良いことが確認される。これは請求項４
の発明に対応する効果である。According to the results shown in Table 2, the transfer belts A to D in which the surface resistivity of the surface layer 2a is regulated to a value equal to or smaller than the surface resistivity of the inner layer 2b.
Indicates that the transfer property of the transfer sheet S (separability of the transfer sheet S from the photoreceptor 1) is good. This is claim 4
This is an effect corresponding to the invention of the above.
【００３５】さらに、表２において、試料Ｉ，Ｊと試料
Ａ〜Ｄとを比較すれば分かるが、内側層２ｂの表面抵抗
率が１０9 Ω／□以上であっても、表面層２ａの表面抵
抗率が１０8 Ω／□より低い場合は搬送性（感光体１か
らの転写用紙Ｓの分離性）が悪い。また、試料Ｅ〜Ｈと
試料Ａ〜Ｄとを比較すれば分かるが、表面層２ａの表面
抵抗率が１０8 Ω／□以上あっても、内側層２ｂの表面
抵抗率が１０9 Ω／□より小さい場合は搬送性が悪い。
これは、請求項３及び４の要件を満たさないと良好な搬
送性が得られないことを意味する。Further, in Table 2, it can be seen by comparing Samples I and J with Samples A to D. Even if the surface resistivity of the inner layer 2b is 10 9 Ω / □ or more, the surface of the surface layer 2a can be understood. If the resistivity is lower than 10 8 Ω / □, the transportability (separability of the transfer paper S from the photoconductor 1) is poor. Further, as can be seen by comparing Samples E to H and Samples A to D, even if the surface resistivity of the surface layer 2a is 10 8 Ω / □ or more, the surface resistivity of the inner layer 2b is 10 9 Ω / □. If smaller, the transportability is poor.
This means that good transportability cannot be obtained unless the requirements of Claims 3 and 4 are satisfied.
【００３６】表３は、請求項４の条件を満たす範囲で、
転写ベルト２の内側層２ｂの表面抵抗率を変えて転写不
良による異常画像について調べた実験結果である。Table 3 shows that within the range satisfying the condition of claim 4,
9 is an experimental result obtained by examining an abnormal image due to poor transfer while changing the surface resistivity of the inner layer 2 b of the transfer belt 2.
【００３７】[0037]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００３８】表３に示す結果によれば、内側層２ｂの表
面抵抗率が、下限の１０9 Ω／□より極めて小さい（８
×１０6 Ω／□）転写ベルト２や、上限の１０14Ω／□
を超えた転写ベルト２を用いた場合に、転写不良による
異常画像が認められた。すなわち、請求項４の発明の構
成を前提に、転写ベルト２の内側層２ａの表面抵抗率の
上限を１０14Ω／□以下の値に規制することにより、感
光体と転写用紙との間での放電が防止され、これによ
り、その放電による画像白抜けとは異なる転写不良によ
る異常画像の発生を防止することができることが確認さ
れた。これは請求項５に対応する効果である。According to the results shown in Table 3, the surface resistivity of the inner layer 2b is extremely smaller than the lower limit of 10 9 Ω / □ (8
× 10 6 Ω / □) Transfer belt 2 or the upper limit of 10 14 Ω / □
When the transfer belt 2 exceeded the limit, an abnormal image due to poor transfer was observed. That is, the upper limit of the surface resistivity of the inner layer 2a of the transfer belt 2 is restricted to a value of 10 14 Ω / □ or less on the premise of the structure of the invention of claim 4, so that the distance between the photoreceptor and the transfer paper is reduced. It has been confirmed that the occurrence of an abnormal image due to a transfer failure different from image white spots due to the discharge can be prevented. This is an effect corresponding to claim 5.
【００３９】[0039]
【発明の効果】請求項１の発明は、転写バイアスを付与
した転写ベルトにより転写用紙を搬送する過程で、感光
体の表面に形成したトナー画像を転写用紙に転写するよ
うにした転写装置において、転写ベルトの前記感光体と
は反対側の内側層の表面抵抗率の値を１０9 Ω／□以上
の値に規制したので、転写ベルトの内側層の表面抵抗率
の下限を規制することにより、転写ベルトの内側から転
写バイアスを付与した場合に、転写ニップ部の直前にお
ける転写ベルトの電位を規制し、感光体と転写用紙との
間での放電を防止することができる。これにより、画像
白抜けの発生を防止することができる。According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a transfer apparatus for transferring a toner image formed on a surface of a photoreceptor to a transfer sheet in a process of transferring the transfer sheet by a transfer belt to which a transfer bias is applied. Since the value of the surface resistivity of the inner layer of the transfer belt opposite to the photoreceptor was regulated to a value of 10 9 Ω / □ or more, by regulating the lower limit of the surface resistivity of the inner layer of the transfer belt, When a transfer bias is applied from the inside of the transfer belt, the potential of the transfer belt immediately before the transfer nip portion is regulated, and discharge between the photoconductor and the transfer paper can be prevented. As a result, it is possible to prevent image white spots from occurring.
【００４０】請求項２の発明は、請求項１の発明におい
て、転写ベルトの感光体側の表面層の表面抵抗率の値を
１０14Ω／□以下の値に規制したので、転写ベルトの表
面層の表面抵抗の上限を規制することにより、感光体と
転写用紙との間での放電を防止することができる。これ
により、画像白抜けの発生を防止することができる。According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the surface resistivity of the surface layer of the transfer belt on the photosensitive member side is regulated to a value of 10 14 Ω / □ or less. By regulating the upper limit of the surface resistance, it is possible to prevent discharge between the photoconductor and the transfer paper. As a result, it is possible to prevent image white spots from occurring.
【００４１】請求項３の発明は、請求項１又は２の発明
において、転写ベルトの表面層の表面抵抗率の値を１０
8 Ω／□以上の値に規制したので、請求項１又は２の発
明と同様に、感光体と転写用紙との間での放電を防止す
ることができる。これにより、画像白抜けの発生を防止
することができる。さらに、転写ベルトの表面層の表面
抵抗率の下限が規制されるため、転写ベルトの表面層の
電荷が感光体から転写用紙を吸引するに適した値に維持
される。従って、感光体からの転写用紙の分離を分離爪
に依存する必要がなく、これにより、転写用紙に分離爪
の爪跡が残ることを回避し、転写用紙の搬送性（感光体
からの転写用紙の分離性）を向上させることができる。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the surface resistivity of the surface layer of the transfer belt is set to 10%.
Since the value is regulated to 8 Ω / □ or more, it is possible to prevent discharge between the photoreceptor and the transfer paper as in the first or second aspect of the present invention. As a result, it is possible to prevent image white spots from occurring. Further, since the lower limit of the surface resistivity of the surface layer of the transfer belt is regulated, the electric charge of the surface layer of the transfer belt is maintained at a value suitable for sucking the transfer paper from the photoconductor. Therefore, there is no need to rely on the separation claw to separate the transfer paper from the photoconductor, thereby preventing the claw marks of the separation claw from remaining on the transfer paper, and improving the transportability of the transfer paper (the transfer paper transfer from the photoconductor). (Separability) can be improved.
【００４２】請求項４の発明は、請求項３の発明におい
て、転写ベルトの表面層の表面抵抗率の値を、内側層の
表面抵抗率と同等又はそれより小さい値に規制したの
で、請求項３の発明と同様の効果が得られるとともに、
転写ベルトの表面層の電荷が感光体から転写用紙を吸引
するに適した値以上に高まることがない。従って、感光
体からの転写用紙の分離を分離爪に依存する必要がな
く、これにより、転写用紙に分離爪の爪跡が残ることを
回避し、転写用紙の搬送性（感光体からの転写用紙の分
離性）を向上させることができる。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect of the invention, the value of the surface resistivity of the surface layer of the transfer belt is regulated to a value equal to or smaller than the surface resistivity of the inner layer. The same effects as those of the third invention can be obtained,
The electric charge of the surface layer of the transfer belt does not increase more than a value suitable for sucking the transfer paper from the photoconductor. Therefore, there is no need to rely on the separation claw to separate the transfer paper from the photoconductor, thereby preventing the claw marks of the separation claw from remaining on the transfer paper, and improving the transportability of the transfer paper (the transfer paper transfer from the photoconductor). (Separability) can be improved.
【００４３】請求項５の発明は、請求項４の発明におい
て、転写ベルトの内側層の表面抵抗率の値を１０14Ω／
□以下の値に規制したので、請求項４の発明と同様の効
果が得られるとともに、転写ベルトの内側層の表面抵抗
の上限を規制することにより、感光体と転写用紙との間
での放電を防止することができる。これにより、その放
電による画像白抜けとは異なる転写不良による異常画像
の発生を防止することができる。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the fourth aspect, the value of the surface resistivity of the inner layer of the transfer belt is set to 10 14 Ω /.
□ Since the value is regulated to the following value, the same effect as the invention of claim 4 can be obtained, and the discharge between the photoconductor and the transfer paper is restricted by regulating the upper limit of the surface resistance of the inner layer of the transfer belt. Can be prevented. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of an abnormal image due to a transfer failure different from the image white spot due to the discharge.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]
【図１】本発明の実施の一形態における転写前の状態を
示す正面図である。FIG. 1 is a front view showing a state before transfer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】転写中の動作を示す正面図である。FIG. 2 is a front view showing an operation during transfer.
【図３】転写中の動作を拡大して示す正面図である。FIG. 3 is an enlarged front view showing an operation during transfer.
【図４】転写ベルトの断面図である。FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a transfer belt.
【図５】画像白抜けの有無を示す実験により示すグラフ
である。FIG. 5 is a graph showing an experiment showing the presence or absence of image white spots.
【図６】転写用紙の搬送性の良否を実験により示すグラ
フである。FIG. 6 is a graph showing experimentally the quality of transfer sheet transportability.
１ 感光体 ２ 転写ベルト ２ａ 表面層 ２ｂ 内側層 Ｓ 転写用紙 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Photoconductor 2 Transfer belt 2a Surface layer 2b Inner layer S Transfer paper
Claims (5)
転写バイアスを付与した転写ベルトにより転写用紙を搬
送する過程でその転写用紙に転写するようにした転写装
置において、前記転写ベルトの前記感光体とは反対側の
内側層の表面抵抗率の値を１０9 Ω／□以上の値に規制
したことを特徴とする転写装置。1. A toner image formed on a surface of a photoreceptor,
In a transfer apparatus in which a transfer paper is transferred onto a transfer sheet while the transfer sheet is being conveyed by a transfer belt to which a transfer bias is applied, the surface resistivity of the inner layer of the transfer belt opposite to the photoconductor is set to 10 A transfer device characterized by regulating the value to 9 Ω / □ or more.
抗率の値を１０14Ω／□以下の値に規制したことを特徴
とする請求項１記載の転写装置。2. The transfer device according to claim 1, wherein the surface resistivity of the surface layer of the transfer belt on the photoconductor side is regulated to a value of 10 14 Ω / □ or less.
１０8 Ω／□以上の値に規制したことを特徴とする請求
項１又は２記載の転写装置。3. The transfer device according to claim 1, wherein the surface resistivity of the surface layer of the transfer belt is regulated to a value of 10 8 Ω / □ or more.
を、内側層の表面抵抗率と同等又はそれより小さい値に
規制したことを特徴とする請求項３記載の転写装置。4. The transfer apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the surface resistivity of the surface layer of the transfer belt is regulated to a value equal to or smaller than the surface resistivity of the inner layer.
１０14Ω／□以下の値に規制したことを特徴とする請求
項４記載の転写装置。5. The transfer device according to claim 4, wherein the value of the surface resistivity of the inner layer of the transfer belt is restricted to a value of 10 14 Ω / □ or less.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27182097A JPH10213974A (en) | 1996-11-28 | 1997-10-06 | Transfer device |
| US09/070,605 US5930573A (en) | 1997-10-06 | 1998-05-01 | Image forming apparatus and image transferring device thereof having conveying member with selected surface resistivity |
| DE19820249A DE19820249C2 (en) | 1997-10-06 | 1998-05-06 | A conveying member for conveying a recording medium in an image forming apparatus and an image forming apparatus having this conveying member |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8-317228 | 1996-11-28 | ||
| JP31722896 | 1996-11-28 | ||
| JP27182097A JPH10213974A (en) | 1996-11-28 | 1997-10-06 | Transfer device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10213974A true JPH10213974A (en) | 1998-08-11 |
Family
ID=26549901
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27182097A Pending JPH10213974A (en) | 1996-11-28 | 1997-10-06 | Transfer device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH10213974A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1376245A3 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2005-06-01 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic member, process cartridge and image forming apparatus |
| JP2009093019A (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2009-04-30 | Bridgestone Corp | Conductive endless belt |
| JP2010208803A (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-24 | Nitto Denko Corp | Carrier belt |
| US8290411B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2012-10-16 | Ricoh Company, Limited | Image forming apparatus having a pre-transfer neutralizing device to reduce an electric potential to facilitate separation |
| JP2013088599A (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-05-13 | Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd | Endless belt |
-
1997
- 1997-10-06 JP JP27182097A patent/JPH10213974A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1376245A3 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2005-06-01 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic member, process cartridge and image forming apparatus |
| US7341813B2 (en) | 2002-06-26 | 2008-03-11 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic member, process cartridge and image forming apparatus |
| JP2009093019A (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2009-04-30 | Bridgestone Corp | Conductive endless belt |
| US8290411B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2012-10-16 | Ricoh Company, Limited | Image forming apparatus having a pre-transfer neutralizing device to reduce an electric potential to facilitate separation |
| US8396386B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2013-03-12 | Ricoh Company, Limited | Image forming apparatus which controls a transfer bias to a leading edge of a recording medium |
| JP2010208803A (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-24 | Nitto Denko Corp | Carrier belt |
| JP2013088599A (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-05-13 | Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd | Endless belt |
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