JPH10211196A - X-ray ct scanner - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To generate the three-dimensional tomographic images in a desired direction of an interested region without moving a subject by gathering projection data successively detected by a two-dimensional X-ray detection means, computing three-dimensional tomographic image data from the gathered projection data and generating the tomographic image of a desired slice position. SOLUTION: At the time of tomography, the subject is placed at a position for radiating X-rays to the interested area of the testee body between a scanning type X-ray source 2 and a two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 first. Then, the X-rays are radiated from the X-ray elements 1... of the scanning type X-ray source 2 and X-ray signals are detected in the detectors 4... of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5. Then, digitized projection data are transferred to a data gathering part 9 and stored, and in the case that the X-rays are radiated from all the X-ray elements 1 and scanning is ended, the obtained projection data are read, three-dimensional data for which the surface of the X-ray source 2 is an upper surface and the surface of the X-ray detector 5 is a bottom surface are arithmetically processed, the slice position is specified by an indication part 15 while looking at a display part 12 and the desired tomographic image is displayed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an X-ray CT (Co-Coupling) that scans an X-ray and performs tomography of a subject.
More particularly, the present invention relates to an X-ray CT scanner device having no gantry and capable of performing tomography without moving a subject being processed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional X-ray CT scanner, an object is arranged between an X-ray tube and a detector arranged opposite to each other, an X-ray is scanned on the object, and the object is scanned. The tomography of the region of interest on which X-rays are projected is performed. Broadly, the scanning method includes a method in which the subject is rotated to collect projection data, and a method in which the X-ray tube and the detector are integrally rotated around the subject to collect projection data.

In general, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-67445, when a human is used as a subject, the subject is placed on a bed and placed in a gantry having a rotatable X-ray tube and a detector. Then, the subject is moved together with the couch to reconstruct a tomographic image of the region of interest.

In the arrangement of the X-ray tube and the detector of the gantry, an X-ray tube for irradiating X-rays in a fan shape and a detector arranged in a fan shape are arranged to face each other, and the periphery of the subject is integrally formed. A method of rotating, and a method of arranging a number of detectors so as to be in close contact on the circumference surrounding the subject, and rotating one X-ray tube for irradiating X-rays in a wide-angle fan shape 360 degrees around the subject There is. In recent years, a method in which only the X-ray tube rotates has been used in many cases in order to reduce the accuracy and the scan time.

Further, there is an X-ray image apparatus that performs an X-ray raster scan without using a gantry disclosed in JP-A-6-217964 and performs photographing. In this apparatus, an electron beam is caused to collide with a conductive anode electrode to emit X-rays. The electron beam is swept and scanned in the X-axis and Y-axis directions by a beam deflector to scan the X-rays. A scanning X-ray source (or a scanning X-ray tube) for generating a laser beam and one small detector that does not move to a position facing the subject with the scanning X-ray source interposed therebetween.

[0006]

The above-mentioned conventional X-ray C
In order to perform tomography, the T-scanner device has to put a subject in a gantry.

[0007] Assuming an example in which an operation is to be performed while confirming this subject as a patient by tomography, if it is desired to confirm the processing performed during the operation, every time the tomography is performed, Surgery had to be interrupted and the patient moved to a gantry. The space inside the gantry is also limited, and when the patient is moved into the gantry, the medical equipment used for the operation is in the way, so it may not be possible to move without removing it.

Therefore, an X-ray CT equipped with a conventional gantry
In the scanner device, processing performed on the subject is forced to be interrupted every time tomography is performed due to a space problem due to the gantry, and the processing location is confirmed by tomography while performing smooth processing on the subject. It was difficult.

An X-ray imaging apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 6-217964, which is capable of raster-scanning an X-ray emission point, detects with only one small detector and enlarges a small region of interest. High resolution (high resolution), but only a two-dimensional image could be obtained.

Therefore, the present invention eliminates the gantry, provides a sufficient space around the subject, performs processing on the subject, and captures three-dimensional tomographic data of the region of interest without moving the subject. It is an object of the present invention to provide an X-ray CT scanner capable of obtaining a tomographic image in a desired direction and confirming a current state.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a scanning X-ray source provided with an X-ray emitting point for emitting X-rays capable of two-dimensional scanning, and the scanning X-ray source. And an X-ray emission point X
A two-dimensional X-ray detection unit capable of two-dimensional scanning arranged to face the line emission surface, and scanning control for scanning so that X-rays are sequentially emitted from each X-ray emission point of the scanning X-ray source Means for collecting projection data detected by the two-dimensional X-ray detecting means sequentially; and calculating three-dimensional tomographic image data from the collected projection data to generate a tomographic image at a desired slice position. An X-ray CT scanner device comprising:

A scanning X-ray source provided so that an X-ray emission point for emitting X-rays can be two-dimensionally scanned; two-dimensional X-ray detection means for outputting an X-ray signal based on the incident X-ray; An X-ray radiating surface of the X-ray source and an incident surface of the two-dimensional X-ray detecting means connected so as to face each other, and supporting the movable X-ray source while maintaining the facing state; Scanning control means for scanning so that X-rays are sequentially emitted from each X-ray emission point; data collection means for collecting projection data detected by the two-dimensional X-ray detection means; Tomographic image data for generating a tomographic image of a desired slice position, and a tomographic image generating means for obtaining a tomographic image of a desired slice position.
Provided is an X-ray CT scanner capable of approaching a subject interposed between two-dimensional X-ray detection means from at least three directions.

With the X-ray CT scanner apparatus having the above-described structure, the scanning type X-ray source and the two-dimensional X-ray detector are connected by a support without using a gantry. There is sufficient space around the three or four sides to directly approach the subject.

The projection data obtained from the X-ray CT scanner of the present invention is three-dimensional data, and a desired tomographic image is displayed only by specifying a slice position. Further, the start position and the end position of the slice plane, that is, the start position and the end position of the X-ray emission of the scanning X-ray source, and the start position and the end position of the two-dimensional X-ray detector are designated by the instruction unit on the screen of the display unit. By specifying the position, a tomographic image of not only a slice plane perpendicular to the subject but also an oblique slice plane whose angle is freely set is generated.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1A shows a schematic configuration example of a first embodiment of the X-ray CT scanner according to the present invention.

This X-ray CT scanner apparatus comprises a scanning X-ray source 2 in which X-ray elements 1, which are X-ray emission points, are arranged two-dimensionally, for example, in a matrix so as to spread in a conical or fan shape; 2 for each one of the line elements 1
A scanning control unit 3 that scans dimensionally and emits X-rays from each of them, and a plurality of scanning control units 3 that face the X-ray emitting surface of the X-ray element 1 of the scanning X-ray source 2 so as to sandwich the subject 11. Two-dimensional X in which detectors 4 are arranged in a matrix
A line detector 5, a driver unit 6 for controlling scanning for taking in projection data from each detector 4 of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5, and an amplifier 7 for amplifying an X-ray signal detected by each detector 4. A / D converter 8 which digitizes the amplified output signal and outputs it as projection data
A data collection unit 9 for collecting digitized projection data, a calculation unit 10 for generating a tomographic image at a desired slice position from the collected data, and converting an image signal output from the calculation unit 10 into an analog signal. D / A converter 18
A display unit 12 that displays a tomographic image based on the converted image signal, a printer 13 that prints out the tomographic image, a control unit 14 that controls these components, and a keyboard or a keyboard that gives instructions to the control unit 14. It comprises a pointing unit 15 composed of a joystick, and a support 16 that supports the scanning X-ray source 2 and the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5.

The scanning X-ray source 2 is composed of, for example, an electron gun and an X-ray element composed of a part that emits X-rays when an electron beam emitted from the electron gun strikes the electron gun.
The scanning control unit 3 includes a deflector that deflects the electron beam emitted from the electron gun so as to reach a predetermined X-ray element. The X-ray emitted by one of the X-ray elements spreads conically and is emitted to all the detectors 4 of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5.

The detector 4 of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5
Are arranged in at least two rows and two columns when obtaining projection data as three dimensions. However, the detector 4 may be arranged in one row and one column if projection data of one line (one scan) is sufficient as in the related art, depending on the subject.

Further, in FIG. 1A, the scanning X-ray source 2 and the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 connected by the support 16 are arranged so as to maintain a facing state with the subject 11 interposed therebetween. Although it is arranged in a C-shape or a C-shape, when it is installed indoors, the scanning X-ray source 2 may be mounted on the ceiling side, and the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 may be mounted on the floor side. . The scanning X-ray source 2 may move parallel to the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 within a range where the X-rays reach, or may be inclined, and a driving unit for that may be provided.

With such a configuration, the scanning X-ray sources 2 and 2
A desired tomographic image can be obtained by placing the subject 11 between the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5, radiating the subject 11 so as to scan the X-rays, and imaging the incident X-rays. In particular, the scanning X-ray source 2 and the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 are merely connected by the support 16, and the bed 17 on which the subject 11 is
Ample space is created around one or four sides so that the subject can be approached directly.

When this embodiment is used, for example, for a patient whose subject 11 is undergoing surgery, the patient can be placed on the operating table without moving the patient from the operating table.
The state performed by the operation can be confirmed, and the operation can be performed without interruption.

X-ray C for obtaining a tomographic image by a conventional gantry
When using the T-scanner device during surgery, the space inside the gantry is limited. Usually, only the subject is moved from the operating table and put into the gantry. Surgery has to be interrupted because of this.

[0024] In addition, there is a case where the medical device or the like attached to the patient during the operation cannot be put into the gantry unless it is removed, and if it cannot be removed, an X-ray CT scanner must be used. Can not do.

Next, tomographic imaging by this X-ray CT scanner will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

First, the subject is placed between the scanning X-ray source 2 and the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 at a position where X-rays are emitted to a region of interest where a tomographic image of the subject is desired to be obtained. And the scanning X-ray source 2
The scanning is started from one of the X-ray elements 1 and X-rays are emitted (step S1), and X-ray signals are sequentially detected from all the detectors 4 of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 (step S2). Then, the projection data obtained by digitization is transferred to the data collection unit 9 and stored (steps S3 and S4).

Next, it is determined whether or not X-rays have been emitted from all the X-ray elements 1 of the scanning X-ray source 2 (step S5). X-rays are emitted from 1 (step S6), and the process returns to step S2 to detect an X-ray signal. However, when the scanning of all the X-ray elements 1 of the scanning X-ray source 2 has been completed (YES), the stored projection data is read out from the data acquisition unit 9 (step S7), and the data for generating a tomographic image is obtained. Operation processing is performed (step S8).

Known examples of the arithmetic processing include, for example, a back projection method, a Fourier transform method, a filter correction back projection method, a superposition method, and the like. In the present invention, any one may be used. A detailed description of the calculation processing here is omitted.

Next, the calculated processing result (tomographic image) is
It may be displayed on the display unit 12 or printed out by a printer (step S9).

It is determined whether scanning for obtaining a tomographic image of the same region of interest or another region of interest is continuously performed (step S10). If further tomographic images are required (YES), Returning to step S1, the same processing is repeated. However, if the tomographic image is unnecessary (NO), the process is terminated. In order to scan another region of interest, the scanning X-ray source 2 and the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 or the subject 1
What is necessary is just to move any one bed 17 of one.

According to the procedure described above, in the desired region of interest as shown in FIG. 1B, a three-dimensional object having the surface of the scanning X-ray source 2 as the upper surface and the surface of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 as the lower surface. Three-dimensional data is obtained. This three-dimensional data is subjected to arithmetic processing, and a desired tomographic image can be displayed only by designating a slice position with the instruction unit 15 while looking at the display unit 12.

Here, referring to FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (e),
Generation of a tomographic image by the back projection method in the X-ray CT scanner device of the present embodiment will be described.

As described above, the scanning X-ray source 2 has a plurality of X-ray elements 1 that emit X-rays arranged in a matrix. In addition, a two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 in which a plurality of detectors 4 are arranged in a matrix at a position facing this is provided.

In the meantime, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), when a tomographic image is to be obtained by placing a point-shaped subject 11 having high radiation absorption, the scanning X-ray source 2 must be positioned on a straight line. Three X
As an example, the X-ray emitted from each X-ray element 1a, 1b, 1c to the subject 11 is as follows.
The light reaches the entire surface of the detector 4 of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5.
As shown in FIGS. 3B to 3D, when only the projection (X-ray signal) on the subject is scanned and detected on the corresponding line, back projections a, b, and c are obtained.

As shown in FIG. 3E, a portion where these back projections a, b and c overlap is a high density portion 18.
In this way, a tomographic image can be generated and displayed by the back projection method. In this embodiment, a well-known Courier transform method, a filtered back projection method, a convolution method, and the like can be applied in addition to the back projection method, but the description is omitted here.

The scanning X-ray source 2 emits X-rays by causing an electron beam to collide with a conductive anode electrode. The electron beam is raster-scanned by a beam polarizer to set a scanning point to the X-rays. It may be a radiation point.

Further, the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 may be arranged such that a scintillator is attached on the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device.

Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

In the above-described first embodiment, three-dimensional three-dimensional data having the surface of the scanning X-ray source 2 as the upper surface and the surface of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 as the bottom is obtained. Even when it is desired to observe a tomographic image only at a certain position or to generate a tomographic image at the same slice position again, it takes time to collect data.

Further, when a tomographic image at the same slice position can be repeatedly obtained, the amount of X-ray exposure to the same region of interest increases. Therefore, if X-ray scanning is performed only at the slice position, the amount of exposure can be kept low. it can.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4A, the start position and the end position of the slice plane by the instruction unit 15 on the screen of the display unit 12, that is, the X-ray element of the scanning X-ray source 2. By specifying the start position A and the end position B of the first and the start position A 'and the end position B' of the detector 4 of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5, a required tomographic image can be obtained many times. it can.

By designating the start positions A and A 'and the end positions B and B', not only the slice plane perpendicular to the subject but also the angle as shown in FIG. Can be obtained. According to this embodiment, a high-resolution image can be obtained without having to supplement a tomographic image in a short time.

The generation of a tomographic image by random scanning according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

Here, it is assumed that three-dimensional data has already been obtained. For example, if the subject is a patient undergoing surgery,
First, X-ray scanning of the region of interest is performed to generate a desired tomographic image. Further, when performing a surgical procedure and observing a tomographic image at the same slice position, first, the indicator 15 is operated,
While looking at the display screen of the display unit 12, a scan start position and a scan end position of a desired tomographic image are designated (step S1).
1).

Next, X-rays are emitted from the X-ray element at the designated scanning start position (step S12). The X-rays transmitted through the subject 11 are radiated to the entire surface of the detector 4 of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5, scan each detector 4, and
X-ray signals are sequentially detected (step S13), and the digitized projection data is transferred to the data collection unit 9 and stored (step S14).

Next, it is determined whether or not X-rays have been emitted to the X-ray element 1 at the designated scanning end position (step S15). A line is emitted (step S16), and the process returns to step S13 to detect an X-ray signal. However, if the scanning for one screen of the tomographic image is completed (YES), the projection data for one screen stored from the data collection unit 9 is read out (step S17), and arithmetic processing for generating a tomographic image is performed. (Step S18).

Known examples of the arithmetic processing include, for example, a back projection method, a Fourier transform method, a filter-corrected back projection method, a superposition method, and the like. In the present invention, any one may be used. The description of the calculation processing here is omitted.

Next, the calculated processing result is displayed on the display unit 12.
Or print out by the printer 13 (step S19).

Further, it is determined whether or not to continuously perform scanning for obtaining a new tomographic image (step S20). If a new tomographic image is required (YES), the process returns to step S1.
Repeat the same process. However, if a new tomographic image is unnecessary (NO), the process is terminated.

In this embodiment, when tomographic images at the same slice position are successively generated, the operation of designating the slice position can be omitted, and the temporal change of the subject can be easily obtained as the tomographic image. it can. The display of such a tomographic image is used, for example, in an operation for removing a tumor, and repeatedly observes the latest state of the subject in a short time with a simple operation.
This can be used to determine whether or not it has been completely removed.

Next, referring to FIG. 6, the X-ray C according to the present invention will be described.
A third embodiment of the T scanner will be described.

In the above-described embodiment, when tomographic images at the same slice position are successively obtained, and when it is desired to confirm a portion that has changed with time in the subject, two tomographic images must be compared and searched for. Was. In particular, searching for the change in a short time requires skill and is not easy.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6A, the first tomographic image A tomographically photographed at time t1 is stored as projection data T1, and then, at time t2 after an elapse of an arbitrary time.
Is stored as projection data T2 of a tomographic image B obtained by tomographic imaging at the same slice position as the tomographic image A.

Then, from the projection data T2 to the projection data T
By obtaining the difference of 1 and generating projection data of the difference, a tomographic image showing only the amount of change with time can be obtained. That is,
The projection data of the portion of the subject that does not change even after the elapse of an arbitrary time is removed, and only the changed portion is displayed on the display unit.

If the time setting t is set as an arbitrary time interval and the number of tomographic images is set, it is possible to continuously obtain a tomographic image in which only a portion changed at the same slice position is displayed.

FIG. 6B shows an example of a table for storing projection data. In this table, the position (x, y) of the X-ray element 1 that emits X-rays from the scanning X-ray source 2
And the position (X, Y) of the detector 4 of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 for detecting X-rays and the projection data T1 and T2.

The tomographic imaging of a tomographic image in the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowcharts shown in FIGS.

First, initialization is performed by the instruction unit 15 (step S21). As an initial setting, a time interval T for tomographic imaging and the number of images (number of times of imaging) n are set, and a time t = 0 and a parameter m = 0 are initialized.

Next, it is determined whether the time t = mT, that is, whether the time t has reached the set time interval (step S).
22). When the set time is reached, X-rays are emitted from the X-ray element 1 of the scanning X-ray source 2 along a designated line according to a preset slice position, and a two-dimensional tomographic image 1 is obtained. The projection data for the image is stored in the data collection unit 9 (step S23). Next, the parameter m is changed to m +
It is incremented to 1 (step S24), and it is determined whether or not the new parameter m has reached the set number of images n (step S25).

If the number n of images has not been reached (NO), the flow returns to step S22, and the next tomographic image is taken. However, when the set number n of images has been reached (YES), the tomographic images are read from the data collection unit 9 (step S26), and as described above with reference to FIG. A tomographic image of only a portion of the subject that has changed over time is generated (step S27). The generated tomographic image is displayed on the display unit 12 (step S28).

Here, the tomographic imaging by two-dimensional scanning in step S23 will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

First, the X-ray element 1 of the scanning X-ray source 2
Scanning is started from one of the above, and X-rays are emitted (step S31). X-ray signals are sequentially detected and digitized from the detector 4 of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 (step S3).
2), transfer the obtained projection data to the data collection unit 9,
It is stored (steps S33, S34).

Next, it is determined whether X-rays for one screen of a tomographic image have been emitted from the X-ray element 1 on the set line (step S35).
O), X-rays are emitted from the next X-ray element 1 (step S36), and the process returns to step S32 to detect an X-ray signal again. However, if scanning of the X-ray element 1 on the set line of the scanning X-ray source 2 is completed (YE
S), and proceeds to step S24 in FIG.

In parallel with performing tomography of new projection data by two-dimensional scanning, reading and calculation of projection data previously stored in the data collection unit 9 are performed.
The generated tomographic image may be displayed.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to continuously obtain a tomographic image at a set slice position at a desired time interval. Since only the changed part is displayed, the state of change can be easily grasped.

Next, referring to FIG. 9, the X-ray C according to the present invention will be described.
A fourth embodiment of the T scanner will be described.

In the above-described first embodiment, three-dimensional three-dimensional data in which the entire surface of the scanning X-ray source 2 is the upper surface and the entire surface of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 is the bottom surface is obtained. But,
If the area of interest actually needed was a small area,
Unnecessary projection data is also collected, and the processing time becomes longer.

In this embodiment, an oblique tomographic image of an arbitrary size is obtained from the three-dimensional projection data as shown in FIG. Such a tomographic image is set by operating the instruction unit 15 while viewing the screen displayed on the display unit 12, and the shape (ROI) of the tomographic image is defined by the scanning X-ray source 2 or the two-dimensional X-ray source. Projected onto each surface of the line detector 5,
The corresponding scanning ranges (frames) p and q are set.

In this embodiment, an oblique tomographic image within a set range can be easily obtained in a short time. Further, it is possible to easily create a tomographic image having a certain range of volume.

Referring to the flowchart shown in FIG.
The tomographic imaging of a tomographic image in the present embodiment will be described.

First, the scanning range by the desired obliquely sliced surface set for the subject is set to the scanning type X-ray source 2.
To limit the corresponding scanning range (step S
41, S42). Similarly, the image is projected on the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 and a corresponding scanning range is set (step S43).

Then, scanning is started from one of the X-ray elements 1 within the set range to emit X-rays (step S44), and an X-ray signal is output from the detector 4 of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5. Are sequentially transferred to the data collection unit 9 and stored (steps S45 and S46).

Next, it is determined whether all the X-ray elements 1 within the range set in the scanning X-ray source 2 have been scanned and X-rays have been emitted (step S48). NO), X-rays are emitted from the next X-ray element 1 (step S49), and the process returns to step S45 to detect an X-ray signal. However, if the scanning of the X-ray element 1 within the set range is completed (YES), the stored projection data is read out from the data collection unit 9 (step S4).
9), an arithmetic process for generating a tomographic image is performed (step S50).

Next, the calculated processing result is displayed on the display unit 12.
(Step S51).

Then, it is determined whether or not tomographic images are continuously obtained in the same range as the previously set range as in the third embodiment. If necessary, the process returns to step S44 to start scanning. I do. However, if a tomographic image in the same range is unnecessary (NO), it is determined whether or not a new range is set to obtain a tomographic image (step S53). If necessary (YES), the process returns to step S41, and a new range is obtained. Set a proper scanning range. However, if unnecessary (NO), the process ends.

According to the present embodiment described above, it is possible to obtain a tomographic image obliquely sliced within a desired range of the subject in a short time by a simple operation.

Next, a fifth embodiment of the X-ray CT scanner according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

In this embodiment, the scanning X-ray source 2 and the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 face each other and are fixed by a U-shaped, U-shaped or C-shaped support 21. Further, a joint portion 2 that rotates in the front-rear direction is provided on the support 21.
2, and a shaft 23 which is rotatable in the horizontal direction and is connected to a driving unit (not shown) for moving up, down, left and right.

With such a configuration, for example, a subject such as a patient lying on a couch is placed so as to sandwich the subject along with the couch, and a load is not applied to the subject so that the subject is not in contact with the subject. It is possible to obtain tomographic images scanned from all angles.

Next, a sixth embodiment of the X-ray CT scanner according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

This embodiment has a scanning X-ray source 24,
In addition, a series of components such as a control unit 25, a display unit 26, and a data collection unit shown in FIG.
And a two-dimensional X-ray detector 3 attached to the tip of the support 29.
0 is a movable small X-ray CT scanner device.

The gantry 28 is designed, for example, to have a height such that a patient of a subject can enter below a bed on which the subject lies, so that the apparatus can be moved to a hospital room or the like without moving the patient to the examination room. And does not require any movement of the subject.

Next, FIG. 13 shows a schematic configuration example of a seventh embodiment of the X-ray CT scanner according to the present invention.

In this embodiment, one scanning X-ray source, a first two-dimensional X-ray detector arranged opposite to the scanning X-ray source, and a movable free X-ray detector provided therebetween are provided. This is an X-ray CT scanner device provided with a small and compact second two-dimensional X-ray detector.

This X-ray CT scanner apparatus has an installation-type scanning X-ray source 31 in which X-ray elements that emit X-rays so as to spread in a conical or fan shape are arranged two-dimensionally, for example, in a matrix. A scanning control unit 32 that sequentially scans two-dimensionally each of the X-ray elements and emits X-rays from each of the X-ray elements, and is disposed to face the scanning X-ray source 31 so as to sandwich the subject. A two-dimensional X-ray detector 33 in which a plurality of detectors are arranged in a matrix, a driver unit 34 for controlling scanning for taking in projection data from each detector of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 33, and detection by each detector. An amplifier 35 for amplifying the obtained X-ray signal;
An A / D converter 36 for digitizing the amplified output signal and outputting it as projection data; a small and movable two-dimensional X-ray detector 37 having the same function as the two-dimensional X-ray detector 33; A driver unit 38 for controlling scanning of each detector for taking in projection data from the two-dimensional X-ray detector 37; an amplifier 39 for amplifying an X-ray signal detected by each detector; An A / D converter 40 for digitizing and outputting as projection data;
A data collection unit 41 that collects these digitized projection data, a calculation unit 42 that obtains a tomographic image of a desired slice position from the collected data, and converts an image signal output from the calculation unit 42 into an analog signal. D / A converter 47
A display unit 43 for displaying a tomographic image, a printer 44 for printing and outputting the tomographic image, a control unit 45 for controlling these components, and an instruction unit 46 comprising a keyboard or a joystick for giving instructions to the control unit 45. It is composed of

The two-dimensional X-ray detector 37 is provided with a marker made of, for example, lead or the like so that the X-ray can be recognized without transmitting the X-ray. The relative position can be grasped.
The two-dimensional X-ray detector 37 is small, for example, attached to an insertion portion of an endoscope, used to obtain a local high-resolution tomographic image from inside the subject, or attached to an extracorporeal detection probe. Thus, a local high-resolution tomographic image can be obtained from the outside of the subject and can be used as an auxiliary to the two-dimensional X-ray detector 33. Further, it may be incorporated in the insertion portion of the endoscope.

Referring to the flowchart shown in FIG.
The tomographic imaging of a tomographic image in the present embodiment will be described.

First, the instruction section 46 is operated to select a two-dimensional X-ray detector (step S61). With this choice,
When the two-dimensional X-ray detector 33 is selected (Step S6
2) The tomography is performed in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment, and the X-rays scanned from the scanning X-ray source 31 are detected by the two-dimensional X-ray detector
(Step S63), the two-dimensional X-ray detector 3
X-ray signals obtained by the detectors 3 are sequentially stored in the data collection unit 41, and are stored as projection data in the data collection unit 4
1 is read out (step S64).

The read projection data is calculated and generated (step S65), and a tomographic image of the region of interest is displayed on the display unit 43 (step S66).

Further, the selection of the mobile type 2
When the dimensional X-ray detector 37 is selected (step S6)
7) Inserting or applying the two-dimensional X-ray detector 37 into the subject, and irradiating the two-dimensionally scanned X-rays from the scanning X-ray source 31 to the two-dimensional X-ray detector 37. Then (step S68), the X-ray signals obtained by the detector of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 37 are sequentially stored in the data collection unit 41 and read out from the data collection unit 41 as projection data (step S69). The read projection data is calculated and generated (step S70), and a tomographic image of the region of interest is displayed on the display unit 43 as described above (step S6).
6).

Further, by selecting step S61, the stationary two-dimensional X-ray detector 33 and the movable two-dimensional X-ray detector 3
When the operation of selecting 7 is performed, first, the stationary two-dimensional X-ray detector 33 is selected (step S71), and the scanning X-ray source 31 causes the two-dimensional X-ray detector 33 to emit X-rays to be scanned. Then, the X-ray signals obtained by the detector of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 33 are sequentially stored in the data collection unit 41 (Step S72). Next, a movable two-dimensional X-ray detector 37 to be inserted into or applied to the subject is selected, and the X-rays emitted from the scanning X-ray source 31 are converted into two-dimensional X-rays.
The X-ray signals incident on the line detector 37 and obtained by the detector are sequentially stored in the data collection unit 41 (step S).
74).

When the tomography is completed, the projection data is read from the data collection unit 41 (step S7).
5) The projection data detected by the stationary two-dimensional X-ray detector 33 is calculated to generate a tomographic image (step S7).
6). Next, the projection data detected by the movable two-dimensional X-ray detector 37 is calculated to generate a tomographic image (step S77), and a desired tomographic image is selected from these tomographic images (step S78) and displayed. The tomographic image is displayed on the section 43 (step S66).

Here, steps S63, s68, S7
The operation of tomography by two-dimensional scanning in S74 and S74 is the same as the process described in the flowchart of FIG.

Referring to the flowchart shown in FIG.
The selection of the desired tomographic image in step S78 will be described.

In this data selection, the position of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 37 on the subject is grasped from the tomographic image obtained from the two-dimensional X-ray detector 33 (step S8).
1). Here, it is determined whether or not the spatial positions of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 33 and the two-dimensional X-ray detector 37 match (step S).
82), if they do not match (NO), the two-dimensional X-ray detector 3
The tomographic image obtained from Step 3 is selected and displayed on the display unit 43 (Step S66 in FIG. 14). If they match (Y
ES) A high-resolution tomographic image obtained from the two-dimensional X-ray detector 37 is selected (Step S84) and displayed on the display unit 43 (Step S66 in FIG. 14).

Next, an eighth embodiment of the X-ray CT scanner according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

In this embodiment, a small scanning X-ray source is provided at the distal end of the endoscope, instead of the two-dimensional X-ray detector attached to the insertion section of the endoscope in the above-described seventh embodiment. It is a configuration attached.

In this X-ray CT scanner, X-ray elements for emitting X-rays are two-dimensionally arranged, and each of an installation scanning X-ray source 51 installed below and an installation scanning X-ray source 51 is installed. A scanning control unit 52 that scans the X-ray elements two-dimensionally and emits X-rays from each of them, and a freely movable X-ray element attached to the tip of the endoscope 65 and arranged two-dimensionally A movable scanning X-ray source unit 53, a scanning control unit 54 that two-dimensionally scans each X-ray element of the movable scanning X-ray source 53, and emits X-rays from each of them.
A two-dimensional X-ray detector 55 installed above and opposed to the installation scanning X-ray source 51, a driver unit 56 that scan-controls the detection of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 55 by a detector, and is detected by each detector. Amplifier 57 for amplifying the generated X-ray signal
An A / D converter 58 that digitizes the amplified output signal and outputs it as projection data, a data acquisition unit 59 that acquires the digitized projection data, and a tomographic image of a desired slice position based on the acquired data. Calculation unit 60 for obtaining
A D / A converter 66 that converts an image signal output from the arithmetic unit 60 into an analog signal; a display unit 61 that displays a tomographic image; a printer 62 that prints out a tomographic image; A control unit 63 for controlling the control unit 63
And a pointing unit 64 composed of a keyboard or a joystick for giving instructions to the user.

As shown in FIG. 17, first, the installation scanning type X
Based on the tomographic image obtained by the radiation source 51, the position of the moving scanning X-ray source 53 inserted into the subject is grasped and moved to a desired region of interest. X-rays to be scanned are radiated to an upper two-dimensional X-ray detector 51. Then, the X-ray signals obtained by the detector of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 51 are sequentially stored in the data collection unit 59.
The stored projection data for one image of the tomographic image is read out from the data collection unit 59, computed, generated, and displayed on the display unit 61 as a high-resolution tomographic image.

In this embodiment, the scanning X-ray source is attached to the distal end of the endoscope. However, it may be attached to an extracorporeal device to obtain a tomographic image by applying to the region of interest of the subject.

According to the present embodiment, the scanning X-ray source can be easily moved to the local region of interest, and observation can be performed with high resolution.

FIG. 18 shows the X-ray CT shown in FIG.
A support 1 that is movable in a state where a scanning X-ray source 2 and a two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 in a scanner device are opposed to each other.
6 shows one configuration example.

The support 16 comprises the scanning X-ray sources 2 and 2
Guide portions 71 and 72 each having a guide groove or a guide rail are provided on the dimensional X-ray detector 5, and sliding portions 73 and 74 that are slidably fitted are attached. Further, the sliding portion 73 is connected to a column 76 via a rotatable rotating portion 75 capable of tilting the scanning X-ray source 2 to some extent. Further, the sliding portion 74 is connected to the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5.

With such a configuration, the scanning X-ray source 2 and the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 can be translated while maintaining the facing state. Further, it is possible to incline the scanning X-ray source 2 to some extent depending on the use conditions.

The sliding section 74 may be connected to the two-dimensional X-ray detector 5 with the above-described rotating section interposed.

As described above, the X-ray CT scanner of the present invention has a structure in which there is no gantry and the scanning X-ray source and the two-dimensional X-ray detector are merely connected by the support, so that the X-ray CT scanner can be used. Sufficient space is created around three or four sides of the bed on which the sample is placed. For example, if the subject is a patient who is undergoing surgery, the patient is not moved while remaining on the operating table, but is operated by surgery. It is possible to perform an operation while confirming.

The obtained projection data is three-dimensional data, and a desired tomographic image can be displayed only by specifying a slice position. In this three-dimensional data,
If a slice plane at an arbitrary angle is designated, not only a slice plane perpendicular to the subject but also a tomographic image at a desired angle can be viewed.

Further, the start and end positions of the slice plane, ie, the start and end positions of the X-ray element of the scanning X-ray source, and the two-dimensional X
By performing tomographic imaging by specifying the start position and the end position of the detector of the line detector, a tomographic image of not only a slice plane perpendicular to the subject but also an oblique slice plane whose angle is freely set. Can be captured in a short time.

Although the above embodiments have been described, the present invention includes the following inventions.

(1) An X-ray emission point for emitting X-rays is provided with a subject interposed between the scanning X-ray source provided so as to be capable of two-dimensional scanning and the scanning X-ray source. A two-dimensional X-ray detection means capable of two-dimensional scanning arranged to face the X-ray emission surface of the X-ray emission point;
Scanning control means for scanning so that X-rays are sequentially emitted from a radiation point; data collection means for sequentially collecting projection data detected by the two-dimensional X-ray detection means; and three-dimensional data from the collected projection data. Tomographic image data calculating means for calculating a tomographic image data of a desired slice position,
An X-ray CT scanner device comprising:

(2) The scanning type X described in the above item (1)
The radiation source and the two-dimensional X-ray detector are installed at opposite positions while facing each other.

(3) The scanning type X described in the above item (1)
The source and the two-dimensional X-ray detector are connected and fixed in a U-shape by a support.

(4) The scanning type X described in the above item (1)
The source and the two-dimensional X-ray detector are capable of parallel movement and arbitrary tilt movement while maintaining the positional relationship facing each other.

(5) The two-dimensional X described in the above item (1)
The line detector comprises at least two rows and two columns of detectors.

(6) A scanning X-ray source capable of two-dimensional scanning,
A two-dimensional X-ray detector attached to an insertion portion of an endoscope and movable within a subject; a first control circuit for controlling scanning of the scanning X-ray source; and the two-dimensional X-ray detector An X-ray CT scanner device comprising: a data collection circuit that collects projection data detected by the method; and a tomographic image generation unit that generates a tomographic image at a desired slice position from the collected data.

(7) A scanning X-ray source capable of two-dimensional scanning,
A first two-dimensional X set opposite to the scanning X-ray source;
A line detector and an endoscope.
A movable second two-dimensional X-ray detector capable of recognizing an existing position in the subject and an X-ray radiation direction based on projection data detected by the two-dimensional X-ray detector, and scanning of the scanning X-ray source A first control circuit for controlling the first and / or second
An X-ray CT scanner device comprising: a data acquisition circuit for acquiring projection data detected by the two-dimensional X-ray detector; and a tomographic image generating means for generating a tomographic image at a desired slice position from the acquired projection data.

(8) A scanning X-ray source capable of two-dimensional scanning,
A two-dimensional X-ray detector installed opposite to the scanning X-ray source, a scanning line of the scanning X-ray source scanned,
A control circuit for controlling scanning of the scanning X-ray source and selection of a two-dimensional X-ray detector so that a selection line of a selected detector of the two-dimensional X-ray detector is parallel to the selected two-dimensional X-ray detector; Dimension X
An X-ray CT scanner device comprising: a data acquisition circuit for acquiring projection data detected by a line detector; and means for obtaining a tomographic image at a desired slice position from the acquired data.

(9) A scanning X-ray source capable of two-dimensional scanning,
A two-dimensional X-ray detector installed to face the scanning X-ray source, a control circuit for controlling scanning of the scanning X-ray source,
An X-ray CT scanner device comprising: a data collection circuit for collecting projection data detected by the two-dimensional X-ray detector; and a calculation circuit for performing a function calculation on the collected data.

(10) The arithmetic circuit according to the above mode (9) comprises a subtraction arithmetic circuit.

(11) Two-dimensionally scanable X-ray source and two-dimensional X-ray detector provided opposite to the end of the C-shaped arm, respectively, and control of the scanning X-ray source is controlled. And a data acquisition circuit for acquiring projection data detected by the two-dimensional X-ray detector, and means for obtaining a tomographic image of a desired slice position from the acquired data.

(12) The C-shaped arm described in the above (11) has a U-shaped arm shape for fixing a scanning X-ray source and a two-dimensional X-ray detector at positions facing each other. .

(13) A scanning X-ray source capable of two-dimensional scanning, a gantry equipped with the scanning X-ray source, and provided with a moving caster, and a gantry mounted on the gantry to scan the scanning X-ray source. A control circuit for controlling, a two-dimensional X-ray detector fixed to a support movable by bending fixed to the gantry, and projection data mounted on the gantry and detected by the two-dimensional X-ray detector An X-ray CT scanner device, comprising: a data acquisition circuit for acquiring data, and a monitor mounted on the gantry and displaying a generated tomographic image.

(14) The relative positions of the scanning X-ray source and the two-dimensional X-ray detector according to the above mode (13) are variable.

(15) The X-ray detector according to the above mode (13) is provided in an insertion portion of an endoscope.

(16) In the X-ray detector according to the above mode (13), detectors for converting incident X-rays into signals are arranged in at least two rows and two columns.

(17) A probe having a scanning X-ray source capable of two-dimensional scanning, a two-dimensional X-ray detector which can be installed facing the scanning X-ray source, and the scanning X-ray source A first control circuit that controls the scanning of the data, a data collection circuit that collects projection data detected by the two-dimensional X-ray detector, and a unit that generates a tomographic image at a desired slice position from the collected data. X-ray CT scanner device provided.

(18) A scanning X-ray source capable of two-dimensional scanning, a first two-dimensional X-ray detector installed facing the scanning X-ray source, and a scanning X-ray source A second probe attached to a probe that is movable within the range where X-rays can be incident
Two-dimensional X-ray detector, a control circuit for controlling scanning of the scanning X-ray source, and a data collection circuit for collecting projection data detected by the first and / or second two-dimensional X-ray detector An X-ray CT scanner device comprising: a unit configured to generate a tomographic image at a desired slice position from collected data.

(19) The first 2 according to the above (18)
Based on the projection data of the two-dimensional X-ray detector, the position of the second two-dimensional X-ray detector with respect to the subject and the X-ray emission direction are detected.

(20) A scanning X-ray source capable of two-dimensional scanning, a first two-dimensional X-ray detector installed opposite to the scanning X-ray source, and radiation from the scanning X-ray source A second two-dimensional X-ray detector for movably setting the received X-rays within a range in which the X-rays can be incident, a control circuit for scanning and controlling X-ray radiation from the scanning X-ray source, A data collection circuit that collects the first and second projection data detected by the two two-dimensional X-ray detectors, and an image region in which the spatial position of the first projection data matches the spatial position of the second projection data. Means for generating a tomographic image of a desired slice position using the second projection data.

(21) The first 2 according to the above (20)
From the first projection data detected by the two-dimensional X-ray detector, the position of the second two-dimensional X-ray detector with respect to the subject and the radiation direction of the X-ray are detected.

(22) The second 2 according to the above (20)
The dimensional X-ray detector is provided on the surface probe.

(23) The second 2 according to the above (20)
The dimensional X-ray detector is provided in the insertion section of the endoscope.

(24) A scanning X-ray source capable of two-dimensional scanning, a two-dimensional X-ray detector installed facing the scanning X-ray source, and an area setting for setting a desired range of a region of interest Means, a control circuit for controlling a scanning range of the scanning X-ray source according to the region of interest, and selecting a range of a detector to be detected by the two-dimensional X-ray detector according to the region of interest. An X-ray CT scanner device comprising: a selection circuit; a data collection circuit for collecting projection data detected by the detector; and a means for generating a tomographic image at a desired slice position from the collected data.

(25) The above (1), (6), (7),
(8), (9), (11), (13), (17), (1)
The scanning X-ray source according to any one of (8), (20) and (24) emits a fan-shaped or conical X-ray.

(26) The two-dimensional X-ray detector according to the above mode (1) comprises a solid-state imaging device and a scintillator provided on the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device.

[0136]

According to the present invention, as described in detail above, the gantry is eliminated, and a sufficient space is provided around the subject,
While performing processing on the subject, without moving the subject,
X which can capture three-dimensional tomographic data of a region of interest, obtain a tomographic image in a desired direction, and check the current state
A line CT scanner device can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1A is a diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a first embodiment of an X-ray CT scanner device according to the present invention; FIG.
FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating an example of three-dimensional data obtained by the X-ray CT scanner device.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining tomographic imaging by the X-ray CT scanner device shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining generation of a tomographic image by the X-ray CT scanner device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining tomography of random scan for setting a slice position by the X-ray CT scanner device according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining tomography of random scan by the X-ray CT scanner device shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining tomographic imaging indicating a temporal change amount by the X-ray CT scanner device according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining tomographic imaging by the X-ray CT scanner device shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a subroutine for explaining the two-dimensional scanning shown in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining tomography for scanning a spatial range of an arbitrary size by the X-ray CT scanner device according to the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining tomography by the X-ray CT scanner device shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a scanning X-ray source and a two-dimensional X-ray detector as an X-ray CT scanner device according to a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration example mounted on a movable gantry as an X-ray CT scanner device according to a sixth embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example including one scanning X-ray source and two two-dimensional X-ray detectors as an X-ray CT scanner device according to a seventh embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart for describing tomographic imaging by the X-ray CT scanner device shown in FIG.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a subroutine for explaining data selection for selecting a tomographic image shown in FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a configuration example including two scanning X-ray sources and one two-dimensional X-ray detector as an X-ray CT scanner device according to an eighth embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining tomography by a second scanning X-ray source attached to an endoscope according to a sixth embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a support that can be moved in a state where a scanning X-ray source and a two-dimensional X-ray detector face each other in the X-ray CT scanner device shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 X-ray element (X-ray emission point) 2 Scanning X-ray source 3 Scan control unit 4 Detector 5 Two-dimensional X-ray detector 6 Driver unit 7 Amplifier 8 A / D converter 9 Data collection unit 10 Operation unit 11 Subject 12 Display unit 13 Printer 14 Control unit 15 Instruction unit 16 Support 17 Bed

Claims (3)

[Claims] A scanning X-ray source provided so that an X-ray emission point for emitting X-rays can be two-dimensionally scanned; and a scanning X-ray source provided with a subject interposed therebetween. A two-dimensional X-ray detecting means which can be two-dimensionally scanned and is arranged so as to face an X-ray emission surface of the X-ray emission point; and X-rays are sequentially emitted from each X-ray emission point of the scanning X-ray source Scanning control means for causing the two-dimensional X-ray detection means to sequentially collect projection data detected by the two-dimensional X-ray detection means; and calculating three-dimensional tomographic image data from the collected projection data to obtain a desired slice position. An X-ray CT scanner device, comprising: a tomographic image generation unit configured to generate a tomographic image of the subject. 2. A scanning X-ray source in which an X-ray emission point for emitting X-rays is provided so as to be capable of two-dimensional scanning, a two-dimensional X-ray detecting means for outputting an X-ray signal based on an incident X-ray, An X-ray emission surface of a scanning X-ray source and an incidence surface of the two-dimensional X-ray detection unit which are connected so as to face each other, and movably support while maintaining the facing state; Scanning control means for scanning so that X-rays are sequentially emitted from each of the X-ray emission points; data collection means for collecting projection data detected by the two-dimensional X-ray detection means; Tomographic image data generating means for generating two-dimensional tomographic image data and obtaining a tomographic image of a desired slice position, wherein the scanning X-ray source supported by the supporting means and the two-dimensional X-ray detecting means At least three directions for the intervening subject An X-ray CT scanner device characterized in that it can be approached from above. 3. The X-ray CT scanner according to claim 1, wherein an X-ray emission point of the scanning X-ray source emits a fan-shaped or conical X-ray.