JPH10196229A - Window - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To remove an organic substance such as an oil stain, a mold fungus and organic gas from a window by decomposition and/or oxidation by arranging a surface layer containing anatase type TiO2 on an exposed surface of an outer frame. SOLUTION: An outer frame of a window is composed of stiles 1, an upper rail 2 and a lower rail 3. A surface layer containing anatase type TiO2 is arranged on an exposed surface on which a groove of a threshold (the lower rail 3) exists. The anatase type TiO2 (a titanium oxide) is called octahedrite as a byname, and a crystal system forms a tetragonal system. This is one of TiO2 crystal systems existing in a plurality, and the decomposing and/or oxidizing action of an organic substance such as an oil stain, a mold fungus and formaldehyde by light excitation is particularly remarkable in these crystal systems. It is better to be performed by a vacuum evaporation method, a sputtering method, a CVD method or the like in order to form the surface layer containing the anatase type TiO2 . Therefore, an organic substance such as an oil stain, a mold fungus or organic gas such as formaldehyde can be removed from the window by decomposition and/or oxidation.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a window of a building or the like.

[0002]

Generally, windows are installed in openings formed in walls and roofs for the purpose of lighting and ventilation of a building. In this way, the windows replace the dirty air in the room, so oil stains and stains such as cigarette dust easily adhere to the window frames and window glass. (Microorganisms such as bacteria and mold spores)
It is not preferable for hygiene. However, especially since the window frame has a complicated shape, cleaning is difficult and troublesome. Also,
Cleaning may be more difficult depending on the location of the windows.

On the other hand, floors and wall coverings are used in the interior of a building, and are used as an adhesive as a component constituting them or as an adhesive for attaching these flooring or wall coverings to a base. Although urea resin, phenol resin and the like which are inexpensive and have high adhesive strength are often used, this adhesive has the property of releasing formaldehyde contained in the resin into the air. In addition, formaldehyde continues to be generated even after construction is completed, which is not preferable in terms of living environment. Therefore, a method of changing the adhesive to one that does not emit formaldehyde, such as a vinyl acetate emulsion, a resorcinol resin, and an epoxy resin, and a method of mixing a formaldehyde trapping agent in the adhesive have also been adopted, but in the former method, The price of the adhesive used is higher than that of urea / formalin-based adhesives.In addition, the temporary adhesion is poor, and the number of non-defective products during production decreases. There is a drawback that the cost of the adhesive is high to use, and the adhesive properties will change depending on the combination with the adhesive,
In reality, it is often necessary to use one that emits formaldehyde. Examples of other organic gases that easily fill the room include plasticizers such as tricresyl phosphate and dioctyl phthalate, and organic solvents such as toluene and xylene.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention removes organic substances such as oil stains, fungi, or organic gases such as formaldehyde from windows by decomposing or oxidizing them to render them harmless. It has a function.
That is, it has a function of decomposing organic dirt such as oily dirt, so that dirt can be naturally removed or easily wiped off, or a function of sterilizing attached fungi can be imparted, or an organic dirt such as formaldehyde can be provided. The function of suppressing the filling of the gas into the room is provided to reduce the concentration of formaldehyde radiated from the floor and walls and floating in the room.

[0005]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The window of the present invention is provided with a surface layer containing anatase TiO ₂ on at least one of the exposed surface of the outer frame, the exposed surface of the wing, and the inner surface of the window glass. It is. That is, the portion where the surface layer is provided may be only the exposed surface of the outer frame, only the exposed surface of the wing, the inner surface of the window glass, or the exposed surface of the outer frame and the exposed surface of the window glass, the wing. Alternatively, it may be provided on all of the exposed surface of the outer frame, the exposed surface of the wing support, and the inner surface of the window glass.

The "window" referred to in the present invention is a general window composed of a surrounding outer frame and a wing that closes the outer frame. The wing includes any type of door such as a sliding door, a revolving door, and a flip-up door. . FIG. 1 illustrates a window whose wing is a sliding door. In this example, the outer frame of the window is composed of a vertical frame 1, an upper horizontal frame 2 (also referred to as a gate for a sliding door), and a lower horizontal frame 3 (also referred to as a threshold for a sliding door). And a window glass 5. Materials for parts other than window glass, such as outer frames and bezels, including other types of windows,
(A) wood, (b) synthetic resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, acrylic, and ABS; (c) metals such as iron, aluminum, and titanium; and (d) others. In addition, as a material of the window glass portion, an inorganic glass such as soda glass and potash glass, and an organic glass (so-called organic glass) such as an acrylic resin and a polycarbonate resin are used.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a cut-off state of a sill which is a lower horizontal frame made of wood provided with a groove. In the present invention, threshold 1
A surface layer 10 containing anatase-type TiO ₂ is provided on the exposed surface having one groove 11a. It should be noted that the facing gate is substantially the same shape except that FIG. 2 is turned upside down.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing another example of the lower horizontal frame in a cut state. The lower horizontal frame 12 in this example is made of an extruded aluminum material. In the case of the lower horizontal frame 12 as well, the surface layer 10 containing anatase-type TiO ₂ is provided on the exposed surface, but is omitted in the example of FIG. It is also possible to provide the surface layer 10 in the groove 12a). It should be noted that the upper horizontal frame facing this has substantially the same shape except that FIG. 3 is turned upside down.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another example of the lower horizontal frame in a cut state. The lower side frame 13 of this example is also made of an extruded aluminum material, and the lower side frame 13 has one door.
3a. And this door stop 13
A surface layer 10 containing anatase type TiO ₂ is provided on the exposed surface including the protrusion of “a”. The upper horizontal frame facing this has substantially the same shape except that FIG. 4 is turned upside down.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the vertical frame and the wing in a cut state. The vertical frame 14 and the wings 15 of this example are made of extruded aluminum, and when the window is closed, the vertical frame 1
4 is a type in which the accommodation 15 is stored in the recess 14a. The vertical frame 14 has a surface layer 1 containing anatase-type TiO ₂ on an exposed surface including an uneven surface for forming a recess 14 a.
0 is provided, and the surface 15 is provided with a surface layer 10 containing anatase type TiO ₂ on the entire surface thereof. Further, a surface layer containing anatase TiO ₂ may be provided on the inner surface side of the window glass 16. When the surface layer is provided on the inner surface side of the window glass, the thickness and the like are adjusted so as to secure desired transparency and haze (cloudiness value).

Anatase TiO ₂ (titanium dioxide)
Is also referred to as “anonymous stone”, and its crystal system is a tetragonal system. This is one of a plurality of TiO ₂ crystal systems, and in particular, those crystal systems are remarkably decomposed or oxidized by organic matter such as oil stains, fungi, and formaldehyde by photoexcitation. The mechanism of the organic matter decomposition is considered as follows. That is, light (3 for pure TiO ₂ )
Wavelength of 80 nm or less. However, if a spectral sensitizer is added, even at longer wavelengths, the electrons in the valence band in the energy band are excited by the conductor and create electron-hole pairs. Of the pair created, electrons first reduce oxygen molecules O ₂ on the crystal surface to generate chemically active oxygen species, oxygen ions, etc., and holes oxidize water molecules on the crystal surface. To produce hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen ions. It is considered that organic substances in contact with them are oxidized (or reduced) by the action of chemically active hydroxyl radicals and the like generated in this way to decompose or convert them to another substance. For example, in the case of formaldehyde, it is converted by oxidation into formic acid, and further into water and carbon dioxide. Iron (III) oxide can also be added in order for such electron-hole pairs to efficiently generate hydroxyl radicals and active oxygen species on the crystal surface. The upper limit (absorption edge) of the photosensitive wavelength band of anatase TiO ₂ itself is 38.
Although it is 0 nm, a spectral sensitizer can be added to extend the wavelength to a longer wavelength side. A dye that absorbs visible light is used as such a spectral sensitizer. A typical example is a ruthenium complex such as Ru (4,4′-dicarboxyl-2,2′bipyridine) ₂ (NCS) ₂ .

When an inorganic material is used as a material of a base material such as an outer frame or a loom, as shown in FIG.
The surface layer 10 containing iO ₂ may be formed directly on the surface of the substrate 17. However, when an organic material is used, or when an inorganic material is used, there is a coating film or printed layer of the organic material on the surface. In this case, as shown in FIG. 7, it is necessary to interpose a barrier layer 18 made of a resin or an inorganic material that does not react with the anatase TiO ₂ . As the resin of this barrier layer,
There are fluorine resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride and polytetrafluoroethylene, and silicon resins such as polysiloxane, silicon rubber and silicon acrylate. The inorganic material of the barrier layer is SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , hafnium oxide, Metal oxides such as zinc oxide and tantalum oxide; metals such as aluminum, chromium, nickel, brass and copper; and ceramics. The thickness of the barrier layer is preferably 10 nm or more.

In order to form a surface layer containing anatase type TiO ₂ , a vacuum evaporation method, a sputtering method, a CVD method or the like may be used. Alternatively, a method of applying a titania sol using water, alcohol, or the like as a solvent, heating and drying and curing, or a method of adding heated steam to titanium tetrachloride or titanium fluoride, or a method of hydrolyzing a titanate aqueous solution Can also be used. Considering a sufficient decomposition or oxidation effect of organic substances, the thickness of the surface layer 11 containing anatase TiO ₂ is preferably 50 nm or more.

When anatase-type TiO ₂ is dispersed in a resin binder to form a coating solution, one that does not absorb light in the wavelength band that excites TiO ₂ is selected. In order to prevent decomposition, special measures are required. Specifically, a material that does not contain (or contains only a small amount of) an organic material such as polysiloxane, or a resin that does not react with anatase TiO ₂ , such as the above-mentioned silicon resin or fluorine resin, is used as the binder. Alternatively, another effective means, as anatase TiO ₂ dispersed in a binder, the anatase type TiO ₂ in the pores of the inorganic transparent porous body used that were supported. Since anatase-type TiO ₂ has catalytic activity with near-ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 380 nm or less, an inorganic transparent porous material that transmits near-ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 380 nm or less is used. However, when a spectral sensitizer is added,
Select one that is transparent for wavelengths below the extended photosensitive wavelength upper limit (absorption edge).

As the inorganic transparent porous material, specifically, zeolite, silica gel, silica alumina, cement, tricalcium silicate, calcium silicate,
Examples thereof include porous glass, aluminum hydroxide, and magnesium carbonate. Among these, it is preferable to use silica gel or zeolite from the viewpoints of the suitability for supporting the photocatalyst and the adsorptivity of the product decomposed by the photocatalyst.

The method of supporting a photocatalyst on these inorganic transparent porous bodies and the specific form of the photocatalyst carrier supporting the photocatalyst are not particularly limited. However, in order to obtain a sufficient photocatalytic function, It is preferable to support 10 to 900 parts by weight of a photocatalyst per 100 parts by weight of the inorganic transparent porous body. In order to further impart an antibacterial effect to the photocatalyst carrier, Ag ions can be adsorbed or carried on the carrier.

In order to prevent the invasion of the base resin into the pores of the inorganic transparent porous body, while permitting the intrusion of the object to be decomposed and selectively decomposing it, it is necessary to use a porous material. The diameter of pores appearing on the surface is preferably from 10 nm to 10 μm, and the specific surface area of the porous body is preferably from 10 to 400 m ² / g. The inorganic transparent porous body has an average particle size of 1
It is preferable to use one having a thickness of 100 μm.

The binder resin behaves as an aggregate due to the cohesive force exerted between the binder resin molecules. The resin, which is an organic substance, and the inorganic transparent porous body are poorly compatible with each other. Since air may enter between the binder resin and the binder resin, the binder resin hardly penetrates into the pores of the inorganic transparent porous body, and the binder resin can be prevented from being decomposed by contact with the photocatalyst. Further, even if the binder penetrates into the pores of the inorganic transparent porous body, the binder is not decomposed unless a photocatalyst is present therein, and even if the binder resin penetrated into the pores is decomposed by the photocatalyst, Only the nearby binder resin is locally decomposed,
The action of the photocatalyst does not reach the entire binder resin, and the photocatalytic function is not lost due to the falling off of the photocatalyst carrier.

On the other hand, most of the above-mentioned decomposed substances (contaminants) are usually diffused into the air in the form of molecules or colloids (aerosols), so that the pores of the porous material can be easily dispersed by the diffusion phenomenon. Penetrates and decomposes on contact with the photocatalyst. Therefore, since the photocatalyst is supported on the inorganic transparent porous body, the contact between the binder resin and the photocatalyst is avoided without impairing the photocatalytic function, the binder resin is not decomposed by the photocatalyst, and the photocatalyst is selected for a decomposition target. It is possible to make the photocatalyst act effectively.

In the window of the present invention, inorganic dirt such as sand and mud is generally not decomposed, and organic dirt is undecomposed depending on the type and amount of the dirt and the amount of TiO _{2 on} the surface layer. In some cases, some may remain, or some residues of decomposition products may remain. In that case, a certain amount of wiping and cleaning is still required. However, in general, the formation of a moisture film on the surface of anatase-type TiO ₂ and the decomposition residue of organic substances function as a release layer, so that wiping and cleaning are easy, but inconvenience remains. In order to further reduce the inconvenience, in particular, in the case of a method in which anatase-type TiO ₂ particles are dispersed in a resin binder and applied, the above-mentioned fluororesin or silicon which is difficult to adhere to other substances as a binder is used. Use resin. Alternatively, a small amount (about 0.5 to 3% by weight) of an antistatic agent such as a surfactant is added to the resin binder to increase the volume resistivity of the coating film to 10 ¹⁰ Ω ·
cm or less. This is preferable because dust, aerosol, and the like floating in the air are prevented from being adsorbed, and therefore, it is difficult to be stained from the beginning. Moreover, this is also effective for dust and the like that cannot be decomposed by anatase-type TiO ₂ . As an antistatic agent, surfactants such as anionic, cationic and nonionic have high transparency, and TiO.
_{This is} preferable because it is difficult to absorb the excitation light of No. ₂ . Examples of these surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkyl phosphate ester-based surfactants, naphthalenesulfonic acid formalin condensate, special polycarboxylic acid type polymer surfactants, polyoxyethylene derivatives, oxyethylene / oxypropylene Block copolymer, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene alkylamine, alkyl alkanolamide,
There are quaternary ammonium salts, pyridium salts, aminosulfates and the like.

The composition (paint) containing the anatase-type TiO ₂ is coated on the surface of a substrate by a printing method such as gravure offset printing or silk screen printing, or a coating method such as roll coating, flow coating or spray coating. ,
It is laminated on at least the exposed surface of the back surface, the front and back surfaces, or the entire surface including both the front and back surfaces and the side surfaces. However, due to the position and structure of the exposed surface of the base material, it is difficult to form such a surface layer (for example, the groove 12a in FIG. 3) or a part where the surface layer is not provided for other reasons. It is also possible to omit the formation of the surface layer. Instead, in that case, the effect of the surface layer is reduced by the reduced area of the surface layer.

The windows of the present invention can be used in a variety of locations. In particular, rooms with high airtightness that are easy to fill with organic gas such as formaldehyde emitted from building materials, kitchens to which oil vapor easily adheres, living rooms to which smoke from cigarettes easily adhere, sick rooms, bathrooms, toilets, etc. that require hygiene The effect is great when installed in

[0023]

【Example】

(Example) An anatase type T was formed on an exposed surface of a lower horizontal frame made of an extruded aluminum material by using water and alcohol as a solvent.
iO ₂ : binder = 80: 20 (weight ratio), solid content 1
0% weight of titania sol (ST-K manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.)
01 (product number) "was applied so as to have a film thickness of 1 μm (at the time of drying), and was heated and dried at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to cure the coating, thereby forming a surface layer of anatase TiO ₂ . . And the upper horizontal frame, vertical frame made of the same material,
A surface layer was similarly formed on the bush, and the frame member and the bush were assembled together with a glass plate to produce a window having a structure as shown in FIG. In this case, the exposed area of the surface layer on the indoor side was 11,000 cm ² in total.

Comparative Example In Example 1, an unsaturated polyester resin paint using an organic sulfonic acid-based curing catalyst was used instead of forming the anatase TiO ₂ surface layer to a thickness of 5 μm (when dried). Spray paint like
Heat curing was performed at 20 ° C. for 120 seconds to form a surface layer.

(Evaluation—formaldehyde removal performance) A gypsum board with paper adhered to the front and back surfaces was used as the inner wall material, and the inner volume was 10 m ^3.
The closed room was made, and the wallpaper was stuck to the area of 10 m ² of the wall surface in the closed room using a urea resin adhesive. Then, the window prepared in the example was attached to a wall hole formed in a portion of the room where there was no wallpaper, and the formalin concentration after 3 days had been measured. In the meantime, the temperature in the closed room was kept at 28 ° C., and light having a light intensity of 0.1 mW / cm ² was emitted from a mercury lamp toward the window. The same test was performed on the window of the comparative example. The measurement results are as shown in Table 1.

[0026]

[Table 1]

As can be seen from Table 1, the effect of reducing the formaldehyde floating in the room was not recognized in the window of the comparative example, but the effect of the anatase type TiO ₂ particles contained in the window of the example was observed in the window of the example. This has the effect of reducing formaldehyde floating in the room.

(Evaluation-Stain Resistance) A test piece was cut out from each of the frame members of the example and the comparative example so that the surface layer forming portion had a surface area of 25 cm ² . On the other hand, a test tank made of quartz glass was prepared which was filled with smoke obtained by extracting 1/3 of cigarette smoke through a filter for cigarettes into the air per liter of volume. Each test piece was placed in this test tank, and the test piece was irradiated from the outside of the tank using a mercury lamp so that the light intensity became 0.1 mW / cm ² for 150 hours. Then, the amount of tan attached to the test piece was evaluated by the magnitude of the color difference ΔE before and after the test on the surface (the larger the ΔE, the larger the amount of adhesion). The color difference is measured using a spectrophotometer and is measured by CIE (International Commission on Illumination).
The color difference formula L ^* a ^* b ^* was used.

[0029]

[Table 2]

As can be seen from Table 2, the amount of tobacco stain attached to the example frame member was smaller than that of the comparative example, and the effect of decomposing and removing the attached tobacco stain was obtained.

(Evaluation-Antibacterial Property) Each of the frame members of the example and the comparative example was cut into a test piece by cutting the surface layer forming portion to have a surface area of 25 cm ^2, and tested for its bacterial inhibitory effect by the following method. did. Test strains • Escherichia coli IFO 3301
(Escherichia coli) Preparation of test bacterial solution In a normal broth medium (manufactured by Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd.) at 35 ° C., 16
The culture solution of the test bacteria cultured with shaking for 培養 20 hours was diluted 20,000-fold with a sterilized phosphate buffer to obtain a bacterial solution. The number of viable bacteria was separately measured for the bacterial solution. Antibacterial test 1 ml of bacterial solution on the surface layer of the specimen (frame members of Examples and Comparative Examples)
At the start of the test and at 25 ° C. in an atmosphere of 25 ° C., irradiating the surface layer so that the intensity of light from the mercury lamp becomes 0.1 mW / cm ^2, and after storing for 3 hours, the number of bacteria is measured, and the antibacterial performance of the specimen Was determined. In addition, 1 ml of a bacterial solution was dropped on a petri dish as a control sample, and the same test was performed. Measurement of viable cell count The specimen and the control sample stored for 3 hours were washed away with 10 ml of SCDLP medium (manufactured by Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), and the rinse was washed on a pour plate using a standard agar medium (manufactured by Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd.). The number of viable bacteria was measured by a culture method (cultured at 35 ° C. for 2 days), and the number of bacteria per specimen and control sample was calculated. The detection limit in this case was 10.

[0032]

[Table 3]

As can be seen from Table 3, the frame member of the comparative example has practically no antibacterial effect, whereas the frame member of the embodiment has an effect of sterilizing attached bacteria.

[0034]

As described above, the window of the present invention is provided with a surface layer containing anatase TiO ₂ on at least one of the exposed surface of the outer frame, the exposed surface of the wing, and the inner surface of the window glass. This has the effect of decomposing oily dirt attached to the surface and organic dirt such as cigarette tar, so the amount of dirt attached is reduced, and residual dirt can be easily removed by wiping or washing with water. Further, since the fungi attached to the surface are sterilized, a clean surface can be maintained. further,
The indoor concentration of organic gas such as formaldehyde generated from floors and walls can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a sliding door as an example of a window.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a cut-off state of a sill which is a lower horizontal frame made of wood provided with a groove.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing another example of the lower horizontal frame in a cut state.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing still another example of the lower horizontal frame in a cut state.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a vertical frame and a wing in a cut state.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where a surface layer is provided on a base material.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view in which a barrier layer is provided between a base material and a surface layer.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical frame 2 Upper horizontal frame 3 Lower horizontal frame 4 Shroud 5 Window glass 10 Surface layer 11 Sill 11a Groove 12 Lower horizontal frame 12a Groove 13 Lower horizontal frame 13a Door-to-door 14 Vertical frame 14a Depression 15 Glass 16

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI C01G 23/047 E06B 3/30 E06B 3/30 3/70 D 3/70 B01D 53/36 J

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A window characterized in that a surface layer containing anatase TiO ₂ is provided on an exposed surface of an outer frame. 2. An anatase type T is provided on an exposed surface of a wing
A window provided with a surface layer containing iO ₂ . 3. An anatase type TiO is provided on an inner surface side of a window glass.
A window characterized by having a surface layer including ₂ .