JPH10194657A - Container lifting spreader - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent generation of damage, accident and the like accompanying deflected lifting of a container by eliminating such an operation mistake by which two containers are lifted in an operation mode for lifting a single container. SOLUTION: A means 20 detecting whether a container is positioned below or not is arranged on the longitudinal direction center line of a main frame 10 in a spreader 1. The detection signal from the container detection means 20 is compared with a container crane operation condition and determination is carried out, and if it is determined that operation is carried out in an error operation mode unsuitable for the container, correction control for proper operation is carried out by means of an arranged controlling means.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a container suspending spreader used for a container crane for lifting and transporting containers between a ship and a cargo handling quay on a cargo handling quay or the like, and more particularly to a length which is mixedly loaded on a ship. One long container
The present invention relates to a container suspending spreader that can be used for both one and two containers, which can be individually lifted and transported, and two short containers can be simultaneously lifted and transported.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to streamline distribution, freight transport by containers has been actively performed in recent years in order to create an integrated transport system. These containers are manufactured in accordance with international standards in dimensions, weight, strength, etc. These containers are approximately uniform in height and width, 8 '(8 feet), but have a length Is 40 ', 30',
Many types such as 20 'and 10' are manufactured and used depending on the application. FIG. 6 shows that, of these containers, for example, one 40 'container having a length of 40' can be lifted and transported, and two containers of a 20 'container having a length of 20' can be lifted and transported. Done, 1-2
It is a front view of the container spreader also used for individual suspension.

In the drawing, reference numeral 1 denotes a container suspending spreader (hereinafter simply referred to as a spreader);
The main body frame 11 is wound around a pulley provided at the upper end of the main body frame 10 to support the main body frame 10 at a predetermined height and to be lifted and lowered. A pair of telescopic beams provided to extend and contract in opposite directions, that is, in the front-back direction of the main body frame 10, 13 is a cross beam fixed to the tip of each telescopic beam 12, and 14 is both ends of each cross beam 13. It is a hollow fixed column fixed to the.

[0004] Further, one end 15 of the main body frame 10 is symmetrically rotated along the side surface of the main body frame 10 by expansion and contraction of a cylinder 16 having one end fixed to both sides of the center portion in the front-rear direction of the main body frame 10. The hollow rotatable column 17 mounted on the side surface of the container 18 is mounted in the fixed column 14 and the rotatable column 15 described above. And a twist lock device for connecting the container 18 to the spreader 1 by the rotation thereof. In this drawing, the containers 18 to be unloaded are two 20 'containers in which two are transported by the spreader 1 in a suspended manner.

In the spreader 1 having such a configuration, one end portion is provided near the center line 19 in the front-rear direction of the main body frame 10, at a position symmetrical with respect to this center line, and on both side edges of the main body frame 10. The four pivotable columns 15 provided before and after the center line 19 respectively pivotally mounted and on the left and right sides of the main body frame 10 are connected to the cylinder 16
The spreader 1 is moved and arranged above the 40 'container (not shown) in a state where the spreader 1 is pulled up to the position shown by the solid line by the operation of the above. Further, the four twist lock devices 17 in the fixed column 14 are inserted into the inner corner fittings at the four corners of the upper surface of the 40 'container, and are connected by rotating.
One 40 'container can be lifted and transported.

Further, with the rotary column 15 moved to the vertical position shown by the broken line via the cylinder 16, the spreader 1 is moved and arranged above the two 20 ' Then, of the eight twist lock devices 17 described above, two twist lock devices 17 in the fixed column 14 provided on one cross beam 13 are provided.
And one rotating column 1 close to the cross beam 13
5 and two twist lock devices 17 with one 20 '.
Connected to the container 18 and the other cross beam 1
2 twist lock devices 17 in the fixed column 14
And the two twist lock devices in the other rotatable column 15 with the other 20 'container 18 to form a 20'
Two containers 18 are simultaneously lifted and transported.

That is, in the spreader 1, one suspension and two suspensions can be used in accordance with the length of the container 18. Also, 40 'container or 20'
After the container 18 is lifted and transported and placed in a predetermined position such as in a hold or a cargo handling quay, the twist lock device 1
By rotating the container 7 in the opposite direction to that at the time of connection, the connection between these containers and the spreader 1 can be released in a short time. In addition, such a single suspension and two suspensions can be carried out similarly by lifting and transporting the containers other than the 40 ′ container and the 20 ′ container, such as the above-described other length standards, by adjusting the expansion and contraction of the telescopic beam 12. Although applicable, the description will be limited to application to 40 'and 20' containers for simplicity.

In a container handling operation using such a spreader 1, the cab of the container crane is usually provided at a position higher than the position where the container 18 is placed. The operator in the operator's cab cannot see the container 18 placed, lifted, and transported on the lower side because the view is blocked by the spreader 1. For this reason, in a normal container cargo handling operation, the container to be lifted and transported next is received from the operator on the ground instructing to hang one 40 'container or two 20' containers, and Movement of the rotary columns 15 or the container 1 of the twist lock device 17
A cargo handling operation such as a coupling operation with the vehicle 8 is performed.

Therefore, in the container handling operation, the operator of the crane cab receives an instruction received from the ground 40 '.
Recognizes that one container is suspended and the corresponding 40 'container 1
When an individual cargo handling operation is performed, the actual container 1 to be cargo-handled due to an error in recognition, transmission, operation, or the like.
It may happen that 8 is two of the 20 'containers 18.

In such a case, if two 20 'containers 18 are hung by the cargo handling operation of hanging one 40' container as it is, as shown in FIG. One container 1 of the 20 'container 18
8, only the rearmost end of the other container 18 is connected to the twist lock device 17 in the fixed column 14,
A state in which the rear end of one container 18 and the front and rear ends of the other container 18 are suspended, that is, a so-called single suspension, causes an accident, and damages both the spreader 1 and the container 18 containing the stored cargo. In addition, there is a problem that a fall of the container 18 or the like may occur and the damage may spread to the surroundings.

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to such a conventional container suspending spreader which can also be used for suspending one or two containers. Even if an erroneous operation is performed, it is necessary to always detect the difference between the cargo mode and the container mode, and change to a normal cargo operation corresponding to the container mode to prevent the occurrence of an accident or the like due to the erroneous operation. It is an object to provide a spreader for hanging containers that can be used.

[0012]

For this reason, the first container suspending spreader of the present invention is as follows.

(1) Twist lock devices are provided on both sides of the cross beam respectively arranged at the front and rear ends and on both sides of the main frame in a position sandwiching the center line in the front and rear direction, so that one or two containers can be hung. Container detecting means for detecting whether or not a container for lifting and transporting exists below the main frame at a position on a center line crossing the center in the front-rear direction of the main frame of the spreader. Was provided.

(2) By comparing the detection signal of the container detecting means with the operation of the container crane by the operator, it is determined whether or not the cargo handling operation of the container crane corresponding to the detection signal of the container detecting means has been performed. If an erroneous operation that is not a cargo handling operation according to the mode is performed,
A control means is provided for correcting and controlling the erroneous operation to make a correct cargo handling operation in accordance with the mode of the container.

The container spreader according to the second aspect of the present invention includes the following means in addition to the above means (1) and (2).

(3) The above-described container detecting means is provided on both sides of the main body frame on a center line crossing the center of the main body frame of the spreader in the front-rear direction. The upper surface of the flat edge member in the length direction was a non-contact type sensor arranged to detect the presence or absence of the container by aiming vertically downward.

A third container spreader according to the present invention is the following means in addition to the above-mentioned means (1) to (3).

(4) When a container for lifting and transporting the above-mentioned non-contact type sensor is provided at both sides of the main body frame on a center line crossing the center of the main body of the spreader in the front-rear direction, the container is provided. The upper surface of the flat edge member in the length direction was illuminated with light rays vertically downward to form a photoelectric sensor arranged to detect the presence or absence of the container.

The container suspending spreader of the present invention has a structure such that one 40 'container is suspended or 20'.
At the time of hanging two containers, the spreader is vertically lowered on the container to be unloaded, and the axis crossing the center in the front-rear direction of the body frame of the spreader, that is, on the center line, or on both sides of the body frame on the center line,
Detecting means, or a non-contact type sensor, or a photoelectric type sensor, detects the presence or absence of a container that crosses the center line, and detects and controls an error in the cargo handling mode of the spreader by this detection signal, thereby controlling the spreader. Even when the operator of the crane operator's cab recognizes the container mode with one 40 'container suspended and performs the erroneous operation of the spreader in spite of the fact that the normal container mode is hanging two 20' containers, It is possible to prevent an accident caused by erroneous operation of the spreader, such as hanging of a container.

[0020]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a container suspending spreader according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG.
1 to 3 are views showing a first embodiment of a container suspending spreader of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a plan view of the spreader, FIG. 2 is a front view taken along arrows A to A in FIG. 1, and FIG. BB of 2
It is a cross-sectional view in the arrow direction. Note that the spreader 1 used in the present embodiment has the same configuration as the spreader 1 shown in the conventional example, and the same members as those in the conventional example are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. Omitted.

In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, reference numeral 20 denotes a portion near the center line 19 crossing the center of the main body frame 10 of the spreader 1 in the front-rear direction, and is disposed on both side surfaces of the main body frame 10 symmetrically with respect to the center line 19. A pair of left and right container detecting means attached to an intermediate portion of two rotatable columns 15 attached so as to rotate symmetrically along the side surface of the main body frame 10 by the operation of the cylinder 16.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the container detecting means 20 includes a rod elevating type detecting switch 21;
A support pipe 22 fixed to a side surface of the main body frame 10, and a rod 2 supported in the support pipe 22 so as to be able to move up and down freely
Preferably, the lower end of the rod 23 is provided so as to be able to contact the flattened upper surface of the edge member in the longitudinal direction of the container 18 to be unloaded, which is located below the main body frame 10.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, this type of rod elevating type container detecting means 20 is provided on both sides of the spreader main body frame 10 and also on the center line 19 of the main body frame 10. It is also possible to provide the single rod 23 so that the single rod 23 can enter and exit from the lower end of the main body frame 10 from the center of the width of the main body frame 10 and can freely move up and down. Further, in a free state, the rod 23 is positioned to protrude downward by its own weight, keeps the switch OFF state, and when the lower end of the rod 23 comes into contact with the upper surface of the container 18 by the lowering of the spreader 1 and is pushed up. , The detection switch 21 is turned on.

Table 1 shows the control means for correcting and instructing the error of the cargo handling mode of the spreader 1 for each operation mode of the spreader 1 in accordance with the detection signal of the container detecting means 20 (rod elevating detection switch 21). 6 is a table showing control contents. The control means for controlling the contents shown in Table 1 is provided in a control device (not shown) in the crane operation room where the spreader 1 is provided.

Since the container suspending spreader according to the present embodiment is configured as described above, the operator of the crane operator's cab automatically responds to the instructions from the ground and the instructions shown in Table 1 by the crane control device. Or under manual control,
The operation of hanging one container or two containers by the spreader 1 as described below is performed.

(1) In the case of the operation of suspending one 40 'container, the operator of the operator's cab
The operation of hanging one container is started. In this operation,
Four rotating columns 15 provided at the center of the spreader 1
Is drawn from the vertical position to the horizontal position, and the spreader 1 descends. If the container to be unloaded is a 40 'container as instructed, the rod 23 of the container detecting means 20
Is in contact with the upper surface of the edge member of the container located below the center line 19 of the main body frame 10 and is pushed up, and the detection switch 21 is turned on.

In this state, when the switch ON signal is sent to the control device, the control device continues the cargo handling operation as shown in Table 1, whereby the rod 23 is pushed up to almost the highest position, The spreader 1 is placed on the upper surface of the container, and four twist lock devices 17 provided on both sides of the cross beam 13 at both ends of the main body frame 1.
However, the container is coupled with four corner fittings provided on the front and rear sides of the 40 'container, and the container can be transported without trouble by winding up the spreader 1.

On the other hand, when the spreader 1 descends due to the operation of suspending one 40 'container, the container to be unloaded becomes inconsistent with the instruction or 20' due to mistake.
When the container mode is two and the container mode is wrong, the rod 23 of the detection switch 21 does not contact the container 18 in spite of the lowering of the spreader 1 and is placed with an interval in front and rear. Two 20 'containers 18
, The lower surface of the spreader 1 is landed on the container 18 in the switch OFF state.

In this state, when the switch OFF signal is sent to the control device, the control device obtains, as shown in Table 1,
An alarm is issued, and at the same time, the cargo handling operation is automatically stopped, and the operator is instructed to check the package. In response to this instruction, the operator inspects the spreader 1 and the container 18 on the ground to be unloaded, raises the spreader 1 while leaving it empty, and then switches to the 20 container 2 hanging control to perform the container loading operation. By restarting, the operation for hanging two 20 'containers can be performed. As a result, it is possible to prevent the two 20 'containers from hanging in a single state, thereby avoiding an accident due to this.

(2) In the case of the operation of suspending two 20 'containers The operator of the crane cab receives the instruction to suspend two 20' containers from the ground, and starts the operation of suspending two 20 'containers. In this operation, the spreader 1 descends in a state where the four rotatable columns 15 provided at the center of the spreader are swung downward in the vertical direction.

In this driving operation, if the number of containers to be unloaded is 40 'containers x 1 contrary to the instruction, the rod 23 is raised in contact with the 40' container, and the detection switch 21 is turned ON. In this state, spreader 1
Reaches the container, the ends of the two twist locks 17 at the center of the main body frame 10 are blocked by the upper surface of the center of the container and cannot be lifted. In this state, when the switch ON signal is sent to the control device, the control device issues an alarm as shown in Table 1, simultaneously stops the cargo handling operation automatically, and instructs the operator to check the package appearance. In response to this instruction, the operator inspects the spreader 1 and the container on the ground to be unloaded, raises the spreader 1 once in an empty state,
It is possible to switch to the control for hanging one 40 'container and restart the container handling without delay.

On the other hand, when the spreader descends by the operation of suspending two 20 'containers, if the number of containers 18 to be unloaded is 20 × 20 feet as instructed, the rod 23 of the detection switch 21 is moved forward. , The rear end of one container 18 placed later and the other container 18
The spreader 1 is landed on the upper surface of the front and rear containers 18 while lowering the gap between the front end of the container and the switch OFF state, and the eight twist lock devices 17
The four corner fittings of each of the four containers 18 can be connected.

In this state, when the switch-off signal is sent to the control device, the control device continues the cargo handling operation as shown in Table 1, thereby causing the spreader 8 to operate.
The two twist lock devices 17 are connected to four corner fittings of each of the two 20 'containers, so that the winding of the spreader 1 allows the two 20' containers 18 to be lifted and transported simultaneously without any trouble. Therefore, according to the above configuration, it is possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of unexpected accidents, especially serious accidents such as hanging of a container, etc., due to the recognition, transmission, operation error or the like of the situation.

Next, FIGS. 4 and 5 show a second embodiment of the container hanging spreader of the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged side view of the container detecting means as viewed in the direction of arrows CC in FIG.

In FIG. 4, reference numeral 20 'denotes a container detecting means using a non-contact type reflection sensor such as an ultrasonic type or a photoelectric type. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 24 denotes an angle-shaped flat edge plate which covers the intersection of the top wall and the side wall of the container 18 which is usually formed of a corrugated plate.

As in the case of the first embodiment, the container detecting means 20 'using this non-contact type sensor is attached to both sides of the center frame 19 of the main body frame 10 of the spreader 1 downward and facing the main body. It is provided so as to aim at the upper surface of the edge plate 24 of the container 18 located below the frame 10.
Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

The switch ON / OFF of the container detecting means 20 'using this non-contact type sensor during the operation of hanging one spreader 40' container and two 20 'containers by the operator in the crane cab.
The signals and the corresponding control contents of the control device are the same as those shown in Table 1.

As described above, since the container detecting means 20 'is constituted by a non-contact type sensor, the container suspending spreader of the present embodiment serves as a sensor of the container detecting means 20 used in the first embodiment. Since the deformation and damage of mechanical parts such as bending of the rod 23 and the occurrence of an operation error are eliminated, the detection accuracy of the container located on the center line of the spreader 1 is improved, and one or two containers are hung. The efficiency of the combined cargo handling operation can be improved, and the accurate operation operation corresponding to the container mode can be performed.

Further, by constituting the non-contact sensor of the lower container detecting means 20 'with a photoelectric sensor, detection errors due to wind can be prevented, and more accurate driving operation can be performed. In other words, compared to the ultrasonic sensor used as a non-contact sensor, the photoelectric sensor eliminates the problem of the ultrasonic sensor that causes the transmitted sound wave to be blown by the wind and causes an undetectable state, and the container detection It is possible to further enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the cargo handling operation for hanging and using one or two containers.

[0040]

[Table 1]

[0041]

As described above, according to the container suspending spreader of the present invention, the cross beam arranged at both ends of the spreader and the two sides of the center of the main body frame of the spreader can be provided by the structure shown in the claims. Container 1
The container 1 is provided with a twist lock device for hanging two units, a container detecting means provided at a position on the center of the main body frame, and a means for correcting and controlling an erroneous operation in accordance with a detection signal of the container detecting means. When hanging individual or two containers, the difference between the operation mode and the actual container mode below the spreader can always be detected and changed to the corresponding normal control. It has the effect of preventing the occurrence of accidents.

Further, the container detecting means is constituted by a non-contact type sensor or a photoelectric reflection type sensor, and the upper surface of the flat edge member in the longitudinal direction of the container is vertically positioned at both sides on the center line of the main frame. By arranging so as to aim downward, the effect of improving the detection accuracy of the container detecting means and improving the efficiency of hanging and operating one or two containers can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a first embodiment of a container hanging spreader according to the present invention.
Plan view showing the form,

2 is a front view taken along the line AA shown in FIG. 1,

3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB shown in FIG. 2,

FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the container suspending spreader of the present invention.
Front view showing the form,

FIG. 5 is an enlarged side view of the container detecting means taken along the line CC in FIG. 4,

FIG. 6 is a front view showing a conventional container suspending spreader.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Spreader for container suspension 10 Main body frame 11 Hoisting cable 12 Telescopic beam 13 Cross beam 14 Fixed column 15 Rotating column 16 Cylinder 17 Twist lock device 18 Container 19 Center line 20 Container detecting means (elevating rod type) 20 'Container detection Means (non-contact type) 21 Detection switch 22 Support pipe 23 Rod 24 Edge plate

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A main body frame that moves up and down by a hoisting cable, a telescopic beam that expands and contracts forward and backward from both ends of the main frame, a cross beam that is fixed to a tip end of the telescopic beam, both ends of the cross beam, A twist lock device protruding downward from both sides of the center of the body frame before and after the rear position and engaging with corner fittings provided on the upper surface of both sides of the front and rear ends of the container; Alternatively, in a container suspending spreader that is also used for suspending two containers, the container detecting unit is disposed on a center line in the front-rear direction of the main body frame and detects the container located below the main body frame; Control means for correcting and controlling erroneous operation in accordance with a detection signal from the container. 2. A non-contact type in which the container detecting means is disposed on both sides of the main body frame on the center line, and aims downward at a longitudinal flat edge member upper surface which crosses below the center line. The spreader according to claim 1, wherein the spreader is a sensor. 3. The non-contact type sensor is disposed on both sides of the main body frame on the center line, and irradiates a light beam downward on a top surface of a longitudinal edge member of the container passing below the center line. The spreader for hanging containers according to claim 2, wherein the spreader is a photoelectric sensor for aiming.