JPH10140166A - Apparatus for utilizing combustible and waste each containing carbon and ash - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus adapted so that it may treat combustibles and wastes having greatly different ash contents. SOLUTION: This invention provides an apparatus for utilizing combustibles, residues and wastes which have carbon and ash by gasification with an oxygenous oxidizing agent at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the inorganic component in a reaction chamber 2 in the form of a fluidized or fixed bed reactor under a pressure of the ambient pressure to 60 bar, wherein the contour of the reaction chamber is formed of a cooling wall 4 comprising a hermetically welded cooling coil tube a part of which is coated with a refractory lining 3 and a part of which is covered with a thin layer of a highly heat-resistant ceramic material riveted to the side of the reaction chamber, and the cooling coil tube is cooled and moved with pressurized water at the temperature between the upper and lower boiling points of the cooling water.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for utilizing combustibles (fuel) and waste containing carbon and ash from gasification.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an oxygen or oxygen-containing oxidizing agent in a flame reaction at a temperature of at least 1100 DEG C. under pressure or at atmospheric pressure under pressure or at atmospheric pressure. It can be used everywhere where gasification is carried out. Ash-containing combustibles include not only solid combustibles such as lignite and black coal and their coke with more or less high ash content, but also those with oils, tars or solids containing slightly inorganic components. Is understood as a mixture of Ash-containing waste is light based on the processing of solid and liquid materials, especially municipal and industrial sludge, waste oils, PCB-containing oils, plastics and refuse from households or their fractionated products, automobiles, cables and electronics scrap. Wastes such as crushed materials and contaminated aqueous solutions and substances resulting from recycling activities.

In the art of gas generation, solid, liquid and
Autotherme Flugst gasification of gaseous combustibles
romvergasung) have been known for many years. At that time, acid of combustible material
The ratio to the oxygen-containing gasifying agent depends on the synthesis gas quality.
CO and H are higher carbon compounds _TwoTo synthesis gas components such as
It is completely decomposed and the inorganic components are discharged as enamel molten slag.
(J. Carl, P. Fritz,
Noel conversion method (NOELL-KONVERSIONSVERFAHREN), EF-Ver
lag fuer Energie- und Umwelttechnik GmbH, 1996
Year, p. 39).

[0004] According to various systems introduced in the art, the gasified gas and the molten slag are separately or commonly discharged from the reaction chamber of the gasifier (FJ Schweit).
zer, heat selection method (Thermoselect-Verfahren), EF-Verlag
fuer Energie- und Umwelttechnik GmbH, 1994
Year, 156 pages). For the internal definition of the reaction chamber contour of the gasification system, a refractory lining is provided or a cooling system is introduced (DE-A-444 680).
No. 3 (DE 4446803 A1)).

[0005] Gasification systems with refractory linings include:
It has the advantage of low heat loss and therefore exhibits an energetically efficient conversion of the supplied combustibles. However, the molten slag that flows off the inner surface of the reaction chamber during scattered gasification melts the refractory lining, and therefore has a very limited travel time (Reisezeiten) before a new cost-intensive backing (Neuzustellung) ) Is only acceptable, so the system is only applicable for ash-free combustibles.

In order to tolerate this drawback in ash-containing combustibles, a cooled system has been introduced according to the partition principle. Upon cooling, a solid slag layer is first formed on the surface attached to the reaction chamber, the thickness of which is increased until the slag further accumulated from the gasification chamber flows out of the wall in a liquid state and flows out of the reaction chamber together with the gasification gas, for example. Become. Such a system guarantees a very stable and long travel time. The essential drawback of this system is that up to about 5% of the energy provided is diverted to the cooled shade and is obtained only in the form of hot water or low pressure steam. It is a significant drawback, especially for low calorie combustibles and waste.

Various combustibles and wastes, such as oils containing heavy metals or light ash, tar or tar-oil-solid sludge, form a sufficient protective slag layer in the case of cooled reactor walls. Contains too little ash, which results in additional energy loss, while too high an ash content may cause melting or decomposition of the refractory layer in a refractory lined reactor. Inevitably, they cannot achieve a sufficiently high travel time before a new backing.

[0008] Based on this prior art, the object of the present invention is to devise an apparatus which adapts in the range of very different ash contents of combustibles and waste.

[0009]

This object is achieved by the features of the first claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.

The device according to the invention is suitable for the gasification of combustibles and wastes of different ash contents and for the combined gasification of hydrocarbon-containing gases, liquids and solids. According to the invention, the reaction chamber contour for the gasification process involving the shattered-flow reactor and the fixed-bed reactor is defined in part by a refractory lining and in part by a cooled shade.

The reactor is adapted for a pressure between ambient and 60 bar, preferably between ambient and 30 bar. In this case, the refractory lining may include the reaction chamber or a part of the column and the bottom of the reaction chamber. The part not made of refractory material is formed by a highly cooled profile with a ceramic covering.
The extent of the area to be cooled depends on the amount of enamel melt slag produced.

The cooling zone is formed by single or multiple wound coiled tubes which are flowed through cooling water having a pressure above the gasification pressure and a high velocity. The cooling coil tube is moved by pressurized water cooling above and below the boiling point of the cooling water.
The cooling coil tube is attached to the side of the reaction chamber and is coated with a good thermally conductive ceramic material. With good cooling, the molten enamel slag solidifies into this material, leaving a slag skin on the still liquid slag and flowing out. In this way, reliable protection of the cooling coil tube also occurs before the corrosive action.

Instead of an airtightly welded pipe shade,
A double jacket structure with a cooling gap (Kuehlspalt) may be used. It is furthermore advantageous if the cooling is configured such that the cooling of the overhanging opening with the columnar jacket and the bottom can proceed in series or in parallel. The cooling of the columnar reaction chamber structure spreads upward without any problem. It is furthermore advantageous if the connection between the refractory material and the basic cooling part is partially overlapped in order to compensate for various thermal expansions. An advantage of the solution according to the invention is that different ash contents of combustibles and waste can be taken into account.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the embodiments shown in FIGS. The embodiment depicted in FIG. 1 is used to utilize polluted waste oil with low solids content without harming the environment through the generation of gasified raw gas at about 1500 ° C. at 26 bar. 1 shows a gasification reactor. The reactor is provided at the upper part with a refractory lining 3 which at the lower part is transferred to a basic cooling device 4 which consists of a tube wound in a spiral shape and whose wrap is connected to each other over a hermetically welded web. The basic cooling device 4 has a columnar part and a conical part. The cooling water supply / discharge 5 of the basic cooling device 4 is performed via a support portion in the container jacket.

In the center at the lower bottom of the reactor is arranged an overhanging cooling device 6 forming a raw gas / slag discharge opening,
A slag dropping edge 7 is located at the lower part. In the present embodiment, the supply and discharge of the cooling water of the overhanging cooling device 8 is guided outside from the pressure chamber through the container jacket. In principle, the basic cooling device 4 and the overhanging cooling device 6 are connected in series.
Is possible. A cooling and washing stage 9 is connected to the reactor downward.

The assembly gap between the basic cooling device 4, the overhanging cooling device 6 and the reaction chamber 2 to the refractory lined metal pressure vessel is sealed with a ceramic fiber material 10. The pressure jacket is surrounded by a cooling jacket 11, which is flowed with water. The gasification medium enters the reaction chamber 2 via the combustion unit 1 and is converted by a flame reaction.
Flame ignition occurs in the heated refractory lining 3. A basic cooling device 4 consisting of a refractory lining and a tube wound in a spiral shape is supported on a cooled suspension plate 12.

The embodiment according to FIG. 2 shows a reactor for gasified substances having a very low solids content. In this case, it is possible to form a foundation made of a refractory material or to provide only a cooled overhang 6.

The refractory lining 3 of the reactor is supported on a cooled suspension plate 12. Overhang cooling device 6
Is formed by a tube structure which guarantees a high flow rate of the cooling water. The slab drip edge 7 forms a lower end to the cooling and washing stage 9 of the reaction chamber, similar to FIG.

The embodiment according to FIG. 3 shows a gasification reactor with a subsequent preheating boiler 13. Examples 1 and 2
The clearly recognized heat of the gasified gas and the molten slag leaving the reactor at about 1500 ° C. according to
It is energetically and technically significant to utilize the clearly recognized heat by the generation of high-pressure steam, while being bound by the evaporation of the water injected in the process. For this purpose, the reactor type according to examples 1 and 2 is followed by a preheating boiler 13 according to FIG.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a gasification reactor according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a reactor for a gasified substance having a low solids content.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a gasification reactor provided with a preheat boiler.

[Description of Signs] 1 Combustion unit 2 Reaction chamber 3 Refractory lining 4 Basic cooling device 5 Water supply / discharge 6 Overhang cooling device 7 Slag dropping edge 8 Overhang portion 9 Cooling and washing stage 10 Ceramic fiber material 11 Cooling jacket 12 Suspension plate

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Helmut Paise Germany Day 09599 Freiberg Damstrasse 51 (72) Inventor Manfrett Singnitz Germany Day 09599 Freiberg Kernerstrasse 19

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. Oxygen at a temperature above the melting point of the inorganic components in the reaction chamber (2) formed as a scattered flow or fixed bed reactor at ambient pressure and 60 bar, preferably between ambient pressure and 30 bar. A device utilizing combustibles, residues and wastes containing carbon and ash by gasification using a contained oxidant. The reaction chamber has a partly refractory lining (3) and partly a reaction chamber. It is formed by a cooling wall (4) consisting of a cooling coil tube which is attached to the side and is airtightly welded and covered with a thin layer of a good thermally conductive ceramic body, said cooling coil tube being above the boiling point of the cooling water and A device that is moved by being cooled by pressurized water below. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cooling range of the reaction chamber contour is limited to a lower outlet opening. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a double-jacketed structure with a cooling gap is used instead of the securely welded coil tube. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the cooling of the lower bottom provided with the columnar jacket and the overhanging opening is performed in series or in parallel. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the cooling of the columnar reactant profile is arbitrarily increased upward. 6. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the connection between the refractory material and the basic cooling part is partially overlapped and finished.