JPH10121453A - Penetration testing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a penetration testing device capable of eliminating necessity of physically very severe work and carrying out precise measurement without causing personal equation to the utmost at the time of carrying out a Swedish sounding test. SOLUTION: A penetration test device is furnished with a chuck part 13 of a rod 12 for a penetration test and a loading part 15 of specified weight consisting of a rotational driving part 14 of the rod 12. Additionally, a fluid pressure cylinder 17 for rod lifting connected to the loading part 15 free to separate from it and to lift the loading part 15 up to specified height, a fluid pressure cylinder of loading a load to load a specified load by contractive driving force on the loading part 15 by following and moving to the loading part 15 at the time of contractive work and a measuring part to measure penetration quantity of the rod 12 for the penetration test are provided.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for measuring the degree of softness or tightness of a ground, that is, the strength of ground support, by penetrating a penetration test rod into the ground and measuring the penetration resistance at the time of the penetration. The present invention relates to an apparatus for performing a penetration test called a Swedish sounding test.

[0002]

FIG. 7 shows a conventional Swedish sounding test apparatus. In this figure, 1 is a handle, 2 is a weight, and two 10 kg and three 25 kg are used. Reference numeral 3 denotes a loading clamp having a weight of 5 kg. 4 is a bottom plate, 5 is a rod having a length of 1 m for attaching the handle 1, the weight 2, and the loading clamp 3, and 6 is a 0.8 m length having a scale P every 25 cm.
The screw point rod is connected to the rod 5, and a tip of the screw point 7 is connected to the end of the rod.

The Swedish sounding test using the above-mentioned apparatus is performed in the following operation sequence.

(1) First, in a state where the weight 2 is not attached, a 5 kg loading clamp 3 is fixed at a position 50 cm from the position of the screw point 7, and the rod 5 and the rod 5 are connected to the survey point through the bottom plate 4. The screw point rod 6 is supported upright. Here, a reference plane for measurement is provided near the ground surface.

(2) It is checked whether or not the rod 6 penetrates into the ground as it is, and if it does penetrate, measure the length from the reference plane when the penetration stops to the next graduation line of the rod 6. Determine the amount of penetration and record the amount of penetration for a load of 5 kg.

(3) Next, the weight 2 of 100 kg is placed on the loading clamp 3 and the same operation as in (2) is performed to record the penetration amount of 15 kg.

(4) Then, the load is increased one after another,
Repeat step (3). The loading stages are 5kg, 15kg,
25kg, 50kg, 75kg, 100kg, but mainly 5kg
The penetrations at 0 kg, 75 kg and 100 kg are measured.

(5) When the loading clamp 3 reaches the bottom plate 4, the weight 2 is removed, and if the rod 6 is not enough, the loading clamp 3 is extended, and the loading clamp 3 is pulled up by 50 cm and fixed.
Perform the above operations.

(6) If the penetration of the rod 6 stops at 100 kg, the amount of penetration is measured, the handle 1 is attached as it is, and the handle 1 is rotated so that no vertical force is applied to it. Record the number of half revolutions required to penetrate to the scale line. The measurement after this is 25cm (scale P)
Do it every time. The direction of rotation of the handle 1 is clockwise, and the direction in which the handle 1 is temporarily stopped every half rotation is counted as one time.

(7) When the screw point 7 hits a large stone or the like and the rotational repulsion of the handle 1 becomes extremely large, the measurement is stopped. When the measurement is completed, the weight 2 is lowered, all the rods 5 and 6 are pulled out by a pulling-out device, the number is checked, and the screw point 7 is checked for abnormality.

[0011]

As described above, in the use of the Swedish sounding test with the conventional device, individual labor of measured persons appeared in reading of measured values and judgment of self-sinking due to severe physical labor. . That is, in the conventional test apparatus, the lifting and lowering of the weight 2 of 10 kg and 25 kg has to be performed every time when the weight 2 penetrates 50 cm.
For example, when it penetrates into the ground of 10m, it is necessary to raise and lower the weight 2 20 times. Therefore, one worker at a time
It lifts and lowers two 9kgs and three 25kgs, so 10x
2 x 20 x 2 + 25 x 3 x 20 x 2 = 3800 kg In other words, the operator had to work to lift up to 3800 kg, equivalent to 152 weights 2 in terms of 25 kg weight, to penetrate 10 m per point. In addition, since the penetration, the penetration speed, the number of revolutions, and the like of the rod are visually observed and recorded in the measurement, there is a possibility that the measurement data varies depending on the operator.

The present invention eliminates the need for physically demanding work when conducting a Swedish sounding test, and allows a penetration test device capable of performing an accurate measurement with minimum occurrence of individual differences. The task is to provide

[0013]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a penetration test apparatus, comprising: a chuck portion for clamping a penetration test rod; and a penetration test rod clamped by the chuck portion.
A loading unit 15 having a predetermined weight supported by a rotary drive unit 14 for rotating the storage unit and supported so as to be able to move up and down, and a rod for detachably connecting the loading unit 15 to the loading unit 15 by a connecting means 16 and lifting the loading unit 15 to a predetermined height A lifting hydraulic fluid cylinder 17; a load hydraulic fluid cylinder 18 that moves following the loading portion 15 during the contraction operation and applies a predetermined load to the loading portion 15 by the contraction driving force;
A measuring section 19 for measuring the amount of penetration of the penetration test rod 12 is provided on the apparatus main body 10.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the penetration test apparatus according to the first aspect, the load-loading hydraulic cylinder 18 is an air cylinder connected to the load section 15 in an interlocked manner.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the penetration test apparatus according to the first or second aspect, the piston rod 17a of the hydraulic cylinder 17 for lifting the rod is provided with a vertical guide means G.
2, the linking means 16 is operatively connected to an elevating frame 30 which is supported to be able to move up and down.
This connecting means 16 connects one end of a rotating lever 32 rotatable about a horizontal support shaft 31 to a hydraulic cylinder 33 for rotation, and engages a locking portion 34 provided at the tip of the rotating lever 32. The hydraulic cylinder 33 is adapted to be disengaged from the locked part 35 provided on the loading part 15 by the expansion and contraction operation of the hydraulic cylinder 33.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the penetration test apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects, the hydraulic cylinder 17 for lifting the rod comprises a hydraulic cylinder.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the penetration test apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the apparatus main body 10 is provided with a traveling drive means 11 so that the apparatus main body 10 can run on its own.

[0018]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the entire penetration test apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side view thereof. In these figures, reference numeral 10 denotes an apparatus main body, which is composed of an endless track belt. Self-propelled by the driving means 11. A horizontal base 20 is provided on the apparatus main body 10, and on this horizontal base 20, a chuck portion 13 for clamping the penetration test rod 12, and the penetration test rod 12 clamped by this is rotationally driven. A loading unit 15 having a predetermined weight, which is constituted by a rotation driving unit 14 and the like;
6, a hydraulic cylinder 17 for lifting the rod, which is detachably connected to the loading section 15 to lift the loading section 15 to a predetermined height, and a movement following the loading section 15 during the contraction operation to cause the loading section 15 to contract. Fluid pressure cylinder 18 for applying a predetermined load by driving force
And a measuring unit 1 for measuring the amount of penetration of the penetration test rod 12
9 are provided. As shown in FIG. 5, the rod lifting fluid pressure cylinder 17, the loading portion 15, and the load loading fluid pressure cylinder 18 are arranged in the front-rear direction of the apparatus main body 10, and are arranged along one side thereof. A vertical frame 21 stands vertically on the horizontal base 20. still,
4 and 5, reference numeral 21a denotes a support frame for backing up the vertical frame 21.

As can be seen from FIG. 3 to FIG.
Has a lifting frame 22, and a hydraulic chuck 13 for clamping the penetration test rod 12 in a vertical position is provided below the lifting frame 22.
A rotary drive unit 14 including a hydraulic motor 23, a gear mechanism 24, and the like for rotating the penetration test rod 12 clamped by 3 is provided. A cam clutch is provided between the rotary drive unit 14 and the chuck unit 13. 51 are interposed. The cam clutch 51 enables the chuck portion 13 to rotate in one direction when the rotation drive portion 14 is in a non-operation state, and the rod 12 held by the chuck portion 13 is rotated by the spiral portion of the screw point 7. It is intended to be able to self-sink. Further, a shock absorber 25 is provided at a lower end of one side of the lifting frame 22. The lifting frame 22 includes a pair of guide rails 26, 26 disposed along the vertical frame 21, and a plurality of sliders 27 attached to the lifting frame 22 and slidably held by the guide rail 26. The loading section 15 is supported in a vertical posture so as to be able to move up and down by the vertical guide means G1. The loading portion 15 is set such that its own weight becomes 50 kg.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the hydraulic cylinder 17 for lifting the rod is composed of a hydraulic cylinder, and is installed in a downwardly U-shaped underframe 29 erected on a horizontal base 20. The piston rod 17a projects from the top plate 29a. The piston rod 17a is linked to an elevating frame 30 supported by the vertical guide means G2 so as to be able to move up and down. The connecting means 16 is provided on the elevating frame 30. This connecting means 16
The piston rod 3a of the hydraulic cylinder 33 for rotation is connected to one end of a rotation lever 32 rotatable about a horizontal support shaft 31.
And a locking roller 34 (locking portion) pivotally attached to the tip of the rotating lever 32.
5 is adapted to be disengaged from a flange 35 (locked portion) provided at an upper end portion by the expansion and contraction operation of the hydraulic cylinder 33. The vertical guide means G2 includes a pair of guide rails 36 disposed along the vertical frame 21 and a plurality of sliders 37 attached to the elevating frame 30 and slidably held by the guide rails 36. Consists of

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the connecting means 16 causes the locking roller 34 (locking portion) at the tip of the rotary lever 32 to move to the flange on the loading portion 15 side by the contraction operation of the rotary hydraulic cylinder 33. 35 (locked part)
The fluid pressure cylinder 17 for lifting the rod and the loading portion 15 are connected to each other, and the loading portion 15 is raised by extending the fluid pressure cylinder 17 by a predetermined stroke in this connected state,
When the hydraulic cylinder for rotation 33 is extended, FIG.
As shown by the solid line, the locking roller 34 is detached from the flange 35 on the loading portion 15 side to release the connection between the rod lifting fluid pressure cylinder 17 and the loading portion 15, whereby the loading portion 15 is raised. From its own weight.

The fluid pressure cylinder 18 for applying a load is composed of an air cylinder, and as shown in FIGS.
And the piston rod 18a is
It is connected to a connection frame 39 connected to the lifting frame 22 of the loading section 15. The loading section 15 is set so that the total weight including the weight of the connection frame 39 is 50 kg. The load-loading hydraulic cylinder 18 is configured to sequentially apply a predetermined load, for example, 25 kg and 50 kg, to the loading portion 15 having a weight of 50 kg as described above. For example, an operation circuit as shown in FIG. 6 is used. In FIG. 6, reference numeral 40 denotes a compressor as a pneumatic pressure source, which is installed in the apparatus main body 10 (shown by phantom lines in FIG. 1). In between, two load setting valves 42 and 43 are disposed via a load switching valve 41, and one of the valves 42 is
The other valve 43 is for a load of 50 kg, and the other valve 43 is for a load of 50 kg. The head side chamber 18c of the cylinder 18 is open to the atmosphere. The load switching valve 41 is controlled by a computer in a control unit 44 (see FIG. 1) provided in the apparatus main body 10.

In the operation circuit shown in FIG.
Is in the position (b) as shown in the drawing, the load-loading hydraulic cylinder 18 is in a free state because its rod-side chamber 18b is open to the atmosphere. When the load switching valve 41 switches from the position (b) to the position (a),
Compressed air from the compressor 40 is supplied to the rod-side chamber 18b of the load-loading hydraulic cylinder 18 through a load setting valve 42 of 25 kg.
Is configured to apply a load of 25 kg to the loading portion 15 while performing a contraction operation following the loading portion 15. At this time, the loading unit 15 has a pressing load of 75 kg obtained by adding the above-mentioned load of 25 kg to its own weight of 50 kg. afterwards,
When the load switching valve 41 is switched to the position (b), the compressed air in the rod side chamber 18b is released to the atmosphere, and the cylinder 18 is in a free state. Since the load-loading fluid pressure cylinder 18 is formed of an air cylinder,
The operating speed is faster than that of a hydraulic cylinder, and
5 can surely follow the downward movement.

Next, the load switching valve 41 is changed from (b) to (c).
, The compressed air from the compressor 40 is supplied to the rod side chamber 18b of the fluid pressure cylinder 18 through the load setting valve 43 of 50 kg, so that the cylinder 18 follows the loading portion 15 in the same manner as described above. Then, a 50 kg load is applied to the loading portion 15 while contracting. At this time, the loading unit 15 applies the above-mentioned load 50 to its own weight.
It will have a pressing load of 100 kg plus kg. Thereafter, the load switching valve 41 is switched to the position (b),
The compressed air in the rod side chamber 18b is released to the atmosphere. The load-loading hydraulic cylinder 18 has a piston rod 1
After the required stroke of 8a has been lowered, the loading section 15 is lifted and returned in the free state with the raising operation of the loading section 15.

The measuring unit 19 for measuring the amount of elevation of the penetration test rod 12, that is, the penetration depth of the penetration test rod 12 descending integrally with the lifting frame 22 is provided in the apparatus main body 10.
Is provided. The measuring unit 19 is a well-known device using a proximity switch, and as shown schematically in FIGS. 4 and 5, a long strip-shaped signal generating plate 19a provided vertically along the inner side surface of the vertical frame 21 and , This signal generating plate 19
a corresponding to the sensor portion 19b provided on the lifting frame 22 of the loading portion 15, and the signal generating plate 19a is formed with a concavo-convex portion continuously in a sawtooth shape along the longitudinal direction thereof,
The penetration depth of the penetration test rod 12 is measured by the sensor unit 19b that moves in proximity to this.

The main body 10 includes a traveling drive unit 1.
An air-cooled four-stroke engine 45 for driving the endless orbital ring, which is 1, is used, and a hydraulic drive unit 46 for driving the rod lifting fluid pressure cylinder 17 and the chuck unit 13 using the output of the engine 45.
And a hydraulic drive unit 47 for driving the rotation drive unit 14. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 48 denotes an operation lever of the traveling drive unit 11. Reference numeral 49 denotes a rod rotation speed measuring unit for counting the rotation speed of the penetration test rod 12, and reference numeral 50 denotes a soundproof generator.

In using the penetration test apparatus having the above-described configuration, first, the apparatus main body 10 is moved to a required inspection point by the traveling drive means 11, and the loading section 15 is moved to the lowered position as shown in FIG. When the rod lifting fluid pressure cylinder 17 is in the retracted operation position, the connecting means 16 is operated to lock the locking roller 34 to the flange 35 on the loading portion 15 side, so that the rod lifting fluid pressure The cylinder 17 and the loading section 15 are connected to each other, and the fluid pressure cylinder 17
By performing a predetermined stroke extension operation,
5 is lifted to a predetermined height. At this position, the loading section 15
The rod 12 for penetrating test is inserted into the rod, and the screw point 7 (see FIG. 7) at the tip of the rod 12 is supported on the inspection point.
Clamp 2 When the loading section 15 is lifted, the load-loading hydraulic cylinder 18 is in a free state, and its piston rod 18a extends with the loading section 15 connected by the connection frame 39.

After the loading portion 15 has been raised to a predetermined height as described above, the hydraulic cylinder 33 of the connecting means 16 is contracted and the locking roller 34 is moved via the rotating lever 32 from the flange 35 on the loading portion 15 side. When the loading unit 15 is detached and the connection between the loading unit 15 and the hydraulic cylinder 17 for lifting the rod is released, the penetration test rod 12 clamped by the chuck unit 13 of the loading unit 15 has the own weight of the loading unit 15.
It penetrates into the ground with a load of 0 kg. The amount of penetration of the penetration test rod 12 at this time is measured by the measuring unit 19.

Next, when the penetration test rod 12 does not sink into the ground due to the load of 50 kg, the load switching valve 41 shown in FIG. Air is supplied to the rod side chamber 18b of the load-loading fluid pressure cylinder 18 through a load setting valve 42 of 25 kg.
Apply a load of 5 kg. At this time, a 75 kg pressing load obtained by adding the above-mentioned load of 25 kg to the loading portion 15 is applied to the loading portion 15. Therefore, the penetration test rod 12 penetrates into the ground by the 75 kg pressing load, that is, self-sinks. At this time, the penetration amount of the penetration test rod 12 is
Measured by In this case, since the hydraulic cylinder 18 for load application is an air cylinder having an operation speed higher than that of the hydraulic cylinder, the ground is soft and the rod 1 for the penetration test is used.
Even if the self-sedimentation speed of 2 increases, it is possible to accurately follow the lowering of the loading section 15.

Then, when the penetration test rod 12 does not sink into the ground due to the 75 kg load, the load switching valve 41 is switched to the position (b) in FIG. After discharging the compressed air in the rod side chamber 18b to the atmosphere, the load switching valve 41
(C), the compressed air from the compressor 40 is supplied to the rod side chamber 18b of the fluid pressure cylinder 18 through the load setting valve 43 of 50 kg. A load of 50 kg is applied to the loading portion 15 while moving following the moving portion 15. At this time, the loading part 15 has its own weight of 50 kg.
Is applied with the above-mentioned load of 50 kg, so that the penetration test rod 12 penetrates into the ground by the 100 kg of the load. The amount of penetration of the penetration test rod 12 at this time is measured by the measuring unit 19.

After the penetration amount of the penetration test rod 12 is measured as described above, when the penetration test rod 12 does not penetrate any more, the rotation drive unit 14 of the loading unit 15
Is operated to rotate the penetration test rod 12 clamped by the chuck portion 13 connected to the rotation drive portion 14, and the rod 12 is penetrated into the ground, and the 25 cm (scale P) as shown in FIG. ) Is measured by the measuring unit 19, the rotation speed of the rod 12 at that time is read by a rod rotation speed counter 49, and these are recorded in a computer.

When the screw point 7 of the penetration test rod 12 hits a large stone or the like and the rotation repulsion of the rotation drive unit 14 becomes so large that the rotation stops, the measurement is stopped. When the measurement is over,
The chuck portion 13 of the loading portion 15 is opened to pull out the penetration test rod 12 from the loading portion 15, the number of connected rods 12 is checked, and whether or not the screw point 7 at the tip is abnormal is checked.

When the inspection of one inspection point is completed, the apparatus main body 10 is moved to the next required inspection point by the traveling drive means 11, and the penetration test can be performed in the same manner as described above. According to this penetration test apparatus, there is a great advantage that the apparatus can be easily and easily moved to a necessary investigation point to perform a penetration test.

[0034]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the apparatus main body comprises a chuck portion and a rotary drive portion for rotatingly driving a penetration test rod clamped to the chuck portion, and has a predetermined weight which is supported so as to be able to move up and down. A loading section, a hydraulic cylinder for lifting the rod, which is detachably connected to the loading section by a connecting means, and lifts the loading section to a predetermined height; The conventional penetration test apparatus is constructed by providing a load pressure fluid pressure cylinder for applying a predetermined load by a force and a measuring unit for measuring the penetration amount of the penetration test rod. The need for heavy manual labor to manually load the weights one by one manually during the penetration of the rod for penetration testing as in, eliminates the need to read measured values and judge self-sinking. Somehow and can be carried out very accurately. In addition, this penetration test device has a simple structure of the whole device, and does not require manual rotation of the rod for penetration test rod peculiar to the Swedish sounding test as in the past, and is automatically performed. Since the rotational force can be kept constant, accurate measurement can be performed with less damage to the penetration test rod.

According to the second aspect, the load-loading hydraulic cylinder is an air cylinder having a higher operating speed than the hydraulic cylinder. Therefore, even if the ground is soft and the self-sedimentation speed of the penetration test rod increases, the load can be reduced. It is possible to accurately follow the lowering of the part.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the connecting means for connecting the rod lifting fluid pressure cylinder and the loading portion is configured such that one end of a rotary lever rotatable about a horizontal support shaft is interlocked with the rotary hydraulic cylinder. In addition to the above-described cylinder, the locking portion provided at the tip of the rotating lever is disengaged from the locked portion provided on the load portion by the expansion and contraction operation of the hydraulic cylinder. The connecting operation between the connecting means and the loading section can be performed quickly and easily, and the structure of the connecting means can be made compact, so that no space is required.

According to the fourth aspect, since the rod lifting fluid pressure cylinder is a hydraulic cylinder, the loading portion can be lifted accurately to a predetermined height.

According to the fifth aspect, the traveling drive means is provided in the apparatus main body, and the apparatus main body can be self-propelled, so that the apparatus main body can be quickly moved to the investigation point, and the investigation efficiency can be significantly improved. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic plan view of a penetration test apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the penetration test apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view of a main part of the penetration test device shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged plan view of a main part of the penetration test device shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is an operation circuit diagram of a load-loading hydraulic cylinder.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing a conventional penetration test apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Apparatus main body 11 Travel drive means 12 Penetration test rod 13 Chuck part 14 Rotation drive part 15 Loading part 16 Connecting means 17 Fluid pressure cylinder for lifting rod 18 Fluid pressure cylinder for load load 19 Measurement part 31 Horizontal support shaft 32 times Moving lever 33 Hydraulic cylinder 34 Piston rod (locking part) 35 Flange (locked part) G2 Vertical guide means

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A loading portion having a predetermined weight, comprising a chuck portion for clamping a penetration test rod and a rotary drive portion for rotatingly driving the penetration test rod clamped by the chuck portion, the loading portion having a predetermined weight supported so as to be able to move up and down, and connecting means. A fluid cylinder for lifting the rod, which is detachably connected to the loading section and lifts the loading section to a predetermined height; and A penetrating test apparatus comprising a fluid pressure cylinder for applying a pressure and a measuring unit for measuring the amount of penetration of a penetration test rod on an apparatus body. 2. The penetration test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the load-loading hydraulic cylinder comprises an air cylinder interlocked to the load section. 3. A piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder for lifting a rod is connected to a lifting frame supported vertically by a vertical guide means, and the connecting means is provided on the lifting frame. One end of a rotating lever rotatable about a horizontal support shaft is interlocked to a hydraulic cylinder for rotation, and a locking portion provided at a tip of the rotating lever is a locked portion provided on the load portion. 2. The hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1, wherein said hydraulic cylinder is disengaged by a hydraulic cylinder.
Or the penetration test device according to 2. 4. The penetration test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic cylinder for lifting the rod comprises a hydraulic cylinder. 5. The penetration test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a traveling drive unit is provided on the apparatus main body, and the apparatus main body can be self-propelled.