JPH10111494A - Liquid crystal display device and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To stably realize the display of a wide visual field angle of a liquid crystal display device having a structure to seal liquid crystals into the holes surrounded by resin by forming resin layers (i.e., the resin layers which coat electrodes) constituting at least the front and rear surfaces of the holes so that their surfaces have good horizontal orientation characteristics. SOLUTION: This liquid crystal display device has oriented films 30, 31 which are disposed on a pair of substrates 10, 11 arranged facing each other, the plural holes which penetrate the resin layers 40 held by a pair of the substrates 10, 11 and liquid crystals 50 which are packed into the holes. The oriented films 30, 31 are horizontally oriented film which horizontally orient liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystals 50 are in contact with the horizontally oriented films and the wall surfaces 41W of the holes.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to an improvement in a liquid crystal display device in which a viewing angle is widened by using a structure in which liquid crystal is sealed in a hole surrounded by a resin.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various improvements have been made to liquid crystal display devices in order to increase the viewing angle. As one of the technologies,
There is a device using a structure in which liquid crystal is sealed in a hole surrounded by a resin, and the structure and characteristics are described in detail in JP-A-7-120728. The basic structure and manufacturing method will be described with reference to FIGS.

In FIG. 9, transparent electrodes 20 and 21 are provided on the inner surfaces of glass substrates 10 and 11, and a resin layer 140 is formed in the gap. A plurality of holes 141 are formed in the resin layer 140 corresponding to the display cells, and a liquid crystal 150 is sealed therein.

A nematic liquid crystal to which a chiral agent is added is usually used as the liquid crystal 150, and a photo-curable resin is used as the resin. The hole 141 including the liquid crystal 150 is formed as follows.

[0005] A material obtained by mixing the above liquid crystal material and resin material is sealed between the substrates, and ultraviolet rays are irradiated using a photomask that shields the holes corresponding to the display cells from light. Due to this ultraviolet irradiation, the resin undergoes a polymerization reaction in a portion outside the hole, and the liquid crystal material and the resin material undergo phase separation. As the polymerization reaction and the phase separation progress, the resin aggregates outside the holes, and the liquid crystal aggregates and solidifies in the holes. As a result, as shown in FIG. 9, a resin layer 140 in which the liquid crystal 150 is filled in the hole 141 is formed.

The liquid crystal 150 sealed in the hole 141 of the resin layer is oriented as shown in FIG. In the figure, 1
51, 152 and 153 are S151 (upper layer) and S in FIG.
It is a top view which shows the orientation state of the liquid crystal of the surface corresponding to 152 (middle layer) and S153 (lower layer). In the upper layer and the lower layer, the liquid crystal molecules are spirally aligned, and in the middle layer, the liquid crystal molecules are concentrically aligned. Such alignment is caused firstly by the fact that the entire wall surface of the hole 141 of the resin layer surrounding the liquid crystal 150 has horizontal alignment characteristics. Next, the liquid crystal molecules are easily aligned in the rotation direction by adding a chiral agent. It is because it has become. In each case, the above-mentioned spiral or concentric orientation is an axially symmetric orientation with respect to a point substantially at the center of the spiral or concentric circle.

The above-mentioned orientation state shows a case where no voltage is applied. On the other hand, when a voltage is applied, the voltage increases and the liquid crystal molecules stand in a direction perpendicular to the electrodes.However, at any voltage level, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in an axially symmetric manner. Has become. As described above, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented axially symmetrically, so that the liquid crystal display device can realize good display with a wide viewing angle.

[0008]

In the above-mentioned liquid crystal display device, the three types of surfaces (upper surface 141U, lower surface 141D, and side surface 141W in FIG. 9) which form holes in the resin layer are all made of the same material having horizontal alignment characteristics. It consists of In addition, this resin is a photocurable resin, which must be used in a mixture with a liquid crystal material in a manufacturing process, and capable of causing appropriate aggregation and phase separation by ultraviolet irradiation. However, when selecting a resin that satisfies all of these conditions, there is a problem that a resin having good horizontal alignment characteristics cannot always be selected.

In order to orient the liquid crystal molecules in an axially symmetric manner,
Of the above three types of surfaces, especially the upper and lower surfaces 14 covering the electrodes
It is important that 1U, 141D has good horizontal alignment characteristics. However, when a resin having good horizontal alignment characteristics cannot be selected as described above, FIG.
In some cases, the axially symmetric orientation as shown in (1) becomes insufficient, and as a result, there arises a problem that display characteristics such as contrast and viewing angle are deteriorated.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to realize a liquid crystal display device in which at least upper and lower surfaces 141U and 141D covering electrodes have good horizontal alignment characteristics.

That is, according to the present invention, in a liquid crystal display device having a structure in which liquid crystal is sealed in a hole surrounded by a resin, a resin layer constituting at least the upper and lower surfaces of the hole (that is, a resin layer covering the electrodes). It is an object of the present invention to provide a structure in which the surface has good horizontal alignment characteristics, and to provide a manufacturing method for easily manufacturing the liquid crystal display device.

[0012]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display device comprising: an alignment film disposed on inner surfaces of a pair of substrates disposed opposite to each other; A plurality of holes penetrating the resin layer sandwiched between the substrates, and a liquid crystal filling the holes. The alignment film is a horizontal alignment film for horizontally aligning the liquid crystal molecules. It is characterized by being in contact with the wall surface.

By using this structure, the "holes" in which the liquid crystal is sealed are upper and lower surfaces formed of a horizontal alignment film, and the other surfaces (side surfaces) of the "holes" formed in the resin layer. It consists of walls. Here, the description is made with distinction between “hole” and “hole”. "Hole" is an open shape having an opening, and "hole" is a closed shape having no opening.

According to this structure, the horizontal alignment films forming the upper and lower surfaces of the hole can be formed independently of the resin layer forming the side surfaces of the hole. Therefore, as the horizontal alignment film covering the electrodes, a film having good horizontal alignment characteristics can be freely selected. As a result, as described below, the liquid crystal molecules can be stably and sufficiently aligned in an axially symmetric manner (spiral, concentric, or radial alignment), thereby realizing a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle. be able to.

Here, the wall surface of the hole of the resin layer may be one having a horizontal alignment characteristic or one having a vertical alignment characteristic. It is desirable to select another liquid crystal material corresponding to them. The configuration and operation of each are as follows.

First, when using a material having horizontal alignment characteristics on the wall surface of the hole of the resin layer, it is desirable to use a liquid crystal material to which a chiral agent is added. With this configuration, the liquid crystal molecules are vertically and axially symmetric because all of the upper and lower surfaces and side surfaces are surrounded by surfaces having horizontal alignment characteristics. Orientation. Here, when the chiral agent is added, the rotation of the liquid crystal molecules is facilitated and the rotation angle can be adjusted.

In many cases, the horizontal alignment characteristics of the wall need not be as good as those of the horizontal alignment film. Therefore,
The material of the resin layer is selected from resins having horizontal alignment characteristics.
A desired resin can be selected in consideration of ease of forming holes, display characteristics, aging characteristics, and the like.

Further, the wall surface of the hole of the resin layer may be a wall surface in which the resin layer itself is exposed as described above, or a wall surface having excellent horizontal alignment characteristics by applying a horizontal alignment film to the wall surface. It can also be. This allows
Further, the axisymmetric alignment characteristics can be improved or stabilized.

Second, when a material having a vertical alignment property on the wall surface of the hole of the resin layer is used, a liquid crystal material to which no chiral agent is added is used. By enclosing liquid crystal containing no chiral agent in a hole surrounded by a wall surface having vertical alignment characteristics and a horizontal alignment film, liquid crystal molecules are radially aligned. (A specific example is shown in FIG. 4, but the content will be described later.) In this case, too, the liquid crystal display device has an axially symmetric orientation and a wide viewing angle as in the case described above.

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to realize a structure using the horizontal alignment film having good horizontal alignment characteristics as the resin layers constituting the upper and lower surfaces of the hole. As a result, the liquid crystal in the hole can be stably and sufficiently aligned in an axially symmetric (spiral, concentric or radial) orientation.

The first aspect of the present invention derives the feature that the steps can be simplified as follows. First, a rubbing step is unnecessary because the horizontal alignment film does not require rubbing, and further, a step of dispersing spacers is unnecessary because the resin layer acts as a spacer.

Next, a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to a sixth aspect of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising:
When forming one substrate having an alignment film and an electrode, a step of forming a resin layer on the substrate having the electrode, and a step of forming a plurality of holes in the resin layer and exposing the electrode to the bottom of the hole, Forming an alignment film on the wall and bottom of the hole.

Further, in the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, a step of forming an alignment film on the substrate, a step of forming a resin layer on the alignment film, and forming a plurality of holes in the resin layer are provided. Exposing the alignment film to the bottom of the hole.

According to the former manufacturing method, a hole having good horizontal alignment characteristics can be formed on all wall surfaces (upper and lower surfaces and side surfaces) of the hole, so that a structure extremely suitable for axially symmetric alignment can be realized. . On the other hand, the latter manufacturing method is inferior to the former in the horizontal orientation characteristics of the side surface of the hole (that is, the wall surface of the hole), but is characterized in that the structure and the manufacturing method are simpler than the former.

As described above, by forming one of the substrates by using the manufacturing method according to claim 6 or 7, the liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 can be simply and appropriately manufactured.

[0026]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[First Embodiment] A first embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

In FIG. 1, transparent electrodes 20 and 21 made of ITO are provided on glass substrates 10 and 11, and these transparent electrodes 20 and 21 are covered with alignment films 30 and 31, respectively. The alignment films 30 and 31 are horizontal alignment films made of AL1051 (made by Japan Synthetic Rubber), and have a pretilt angle of about 0.8 °. (It is desirable to use a pretilt angle of 1 ° or less.) In the figure, reference numeral 40 denotes a resin layer having a thickness of 5 μm made of PC302 (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber). As shown in FIG.
It has a square hole of μm.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 40 denotes a resin layer, and reference numeral 50 denotes a liquid crystal sealed in a hole 41 formed in the resin layer 40. This liquid crystal is obtained by adding a chiral agent CM-33 (manufactured by Chisso) to a nematic liquid crystal of FT5017 (manufactured by Merck), and is adjusted by the chiral agent so that liquid crystal molecules are twisted by about 90 °. By twisting the liquid crystal molecules by about 90 ° in this manner,
Contrast can be improved by combination with a polarizing plate (described later) arranged in crossed Nicols. As a liquid crystal material, if the liquid crystal has a positive dielectric anisotropy, FT
Other than 5017 (Merck) can also be used.

The product Δn · d of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal and the thickness d of the liquid crystal (ie, the thickness of the resin layer) is 0.3 to 0.3.
When the thickness is in the range of 0.6 μm, coloring of the display can be prevented, and a bright display having the same luminance as that of the TN type liquid crystal display device can be obtained.

A pair of polarizing plates (not shown) combined in a crossed Nicols state is provided outside the glass substrates 10 and 11 of the liquid crystal panel thus configured to constitute a liquid crystal display device.

This liquid crystal display device is connected to a microscope (polarizing microscope).
As a result, a black cross-shaped schlieren structure (pattern) was observed in the square hole. Moreover, the schlieren structure (pattern) did not change even when the liquid crystal display device was rotated. From this, it is presumed that the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in an axially symmetric (spiral or concentric) shape.

FIG. 3 shows such an alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules. In the figure, reference numeral 50 denotes a liquid crystal sealed in a hole surrounded by a resin hole and a horizontal alignment film (reference numeral 50 in FIGS. 1 and 2).
Liquid crystal corresponding to). In the drawing, reference numerals 51, 52, and 53 denote the orientation states of the liquid crystal layers corresponding to the upper, middle, and lower layers of the liquid crystal 50 sealed in the holes. Upper layer 51 and lower layer 53
In the middle layer 52, it is oriented concentrically.

Also, no matter what voltage is applied, there is a difference in how the liquid crystal molecules rise, but such an axially symmetric alignment is formed and maintained stably. ing.

FIG. 8 shows the viewing angle characteristics of this liquid crystal display device. The horizontal axis and the vertical axis indicate the viewing angles in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, respectively, and the middle part of these axes indicates the viewing angle in the intermediate direction. The curve indicated by the symbol CR10 is a line indicating the viewing angle at which the contrast is 10, and the inner area surrounded by this line is an area having a contrast of 10 or more.

As is clear from this figure, this liquid crystal display device has a characteristic in which the viewing angles in the vertical and horizontal directions are particularly symmetric, and the contrast is 10 or more in the range of ± 70 °. Therefore, it has a much wider viewing angle than a normal TN type liquid crystal display device.

In this embodiment, the horizontal alignment films 30, 31 cover only the surfaces of the transparent electrodes 20, 21 as shown in FIG. Of the hole formed in the hole (that is, the side surface of the hole 41) 4
A configuration that also covers 1 W can be used. Although this configuration is a little complicated in structure, the side surface 41 of the hole 41
Since the horizontal alignment characteristics of W can be further improved, the axially symmetric alignment can be further stabilized. Of course, if the horizontal alignment characteristics of the side surface 41W of the hole 41 are at a predetermined level, it is not necessary to cover this surface with a horizontal alignment film.

In the present embodiment, the rubbing step is unnecessary because the horizontal alignment film does not need to be rubbed, and the resin layer acts as a spacer and the step of dispersing the spacer is not required. It has the characteristic that it can be done.

[Modification of First Embodiment] Instead of the approximately 100 μm square hole of the first embodiment, a diameter of about 100 μm is used.
A liquid crystal display device using a circular hole of m was prototyped.

In this embodiment, as in the case of the first embodiment, a schlieren structure (pattern) indicating that the liquid crystal molecules are oriented axially symmetrically (spiral or concentric) is observed. A wide viewing angle characteristic equivalent to that of was able to be confirmed.

The shape of the hole may be a triangle, a square, a pentagon, etc. [Second Embodiment] A second embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules is different from that of the first embodiment.

In the present embodiment, the glass substrates 10 and 11, the transparent electrodes 20 and 21, and the horizontal alignment films 30 and 31 shown in FIGS. Is composed of a resin having vertical alignment characteristics. The resin having the vertical alignment characteristic is a polyimide resin R
N783 (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries) was used. Further, as a liquid crystal material, a nematic liquid crystal FT50 without adding a chiral agent is used.
17 (Merck) was used.

By configuring such a liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal molecules 62 can be radially aligned as shown in FIG. The display characteristics of this liquid crystal display device are as follows:
This is almost the same as the first embodiment.

[Third Embodiment] A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. (A)-(e) in a figure are figures which show each process.

(A) On a glass substrate 10 on which an ITO transparent electrode (not shown) is formed, a positive photosensitive resin optomer PC302 (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber) 401 is placed at 500 rpm.
m, for 30 seconds, and pre-baked on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 1 minute. OA2 (manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass) was used as the glass substrate.

(B) Using a synthetic quartz mask (manufactured by HOYA) 402 having a square pattern with a side of 100 μm, exposure is performed with 800 mJ / cm ² ultraviolet rays. (C) Thereafter, CD702AD (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd .;
Develop with a developing solution of 2% TMAHaq) for 3 minutes. Then, after washing with pure water for 2 minutes, post-exposure is performed with ultraviolet light of 800 mJ / cm ² . Next, the substrate is left to stand in an oven at 200 ° C. for one hour to perform post-baking, thereby forming a resin layer 40 in which holes are formed. The thickness of the resin layer 40 is 5
μm.

(D) The horizontal alignment film AL is formed so as to cover the glass substrate 10 having the resin layer 40 in which the holes are formed.
1051 (made of Japan Synthetic Rubber, pretilt angle is 0.8 °)
Is spin-coated at 2000 rpm for 30 seconds,
The alignment film 32 is formed by being left in an oven at 180 ° C. for one hour. By this spin coating, the alignment film 32 is formed.
Are formed on all surfaces including the top surface of the resin layer, the side surfaces of the holes, and the surface of the glass substrate corresponding to the bottom surfaces of the holes (the surfaces of the electrodes (not shown) here). Through the above steps, one substrate 10AS including the alignment film 32, the resin layer 40 having holes, and the electrodes is completed.

(E) Next, an alignment film 31 is formed on the surface of the other substrate 11 having only electrodes (not shown) by the same method as the above-described alignment film 32, thereby completing the substrate 11AS. . Then, the completed two substrates 10AS and 11A
S is combined to seal a peripheral portion (not shown). Thus, the liquid crystal panel before the liquid crystal is sealed is completed. A closed hole 50H is formed by the resin layer 40 and the alignment films 31 and 32.
Is formed.

(F) Next, a step of sealing the liquid crystal into the hole 50H of the liquid crystal panel is performed, but this step is not shown. Although the hole 50H is a closed hole, it seems that the liquid crystal cannot be sealed therein. However, this is not the case. The contents will be described below.

In the liquid crystal panel formed in the step (e), the two substrates 10AS and 11AS have a warp and are usually warped outward, so that the top surface of the resin layer 40 and the opposing substrate There is a slight gap from the alignment film, and it is separated from the alignment film. Therefore, in this step, the holes are not closed, but are connected through the gap. Liquid crystal is injected into the liquid crystal panel in this state from an injection port (not shown), and then a pair of glass substrates is pressed from both sides to discharge excess liquid crystal and seal.
As a result, the pair of glass substrates that have been initially warped outward are corrected to be parallel to each other and adhere to each other, and the hole 50H is closed, thereby completing a desired liquid crystal panel.

In the liquid crystal panel manufactured by the method of this embodiment, since the alignment film is also provided on the side wall of the hole, the entire wall surface of the hole is formed of a good horizontal alignment film. Therefore,
By enclosing the liquid crystal material containing the chiral agent in the hole, a state where the liquid crystal molecules are spirally or concentrically aligned can be stably and reliably realized.

[Modification of Third Embodiment] A modification of the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 (a),
FIGS. 5B and 5C show the process of the third embodiment.
This corresponds to (d), and is the same as the steps up to (d) of the third embodiment, and the substrate 10AS shown in FIG.
(Glass substrate 10 provided with horizontal alignment film 32 and resin layer 40 having holes) is formed.

Further, a substrate 10bAS having the same configuration as the substrate 10AS is prepared, and these two substrates 10AS, 1
ObAS is combined as shown in FIG. 6C to seal a peripheral portion (not shown). The step of enclosing the liquid crystal in the empty liquid crystal panel (having no liquid crystal encapsulated therein) thus configured is the same as the step (f) of the third embodiment.

Here, the difference from the third embodiment is that the first embodiment
The thickness of the resin layer 40 is 2.5 μm in this embodiment.
(１ ／ of the third embodiment). A second different point is that two glass substrates having the resin layers 40 and 40b are combined. This allows
The shape of the hole 50H is the same as that of the third embodiment.

This modification is advantageous in that the pitch of the holes can be reduced because the thickness of the resin layer 40 can be reduced. It is superior to the third embodiment in two points that it can be excellent. (On the other hand, the third embodiment has a feature that the structure is simpler.) [Fourth Embodiment] Another manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is shown in FIG. It will be described with reference to FIG. (A)-(c) in a figure are figures which show each process.

(A) An alignment film 30 is formed on the surface of a glass substrate 10 having electrodes (not shown) by the same method as in the step of the third embodiment (d), thereby completing the substrate 10AS.

(B) A resin layer 40 having holes is formed on the glass substrate 10 provided with the alignment film 30 by the same method as in the steps (a) to (c) of the third embodiment. In this step, the substrate 10AS including the resin layer 40 having the holes and the alignment film 30 is completed.

(C) The other substrate 11AS having the alignment film 31 is prepared by the same process as in the above (a), and these two substrates 10AS and 11AS are combined as shown in FIG. A part (not shown) is sealed. The step of enclosing the liquid crystal in the empty (not enclosing the liquid crystal) liquid crystal panel thus configured is performed in the step (f) of the third embodiment.
Is the same as

This embodiment has a feature that the structure and the manufacturing method are simpler than those of the third embodiment because the structure is such that the alignment film is not applied to the side surface of the hole. When this resin layer is formed of a resin having horizontal alignment characteristics, the horizontal alignment characteristics of the wall surfaces of the holes are inferior to those of the third embodiment, but a liquid crystal panel in which liquid crystals are spirally or concentrically aligned. For this reason, this configuration is often sufficient.

When this resin layer is formed of a resin having vertical alignment characteristics, a liquid crystal to which a chiral agent is not added is sealed as a liquid crystal material. The liquid crystal can have a radially axisymmetric alignment. The display characteristics in this case are almost the same as those of the third embodiment, but the liquid crystal material can be made inexpensive by adding no chiral agent.

[0060]

According to the invention as set forth in claims 1 to 5, in a liquid crystal display device having a structure in which liquid crystal is sealed in a hole surrounded by a resin, a good horizontal alignment characteristic is used as a resin layer covering electrodes. A structure using a horizontal alignment film having the following can be realized. Therefore, it is possible to stably and reliably orient the liquid crystal sealed in the hole in an axially symmetrical manner (a spiral shape, a concentric shape, or a radial shape), thereby realizing a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle.

According to the sixth and seventh aspects of the present invention, the above-mentioned liquid crystal display device can be easily and appropriately manufactured.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an alignment state of a liquid crystal according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a third embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a modification of the third embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a fourth embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing viewing angle characteristics of a liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing a conventional liquid crystal display device in which liquid crystal is sealed in a hole surrounded by resin.

10 is a plan view showing an alignment state of liquid crystal of the liquid crystal display device of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10, 11, 10b Glass substrate 10AS, 11AS, 10bAS substrate 20, 21, Transparent electrode 30, 31, Alignment film, Horizontal alignment film 32, 32b Alignment film 40, 40b Resin layer 41 Hole 41W Wall surface, Side surface 41U, 41D Surface 50 Liquid crystal 50H Hole 51 Upper layer 52 Middle layer 53 Lower layer 401 Resin 402 Mask

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. An alignment film disposed on inner surfaces of a pair of substrates arranged opposite to each other, a plurality of holes penetrating a resin layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and the holes are filled. A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal, wherein the alignment film is a horizontal alignment film for horizontally aligning liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal is in contact with the horizontal alignment film and a wall surface of the hole. Characteristic liquid crystal display device. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a wall surface of the hole is covered with a horizontal alignment film. 3. The horizontal alignment film has a pretilt angle of 1 °.
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the value is less than. 4. The liquid crystal has a refractive index anisotropy Δn and a thickness d.
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the product Δn · d is in the range of 0.3 to 0.6 μm. 5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal is a nematic liquid crystal to which a chiral agent is added, and the liquid crystal is twisted by 90 ° in a gap between the pair of substrates. 6. forming a resin layer on a substrate having electrodes when forming one of the pair of substrates including the resin layer having the plurality of holes and the alignment film; A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising: forming a plurality of holes in the resin layer, exposing a bottom of the holes; and forming an alignment film on the wall surface and the bottom of the holes. 7. When forming one of the pair of substrates including the resin layer having the plurality of holes and the alignment film, forming an alignment film on the substrate; A method of forming a resin layer thereon, and a step of forming a plurality of holes in the resin layer and exposing the alignment film at the bottom of the holes.