JPH0990310A - Reflection type liquid crystal display element and its application device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a liquid crystal projector having high efficiency. SOLUTION: An electro-optical function layer contg. liquid crystals 18 held between a light incident side translucent substrate 6 having transparent electrodes 7 and a light reflective substrate 5 provided with pixel electrodes 8. First condenser means 1 are arranged in the positions of the light incident side translucent substrate where the substrate does not come into contact with the electro-optical function layer and further, second condenser means 2 are arranged between the light incident side translucent substrate 6 and the electro- optical function layer in correspondence to the pixel electrodes 8.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a reflection type liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a reflection type liquid crystal display device using a transmission / scattering type liquid crystal display device and an application device such as a projection type liquid crystal display device using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there have been many electro-optical materials which produce a light modulation effect in response to the application of a voltage and have been used as display elements. Such a display element is roughly classified into a light-absorption element and a light-scattering element according to its optical function. An example of the former is a TN type liquid crystal display element (TN-LCD) using a polarizing plate. As the latter, a dynamic scattering type liquid crystal display element (DSM-LC
D) and display elements in which a minute dipole responsive to an electromagnetic field is sandwiched between electrodes are already known.

This light-scattering type display element obtains a display function by modulating light using scattering and non-scattering (transmission) of light in the functional layer. As this new light scattering type liquid crystal display element,
A liquid crystal display device (hereinafter referred to as LCPC-LCD) provided with a liquid crystal / resin composite having various characteristics or a liquid crystal / polymer composite (liquid crystal polymer composite, hereinafter referred to as LCPC) has been proposed.

In its basic structure, a liquid crystal phase in which a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy is dispersed and held in a solidified material such as a resin obtained by curing a polymer is sandwiched between substrates with electrodes. Then, for example, the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal refractive index of the resin phase (n _P) is used (n _0), the extraordinary refractive index (n
_e ) Match any of the above. The liquid crystal molecules in the LCPC layer are controlled by an electric field by turning on and off an applied voltage between both electrodes to obtain an optically transparent state (light transmission) and a light shielding state (light scattering).

In such a light scattering type display element,
By using a reflection type configuration with a light reflection layer on one side,
Since light travels back and forth through the scattering liquid crystal layer, the scattering ability can be dramatically improved with the same driving voltage as compared with the transmissive structure.
As a result, it is possible to improve the contrast ratio or brightness of the projected image in the projection type display device using the Schlieren optical system described later.

Further, in an active matrix drive transmissive TN-LCD using a polarizing plate, a microlens array is formed on the substrate of the liquid crystal display element on the light incident side for each pixel to condense the incident light on the aperture of the pixel. However, measures have been taken to improve the brightness of the projected image of the projection type liquid crystal display device by improving the substantial panel transmittance.

Further, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-249458, LC
Regarding the reflection type structure of a PC-LCD, an example using a dielectric multilayer film mirror as the reflection layer is described. Further, a configuration is described in which a microlens array is arranged on the light incident side transparent substrate side and the incident light is condensed on the pixel electrode portion.

A sectional view of the structure is shown in FIG. Antireflection film 143, microlens 107, adhesive layer 108, front electrode substrate 141, LCPC layer 144, transparent electrode 142,
A reflective film 147, a back electrode 146, a back electrode substrate 145 and the like are provided. When the incident light incident at the incident angle θ _X has high directivity and is parallel light, the condensing action as shown in the figure can be obtained, but the light incident side translucent substrate thickness d _X is the pixel. When it is sufficiently larger than the pitch a _x or when the incident parallel light has a large dispersion angle, the light condensed and reflected by the microlens 107 on the reflective pixel electrode is not effectively condensed by the adjacent microlens and has sufficient brightness. There was a problem that was difficult to obtain.

A transmissive TN in which a microlens array is formed corresponding to the RGB three-color light source and the RGB pixels.
-A projection type color liquid crystal display device having high light utilization efficiency and high color purity using a single-panel monochrome liquid crystal display element in which a color filter is not formed by using an LCD is disclosed in JP-A-3-56922 or JP-A-4-60538. Has been described.

As a method of forming a color projection image using an LCPC-LCD, light emitted from a white light source is color-separated into RGB using a dichroic mirror, and then R
A three-panel system in which a video signal corresponding to each color of GB is incident on three liquid crystal display elements and transmitted light is color-synthesized by using a dichroic mirror, and then a color image is generated on a screen by a projection lens. There is a single plate method in which an RGB color filter is formed for each pixel of a single liquid crystal display element, and RGB color image signals are divided and applied.

A system configuration of a basic optical system in a projection type display device using a transmission / scattering type display element will be described. A Schlieren optical system is generally used to display a projected image with a high contrast ratio. The construction is, for example, by DeWey et al., Proceeding of SID Vol. 18/2 Vol.
~ 146 ("Proceedings of SID vol.18 / 2, 1977
pages 135-146 (AGDewey) ").
The basics of the Schlieren optical system are to form a conjugate image of a light emission source in a light source optical system or a secondary radiation light source on the projection optical system side via a transmission / scattering type display element, and to output the emitted light by the transmission / scattering type display element. A component whose azimuth has changed with respect to the azimuth of incident light and a component whose azimuth has not changed are distinguished, and either one is projected on a screen or the like.

In a transmission / scattering type display element that does not use the diffractive effect of light, it is necessary to project a light component whose incident light direction does not change (for example, light that has passed through the LCD in a transparent state). It is preferable in terms of improving the light utilization efficiency as a whole and achieving a high contrast ratio.

Therefore, the light source in the light source optical system,
Alternatively, a diaphragm having an opening with the same shape as the conjugate image of the secondary radiation source is placed at the position where the conjugate image of the secondary radiation source is formed, and the transmission and scattering type display element blocks the light component whose incident light direction has changed. It is preferable to provide such a configuration in the projection optical system.

In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-165330, a light source, an elliptical mirror, and a first diaphragm are provided as a light source optical system, and the light source is located near the first focal point of the elliptic mirror and the second focal point of the elliptic mirror is located near the second focal point. A first diaphragm is arranged, and a condenser lens is provided at either the front or the rear of the liquid crystal display element in the optical path from the light source optical system to the projection optical system, or both positions before and after the liquid crystal display element. The emitted divergent light is condensed to form an image conjugate with the first diaphragm at approximately the pupil position of the projection optical system, and a second diaphragm is provided in the vicinity of the image plane, and the second diaphragm is provided. The projection type display device is described in which the aperture shape of the diaphragm is formed so as to substantially match the conjugate image of the first diaphragm.

Furthermore, by making the opening areas of the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm variable, the brightness and contrast ratio of the projected image can be adjusted according to the surrounding brightness. Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-175129 discloses an invention in which a prism is used in a light source system to generate a highly efficient light source beam.

Finally, as an optical system of a projection type display device using a transmission / scattering type display element, a light source light is divided into a plurality of light beams to obtain a good optical effect (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-21).
The invention described in (0165) will be described. Its characteristic is that the light source is split into at least two light fluxes by the split aperture, then made incident on the LCD, and then combined with the diaphragm which is another optical element to obtain a bright and high contrast ratio projected image. .

Further, the shape of the aperture of the aperture is a non-circular rectangle, an ellipse (a composite shape of a semicircle + a rectangle + a semicircle),
As an ellipse or the like, the luminous flux is further effectively used. In the present invention, since the divided aperture can function as a new secondary light source, it is possible to improve the directivity of light.

[0018]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device having a pixel electrode in which an electro-optical functional layer containing liquid crystal is sandwiched between a light-incident-side translucent substrate and a light-reflecting substrate. The first light collecting means is provided at a position corresponding to the pixel electrode and not in contact with the electro-optical functional layer of the light incident side light transmitting substrate, and further includes the light incident side light transmitting substrate or the light reflecting substrate. There is provided a reflective liquid crystal display element, characterized in that the second light converging means is disposed between any one of the above and the electro-optical functional layer.
This is called the first invention.

In particular, it is preferable that the second light collecting means is formed at a position relatively closer to the electro-optical functional layer than the first light collecting means. Then, the second light collecting means and the first light collecting means form a pair for each image forming unit. That is,
The first light-collecting means is formed on the light-incident side surface of the light-incident side substrate, while the second light-collecting means is adjacent to the electro-optical functional layer of the light-incident side substrate or the light-reflecting side substrate. Are preferably formed.

For example, the thickness of the light incident side substrate is 0.5 to 2
In mm, the first light-collecting means and the electro-optical functional layer are separated by a distance of about this thickness, while the second light-collecting means and the electro-optical functional layer are separated by a transparent electrode layer or an overcoat. It is preferable that they are arranged or directly in contact with each other through a film having a thickness of several μm or less such as a layer or a reflective film. Further, from the viewpoint of stability during manufacturing, it is preferable that the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means are integrally formed on both surfaces of the light incident side substrate.

Further, in the first invention, the focal length f ₁ of the _first light-collecting means and the focal length f _{2 of the second} light-collecting means.
Are substantially equal to each other, and a distance t between principal points of the _first light-collecting means and the second light-collecting means is substantially equal to focal lengths f ₁ and f _2. provide. This is called the second invention.

In the first or second invention, the first
The condensing means and the second condensing means are microlens arrays to provide a reflective liquid crystal display device. This is called the third invention.

In the first or second invention, the first
The condensing means is a microlens array, and the second condensing means is a microcondensing mirror array, which provides a reflective liquid crystal display element. This is called the fourth invention.

Further, in any one of the first to fourth inventions, the first light-collecting means and the second light-collecting means are cylindrical light-collecting elements having a lenticular structure. A reflective liquid crystal display device having the characteristics is provided. This is called the fifth invention.

Further, in any one of the above-mentioned first to fifth inventions, fine irregularities are formed on a surface of the light-incident-side translucent substrate on which the transparent electrode is formed. A reflective liquid crystal display device is provided. This is called the sixth invention.

The reflective liquid crystal display device according to any one of the first to sixth inventions, a light source optical system, and a projection optical system are provided, and the light source light emitted from the light source optical system is reflected. Provided is a projection type liquid crystal display device, which is made to pass through a liquid crystal display element and then projected onto a screen from a projection optical system. This is called the seventh invention.

In the seventh invention, the reflection type liquid crystal display element has a transmission / scattering type operation mode, and the light source optical system, the liquid crystal display element and the projection optical system are arranged so as to form a Schlieren optical system. A projection type display device is provided. This is called the eighth invention.

Further, the reflection type liquid crystal display element of the first invention, a light source optical system and a projection optical system are provided, and the light source light emitted from the light source optical system is passed through the reflection type liquid crystal display element, and thereafter. In the projection type liquid crystal display device in which the projection optical system projects the light onto the screen, the first and second light collecting means and the second light collecting means of the reflective liquid crystal display element are cylindrical lenticular light collecting elements. The parallel arrangement azimuth axis of the lenticular structure that does not have a condensing effect is defined as Y
If the X axis is the axis perpendicular to the parallel arrangement azimuth axis of the lenticular structure having the light condensing action, the optical axis A of the incident light to the reflective liquid crystal display element and the light reflected by the reflective surface of the liquid crystal display element will be described. The light source optical system and the reflective liquid crystal display element are arranged such that the optical axis B of the emitted light forms an angle 2γ = 2 to 40 ° with each other, and the plane defined by the optical axis A and the optical axis B is the Y axis. There is provided a projection type liquid crystal display device characterized in that the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means are arranged so as to be in parallel with. This is called the ninth invention.

Further, in any one of the seventh to ninth inventions, the light source optical system is provided with a light source 11, an elliptic mirror 12 and a first diaphragm 17, and the elliptic mirror 12 is near the position of the first focal point. A light source 11 and an elliptic mirror 12 are provided with a first diaphragm 17 in the vicinity of the position of the second focus, and light is condensed on the light incident side and the light emitting side of the liquid crystal display element 15 in the optical path from the light source optical system to the projection optical system. A lens 13 is provided, the divergent light emitted from the first diaphragm 17 is condensed, and an image conjugate with the first diaphragm 17 is formed near the pupil position of the projection optical system. There is provided a projection type liquid crystal display device characterized in that a second diaphragm 18 whose opening shape substantially matches the conjugate image of the first diaphragm 17 is provided in the vicinity. This is called the tenth invention.

Further, the projection type liquid crystal display device of the ninth invention is provided, and the light source optical system has an optical axis AR.multidot.A of each color light of RGB.
A pixel of a liquid crystal display element is a three-color light source in which G and AB are provided in the same plane, and adjacent optical axes AR, AG, and AB all make an angle of α = 1 to 12 °. A color image electrical signal corresponding to each color of RGB is applied for each R, and R corresponding to one pixel of the color composite image of RGB is applied.
First having a pair of lenticular structures for every 3 pixels of GB
Light condensing means and the second light condensing means are arranged so as to correspond to each other, and the light source images of the RGB three color light sources generated by the light source optical system are paired with the first light condensing means and the second light condensing means. Is arranged so as to correspond to each color of each RGB pixel of the liquid crystal display element by the light condensing means, and the RGB three-color light source image of the light source optical system is formed in the optical path after passing through the liquid crystal display element by the imaging element. In addition, a filter in which three types of spectral filters that define RGB colors are spatially arranged corresponding to the three-color light source image is provided, and the RGB color lights correspond to the RGB colors of the liquid crystal display element. Provided is a projection type color liquid crystal display device, which is characterized in that a video image signal is modulated for each pixel and a color image is projected and displayed. This is the first
1 invention.

In the eleventh aspect of the invention, the light source optical system is provided with a light source 11, an elliptic mirror 12 and a first diaphragm 17, and the light source 11 and the elliptic mirror 12 are located near the position of the first focal point of the elliptic mirror 12. The first diaphragm 17 is arranged near the position of the second focal point 12 and the first filter 14 is further arranged near the first diaphragm 17 to function as a spectral filter that defines each color of RGB. The filter 14 is provided so as to overlap with the opening of the first diaphragm 17 so as to be configured as a three-color light source, and the light path on the reflection-type liquid crystal display element 20 in the optical path from the light source optical system to the projection optical system and the light emission. The condenser lens 9 is provided on the side of the first diaphragm 17 and the divergent light emitted from the first diaphragm 17 is condensed to the first diaphragm 17 and the first filter 14.
An image of a three-color light source which is conjugate with is formed near the pupil position of the projection optical system, and the second diaphragm 18 and the second diaphragm 18 are provided near the image plane.
15 is provided, and the spectral aperture filter of the second filter 15 is formed so that the aperture shape of the second diaphragm 18 substantially coincides with the conjugate image of the first diaphragm 17 and defines the RGB colors of the second filter 15. Is the first filter 14
The present invention provides a projection type color liquid crystal display device, which is formed so as to substantially match the conjugate image of. This is the first
2 invention.

In the eleventh aspect of the invention, the light source optical system is provided with a light source 11, an elliptic mirror 12 and a first diaphragm 17, and the light source 11 and the elliptic mirror 12 are located near the position of the first focal point of the elliptic mirror 12. The first diaphragm 17 is arranged in the vicinity of the position of the second focal point 12 and RGB having angles with each other in the XZ axis plane.
A three-color light source system is configured by providing three types of dichroic mirrors 16 for separating three colors in the vicinity of the first diaphragm 17 so as to overlap with the opening of the first diaphragm 17. Reflection type liquid crystal display element 2 of optical path leading to system
A condenser lens 9 is provided on the light incident side and the light emitting side of 0,
An image conjugate with the three-color light source image corresponding to the opening of the RGB first diaphragm 17 formed by the first diaphragm 17 and the dichroic mirror 16 by converging the divergent light emitted from the first diaphragm 17. Is imaged in the vicinity of the pupil position of the projection optical system, and the second diaphragm 18 and the second filter 1 are provided in the vicinity of the image plane.
5 is provided, and the aperture shape of the second diaphragm 18 is 3
It is formed so as to substantially match the conjugate image of the color light source image, and the arrangement of the spectral filter that defines each color of RGB of the second filter 15 is formed so as to substantially match the conjugate image of the three color light source image. A projection type color liquid crystal display device is provided. This is called the 13th invention.

In the twelfth or thirteenth invention,
In the light source optical system, an ellipsoidal mirror 12 and a light source 11 are arranged in the vicinity of a first focus thereof, and a cone 13 is arranged in the vicinity of a second focus thereof, and the cone 13 is a light-transmitting cone-shaped prism. Therefore, the apex angle α p of the conical surface of the conical prism is 90 to 1
75 ° convex pyramidal prism, or apex angle βp is 185-
Provided is a projection type color liquid crystal display device which is a 270 ° concave pyramidal prism. This is called the 14th invention.

Examples of the basic structure of the reflection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention are shown in FIGS. First, the traveling / reverse direction of light (almost the optical axis direction) is the Z-axis, and the direction of one side of the liquid crystal display element is X-axis.
Axis or Y axis (including the case where the X axis and the Y axis are interchangeable),
That is, the plane direction of the liquid crystal display element is described as an XY plane. The description will be given below.

A first configuration example is shown in FIG. 1 (perspective view of substrate arrangement) and FIG. 2 (cross-sectional view). Both the first light-collecting means 1 and the second light-collecting means 2 are formed on both surfaces of the light-incident-side light-transmitting substrate 6, and cylindrical lenses are arranged in a lenticular structure (lens-shaped lenses are arranged in parallel). It has been described as a form). Here, the transparent electrodes 7 and 8 are formed on the surface which is in contact with or close to the electro-optical functional layer 4 (not shown in FIG. 1) whose main component is liquid crystal.

The light reflective substrate 5 has a pixel electrode 8 formed on the reflective layer 3. In such a structure, high reflectance and flatness can be easily obtained by using as the reflective layer 3 a dielectric multilayer mirror formed by alternately laminating a high refractive index dielectric film and a low refractive index dielectric film. . At this time, a transparent electrode is used as the pixel electrode 8. On the other hand, the functions of the reflective layer and the pixel electrode may be integrated to form a metal electrode. In this case, the reflective layer 3 shown in FIG. 2 is not necessary, and a high reflectance metal film such as Al or Ag may be patterned and used as the pixel electrode 8.

In FIG. 1, the electro-optical functional layer 4 is arranged between the light incident side light-transmissive substrate 6 and the light reflective substrate 5 as shown in FIG. In order to show the positional relationship among the light collecting means, the second light collecting means, and the pixel electrode 8, they are omitted in this figure. For the same reason, illustration of the electro-optical functional layer is omitted also in FIGS. 3, 5, 7, 9, 27, 29, and 32 described later. In addition, the description of the components common to each drawing is omitted.

In a liquid crystal display device, a simple matrix electrode is used as a method of applying a video electric signal to a pixel electrode, a passive drive method in which liquid crystal is operated by static drive or multiplex drive, and an active device is formed for each pixel electrode to form a pixel. There is an active drive method in which a switching operation is performed every time. Although any method may be used in the present invention, in FIGS. 1 to 11, an active matrix substrate in which an active element is formed for each pixel electrode and an opposite substrate in which an electrode is formed on the entire display surface as an opposite electrode The case of being configured is described.

There are various methods for forming a microlens array, and if a translucent material having a refractive index larger than that of the light-incident-side translucent substrate 6 is formed into a semi-cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. It becomes a lenticular lens array having.
Further, a gradient index lens may be formed by selective ion diffusion. Further, a convex lens shape may be provided at the interface in contact with air. Further, when the thickness of the convex portion becomes a problem in the spherical lens or the semi-cylindrical lens, the thickness can be reduced by adopting the Fresnel lens structure as shown in FIG.

A second configuration example is shown in FIG. 3 (perspective view of substrate arrangement),
It is shown in FIG. 4 (cross-sectional view). In this case, the first light-collecting means 1 and the second light-collecting means 2 are separately formed on the two light-incident-side light-transmissive substrates 6 and 61, and are joined by an optical adhesive 62 or the like. To use.

A third configuration example is shown in FIG. 5 (perspective view of substrate arrangement),
It is shown in FIG. 6 (cross-sectional view). In this case, the second light collecting means 2 serves as the reflecting layer 37 which also serves as the flat electrode of the light reflecting substrate 5.
And the pixel electrode is formed on the light incident side transparent substrate 6, and the front light incident side transparent substrate 61 and the rear light incident side transparent substrate on which the first light collecting means 1 are formed. The substrate 63 and the substrate 63 are joined and used integrally. At this time, in order for the second light-collecting means 2 to exhibit a light-collecting action, it is necessary that the materials forming the electro-optical functional layer 4 and the second light-collecting means 2 have different refractive indexes. Also, by using a high reflectance metal film such as Al or Ag as a light reflecting layer, it also functions as a reflecting electrode.
A transparent electrode film may be laminated on the dielectric multilayer film mirror to serve as a reflective electrode.

A fourth configuration example is shown in FIG. 7 (perspective view of substrate arrangement),
This is shown in FIG. In this case, a lenticular cylindrical condensing mirror array is used as the second condensing means 2. As shown in FIG. 8, the condenser mirror is X-
A cylindrical mirror whose Z-axis cross section is an arc is used, and
Function as both an electrode and a reflective layer. 7 and 8
The structure of the reflective electrode 37 is the same as that of the reflective electrode 37 in FIG. 6, but the reflective electrode is not formed on the flat surface but on the surface functioning as a condenser mirror.

In FIGS. 1 to 8 described above, the first and second light collecting means both have a cylindrical lenticular structure (lens-shaped lens) having a light collecting function only in one axial direction. Alternatively, the case where the condenser mirrors are arranged in parallel is shown, but a microlens array or a micro condenser mirror array may be formed for each pixel.

A fifth configuration example is shown in FIG. 9 (perspective view of substrate arrangement),
FIG. 10 (XZ axis sectional view), FIG. 11 (YZ axis sectional view)
Shown in In this case, the first light-collecting means 1 and the second light-collecting means 2 are lens arrays formed for each pixel. FIG. 10 looks similar to FIG. 2, but is actually Y-
The structure is different in the Z section. As shown in FIG. 11, when used in combination with a transmissive / scattering type liquid crystal display element, the first light converging means is displaced by a half pixel in the Y-axis direction with respect to the second light converging means and the pixel. Preferably.

In the case of a TN-LCD or STN-LCD which uses linearly polarized light as incident light and projected light, the first microlens array 1, the second microlens array 2 and the pixel electrode 8 are arranged on the same axis. Are preferably aligned and used on the same axis. The arrangement operation will be described later.

As the electro-optical functional layer containing liquid crystal as a main component, the above-mentioned LCPC or the like is used in addition to general TN-LCD, STN-LCD, ferroelectric liquid crystal and the like.
In the LCPC, the transparent state and the scattering state change with the application of a voltage, and the projection display using the schlieren optical system enables the contrast display.
Compared to N-LCD and STN-LCD, since there is no polarizing plate, a relatively bright display can be obtained.

When the light collecting means is formed for each pixel, the pixel arrangement may be either a delta arrangement or a lattice arrangement, but in the case of the lenticular structure light collecting means, it is arranged along the parallel arrangement axis of the lenticular structure. The pixels are arranged in a grid.

[0048]

Next, the operation of the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means or the progress of light in the reflection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention shown in FIGS. This will be described with reference to FIG.

The relationship between the first light collecting means, the second light collecting means, and the pixel electrode corresponding to the respective configuration examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is shown in FIG. 12 as an XZ axis plane view. , YZ sectional view is shown in FIG. The figure shows a cross section having a condensing action when the microlens array is used as the condensing means.

The focal length f ₁ of the _first light collecting means (microlens) ₁ and the second light collecting means (microlens) 2
The focal lengths f ₂ are substantially equal to each other, and the distance t between the principal points is substantially equal to the focal length f ₁ = f ₂ .
Since the electro-optical functional layer 4 generally has a thickness of about several μm to several tens of μm, it is sufficiently thinner than the light incident side transparent substrate having a thickness of about 0.2 to 2 mm. Therefore, the focal length t of the first light condensing means 1 and the second light condensing means 2 in FIGS. 1 to 6 may be considered as the plate thickness of the light incident side translucent substrate.

The pitch of the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means is made equal to the pixel pitch. Pixel electrode 8
Is a. When the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means have a cylindrical lenticular structure, as shown in FIG. 12, the pitch of the lenticular structure is set to the pixel in the XZ axis plane having the light collecting effect. Pitch b
Should be equal to

In the reflection type liquid crystal display device having such a structure, X
Parallel beam having a dispersion angle theta _X in the -Z-axis plane (A1,
A2, A3 luminous flux, B1, B2, B3 luminous flux, C1, C
FIG. 12 shows the locus of light rays when a light flux of 2, C3) is incident along the Z axis. When the electro-optical functional layer 4 is in the transparent state, the incident light is condensed by the first condensing means on the area of the pixel electrode 8 having the length a on the paper surface, and by the second condensing means. The light reflected by the reflective layer 3 is condensed and returned to the same first condensing means as the incident light.

In the conventional structure having only the first light-collecting means, when the incident light is not a perfect parallel light and the directivity is poor, the light reflected by the reflecting layer 3 is not collected and is adjacent to the first light-collecting means. 1
The light collecting efficiency is lowered as a result of being mixed into the light collecting means, but by using the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means in combination, Since the incident light and the emitted light are symmetrically arranged, the same projection optics as in the case where the first condensing means and the second condensing means for non-scattered light are not provided. The system can be applied.

The dispersion angle θx of the incident parallel light in the XZ axis plane and the plate thickness of the light incident side transparent substrate 6, that is, the focal length t of the first light converging means and the second light converging means. And the condensing width w at the pixel electrode position is described by the following equation (1).

[0055]

## EQU00001 ## w = t.times.tan (.theta.x) .................... (1).

However, the dispersion angle θx in the equation (1) represents the angle inside the element, and the dispersion angle (θx ′) outside the element is sin (θx ′) = n · sin (θx) according to Snell's refraction law. Be related. In the following description, the difference between θx 'and θx is not specified, and all are described as θx, but the incident angles inside and outside the element actually differ according to Snell's law.

From the equation (1), the smaller the dispersion angle θx and the plate thickness t, the more the light can be condensed in the smaller region w. When the effective pixel display length in the X-axis direction is a, it is preferable to satisfy the relationship that w is equal to or less than the length a of the pixel electrode. When the ratio of the actual light transmitting portion per pixel (aperture ratio) of the liquid crystal display element driven by the active matrix is about 40%, w / b is 63% or less by using the first light collecting means. In order to improve the effective pixel aperture ratio, it is preferable to set the directivity of the incident light and the plate thickness t of the light-incident-side transparent substrate (6).

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, the first and second light collecting means and the second light collecting means in the first to fourth constitutional examples serve to collect light only in the XZ axis plane. In the case of the lenticular structure having, the incident light is normally reflected by the reflection layer 3 and emitted in the YZ axis plane as shown in FIG. 13, which is the same as the case where there is no condensing means.

On the other hand, in the case where the first light condensing means and the second light condensing means are microlens arrays having an isotropic light converging function in the optical axis direction, the optical axis of the incident light is parallel to the Z axis. When is X-Z
The same ray locus as in FIG. 12 is obtained on the YZ axis plane orthogonal to the axis. When the optical axis of the incident light is arranged to be tilted with respect to the Z axis, the microlens array of the first light-collecting means is arranged as the microlens array of the second light-collecting means as shown in FIG. It is preferable to displace the reflective pixel electrode by half a pixel.

By properly selecting the inclination angle γ of the incident light and the distance t between the principal points of the first light-collecting means and the second light-collecting means in such an arrangement, as shown in FIG. First
The light incident from the light condensing means (microlens) 1 is reflected and is condensed on the adjacent first light condensing means (microlens) 1 to be emitted. In FIG. 14, the luminous flux (a1,
a2, a3), luminous flux (b1, b2, b3), luminous flux (c
1, c2, c3) are incident, reflected by the reflection layer 3 and emitted from the optical path. At this time, the dispersion angle of each luminous flux is θy
It shows with.

FIG. 15 shows a form in which the plano-convex lens in the configuration shown in FIG. 12 is replaced with a Fresnel lens as the second light converging means. Others are the same as those in FIG.

FIG. 16 shows an optical path when the condenser mirror shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is used as the second condenser means. The second condensing means shown here is a case of a lenticular structure of a cylindrical mirror, but the microlens array is the first condensing means and the micro spherical mirror array is the second condensing means for each pixel. It may be formed as. In FIG. 16, the condenser mirror in the XZ axis plane is substantially circular, and its radius of curvature r is substantially equal to the plate thickness t of the translucent substrate 6. With such a configuration, the same operation as that of the second light-collecting means shown in FIG. 12 can be obtained.

When the condensing mirror of the second condensing means is a spherical mirror which has an isotropic converging function in the optical axis direction, FIG. 16 (incident angle) on the YZ axis plane orthogonal to the XZ axis plane. = 0 °) or the same ray locus as in FIG. 14 (incident angle> 0 °).

Next, a projection type liquid crystal display device using the reflection type liquid crystal display element of the present invention will be described. Both are X-
The case where the first light condensing means and the second light condensing means have a light condensing function in the Z-axis plane and no light converging function in the YZ axis plane is shown.

The first example is the dispersion angle θx in the XZ axis plane,
FIG. 17 is a sectional view taken along the line X-Z and FIG. 18 is a sectional view taken along the line YZ when a substantially parallel light beam having a dispersion angle θy in the YZ-axis plane is incident on the reflective liquid crystal display device 10. . In the XZ-axis sectional view of FIG. 17, the light incident on the reflective liquid crystal display element is emitted at the same angle as the incident angle, but in the YZ-axis sectional view of FIG. 18, the incident angle γ is incident on the reflective liquid crystal display element 10. The light incident at is reflected normally and is emitted.

In the second example, the divergent light having the dispersion angles θx and θy is condensed by the convex lens 9 and becomes substantially parallel light, which is incident on the reflective liquid crystal display element, and the outgoing light reflected by the reflective surface is the same convex lens. FIG. 19 shows a cross-sectional view along the X-Z axis and FIG. 20 shows a cross-sectional view along the Y-Z axis in the case of converging light by 9. AX, BX
Is the optical axis. Reference numeral 17 indicates a first aperture stop, and reference numeral 18 indicates a second aperture stop. Further, Hy and Hy 'indicate the size of the opening in the Y direction.

In the third example, substantially parallel light beams having divergence angles θx and θy are reflected by the polarization beam splitter 43 for the visible wavelength region only into the S-polarized component, which is then incident on the reflection type liquid crystal display element 10 and reflected by the reflection surface. In addition, in the case where only the P-polarized light component generated by reciprocating the electro-optical function layer passes through the same polarization beam splitter 43, X in FIG.
A -Z axis sectional view is shown in FIG. 22, and a YZ axis sectional view is shown in FIG.

The first and second examples are used when the incident light and the projected light are randomly polarized and the electro-optical material used for the electro-optical functional layer is a transmission-scattering type material whose scattering degree changes in response to voltage application. The third example is a configuration used when the incident light / projected light is linearly polarized light and the electro-optical material is a liquid crystal material whose birefringence changes according to an electric field.
In particular, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 20, when the optical axis of the incident light and the optical axis of the emitted light form an angle with respect to the reflective layer of the reflective liquid crystal display element 10, the first light condensing unit is provided. And the second light collecting means has a lenticular structure that does not collect light in the X-Y axis plane, or has a structure that also collects light in the XY axis plane, the first light collecting performance. The means is a half pixel (0.5 × b) in the X-axis direction with respect to the second light collecting means.
It is preferable that the structure has a parallel translation.

In the first to third examples, although not shown, the incident light on the reflective liquid crystal display element is the light emitted from a white light source such as a metal halide lamp, a halogen lamp, a xenon lamp, an elliptic mirror, It is formed by condensing with a converging mirror such as a parabolic mirror or a spherical mirror, or a lens.

The light emitted from the reflective liquid crystal display element is projected and imaged on a screen or the like by using an imaging optical element such as a projection lens. Although only a single reflection type liquid crystal display element is shown in FIGS. 17 to 22, the incident light is converted into RGB by using a dichroic mirror or a dichroic prism.
After color separation into the three colors, a reflective liquid crystal display element may be installed for each RGB, and the reflected RGB emitted light may be combined again by the color combining system and then guided to the projection lens.

Next, the light-collecting length w in the X-Z axis plane expressed by the equation (1) is equal to or less than the display pixel length b (effective unit length of pixel), and more preferably display. A description will be given of a light source optical system that generates the dispersion angles θx and θy of incident light so that the length a of the pixel electrode is less than or equal to a.

The size and shape of the light emitting source or the secondary radiation light source in the light source optical system is a rectangle as shown in FIG. 23 (X axis azimuth length = Hx, Y axis on the light emitting source side). Azimuth length = Hy, and as a secondary radiation light source, X-axis azimuth length = Hx ', Y-axis azimuth length = Hy'), and the radiated light therefrom is made into substantially parallel light by a condenser lens. It is incident on the reflective liquid crystal display element. At this time, when the rectangular light emitting portion is placed at the focal position of the condenser lens 9, the dispersion angle θx of the incident light in the XZ axis plane and the dispersion angle θy of the incident light in the YZ axis plane are When the focal length of the lens 9 is F, it is approximated by the equations (2) and (3). The area of the light emitting portion is Hx · Hy, and the average dispersion angle θm of the incident light is defined by the equation (4).

[0073]

Tan (θx) = Hx / F (2), tan (θy) = Hy / F (3), tan (θm) = 2 (Hx · Hy / π) ) ^1/2 / F ...... (4).

Therefore, in this case, the dispersion angle θx and the dispersion angle average value θm are the X-axis azimuth length Hx and the Y-axis azimuth length H of the light emitting portion.
It is determined by choosing y and the focal length F of the condenser lens. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to various optical systems using a reflection type liquid crystal display element, but specifically, a liquid crystal display element used for various applications, particularly a transmission / scattering type liquid crystal display element which does not use a polarizing plate is used. Intended.

As a transmission / scattering type (light scattering type) LCD, several systems such as a DS-LCD and a liquid crystal phase change mode have been reported. Among them, the above-mentioned LCPC-LCD
Is particularly preferable because it can operate at a low voltage (≦ 10 V) and has a high scattering ability.

LCP normally used for projection display elements
In the structure of the C-LCD, the liquid crystal phase of the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy and the polymer were cured between the first substrate having the electrodes and the driving elements and the second substrate having the counter electrodes. LC configured by being separately formed with a resin phase such as a resin
Hold the PC layer. Further, the refractive index of the resin phase is usually made to substantially match the ordinary refractive index (n ₀ ) of the liquid crystal used.

As the structure of the LCPC layer and the structure in which the resin phase and the liquid crystal material are three-dimensionally phase-separated, a structure in which liquid crystal is filled in the holes of a resin matrix in which a large number of fine holes are formed, A structure in which a resin matrix having a network structure is impregnated with liquid crystal, a structure in which a large number of microcapsules containing liquid crystal are dispersed in the resin matrix, or a liquid crystal phase phase-separated into particles is three-dimensionally connected. Such a structure is exemplified.

These three-dimensional phase-separated structures have a continuous liquid crystal phase structure in which 60 to 100% of liquid crystal is continuous or continuous with a resin matrix, and a continuous or continuous liquid crystal phase is 30.
%, Which is roughly divided into phase-separated structures exhibiting an independent liquid crystal phase. Comparing the two, in order to obtain a liquid crystal optical element with a high haze value in the scattering state and a high contrast ratio, a continuous liquid crystal phase-phase separation structure that can utilize the light scattering effect between phase-separated liquid crystal domains is used. preferable.

The physical property value of the liquid crystal used is 0.20 ≦
The range of Δn ≦ 0.25 and 5 <Δε <13 is preferable because a low hysteresis characteristic in the VT curve and a contrast ratio during transmission and scattering (high transmittance and high scattering) can be obtained. In addition, the refractive index (n _P ) of the resin or the like used as the resin phase and the ordinary refractive index (n _O ) of the liquid crystal substantially match each other, so that the transparent state is established. For example, n _O −0.03 <
It is preferably used so as to satisfy the relationship of n _P <n _O +0.05.

Generally, in a projection type display element using a transmission / scattering type display element, a projection image is constructed by arranging the light source optical system, the projection optical system and the transmission / scattering type element so as to satisfy the positional relationship of the Schlieren optical system. Contrast (contrast)
It becomes possible to display. At this time, the brightness of the projected image depends on the directivity of light emitted from the light source optical system and incident on the display element, the scattering ability of the display element, and the numerical aperture (F number) that determines the converging angle of the projection optical system. It depends. This is significantly different from the case of a transmissive absorption type display element in which bright and dark (contrast) display is determined by the characteristics of the display element itself and has little dependence on the optical system.

Specifically, as in the second configuration example (FIGS. 19 and 20) of the projection type liquid crystal display device, the condenser lens 9 is arranged so that the light incident on the reflection type liquid crystal display element becomes substantially parallel light. , The size of the rectangular light emitting part shown in FIG.
A conjugate image corresponding to the shape (Hx.Hy) is formed by the condenser lens 9 at a position where it does not overlap the light emitting portion. In the present invention, a rectangular (Hx '· Hy') diaphragm shown by reference numeral 18 in FIG. 23 having the same shape as the conjugate image is installed near the position to define the converging angle of the projected image.

24 and 25, each component of the projection type liquid crystal display device 300 will be described. 24 and 25 show the case where the condenser lens 9 and the liquid crystal display element 10 in the configurations of FIGS. 19 and 20 are joined. Light source 11
Is disposed at the first focal position of the elliptical mirror 12, and the light emitted from the light source 11 is condensed by the elliptic mirror in the vicinity of the second focal position thereof, and the aperture of the first diaphragm 17 disposed there. Only the light that has passed through the section is emitted to the condenser lens 9 and becomes substantially parallel light by the condenser lens, and the reflection type liquid crystal display element 2
It is incident on 0.

The light normally reflected by the reflection layer of the reflection type liquid crystal display element is condensed again by the condenser lens, and a conjugate image of the first diaphragm 17 is formed. A second diaphragm 18 and a projection lens 19 are provided at this conjugate image position. At this time, the positional relationship between the size and shape of the first diaphragm that forms the light emission source or the secondary radiation light source (virtual light source) in the light source optical system and the transmission / scattering type display element or the condenser lens. The directivity of the incident light on the transmission / scattering type display element is determined by. Here, the first aperture stop is a rectangular aperture stop shown in FIG.

The second diaphragm having an opening having substantially the same shape as the conjugate image of the light emission source or the secondary radiation light source in the light source optical system is transmitted by the positional relationship between the transmission / scattering type display element or the condenser lens. Of the transmitted light of the scattering type display element,
The directivity of the emitted light that passes through the projection optical system and is projected onto the screen or the like is determined. Here, since the first diaphragm 17 and the second diaphragm 18 are arranged apart from each other by substantially the focal length of the condenser lens 9, the second diaphragm is a rectangular aperture having the same size and shape as the first diaphragm. It is a diaphragm.

24 and 25, in order to improve the uniformity and the light amount density of the light amount condensed by the elliptic mirror and emitted to the reflective liquid crystal display element, a cone is formed near the second focal point position of the elliptic mirror. A body prism 13 is provided. The first filter 14 and the second filter 15 in the figure may not be used here.

In the case of a projection type display device using an LCPC-LCD having such a transmission / scattering type operation mode as a transmission type display element, the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers Technical Report EID9
2-124 (1993-02) Contrast ratio of projected image (transmittance T _ON at applied voltage of 6 V and no voltage) by using the optical system (projection type display device TP) of the entire system described in paragraphs 69 to 75. Ratio of T _OFF when applied, T _ON / T _OFF )
Is shown in FIG.

In FIG. 26, the converging angle indicates the directivity of projection light which will be described later. As shown in this figure, the smaller the converging angle (which means closer to parallel light), the higher the contrast ratio, and the larger the converging angle, the lower the contrast ratio tends to be. .

In the projection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention,
Since a reflective liquid crystal display element is used as a display element, light reciprocates in the electro-optical functional layer, so that the driving voltage is the same as in the transmissive configuration, but a high scattering ability is achieved in the scattering state. In addition, the first light collecting means and the second
Since the light collecting means is formed for each pixel, a brighter projected image can be achieved by effectively collecting light even when the effective display area in the pixel is small.

Further, the contrast ratio depends on the directivity of the incident light to the display element and the directivity of the projected light, and the higher the directivity, the higher the contrast ratio.

24 and 25, since the second diaphragm of the projection optical system is made to coincide with the conjugate image of the first diaphragm of the light source optical system, the internal projection optical system of the transmitted light of the reflection type liquid crystal display element. The converging angle δ representing the directivity of the outgoing light that passes through and is projected on the screen or the like is equal to the average dispersion angle θm of the incident light.

Therefore, the contrast ratio of the projected image changes as shown in FIG. 26, for example, according to the converging angle θm. However, since the incident light divergence angle when entering the display element and the divergence angle when reaching the electro-optical functional layer 4 through the first light-collecting means 1 and the second light-collecting means 2, the contrast ratio is different. Although the absolute values of are different, the tendency shown in FIG. 26 is the same.

When the dispersion angles θx and θy are defined by using the rectangular first diaphragm having an opening of Hx · Hy, the dispersion angle θx in the XZ plane is kept constant and the first converging means and the first condensing means are used. It is possible to change the dispersion angle average value θm by changing only the dispersion angle θy while maintaining the pixel light condensing property by the second light condensing means. That is, Hx of the first aperture stop and Hx of the second aperture stop may be kept constant and only Hy may be made variable.

Since the actual light source is a light emitting body having a finite light emitting length, the brightness can be adjusted by varying the length of Hy and taking a large opening area of the aperture stop. That is, under a bright environment, Hy is increased to obtain a brighter projected image to maintain a high contrast ratio with respect to the background light, and under a dark environment with a small amount of outside light, Hy is decreased to obtain a dispersion angle θm and a light collection. By reducing the angle δ = θm, the brightness decreases but a projected image with a high contrast ratio can be realized.

Next, a video electric signal corresponding to each color of RGB is applied to the reflective liquid crystal display element, and one color pixel is generated by a set of RGB pixels spatially adjacent to each other. The configuration of the present invention relating to the light collecting means, the second light collecting means, the pixel, and the RGB incident light will be described.

In this case, as compared with the structure of the reflection type liquid crystal display element described above, the pixel structure used as a single display pixel is divided into three RGB pixels for use.
A projection type display device using the same is characterized in that incident light and emitted light are composed of light beams separated for each color of RGB, and a stop of a light source optical system and a projection optical system is devised. Become. However, the basic principle and configuration are the same as those described above.

FIG. 27 (perspective view of substrate arrangement) and FIG. 28 (X
29 shows a case where a cylindrical microlens array is used as a lenticular structure as the first light-collecting means and the second light-collecting means.
FIG. 30 (XZ axis sectional view) and FIG. 31 (YZ axis sectional view) (perspective view of substrate arrangement) are shown for each RGB pixel as a first light collecting means and a second light collecting means. The case where a microlens array is used is shown.

FIG. 32 (perspective view of substrate arrangement) and FIG. 33 (X
(Z-axis cross-sectional view) shows a case where a cylindrical micro-condensing mirror array is used as the lenticular structure as the second condensing means. In each case, a pair of the first light condensing means and the second light condensing means correspond to one set of RGB pixels that generate one color pixel.

An enlarged sectional view of the basic constituent elements is shown in FIGS. 34 and 35. Here, the chief rays of incident light and emitted light of each color of RGB are also shown. That is, the optical axis of the light incident on the reflective liquid crystal display element is different for each color light of RGB, and the optical axis is set to be inclined by the angle α in the XZ axis plane as shown in FIG. In this figure, R and B light are ± α for G light.
The case where the optical axis is inclined is shown.

The RGB optical axis tilt angle α inside the element and the RGB optical axis tilt angle α _o outside the element are related by sin (α _o ) = n · sin (α) according to Snell's law of refraction. To be In the description of the present invention, all of them are described by α without specifying the difference between them, but in reality, the inclination angle α is different between the outside and inside of the element according to Snell's law.

As a result, the G light which is vertically incident on the reflection type liquid crystal display element on the XZ axis plane is firstly reflected in the central region of the RGB 3 pixels.
The incident light of R light and B light whose optical axes are inclined by ± α with respect to the light is collected by the pixels on both sides.

At this time, the focal length f of the first light collecting means is
As in the case described above, the focal lengths f ₂ of ₁ and the second light converging means are substantially equal to each other and are substantially equal to the distance t between the principal points. The width of each element (microlens or condensing mirror) of the light converging means in the XZ axis plane is equal to the width C of the set of RGB pixels, and in the figure, the width b of each pixel of RGB is equal and RGB. The case where the length a of the pixel electrode, which is the width of the display portion of the pixel, is evenly arranged is shown.
The R, G, and B luminous fluxes are provided so as to be guided to the corresponding pixel electrodes. At this time, the inclination angle α and the distance between the principal points of the first light-collecting means 2 and t (= f ₁ =
It is preferable that the relationship of the following expression (5) is satisfied between f ₂ ) and the width b of the RGB pixel. However, α in the formula indicates the angle in the substrate.

[0102]

## EQU3 ## b = t × tan (α) (5).

Further, the dispersion angles θRx, θGx, θBx of the RGB color lights in the X-Z axis plane (in this example, all are equal θRG
Bx) and the widths wR, wG, wB of the light fluxes in the XZ axis plane condensed by the condensing means (all of which are equal in this example, wRGB) are given by the following equation (1): It is described by the equation (6).

[0104]

## EQU00004 ## wRGB = t.times.tan (.theta.RGBx) (6).

Therefore, in order to prevent the RGB color lights from being condensed on the pixel to which the image signal corresponding to the color is applied and being mixed into the adjacent pixel to cause the deterioration of the color purity, wRG
B is preferably b or less. Further, it is more preferable that wRGB is a or less so that light is not lost in the non-operating pixel portion.

[0106]

[Formula 5] wRGB ≤ b ……………… (7), wRGB ≤ a ……………… (8).

From the equations (5) to (8), it is understood that it is a necessary condition that the dispersion angle θRGBx of the color light of each RGB is equal to or less than the inclination angle α of the optical axis of each color. The RGB light incident angles and the configuration of the reflective liquid crystal display element are designed so that such conditions are satisfied. In this example, the XZ axis cross section is shown, but the YZ axis cross section is the same as in FIG. 13 or FIG. 14 described above.

Next, FIGS. 36 and 37 show examples of the arrangement of the optical system for generating the RGB incident light shown in FIGS. 34 and 35.

In the XZ axis plane of the reflective liquid crystal display element, the three-color light source (corresponding to reference numeral 21 in FIG. 37) in which RGB is spatially separated as shown in FIG. 38 is a reflective liquid crystal. The light which is placed on the light incident side of the display element 20 and which diverges therefrom is collimated by the condenser lens 9 arranged on the front surface of the reflective liquid crystal display element, and the optical axis is inclined for each color of RGB. It is incident on the reflective display element. The RGB light that is normally reflected by the reflection layer is condensed by the same condenser lens 9, and is again substantially equal to the light source image of three colors as shown in FIG.
RGB, which is a conjugate image, is formed as a three-color light source image 22 spatially separated and arranged.

In this example, the structure of the reflective liquid crystal display element is shown in FIG.
7 or 28 is a case where the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means having a lenticular structure along the Y-axis direction are assumed, and the RGB three color light sources collect light. The lens 9 and the lens 9 are placed at a position apart from each other by a focal length F.

The conjugate image of the RGB light source shown in FIG. 38 is the first
Is generated on the RGB pixel electrodes in the vicinity of the electro-optical function layer by the light condensing means, so that hx and B are also shown for b and wRGB described above in order to efficiently collect the RGB colors on the RGB pixel electrode portions. The relational expressions to be described later corresponding to the expressions (5) to (8) are applied.

In particular, when a transmission / scattering type liquid crystal is used as the electro-optical functional layer of the reflection type liquid crystal display element, scattered light can be efficiently removed by constructing a Schlieren optical system for each color of RGB, so that the color purity can be improved. An improvement and a high contrast ratio are achieved. Specifically, when the transmission / scattering type liquid crystal is in a transparent state, the condenser lens 9 causes the RG to go to the light emission side.
A conjugate image of the B3 color light source is generated, and FIG.
A filter which has a shape corresponding to the RGB three-color light source shown in (1) and which transmits only the RGB spectrum light is installed.

Specifically, for B, a filter that transmits light having a wavelength of approximately 495 nm or less and reflects long-wavelength visible light of approximately 495 nm or more is used, and light having a wavelength of approximately 510 nm or more and 570 nm or less is transmitted and other visible light is transmitted. Is used for G, and a filter for transmitting visible light of about 585 nm or less and reflecting visible light of about 585 nm or less is used for R. RGB
FIG. 45 shows the spectral characteristics of each color.

Dispersion angle of incident light of each RGB color θRGBx (X−
The relationship between the Z-axis plane), θRGBy (Y-Z-axis plane), the inclination angle α of each optical axis, the size and shape of the RGB light source shown in FIG. 38, and the focal length F of the condenser lens 9 is as follows. (9)-(11)
It is summarized by the formula. Here, hx and hy represent the X-axis and Y-axis azimuth lengths of the respective RGB light sources, and B represents the X-axis azimuth distance between adjacent RGB light source centers.

[0115]

Tan (θRGBx) = hx / F ……………… (9), tan (θRGBy) = hy / F ……………… (10), tan (α) = B / F …………………… (11).

The area of each RGB light source is hx · hy, and the dispersion angle average value θRGBm of the incident light of each RGB color is defined by the following equation (12).

[0117]

Tan (θRGBm) = 2 (hx · hy) ^1/2 / F (12)

Therefore, the dispersion angle θRGBx and the dispersion angle average value θRGBm are determined by selecting the X-axis azimuth length hx and the Y-axis azimuth length hy of the light emitting section and the focal length F of the condenser lens.
Next, a configuration example of the RGB three-color light source and a configuration example of efficiently removing scattered light for each RGB will be described.

As a first configuration example, as shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, an opening having the size and shape shown in FIG. 38 is provided in the vicinity of the first diaphragm 17 and the second diaphragm 18, and The transmission-type first filter 14 and the second filter 15 having the spectral characteristic of are arranged respectively.

The white light emitted from the light source 11 which is a white light source is condensed by the condenser mirror 12, and then the first filter 14
Is a secondary RGB three-color light source. On the other hand, the RGB light that has passed through the display element is condensed by the condenser lens 9, and the second image is formed at the position where the conjugate image of the first filter 14 is formed.
By disposing the filter 15 of, the light scattered by the display element is excluded for each of the RGB color lights, and a projection image with a high contrast ratio is obtained.

At this time, by providing a mechanism for varying the length of the apertures of the first diaphragm 17 and the second diaphragm 18 in the Y-axis direction, the hy of the first filter 14 and the second filter 15 is changed. If the dispersion angle θRGBx can be adjusted, only the dispersion angle average value θRGBm can be made variable while the dispersion angle θRGBx remains constant.

Since the actual light source is a light emitting body having a finite light emitting length, it is possible to adjust the brightness by making the length of hy variable. That is, in a bright environment, the hy is increased to obtain a brighter projected image to maintain a high contrast ratio with respect to the background light, and in a dark environment with a small amount of outside light, the hy is decreased to obtain a dispersion angle θRGBm and a light collection. By reducing the angle δ = θRGBm, the brightness decreases but a projected image with a high contrast ratio can be realized.

As a second configuration example relating to the light source system, instead of the first filter 14 shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, the dichroic mirror 16 for reflecting each color light of RGB is α in the XZ plane. Arranged at an angle of / 2,
The white light emitted from the first diaphragm 17 is reflected and separated by the surface of the dichroic mirror, becomes an RGB light source, and is emitted to the reflective liquid crystal display element (FIGS. 39 to 42). TR, T
The beam splitter surfaces of G and TB are formed on the light emitting side of the dichroic mirror 16. FIG. 46 shows the spectral characteristics of the RGB colors of the dichroic mirror 16.

FIGS. 39 and 40 show a first optical element 16 in which a dichroic mirror (having mirror surfaces of TR, TG and TB whose arrangement angles are different) and a cone-shaped prism are integrated. The case where it is provided in the vicinity of the aperture stop 17 is shown. With such a configuration, if the opening of the first diaphragm 17 is formed as a rectangle of hx · hy, and the light source system is viewed from the display element side, reference numeral 21 in FIG. 37 (reference numeral 22 in FIG. 36).
It corresponds to the arrangement of RGB light sources corresponding to the position (overlapping position). 39 and 40, the apex angle is 180 °
The following convex conical prisms are shown, but concave conical prisms having an apex angle of 180 ° or more as shown in FIGS. 41 and 42 may be used.

At this time, the second filter 14 on the projection optical system side may have the same form as that of FIG. 38, or FIG.
Also, as in FIG. 40, the second diaphragm 18 may be installed after the RGB light is combined into white light using a dichroic mirror for combining RGB reflected colors (in this case, a cone-shaped prism is not used).

It is preferable to use the dichroic mirror described in the second configuration example relating to this light source system because the light utilization efficiency can be increased as compared with the first configuration example.
An example of the overall arrangement of the projection type liquid crystal display device 310 in this case is shown in FIGS. 43 and 44.

In the above description, it is assumed that the RGB three-color light source shapes hx and hy are the same for each color, that is, the dispersion angle of the emitted light is substantially the same for each RGB color.
The color light source shapes hx and hy may be set to be different for each color, that is, the dispersion angle of the emitted light and the converging angle of the projection optical system may be set to be different for each RGB color.

If it is necessary to adjust the contrast ratio for each of the RGB colors or the RGB color balance, R
It is preferable that the GB three-color light source shapes hx and hy be different for each color. Examples of specific configurations and characteristics of the present invention will be described below.

[0129]

EXAMPLE 1 Example 1 having the structure of the reflective liquid crystal display element shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 will be described below. First, FIG.
7 shows a partial sectional view thereof. In this embodiment, an active matrix drive substrate 5 in which a TFT is formed for each transparent electrode such as ITO forming a pixel and a rear translucent counter substrate 63 in which a transparent electrode is formed on the entire display surface are used, and a sealing material is used. Is applied to prepare a cell having a constant space gap.

The active matrix drive substrate 5 is an active matrix substrate having a TFT array 81 and electrode wirings 82 (gate electrodes and / or signal electrodes) formed on a glass substrate. In order to use the reflective substrate in this embodiment, the optical film thickness (refractive index × film thickness), which is an electrically insulating material, is 100 to 100 over the entire display surface of the active matrix array having the normal transmissive pixel electrodes. by the refractive index of about 200 nm 2. and TiO ₂ of 3 and SiO ₂ having a refractive index of 1.45 and thickness of approximately 20 layers alternately, to prepare a dielectric multilayer mirror as the reflective layer 3, with respect to the visible wavelength range 9
A reflectance of 0% or more is obtained.

At this time, by forming an island-shaped light-shielding film (black matrix: BM) on the light-incident side TFT through the reflective layer 3 composed of a dielectric multilayer film mirror, incident light of high illuminance can be obtained. It is preferable that the transistor characteristics do not change even when compared with the above. Further, in order to block reflected return light and incident light on the glass back surface of the active matrix substrate 5, a light blocking layer 51 is formed on the glass back surface with black paint.

A microlens array is formed as the first light converging means 1 on the ITO film formation surface side of the transparent counter substrate (glass substrate) 6 which is a specific example of the light incident side transparent substrate. ing. Its condensing property is X-Z as shown in FIG.
It has a lenticular structure in which cylindrical lenses that are only in the axial plane are arranged in parallel.

The structure of the microlens array includes a convex lens shape utilizing refraction at an interface having a different refractive index and a flat plate type microlens array in which the refractive index is distributed in the depth direction of the glass substrate. In this embodiment, a flat plate type microlens array is used. The manufacturing method can be manufactured by a known photolithography technique and an ion exchange process.

Further, as shown in FIG. 47, fine unevenness 7 is formed on the surface of the substrate glass on which the microlens array is formed.
1 is formed and a transparent electrode (ITO) is formed thereon to be used as a counter substrate. The fine irregularities are formed on the display surface by the sandblast method, but the surface to which the sealing material is applied is left flat.

The fine irregularities are for effectively preventing Fresnel regular reflection light at the ITO interface from reaching the screen as scattered light without passing through the aperture of the projection lens. It is small enough, but large enough to cause optical scattering, and the depth is several μm or less.

The second light collecting means is also formed on the front light incident side transparent substrate 61, which is a glass substrate, by using the same flat plate type microlens array as the first light collecting means. However, it is not necessary to form fine irregularities on the surface of the substrate, and the rear light incident side translucent substrate 63 and the front light incident side translucent substrate 61 may be integrally bonded by using an optical adhesive 62. Good. At this time, a normal antireflection film is formed on the interface between the light-incident side substrate of the reflective liquid crystal display element and the air in order to reduce the Fresnel reflected light.

By using the transmissive / scattering type liquid crystal display element as the reflective type, the light reciprocates through the LCPC layer, so that the scattering ability is dramatically improved as compared with the transmissive type. For example, the contrast ratio of the projected image is improved, and if the converging angle is set to a large value so that the contrast ratio is the same, the projected image becomes brighter.

As the structure of the dielectric multilayer mirror,
In addition to the combination of TiO ₂ / SiO ₂ , Ta ₂ O ₅ / S
Alternate multilayer films of high-low refractive index dielectrics such as iO ₂ and Si / SiO ₂ may be used. The higher the reflectance and the wider reflection wavelength band are likely to be obtained, the more the combination of materials having a large difference in refractive index. Further, the resistivity of the dielectric material is preferably 10 ¹⁰ Ω / cm ² or more.

The active matrix substrate 5 thus manufactured, the front light incident side transparent substrate 61, and the rear light incident side transparent substrate 63 are used, and the cell gap is 6
Spacers are dispersed in the screen so as to maintain a constant value of about 16 μm, and a sealing material is applied to form cells. Then, a mixed liquid of liquid crystal and polymer is injected into the cell, and the polymer is cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays to form a resin, thereby forming an LCPC layer in which a liquid crystal phase and a resin phase are combined. In particular, what is formed using a polymer is called a liquid crystal / polymer composite. Then, a transmission / scattering type liquid crystal display device was obtained.

The display portion of this liquid crystal display device 500 has a diagonal size of 3.15 inches and a pixel size of 100 μm × 10.
0 μm, consisting of 640 horizontal pixels × 480 vertical pixels, TF
The aperture ratio of the T array is 49% (75 μm × 67 μm).

The pitch b of the flat plate type microlens arrays of the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means is equal to the pixel size and is 100 μm, and the focal length thereof is the front light incident side transparent substrate 61 or the rear side. Each of the glass substrates, which is a main component of the light incident side transparent substrate 63, corresponds to a plate thickness of 1.0 mm.

Such a reflection type liquid crystal display device is provided with X-Z
When parallel light with a dispersion angle θx (air) of 6 ° is incident on the axial plane, the dispersion angle θx (glass) after refraction on the glass substrate = sin
^{Since −1} {sin (6 °) /1.5} = 4 °, the pixel length is 100 μm in the XZ axis plane on the reflective pixel electrode surface.
From the formula (1), the light incident from the flat plate type microlens array corresponding to is w = 1.0 × tan (4 °) = 70μ
It is focused on m.

Therefore, the aperture ratio of 49% is effectively 67.
Improve to%. Accordingly, the light utilization efficiency is improved by 37% as compared with the conventional panel in which the flat plate type microlens array is not formed.

In addition, since the parallel light is focused on the pixel, the LCP
The dispersion angle θx (glass) in the C layer is substantially θx = tan
^-1 (0.1 / 1.0) = 5.7 ° or θx (air)
= 8.6 °. If the Y-axis azimuth dispersion angle θy is set to 10 ° or less, a contrast ratio of 100: 1 or more can be expected. Further, the contrast ratio and brightness of the projected image can be adjusted by simultaneously changing the widths Hy and Hy 'in the Y-axis direction of the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm.

In this embodiment, the data wiring and X are arranged in parallel with the Y axis.
Since the gate wiring is arranged parallel to the axis, the liquid crystal material on the gate wiring to which an effective AC voltage is not applied remains in a scattering state, and the display remains dark. Therefore, a flat plate type microlens array having no light condensing function is used in the Y-axis direction, and the off-light amount level, that is, the contrast ratio is significantly increased even if the light-shielding film (black matrix: BM) normally used for the counter substrate is not formed. It does not deteriorate.

In this embodiment, a reflective type pixel electrode structure in which a dielectric multilayer mirror is formed on a transmissive transparent electrode is used, but the pixel electrode itself is not an ITO transparent electrode but Al.
It may be a metal reflective electrode.

Further, although the counter electrode surface was finely processed to have an antireflection effect, the antireflection effect is inferior, but a multilayer antireflection film having an ITO film as a constituent element is formed on the glass flat surface as in the conventional case. By forming it, interface reflection may be reduced.

[0148]

[Embodiment 2] Of the reflection type liquid crystal display element shown in Embodiment 1, the first condensing means (flat plate type microlens array) provided on the light incident side front light incident side transparent substrate 61. A linear color filter for each color of RGB is formed on each surface of the cylindrical lens for each cylindrical lens. This structure is used as a reflective color liquid crystal display device. Here, a cell is first prepared using a reflective active matrix drive substrate and a counter substrate (transparent substrate 63 on the rear light incident side), and LCPC is formed by a photopolymerization phase separation method.
The front light incident side transparent substrate 61 with a color filter is bonded to the rear light incident side transparent substrate 63.

By adopting such a constitution / manufacturing procedure, even when a liquid crystal / resin composite such as LCPC is formed by an ultraviolet photopolymerization method, ultraviolet rays are not blocked by the color filter layer, so that good characteristics can be obtained. Is obtained. Further, since the color filter substrate and the reflective cell can be manufactured separately, it is advantageous in terms of yield and cost.

In this case, the image information of the same color of RGB is applied to the pixel electrodes of the same color of RGB along the Y-axis direction, and the group of RGB adjacent in the X-axis direction becomes one color image unit.

The display portion of this liquid crystal display element has a diagonal of 9.45.
Inch size, pixel size is (100 μm x RGB) x
The size is 300 μm and consists of horizontal (640 × RGB) pixels × vertical 480 pixels, and the aperture ratio of each pixel is 69% (75 μm × 27).
5 μm). The pitch b of the flat plate type microlens arrays of the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means is 100 μm, which is equal to the pixel size, and the focal length thereof is the same as in the first embodiment. The transparent substrate 61 corresponds to each of the glass substrates of the rear light incident side transparent substrate 63 having a plate thickness of 1.0 mm.

In such a reflective color liquid crystal display device,
When collimated light with a dispersion angle θx (air) of 6 ° is incident on the XZ axis plane, the dispersion angle θx (glass) after refraction on the glass substrate =
Since sin ⁻¹ {sin (6 °) /1.5} = 4 °, the pixel length of 1 in the XZ axis plane on the reflective pixel electrode surface.
The light incident from the flat plate type microlens array corresponding to 00 μm is w = 1.0 × tan (4 °) according to the equation (1).
= 70 μm.

Therefore, the aperture ratio of 69% is effectively 92.
Improve to%. Accordingly, the light utilization efficiency is improved by 33% as compared with the conventional panel in which the flat plate type microlens array is not formed.

[0154]

Third Embodiment In the configuration of the first embodiment, the flat type microlens array used for the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means is not the lenticular structure but the Z-axis direction as shown in FIGS. It has a light-concentrating function (refractive index distribution) that is symmetrical to the center. Further, the flat-plate microlens array of the first light-collecting means, the flat-plate microlens array of the second light-collecting means, and the pixels have the central axes of the respective lenses aligned on one axis in the XZ cross section. However, in the YZ cross section, the flat-plate type microlens array of the first light-collecting means is displaced from the flat-plate microlens array of the second light-collecting means by a half pixel. It

The focal length of each flat plate type microlens array of the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means is the same as that of the first embodiment and is about 1.0 mm. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

When parallel light having a dispersion angle θ (air) of 6 ° is incident on such a reflective liquid crystal display element, the dispersion angle after refraction by the glass substrate is θ (glass) = sin ⁻¹ {sin (6 ° )
Since /1.5}=4°, the light incident from the flat plate type microlens array corresponding to the pixel length of 100 μm in the XZ axis and YZ axis planes on the reflective pixel electrode surface is expressed by the formula (1). Therefore, w = 1.0 × tan (4 °) = 70 μm
Is focused on.

Therefore, the aperture ratio of 49% is effectively 92.
Greatly improve to%. Accordingly, the light utilization efficiency is improved by 88% as compared with the conventional panel in which the flat plate type microlens array is not formed. Here, the incident light is made incident on the reflecting surface in the YZ axis plane at an incident angle γ. Next, the relational expression of γ is shown.

[0158]

Γ = sin ⁻¹ [n · sin {tan ⁻¹ (b / 2t)}] = 6.1 ° (13)

[0159]

Fourth Embodiment An embodiment having a fourth configuration example of the reflection type liquid crystal display element shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 will be described. As the light-incident-side translucent substrate 6, a substrate having a transmissive pixel electrode, that is, the active matrix driving substrate described in the first embodiment, in which no dielectric multilayer mirror is formed, is used. At this time, in order to obtain an antireflection effect, the ITO pixel electrode has an optical film thickness of λ with respect to the main wavelength λ (= about 550 nm) of incident light.
It is preferable that the surface of the substrate is flattened so that it becomes / 2.

As the light-reflecting substrate 5, a second light-collecting means having a cylindrical mirror formed on the surface of the substrate so as to have a lenticular structure is used. The cylindrical mirror may be formed by etching a substrate made of glass, ceramics, plastic, or the like, or may be formed by applying a resin on the front surface of the substrate and then transferring a mold of a convex cylindrical mirror.

Then, a reflective electrode film of Al or the like may be formed on the entire surface of the shape, or the reflective electrode may be a combination of ITO and a dielectric multilayer film mirror as in the first embodiment. Here, the pitch of the cylindrical mirrors is set to 100 μm, which is the same as the microlens array and pixel size of the first light converging means, and the radius of curvature r is set to 1.0 mm as the plate thickness of the active matrix substrate 5 which is the light incident side substrate. Make it equivalent. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

When such a reflection type liquid crystal display element is irradiated with incident light as in the case of the first embodiment, the same condensing effect and effective improvement of the aperture ratio are obtained, and the light utilization efficiency is improved.

[0163]

[Embodiment 5] An embodiment of a projection type color liquid crystal display device provided with the reflection type color liquid crystal display element shown in the embodiment 2 will be described below. The basic configuration of this embodiment is shown in FIGS.
This is the same as that of the projection type color liquid crystal display device. However, in this embodiment, the first filter-14 and the second filter 15 are not used.

The light-transmissive substrate on the front light incident side of the reflective color liquid crystal display element of Example 2 (reference numeral 6 in the related drawings)
In 1), the plane side of a plano-convex spherical lens (reference numeral 9) having a focal length of 180 mm is joined with an optical adhesive to form a reflective color liquid crystal display element block. In this case, the visible broadband antireflection film is formed on the convex surface of the lens, not on the air interface of the light-transmissive substrate.

Next, the reflection type color liquid crystal display element block 20 is combined with a projection light source system and a projection lens system to obtain a projection type color liquid crystal display device.

In the light source system for projection, the light source 11 has 250
A metal halide lamp with W and an arc length of 5 mm is used, and light is condensed by the elliptical mirror 12 with a cold mirror. The light emitting portion of the light source is arranged near the first focal point of the elliptic mirror 12, and the conical prism 13 is arranged near the second focal point of the elliptic mirror 12.

The cone-shaped prism 13 is oriented such that light is incident from the bottom surface thereof and is emitted to the apex angle side, and the apex angle is 114 °.
After processing and polishing the optical glass so that, the antireflection film is formed on the surface. Further, a first aperture stop 17 having a variable aperture diameter is installed on the light exit side of the conical prism.

In the optical system, the optical axis AX of the incident light on the reflective color liquid crystal display element block 20 and the optical axis BX of the reflected light from the reflective color liquid crystal display element block 20 are divided into two.
When the central axis is defined as the central optical axis CX, the central optical axis and the incident light optical axis AX and the central optical axis and the reflected light optical axis BX are arranged so that the angle γ is 9 °.

The divergent light emitted from the first aperture stop 17 near the second focus of the ellipsoidal mirror 12 of the projection light source system is converted into substantially parallel light by the condenser lens 9 joined to the reflective color liquid crystal display element 20. Then, the light is incident on the reflective color liquid crystal display element. The reflected light from the reflecting surface of the reflective color liquid crystal display element is condensed again by the same condenser lens, and an image conjugate with the first aperture stop 17 near the second focal point of the elliptic mirror is the second elliptic mirror.
The focus position is generated at a position that does not overlap the first aperture stop.

The projection optical system is composed of a projection lens and a scattered light removing system, and an aperture stop which is a device for reducing scattered light has a structure in which its aperture diameter can be changed. The projection optical system was arranged so that an image conjugate with the first aperture stop at the second focus position of the elliptical mirror corresponds to the variable stop position of the projection lens. The image is projected on the projection screen by the projection optical system including the aperture stop as a component.

At this time, the directivity of the incident light to the reflective color liquid crystal display element is determined by the dispersion angle θm determined by the shape of the variable first aperture stop 17 of the light source optical system and the focal length F of the condenser lens 9. Can be expressed. Further, the shape of the variable second aperture stop 18 for removing scattered light of the projection optical system and the focal length F of the condenser lens 9 determine the converging angle, which is the spread angle of the directivity of the projected light.

Variable First Aperture Stop 1 of Projection Light Source System
7 and the variable-type second aperture stop 18 of the projection optical system can adjust and vary the respective aperture diameters so that the divergence angle θm of the emitted light flux of the light source optical system and the converging angle are almost equal. It is preferable because the utilization factor and the contrast ratio are not deteriorated.

Using the projection type color liquid crystal display device having such a configuration, the variable first aperture stop 17 of the light source optical system and the projection optical system are varied under the condition of the dispersion angle θm = the converging angle. When the second aperture stop 18 in the equation was changed and the angle θm was changed, the contrast ratio and the luminous flux on the projection screen were predicted. Table 1 summarizes the results.

When the room in which the projection screen is installed is bright, the amount of light at the black level of the image increases due to the influence of ambient light. Therefore, in order to obtain a high-contrast display with good visibility, the dispersion angle θm is set to 6 It is preferable that the projection light flux is set to be larger than or equal to 0 °. On the other hand, when the room is dark, there is no effect of ambient light, the amount of light at the black level of the image is directly recognized, and unnecessary screen brightness becomes dazzling and reduces visibility. Therefore, the dispersion angle θm is 6 ° or less. It is preferable that the contrast ratio is set to be high to reproduce the black level gradation.

By using the two variable apertures in this embodiment, it is possible to easily adjust the brightness and contrast ratio of the screen projection image according to the brightness of the surrounding environment. In addition, the light amount distribution on the screen is highly uniform in the periphery as well as in the center, and the in-plane distribution of colors is also uniform.

[0176]

[Table 1]

[0177]

[Embodiment 6] The reflective liquid crystal display element shown in Embodiment 1
An embodiment of a projection type color liquid crystal display device using three plates for each color of GB will be described below. The structure of the projection type color liquid crystal display device 320 of this embodiment is shown in FIGS. 48 and 49. Example 4
Using the optical system used in (the basic arrangement is shown in FIGS. 24 and 25), white light is separated into RGB color lights, and the light reflected by each reflective liquid crystal display element is recombined. As a synthesizing system, two types of two flat plate dichroic mirrors are placed in a V shape and used.

As in Example 5, the planes of the plano-convex spherical lenses having a focal length of 180 mm were joined to the light incident side substrates of the three RGB reflection type liquid crystal display elements with an optical adhesive to form a reflection type liquid crystal display. These are element blocks 31, 32, and 33. An antireflection film corresponding to each wavelength band of RGB is formed on the convex surface of the lens, and the reflectance is suppressed to 0.1% or less.

Next, this reflection type liquid crystal display element block is incorporated into a projection type apparatus including a projection light source system, a color separation / synthesis system, a projection lens system and the like to obtain a projection type color liquid crystal optical device. The light source optical system for projection and the projection optical system are the fifth embodiment.
It has the same structure as.

The two types and two flat plate type dichroic mirrors 41 and 42 which compose the color separation / combination optical system 40 are arranged so that the angle formed by the perpendicular line and the central optical axis CX is 30 °, and the two dichroic mirrors are formed. Are sequentially arranged without intersecting so that the angle β formed by the mirror surface becomes 60 °.

Further, the central optical axis CX, which is the perpendicular to the reflective surface of the reflective liquid crystal display element, and the optical axes AX, B of the incident light and the reflected light.
It is arranged so that the angle γ with X is 9 °. Also,
The plane defined by the optical axis of the incident light and the optical axis of the reflected light on the reflection surface of the reflective liquid crystal optical element and the plane defined by the perpendiculars of the two dichroic mirrors are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other.

In the projection type color liquid crystal optical device of this embodiment, the red wavelength light R is reflected by the first flat plate dichroic mirror 41, the blue wavelength light B is reflected by the second flat plate dichroic mirror 42, and the green light is reflected. The wavelength light G is transmitted.

First flat plate type dichroic mirror 41
Is a second flat plate dichroic mirror having a short wavelength transmission type spectral characteristic of reflecting orange (R) having a visible wavelength of 575 nm or more in the light from the light source optical system and transmitting light of other wavelengths. Reference numeral 42 denotes one having a long wavelength transmission type spectral characteristic that reflects blue (B) having a visible wavelength of 500 nm or less and transmits other wavelengths of light from the light transmitted through the first flat plate dichroic mirror. Using. The light transmitted through the first and second flat plate type dichroic mirrors is green (G).

The divergent light emitted from the first aperture stop 17 in the vicinity of the second focus of the elliptical mirror 12 of the projection light source system is in this way the dichroic mirrors 41, 4 for color separation / synthesis.
After being color-separated into RGB by 2, the condensing lens 3 joined to each reflective liquid crystal display element 31A, 32A, 33A
The light is collimated by 1B, 32B, and 33B and enters the reflective liquid crystal display element. The reflected light from the reflective surface of the reflective liquid crystal display element is condensed again by the same condenser lens,
The image near the second focal point of the elliptic mirror is conjugate with the second image of the elliptic mirror.
It is generated at a position that does not overlap the aperture at the focal position.

The projection optical system comprises a projection lens and a scattered light removing system, and is a second aperture stop 18 which is a device for reducing scattered light.
Has a configuration in which its aperture diameter is variable, and is installed inside a projection lens 19 composed of a plurality of lenses, and an image conjugate with the first aperture stop 17 at the second focal point position of the elliptical mirror is formed by the projection lens. The projection lens 19 is arranged so as to correspond to the variable diaphragm position. The projection optical system including the second aperture stop 18 as a component projects the image on a projection screen (not shown).

Using the projection type color liquid crystal display device having such a structure, the variable first aperture stop 17 of the light source optical system is used under the condition of the dispersion angle θ m = convergence angle as in the fifth embodiment. By changing the variable second aperture stop 18 of the projection optical system,
The contrast angle and the luminous flux on the projection screen were predicted by changing the dispersion angle θ m = the collection angle. The results are summarized in Table 2.

[0187]

[Table 2]

[0188]

Seventh Embodiment An embodiment of a projection type color liquid crystal display device using a RGB three-color light source system, a single plate reflection type liquid crystal display element and a projection optical system will be described below.

The structure of the reflective liquid crystal display element of this embodiment uses the colorized reflective liquid crystal display element shown in FIGS. 27 and 28. Except for the relationship between the pixel configuration and the first light converging means and the second light converging means in which the pixel configuration and the cylindrical lens array are arranged in a lenticular structure, the same configuration and fabrication as the reflective liquid crystal display element of Example 1 Is the law.

As shown in FIG. 28, one unit of the microlens array used for the first light-collecting means and the second light-collecting means of this embodiment is formed on a reflective active matrix array substrate. RGB which is one unit of color image
It corresponds to a set of pixels.

The display portion of this liquid crystal display element has a diagonal of 9.45.
Inch size, pixel size is (100 μm x RGB) x
The size is 300 μm and consists of horizontal (640 × RGB) pixels × vertical 480 pixels, and the aperture ratio of each pixel is 69% (75 μm × 27).
5 μm).

The pitch c of the flat plate type microlens arrays of the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means is equal to the size of one set of RGB pixels and is 300 μm, and its focal length is two glass substrates (front light). Each of the incident side transparent substrate 61 and the rear light incident side transparent substrate 63) corresponds to a plate thickness of 1.1 mm. Parallel light having a dispersion angle θx (air) of 6 ° in the XZ axis plane of the RGB color lights is made incident on such a reflective liquid crystal display element from the RGB three-color light source system.

In order for the optical axes of the RGB color lights to be focused on the centers of the RGB pixel electrodes in the XZ axis plane as shown in FIG. 34, the tilt angle α in the substrate is calculated from the equation (5). = 5.2 °, that is, α at the interface with the air outside the substrate α = 7.8 °.

At this time, the RGB color lights are refracted on the glass substrate after being refracted and the dispersion angle θx (glass) = sin ⁻¹ {sin (6 °)
Since /1.5}=4°, the light incident from the flat plate type microlens array corresponding to the pixel length of 100 μm in the XZ axis plane on the reflective pixel electrode surface is expressed by w
= 1.1 × tan (4 °) = 77 μm. Therefore, the aperture ratio of 67% is effectively improved to 89%.

Accordingly, the light utilization efficiency is improved by 33% as compared with the conventional panel in which the flat plate type microlens array is not formed. Further, even if the display element itself is not provided with a colorization element, color display is possible by using a single-plate liquid crystal display element and RGB three-color light.

As in Example 5, the plane side of the plano-convex spherical lens 9 having a focal length of 180 mm was joined to the front light incident side transparent substrate 61 of the reflection type liquid crystal display element with an optical adhesive to form a reflection type liquid crystal display. It is an element block. A visible broadband antireflection film is formed on the convex surface of the lens.

Next, RGB which is indispensable for the display device of this embodiment.
A three-color light source system and a projection system effective for high contrast display will be described.

24 and 25 show examples of the structure of a projection type color liquid crystal display device. Here, the RGB three-color light source system is the same as the white light source system used in the fifth and sixth embodiments.
A first filter, which is a spectral filter that transmits light in each wavelength band of RGB as shown in FIG. 38, is arranged near the first aperture stop (reference numeral 17). As each spectral filter, it is preferable to use a dichroic filter that does not absorb light and is excellent in durability and color resolution, and its transmittance characteristics are shown in FIG.

In order to obtain the above-described RGB three-color light, the X-axis azimuth length hx of the first filter is calculated from the equation (9) as hx =
It is 18.9 mm, and the X-axis azimuth distance B between the centers of adjacent RGB spectral filters is B = 24.7 mm from the equation (11).
And By adjusting the first diaphragm so that only the Y-axis azimuth length hy is variable, the dispersion angle θRGBy and the average dispersion angle θRGBm of the Y-axis direction can be changed.

Further, the projection optical system is composed of a projection lens and a scattered light removing system as in the fifth and sixth embodiments, and the size of the aperture of the second diaphragm 18 which is a device for reducing scattered light is different. It is configured to be variable, and it is installed inside the projection lens 19 composed of a plurality of lenses.
At a position where an image conjugate with the RGB three-color light source image defined by the first diaphragm 17 and the first filter 14 arranged near the focal position is formed by the condenser lens 9 and a part of the projection lens 19. The second aperture stop 18 and the second filter 15 (a color filter is actually used) are arranged.

Here, the RGB transmission area defined by the second diaphragm and the second color filter is made to coincide with the conjugate image of the RGB three-color light source. The projection optical system including the second diaphragm 18 and the second filter 15 projects and forms a color image on a projection screen (not shown).

With such a configuration, the second aperture stop 1
8 and the scattered light of each color of RGB is effectively removed as compared with the projection optical system not using the second filter 15 and the second filter 15, the contrast ratio of the projected image is dramatically improved.

Using the projection type color liquid crystal display device having such a structure, the projection is performed with the variable first aperture stop of the light source optical system under the condition of the dispersion angle θ m = convergence angle as in the fifth embodiment. Dispersion angle θm = by changing the variable second aperture stop of the optical system
The contrast ratio and the luminous flux on the projection screen can be adjusted by changing the converging angle. As a result, similar to the fifth and sixth embodiments, it is possible to display the brightness / contrast ratio that is easy to see according to the brightness of the surrounding environment.

In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the RGB spectral filters constituting the first and second filters have the same aperture length hy in the Y-axis direction, but hy may be different for each RGB. . In general, the scattering power of the LCPC layer has wavelength dependence, and the scattering power tends to decrease on the longer wavelength side. As a result, a phenomenon occurs in which the contrast ratio of the projected image is different for each wavelength or the voltage application-transmittance characteristic in the halftone is different.

As a method of reducing such wavelength dependency in the projection optical system, the aperture length hy in the Y-axis direction of each of the RGB spectral filters is set to be different for each wavelength to remove incident light and scattered light from the liquid crystal display element. It is effective to adjust the directivity of outgoing light passing through the system so as to be different for each wavelength. Specifically, when the scattering power decreases in the order of B>G> R, the hy of the spectral filter of each color is changed to hy (B)> hy (G)> hy.
It may be narrowed in the order of (R).

[0206]

[Embodiment 8] An embodiment of another RGB three-color light source system with high light utilization efficiency in Embodiment 7 is shown below. 43 and 44 show examples of the configuration of the light source system of the projection type color liquid crystal display device. Here, the difference from the seventh embodiment is that the first embodiment shown in FIG.
Instead of the filter of FIG.
By using an optical element 16 (a combination structure of three dichroic mirrors and cone prisms arranged to be inclined with respect to each other) that reflects each color light of B, RG
It is to realize a B3 color light source system.

39 to 42, the conical prism and the RGB are shown.
Although an example using the optical element 16 in which the dichroic mirror is integrated is described, in the present embodiment, the cone-shaped prism and the RGB dichroic mirror may be separated. 39 and 40 show the case of a convex cone prism, and FIGS. 41 and 42 show the case of a concave cone prism.

Here, the adjacent dichroic mirror surfaces that reflect the RGB color lights are arranged so as to be tilted by an angle α / 2 in the XZ axis plane, and both are arranged in the XY axis plane as Y.
It is placed at an angle γ / 2 with respect to the axis. Furthermore, by setting the opening width in the X-axis direction of the first diaphragm to be hx and the opening width in the Y-axis direction to be Hy, RGB corresponding to the seventh embodiment can be obtained.
A three-color light source system can be formed. FIG. 46 shows the spectral reflectance of the RGB dichroic mirror.

[0209]

According to the reflection type liquid crystal display element in one aspect of the present invention, the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means are provided on the light incident side transparent substrate.
And the second light collecting means is formed substantially adjacent to the liquid crystal material layer which is the electro-optical functional layer and the reflective layer of the reflective substrate. In the transparent state, incident light that has entered the liquid crystal display element at a certain dispersion angle can be emitted from the liquid crystal display element while maintaining the same dispersion angle after being reflected by the reflective layer of the reflective substrate. as a result,
It is possible to simultaneously improve the light utilization efficiency and the contrast ratio as compared with the conventional reflective liquid crystal display device.

When an active matrix substrate is used for the liquid crystal display element, the substrate structure can be realized by forming a transmission type active matrix substrate itself or a dielectric multilayer mirror on the entire front surface of the display surface. Then, as compared with the case of using the transmissive active matrix substrate, the effective pixel aperture ratio is improved by the light collecting action of the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means, and the light utilization efficiency is improved. .

Further, in the case of a single plate type reflective liquid crystal display element in which an RGB color filter is formed for each pixel, it is not necessary to form the color filter adjacent to the liquid crystal material layer,
Separately from the element having the liquid crystal material layer, the color filter is formed on the substrate on which the first light collecting means is formed, and then the both can be joined. As a result, manufacturing efficiency and yield are improved.

Further, when the liquid crystal material layer is an LCPC layer formed by the ultraviolet polymerization phase separation method, the absorption of ultraviolet rays due to the formation of the color filter is small, so that an LCPC layer having a normal ultraviolet intensity and high characteristics can be produced.

In addition, a single plate type reflective liquid crystal display element in which an RGB color filter is not formed for each pixel is used, and RGB3
A projection type color liquid crystal display device can be realized by using the RGB three-color scattered light removing system for the color light source optical system and the projection optical system.

That is, since the color filter is not formed in the liquid crystal display element, strong incident light can be used without causing heat generation due to light absorption and reliability problems regarding light resistance. As a result, the projected image can be brightened.

The present invention can be used in various other applications as long as the effect is not lost.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first configuration example of a reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an X of the first configuration example of the reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.
-Z-axis sectional view.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a second configuration example of the reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an X of a second configuration example of the reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.
-Z-axis sectional view.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a third configuration example of the reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an X of a third configuration example of the reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.
-Z-axis sectional view.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a fourth configuration example of the reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an X of a fourth configuration example of the reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.
-Z-axis sectional view.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a fifth configuration example of the reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the XZ axis of a fifth configuration example of the reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a YZ-axis sectional view of a fifth configuration example of the reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along the XZ axis of a first configuration example of the reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a YZ-axis cross-sectional view of a first configuration example of the reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a YZ axis cross-sectional view when a microlens array is used in the reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view taken along the XZ axis when a Fresnel lens is used in the reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along the XZ axis when a condenser mirror is used in the reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a sectional view taken along the XZ axis of a first configuration example of the projection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a YZ axis sectional view of a first configuration example of the projection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is an XZ-axis sectional view of a second configuration example of the projection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a YZ axis sectional view of a second configuration example of the projection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a sectional view taken along the XZ axis of a third configuration example of the projection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a YZ-axis cross-sectional view of a third configuration example of the projection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view taken along the XY axis in the case where the projection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a first aperture stop and a second aperture stop.

FIG. 24 is an X showing a projection type liquid crystal display device 300 of the present invention.
-Z-axis sectional view.

FIG. 25 shows a projection type liquid crystal display device 300 according to the present invention.
-Z-axis sectional view.

FIG. 26 is a graph showing the relationship between the converging angle of the transmission / scattering type display element and the projection image contrast ratio.

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a first example of a reflective liquid crystal display element (colored constitution) of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view taken along the XZ axis of a first example of a reflective liquid crystal display element (colored structure) of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a second example of a reflective liquid crystal display element (colored constitution) of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view taken along the XZ axis of a second example of the reflective liquid crystal display element (colored structure) of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a YZ-axis sectional view of a second example of the reflective liquid crystal display element (colored structure) of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a third example of a reflective liquid crystal display element (colored constitution) of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is an XZ-axis sectional view showing a third example of the reflective liquid crystal display element (colored constitution) of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is a first reflection-type liquid crystal display device (colored structure).
The partially expanded sectional view of the XZ axis which shows the optical path in an example.

FIG. 35 is a second reflection type liquid crystal display device (colored structure).
The partially expanded sectional view of the XZ axis which shows the optical path in an example.

FIG. 36 is a sectional view taken along the XZ axis of the first example of the basic optical arrangement of the projection type color liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a YZ-axis sectional view of a first example of the basic optical arrangement of the projection type color liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram showing a three-color light source of a light source system used in the projection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is an XZ-axis sectional view showing a first example of an optical element (RGB dichroic mirror prism and convex cone-shaped prism) used in the present invention.

FIG. 40 is an X-Y axis cross-sectional view showing a first example of an optical element (RGB dichroic mirror prism and convex cone-shaped prism) used in the present invention.

FIG. 41 is an XZ-axis sectional view showing a second example of the optical element (RGB dichroic mirror prism and concave cone-shaped prism) used in the present invention.

FIG. 42 is an XY axis cross-sectional view showing a second example of the optical element (RGB dichroic mirror prism and concave cone-shaped prism) used in the present invention.

FIG. 43 is an XZ-axis cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a projection type color liquid crystal display device including an RGB dichroic mirror prism and a cone prism of the present invention.

FIG. 44 is a YZ axis cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a projection type color display device of the present invention including an optical element.

FIG. 45 is a graph showing an example of spectral transmittance characteristics of the first and second filters used in the projection type color liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 46 is a graph showing an example of spectral reflectance characteristics of an RGB dichroic mirror used in the projection type color liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

47 is a cross-sectional view taken along the XY axis of Example 1. FIG.

FIG. 48 is an X-ray of the projection type color liquid crystal display device of the sixth embodiment.
Z-axis sectional view.

FIG. 49 is a view showing Y- of the projection type color liquid crystal display device in Example 6;
Z-axis sectional view.

FIG. 50 is a partial cross-sectional view of a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

1: First light-collecting means 2: Second light-collecting means 3: Reflective layer 37: Reflective electrode 4: Electro-optical functional layer 5: Reflective substrate 6: Light incident side translucent substrate 61: Forward light Incident-side translucent substrate 62: Adhesive 63: Rear-light incident-side translucent substrate 7: Transparent electrode 8: Pixel electrode 9: Condensing lens 10, 20, 100, 110, 120, 130, 14
0, 150, 400, 410, 420, 500: reflective liquid crystal display element 11: light source 12: elliptic mirror 14: first filter 15: second filter 17: first aperture stop 18: second aperture stop 19: Projection lens 200, 210, 220, 230, 300, 310, 3
20: Projection type liquid crystal display device

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal display device having a pixel electrode in which an electro-optical functional layer containing liquid crystal is sandwiched between a light-incident-side light-transmitting substrate and a light-reflecting substrate, the pixel electrode corresponding to the pixel electrode. do it,
The first light-collecting means is provided at a position on the light-incident-side light-transmitting substrate that is not in contact with the electro-optical function layer, and further, one of the light-incident-side light-transmitting substrate and the light-reflecting substrate and the electro-optical function layer are provided. A reflection type liquid crystal display device, characterized in that a second light condensing means is arranged between them. 2. A first focal length f ₁ of the light converging means and the focal length f ₂ of the second light converging means is substantially equal, the first light converging means and the second light converging means _2. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim _1, wherein the distance t between the principal points of and is approximately equal to the focal lengths f ₁ and f ₂ . 3. The first light collecting means and the second light collecting means are microlens arrays.
Alternatively, the reflective liquid crystal display element of item 2. 4. The reflection type liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the first light-collecting means is a microlens array and the second light-collecting means is a micro-collecting mirror array. element. 5. The reflection type of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means have cylindrical light collecting elements having a lenticular structure. Liquid crystal display device. 6. A reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein fine irregularities are formed on the surface of the light-incident-side translucent substrate on which the transparent electrodes are formed. . 7. A reflection type liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, a light source optical system, and a projection optical system.
A projection type liquid crystal display device, characterized in that light source light emitted from a light source optical system is passed through a reflection type liquid crystal display element and then projected onto a screen from a projection optical system. 8. A reflection type liquid crystal display element has a transmission / scattering type operation mode, and the light source optical system, the liquid crystal display element and the projection optical system are arranged so as to constitute a Schlieren optical system. The projection type display device according to claim 7. 9. A reflection type liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, a light source optical system and a projection optical system are provided, and light source light emitted from the light source optical system is passed through the reflection type liquid crystal display device. A projection type liquid crystal display device for projecting onto a screen from a projection optical system, wherein the first light collecting means and the second light collecting means of the reflection type liquid crystal display element are cylindrical light collecting elements having a lenticular structure. When the parallel arrangement azimuth axis of the lenticular structure having no light condensing action is the Y axis and the axis orthogonal to the parallel arrangement azimuth axis of the lenticular structure having the light condensing action is the X axis, the reflection type liquid crystal display element The light source optical system and the reflective liquid crystal display element are arranged so that the optical axis A of the incident light and the optical axis B of the emitted light reflected by the reflection surface of the liquid crystal display element form an angle 2γ = 2 to 40 ° with each other. Along with the optical axis A and the optical axis B, A projection type liquid crystal display device, characterized in that the first condensing means and the second condensing means are arranged such that a plane defined therein is parallel to the Y axis. 10. The light source optical system is provided with a light source (11), an elliptical mirror (12) and a first diaphragm (17), and the light source (11) is located near the position of the first focal point of the elliptic mirror (12). ), The first aperture stop (17) is arranged in the vicinity of the second focal point of the elliptical mirror (12), and the light entrance side and the light exit side of the liquid crystal display element (15) in the optical path from the light source optical system to the projection optical system. A condensing lens (13) is provided on the side, divergent light emitted from the first diaphragm (17) is condensed, and an image conjugate with the first diaphragm (17) is formed near the pupil position of the projection optical system. 8. A second diaphragm (18) which is formed into an image and whose aperture shape substantially matches the conjugate image of the first diaphragm (17) is provided near the image plane. 8 or 9 projection type liquid crystal display device. 11. A projection type liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein the light source optical system comprises optical axes AR, AG, A of RGB color lights.
B are provided in the same plane and the optical axes AR and
Each of AG and AB is a three-color light source configured to form an angle of α = 1 to 12 °, and a color video electric signal corresponding to each color of RGB is applied to each pixel of the liquid crystal display element, and RGB RGB corresponding to 1 pixel of color composite video
The first light collecting means and the second light collecting means having a pair of lenticular structures are arranged corresponding to every three pixels, and the light source images of the RGB three color light sources generated by the light source optical system are generated. The pair of first light collecting means and second light collecting means are arranged so as to be formed corresponding to each color of each RGB pixel of the liquid crystal display element and form the RGB three color light source image of the light source optical system. The image element is provided in the optical path after passing through the liquid crystal display element, and is provided with a filter in which three kinds of spectral filters for spatially arranging the three color light source images that define the respective RGB colors are spatially arranged. A projection type color liquid crystal display device characterized in that light is modulated for each pixel to which a color image electric signal corresponding to each color of RGB of a liquid crystal display element is applied to perform a projection display of a color image. 12. The light source optical system comprises a light source (11), an elliptical mirror (12) and a first diaphragm (17), and the light source (11) is located near the position of the first focal point of the elliptic mirror (12). ), A first diaphragm (17) is arranged in the vicinity of the position of the second focal point of the elliptical mirror (12), and the first filter (14) is connected to the first diaphragm (1).
As a three-color light source, a first filter (14), which is further arranged in the vicinity of 7) and functions as a spectral filter that defines each color of RGB, is provided so as to overlap the opening of the first diaphragm (17). Condensing lenses (9) are provided on the light incident side and the light emitting side of the reflective liquid crystal display element (20) of the optical path from the light source optical system to the projection optical system, and the light is emitted from the first diaphragm (17). The diverged light thus collected is condensed, and a three-color light source image conjugate with the first diaphragm (17) and the first filter (14) is formed in the vicinity of the pupil position of the projection optical system. A second diaphragm (18) and a second filter (15) are provided in the vicinity of the second diaphragm (1).
8) is formed so that the aperture shape of the second filter (1) substantially coincides with the conjugate image of the first diaphragm (17) and the second filter (1) is formed.
12. The projection type color liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein the arrangement of the spectral filters that define each color of RGB of 5) is formed so as to substantially match the conjugate image of the first filter (14). 13. The light source optical system includes a light source (11), an elliptical mirror (12) and a first diaphragm (17), and the light source (11) is located near the position of the first focal point of the elliptical mirror (12). ), The first diaphragm (17) is arranged near the position of the second focal point of the elliptical mirror (12), and the first diaphragm (17) has an angle R in the XZ axis plane.
3 types of dichroic mirrors for separating GB 3 colors (16)
Is provided in the vicinity of the first diaphragm (17) so as to overlap the opening of the first diaphragm (17) to form a three-color light source image, and a reflection type optical path from the light source optical system to the projection optical system is formed. Condensing lenses (9) are provided on the light incident side and the light emitting side of the liquid crystal display element (20) to condense the divergent light emitted from the first diaphragm (17) and to generate the first diaphragm (17). And an image conjugate with the three-color light source image corresponding to the opening of the RGB first diaphragm (17) formed by the dichroic mirror (16) is imaged in the vicinity of the pupil position of the projection optical system, and its image plane A second aperture (18) and a second filter (15) in the vicinity of
And a spectral filter that defines the apertures of the second diaphragm (18) so as to substantially match the conjugate image of the three-color light source image, and that defines the RGB colors of the second filter (15). 12. The projection type color liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein the arrangement is formed so as to substantially match the conjugate image of the three-color light source image. 14. An ellipsoidal mirror (12), a light source (11) near its first focus, and a cone (13) near its second focus in the light source optical system. (13) is a light-transmitting cone-shaped prism, wherein the cone surface of the cone-shaped prism has a vertex angle αp of 90 to 175 ° or a convex cone prism having a vertex angle βp of 185 to 270 °. 14. The projection type color liquid crystal display device according to claim 12, wherein the projection type color liquid crystal display device is a concave pyramidal prism.