JPH0989919A - Device for measuring wind direction and wind velocity - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small-sized wind direction and velocity measuring device which can measure an arbitrary wind direction and a wind velocity. SOLUTION: A wind direction and velocity measuring device comprises a measuring body 11 having a three-dimensional shape so as to receive at their outer surface a wind from an arbitrary direction and provided with a plurality of pressure sensors 12, a support member 13 made of thin wires and attaching the measuring body 11 to a structure, and a computing part 30 for computing a wind direction and a wind velocity from air pressures detected by the plurality of sensors 12.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wind direction and wind speed measuring device for measuring a wind direction and a wind speed from an arbitrary direction.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional wind direction wind speed measuring device, for example, a wind turbine type self-recording wind direction anemometer is used, in which the wind direction and the output of the wind speed are separated, and the wind direction is a potentiometer which is interlocked with a vertical axis. The wind speed is measured by a tachometer that works with a rotating shaft such as a propeller. On the other hand, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-52864, wind pressure is detected by four pressure sensors provided with their sensing surfaces oriented in the four lateral directions, and a calculator is used based on the detected wind pressure. A technique relating to a wind direction and anemometer for calculating a wind direction and a wind speed is disclosed.

[0003]

However, in the conventional wind turbine type self-recording wind anemometer, the structure is complicated and expensive because of the strong structure and the possibility of freezing, and the four pressure sensors are used. Since the wind direction anemometer is provided in four lateral directions, it is suitable for measuring the lateral wind direction and wind speed, but cannot measure the wind direction and wind speed in any other direction.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a wind direction and wind speed measuring device capable of measuring a wind direction and a wind speed in an arbitrary direction.

[0005]

To achieve the above object, the wind direction measuring device of the present invention comprises a plurality of pressures having a three-dimensional shape and receiving a wind from any direction on its peripheral surface. A measuring unit including a measuring main body provided with a sensor and a supporting member for attaching the measuring main body to a structure with a thin wire rod, and a calculation for calculating the wind direction and the wind speed by the wind pressure detected by the plurality of pressure sensors. And a section. The wind direction and the wind speed are measured by detecting the wind pressure with a plurality of pressure sensors of the measurement unit and calculating the wind pressure detected by each pressure sensor as a vector amount in the calculation unit.

It is preferable that the measuring main body is a hexahedron and a pressure sensor is provided on each surface of the measuring main body in order to detect a wind from any direction. It is preferable that the measurement main body is a sphere and that a pressure sensor is provided on the surface of the measurement main body because the influence of turbulence of wind can be reduced. It is preferable that the structure is a stationary body because it can detect wind from any direction at a fixed place. The structure is a moving body, and the calculation unit may calculate the wind direction and the wind speed based on the angle detected by the azimuth meter mounted on the moving body, even if the moving body changes direction. And is preferable in that the wind speed can be measured. The structure is a moving body, and the calculating unit calculates the wind direction and the wind speed based on the tilt angle detected by the inclinometer mounted on the moving body and the angle detected by the azimuth meter. Is preferable in that the wind direction and the wind speed can be measured even if it is inclined or the direction is changed. The calculation unit has a storage unit that stores data obtained by experimentally determining the relationship between the pressure ratio between the pressure sensors, the tilt angle detected by the inclinometer, and the wind direction and wind speed, and the data of the storage unit. It is preferable that the wind direction and the wind speed are calculated by comparing with the actual measurement data in order to obtain an accurate wind direction and wind speed. The measurement body is formed in a hollow body through which air flows, a temperature sensor is arranged inside the hollow body, and the calculation unit uses the characteristic value of air corresponding to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor,
It is preferable to calculate the wind direction and the wind speed from the wind pressures detected by the plurality of pressure sensors, because the wind direction and the wind speed corresponding to the temperature of the air can be obtained.

[0007]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a wind direction and wind speed measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a measuring unit of the wind direction and wind speed measuring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a wind direction and wind speed measuring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. For explaining the relationship between the measurement unit and the azimuth, FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the lateral inclination of the measurement unit of the wind direction and wind speed measurement apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is the measurement for the wind direction and wind speed measurement apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the inclination in the front-back direction, and FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the relationship with the wind direction of the measurement unit of the wind direction wind speed measurement device according to the present embodiment.

In these drawings, the wind direction and wind speed measuring device 1 of the present embodiment is provided as a moving body on, for example, a hull 2, and is attached to a predetermined position of the hull 2 whose wind direction and wind speed are to be measured. The measuring unit 10, the inclinometer 21 for detecting the lateral and longitudinal inclination angles of the hull 2, and the hull 2
Azimuth meter 22 for detecting the angle between the direction of travel and the azimuth
And a calculation unit 30 that calculates the wind direction and the wind speed from the pressure received from the wind detected by the measurement unit 10, the inclination angle of the hull 2 detected by the inclinometer 21, and the angle detected by the azimuth meter 22.

The measuring unit 10 has, for example, a pressure sensor 12 at the center of each surface of a measuring main body 11 composed of a hexahedron.
And a support member 13 for supporting the measurement main body 11 and for attaching to the hull 2. The measurement main body 11 is a relatively small cube having a size suitable for providing the pressure sensor 12 and formed of a hexahedron orthogonal to the X, Y, and Z axes, and has a square shape so that turbulent flow does not occur in the wind passing therearound. It is preferable that the portion is formed in a spherical shape. One pressure sensor 12 is provided on each of the 6 planes of the measurement main body 11, and pressure sensors 12x and 12x ′ are provided on a surface orthogonal to the X axis, pressure sensors 12y provided on a surface orthogonal to the Y axis, It is composed of six sensors, 12y 'and pressure sensors 12z, 12z' provided on a surface orthogonal to the Z axis. Each pressure sensor 12 uses, for example, a disk-shaped strain gauge having the same diameter, and outputs the wind pressure received by the surface of the pressure sensor 12 as a change in electrical characteristics such as resistance. The support member 13 is formed of a thin wire rod, and has four wire portions 13a formed radially from the center of the four sides of the measurement main body 11 and an annular shape that connects the end portions of these four wire portions 13a. The wire portion 13b and the wire portion 13c for attaching to the hull 2 which is a structure connected to the lower portion of the wire portion 13b. This support member 13
The wire portions 13a, 13b, 13c constituting the
It is a wire rod that can firmly support the measuring main body 11 such as a rigid thin piano wire, and its shape is the measuring main body 11.
It is preferably formed so as not to disturb the flow of wind passing around. In addition, each pressure sensor 1 of the measurement body 11
From 2, a lead wire (not shown) is led out along the radial wire portion 13a, the annular wire portion 13b, and the attachment wire portion 13c of the support member 13, so that an electric signal is transmitted to the calculation unit 30. Has become. Such measuring unit 1
0 is, for example, the X axis of the measurement body 11 is parallel to the center line of the hull 2, the Y axis is parallel to the horizontal line orthogonal to the center line of the hull 2, and the Z axis is vertical to the hull 2. It is attached so that it is parallel to the line.

The inclinometer 21 is mounted on the hull 2,
The inclination angle generated by the inclination of the hull 2 is detected as an electric signal. This inclination angle is an inclination angle γ with respect to a horizontal plane in the lateral direction (Y-axis direction) orthogonal to the traveling direction of the hull 2 as shown in FIG. 4, and the front-back direction (X direction) of the traveling direction of the hull 2 as shown in FIG. It is the inclination angle β with respect to the horizontal plane (in the axial direction). The tilt angle detected by the inclinometer 21 is transmitted to the calculation unit 30 as an electric signal.

The compass 22 is mounted on the hull 2,
The angle between the traveling direction and the azimuth of the hull 2 is detected as an electric signal, and for example, a gyro is used. This angle is an angle α between the traveling direction (X-axis direction) and the azimuth of the hull 2, as shown in FIG. The angle detected by the azimuth meter 22 is transmitted to the calculation unit 30 as an electric signal.

The arithmetic section 30 converts an analog signal from an analog value into a digital value, and an amplifier 31 for amplifying the electric signal corresponding to the wind pressure detected by the six pressure sensors 12 of the measuring section 10 and the electric signal amplified by the amplifier 31. A / D converter 32 that
A central processing unit (CPU) that takes in the digital value converted by the A / D converter 32, the tilt angle detected by the inclinometer 21 and the angle detected by the azimuth meter 22 and calculates the wind direction and the wind speed by a predetermined program. 33, a storage unit 34 that stores data required for a predetermined program or calculation, and a CP
The display 35 and the like for displaying the wind direction and the wind speed calculated in U33 so that they can be viewed.

Next, the hull 2 forms an angle α with respect to the reference azimuth.
So, for example, when traveling in the southeast direction, the measuring unit 1
FIG. 6 shows an example of calculation of the wind direction and the wind speed when the wind with the wind speed V blows from the direction of the angle δ with respect to the X axis of the measurement main body 11 of 0. In order to simplify the explanation of the calculation principle, it is assumed that the hull 2 is not inclined and that the wind pressures P1 and P2 are generated only at the two pressure sensors 12x and 12y facing the wind.

Generally, assuming that the density of air is ρ, the wind speed is V, the resistance coefficient is Cd, and the representative area of the sensor is S, the pressure applied to the sensor is P = 0.5 · (ρ · V ² · Cd · S). It is known. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
The wind pressures P1 and P2 when the wind with the wind speed V is blowing on the pressure sensors 12x and 12y having the representative area S from the direction of the angle δ with respect to the axis are the calculation formulas (1) and (2) in Table 1, respectively. become. Therefore, the pressure ratio R = P1 / P2
Becomes like the calculation formula (3) of Table 1, and the wind speed V is shown in Table 1.
The calculation formula (4) becomes

[0015]

[Table 1]

That is, the pressure sensors 12x and 12y amplify the electric signals corresponding to the wind pressures P1 and P2, respectively, by the amplifier 31.
After being amplified by, the analog value is converted into a digital value by the A / D converter 32 and taken into the CPU 33, and the pressure ratio R is obtained, the angle δ is obtained from the calculation formula (3) in Table 1, and then Table 1 The wind speed V can be obtained from the equation (4).
The angle δ and the wind speed V thus obtained are displayed on the display 35. In the above formula, the pressure sensor 12
This is an example of two dimensions of the X and Y planes in which the wind pressure is applied only to x and 12y, but in the case of wind blowing from any direction,
The wind direction and the wind speed can be obtained by calculating the vector component of the wind speed for the pressure sensor that receives the wind pressure. In the above calculation, an example in which the tilt angles β and γ detected by the inclinometer 21 and the angle α of the azimuth meter 22 are not taken into consideration has been described. The wind direction and the wind speed can be calculated when the hull 2 is not tilted by correcting the tilt angles β and γ, and the angle detected by the compass 22 in the wind direction obtained from the calculation result. By adding the correction of α, the absolute wind direction corresponding to the azimuth can be obtained.

Further, in each of the above formulas, changes in the density ρ and the resistance coefficient Cd, which are characteristic values of air due to the temperature, or a negative pressure in the pressure sensor 12 that does not face the wind of the measurement main body 11, and these influences Therefore, the value may differ from the theoretical value. Therefore, the pressure ratio R between each pressure sensor
And the relationship between the inclination angles β and γ, the wind direction angle δ, and the wind speed V are experimentally obtained, and these values are stored in the storage unit 34, so that the values are stored in the storage unit 34 at the time of calculation by the CPU 33. be able to.

According to the wind direction and wind speed measuring device 1 having the above structure,
Measurement body 11 having pressure sensors 12 on each surface of a hexahedron
Is attached in a fixed direction to the hull 2 with a support member 13 made of a thin wire rod, and an electric signal relating to the wind pressure detected by the pressure sensor 12 is taken into the arithmetic unit 30 and the same hull 2
Based on the inclination angle detected by the inclinometer 21 mounted on the vehicle and the angle detected by the azimuth meter 22, the wind direction and speed of the wind blown from any direction can be calculated. The measurement body 11 provided with the pressure sensor 12 is a relatively small cube suitable for providing the pressure sensor 12,
Since the corners are formed in a spherical shape and the support member 13 that supports the measurement main body 11 is formed of a wire having long and narrow rigidity, the flow of wind passing around the measurement main body 11 is not disturbed, It becomes possible to measure an accurate wind direction and wind speed, and it is possible to install the device in a small size and at any place. In addition, in the present embodiment, the calculation unit 30 performs calculation based on the values detected by the inclinometer 21 and the compass 22 mounted on the hull 2 that is a moving body, so that the hull 2
The correct wind direction and wind speed can be obtained even when the vehicle tilts or faces a predetermined direction with respect to the azimuth. Further, if experimental data on the relationship between the wind direction and the wind speed, the pressure ratio detected by the plurality of pressure sensors 12 and the tilt angle detected by the inclinometer 21 is stored in the storage unit 34 in advance,
The CPU 33 calculates with reference to the stored value and the actually measured pressure ratio and inclination angle, so that the wind direction and the wind speed can be obtained more accurately than in the case of only theoretical calculation. The wind direction and wind speed obtained by the wind direction and wind speed measuring device of the present embodiment are values observed from the hull 2.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a measuring section of a wind direction and wind speed measuring apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of the measuring section of FIG. 7 taken along the XZ plane. The parts corresponding to those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.

The measuring unit 40 of this embodiment has six pressure sensors 12x, 12x ', 12y, 12y', 12z, 12 on each surface of the measuring body 11 composed of the same hexahedron as described above.
z ′ is provided, and a support member 13 for supporting the measurement main body 11 and for attaching to the hull 2 is provided. Further, the measurement main body 11 is formed in a hollow cube, a temperature sensor 42 for detecting the temperature is arranged in a mounting portion 11a provided inside the measurement main body 11, and a surface (4 places) orthogonal to the X axis and the Y axis is arranged. ) Is formed with a window 41, and external wind is allowed to flow through the window 41 into the hollow cube. The window portion 41 has a large number of laterally long holes 41a formed on the surface of the measurement main body 11, and an eaves portion 41b protruding obliquely downward is formed outside the holes 41a. Such a window portion 41 is formed, for example, by punching out an eaves portion 41b having the size of the hole 41a from the inner side of the measurement main body 11. The pressure sensor 12 is provided at the tip of the eaves portion 41b on the surface where the window portion 41 is formed. That is, in the measurement main body 11, the wind freely flows from the lateral direction to the inside of the hollow body through the hole 41 a of the window 41, and the temperature of the wind is detected by the temperature sensor 42. Then, the electric signals detected by the pressure sensor 12 and the temperature sensor 42 are transmitted to the arithmetic unit 30 as in the above embodiment. In the calculation unit 30, the density ρ and the resistance coefficient Cd, which are the characteristic values of air, are obtained from a calculation formula set in advance as a temperature function, or the density ρ and the resistance coefficient Cd with respect to the temperature stored in the storage unit 34 in advance are calculated. Is read out and the wind direction and the wind speed are obtained from the wind pressure detected by the pressure sensor 12 using those values. The window 41 of the measurement main body 11 may be a hole having any shape as long as it is formed so that air can freely flow at least inside the hollow body. Further, when it is necessary to consider other characteristic values of air that change with temperature other than the density and the resistance coefficient when calculating the wind direction and the wind speed in the calculation unit 30, use such other characteristic values. You can also

In the measuring unit 40 having the above structure, the measuring main body 11
Is a hollow body and has a temperature sensor 42 disposed inside, and a window portion 41 is formed on a lateral surface, and external wind flows through the window portion 41 into the hollow body, and the temperature of the wind is detected by the temperature sensor 42. To be done. In the calculation unit 30, the density ρ of air, the resistance coefficient Cd, and the like corresponding to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 42 are obtained from a calculation formula, or read from the storage unit 34 that is stored in advance, and their values are obtained. The wind direction and the wind speed are obtained from the wind pressure detected by the pressure sensor 12 using. Therefore, the accurate wind direction and wind speed according to the temperature can be obtained. The measurement main body 11 has holes 41a of the window portion 41 formed on the lateral surfaces (four places), and the holes 4a
The obliquely downward facing eaves portion 41b is formed on the outer side of the la, so that rain falling from above is not blocked by the eaves portion 41b and enters the inside of the hollow body. Further, since the temperature sensor 42 is arranged inside the hollow body of the measurement main body 11, the temperature of the wind can be accurately detected without receiving direct sunlight.

In each of the above-mentioned embodiments, an example in which the wind direction and wind speed measuring device 1 is provided on the hull 2 has been described. However, it may be provided on another arbitrary moving body such as a vehicle moving on land, or the moving body. If the inclination of itself does not matter,
Only the compass 22 should be installed. Furthermore, when measuring the wind direction and wind speed in a fixed place, an inclinometer and an azimuth meter are unnecessary.

Further, the measuring main body 11 of the present embodiment has been described by taking a cube having six faces as an example, but a plurality of pressure sensors may be attached so that the wind from at least any direction can be detected. Any three-dimensional object can be used,
A sphere or the like is also preferable, the number of pressure sensors is not limited to six, and more may be provided, and the mounting angle can be arbitrarily set according to the three-dimensional object. Further, the measurement main body 11 itself may be attached in a fixed and fixed direction with respect to the moving body or the structure at a fixed place.

[0024]

As described above, according to the wind direction and wind speed measuring device of the present invention, the wind direction and the wind speed of the wind from any direction can be easily measured, and the measuring main body can be formed in a small size. Easy to install.
If it is attached to a moving body and the wind direction and wind speed are calculated based on an inclinometer or azimuth meter, accurate wind direction and wind speed can be easily measured even if the moving body is tilted or the moving direction is changed. Further, if the temperature of the wind can be detected, more accurate wind direction and wind speed can be measured.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a wind direction and wind speed measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a measuring unit of the wind direction and wind speed measuring device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a measurement unit and an azimuth of the wind direction and wind speed measuring device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a lateral inclination of a measuring unit of the wind direction and wind speed measuring device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an inclination in the front-rear direction of the measuring unit of the wind direction and wind speed measuring device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the wind direction and the wind direction of the measuring unit of the wind direction and wind speed measuring device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a measuring unit of a wind direction and wind speed measuring device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the measuring unit of FIG. 7 taken along the XZ plane.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Wind direction wind velocity measuring device 2 Hull 10 Measuring part 11 Measuring main body 12 Pressure sensor 13 Supporting member 21 Inclinometer 22 Compass meter 30 Computational part 31 Amplifier 32 A / D converter 33 Central processing unit (CPU) 34 Storage part 35 Indicator 40 Measuring part 41 Window part 41a Hole 41b Eaves part 42 Temperature sensor

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A measuring main body having a three-dimensional shape and provided with a plurality of pressure sensors on a peripheral surface thereof for receiving a wind from an arbitrary direction, and a measuring wire attached to a structure with a thin wire rod supporting the measuring main body. A wind direction and wind speed measuring device including a measuring unit including a supporting member for calculating a wind direction and a wind speed based on wind pressures detected by the plurality of pressure sensors. 2. The wind direction and wind speed measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the measurement main body is a hexahedron, and a pressure sensor is provided on each surface thereof. 3. The wind direction and wind speed measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the measurement main body is a sphere, and a pressure sensor is provided on the surface thereof. 4. The wind direction and wind speed measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a stationary body. 5. The wind direction and wind speed measurement according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a moving body, and the calculation unit calculates the wind direction and the wind speed based on an angle detected by an azimuth meter mounted on the moving body. apparatus. 6. The structure is a moving body, and the computing unit calculates a wind direction and a wind speed based on an angle detected by an inclinometer mounted on the moving body and an angle detected by a tilt angle and an azimuth meter. The wind direction measuring device according to claim 1. 7. The storage unit stores a data obtained by experimentally determining a relationship between a pressure ratio between the pressure sensors, a tilt angle detected by the inclinometer, and a wind direction and a wind speed. The wind direction wind speed measuring device according to claim 6, wherein the wind direction and the wind speed are calculated by comparing the data in the storage unit with the measured data. 8. The measuring main body is formed in a hollow body through which air flows, a temperature sensor is arranged inside the hollow body, and the arithmetic unit is a characteristic of air corresponding to a temperature detected by the temperature sensor. The wind direction and wind speed measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the wind direction and the wind speed are calculated based on the wind pressures detected by the plurality of pressure sensors using the values.