JPH097615A - Gas plate for fuel cell, fuel cell and method of supplying gas to fuel cell - Google Patents
Gas plate for fuel cell, fuel cell and method of supplying gas to fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPH097615A JPH097615A JP7180824A JP18082495A JPH097615A JP H097615 A JPH097615 A JP H097615A JP 7180824 A JP7180824 A JP 7180824A JP 18082495 A JP18082495 A JP 18082495A JP H097615 A JPH097615 A JP H097615A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- groove
- fuel cell
- plate
- gas passage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、燃料電池用ガスプレー
ト、燃料電池及び燃料電池へのガス供給方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gas plate for a fuel cell, a fuel cell and a method for supplying gas to the fuel cell.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】図４、図５に示すように従来の燃料電池
用ガスプレート１は、表裏両面にガス通路溝２、２′が
相対向する入口マニホールド３、３′と出口マニホール
ド４、４′と直交してこの間に多数平行に配設されてい
て、ガス流の方向は一方向である。この為、上記ガスプ
レート１を用いて組み立てた図６の燃料電池17ではガス
通路溝２、２′の入口付近と出口付近では、ガス拡散多
孔質よりなる電極に供給されるガス量及びガス濃度が均
一とならず、入口側でガスが多く、出口側で少ない。そ
の結果、電極全面が使用されず、セル特性が低下した。
特に電極面積が大きい場合には、ガス通路溝２、２′の
入口側と出口側とで、ガス量とガス濃度の差が著しく大
きくなり、セル特性が大幅に低下した。また、ガス流量
によりガスが多く流れるガス流路溝２、２′と少なく流
れるガス流路溝２、２′とが発生した。この為、ガスプ
レート１の面でガスの濃度分布、圧力分布が生じ、セル
特性に悪影響を及ぼしていた。2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a conventional fuel cell gas plate 1 includes an inlet manifold 3 and 3'and outlet manifolds 4 and 4 having gas passage grooves 2 and 2'opposed on both front and back surfaces. A large number of gas flows are arranged in parallel with each other at right angles to the direction ', and the gas flow direction is one direction. Therefore, in the fuel cell 17 of FIG. 6 assembled using the gas plate 1, the gas amount and the gas concentration supplied to the electrode made of gas diffusion porous are near the inlet and the outlet of the gas passage grooves 2 and 2 '. Is not uniform, there is a large amount of gas on the inlet side and a small amount on the outlet side. As a result, the entire surface of the electrode was not used and the cell characteristics deteriorated.
Especially when the electrode area is large, the difference between the gas amount and the gas concentration between the inlet side and the outlet side of the gas passage grooves 2 and 2'becomes extremely large, and the cell characteristics are significantly deteriorated. Further, gas flow channels 2 and 2'where a large amount of gas flows and gas flow channels 2 and 2'where a small amount of gas flow depending on the gas flow rate. Therefore, a gas concentration distribution and a pressure distribution are generated on the surface of the gas plate 1, which adversely affects the cell characteristics.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】そこで本発明は、電極
面積を大きくした場合でも、ガスの供給が電極全体に均
一に行きわたり、電極全体が有効に利用できて、セル特
性を向上させることのできる燃料電池用ガスプレート、
燃料電池及び燃料電池へのガス供給方法を提供しようと
するものである。Therefore, the present invention aims to improve the cell characteristics by making the gas supply evenly over the entire electrode and effectively utilizing the entire electrode even when the electrode area is increased. Gas plate for fuel cell,
An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell and a gas supply method for the fuel cell.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するため
の本発明の燃料電池用ガスプレートは、表裏両面中央部
のガス通路溝を平行に多数回往復して連なる一本のガス
通路溝とし、このガス通路溝の溝幅を 0.5〜10mm、溝深
さを 0.1〜 3.0mm、往復する溝のピッチを 1.0〜20.0m
m、溝の全長を0.05〜 100ｍとしたことを特徴とするも
のである。A gas plate for a fuel cell according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a single gas passage groove formed by connecting the gas passage grooves at the central portions of the front and back surfaces to each other by reciprocating in parallel a number of times. , The groove width of this gas passage groove is 0.5 ~ 10mm, the groove depth is 0.1 ~ 3.0mm, the pitch of the reciprocating groove is 1.0 ~ 20.0m.
m, and the total length of the groove is 0.05 to 100 m.
【０００５】本発明の燃料電池は、上記構成のガスプレ
ートを用い、電極、冷却プレートと適宜積層して組み立
てたものである。本発明の燃料電池へのガス供給方法
は、上記構成のガスプレートを用い、電極、冷却プレー
トと適宜積層して組み立てた燃料電池へガスを供給する
に於いて、ガスプレート１枚の１本のガス通路溝に対
し、圧力５kg/cm2以下で且つ流量 0.1〜50l/min でガス
を供給することを特徴とするものである。The fuel cell of the present invention is constructed by using the gas plate having the above-mentioned structure and appropriately stacking the electrode and the cooling plate. The gas supply method for a fuel cell according to the present invention uses the gas plate having the above-mentioned configuration and supplies gas to a fuel cell assembled by appropriately stacking electrodes and cooling plates. The gas is supplied to the gas passage groove at a pressure of 5 kg / cm 2 or less and a flow rate of 0.1 to 50 l / min.
【０００６】前述の本発明の燃料電池用ガスプレートに
於いて、ガス通路溝の溝幅を 0.5〜10mmとした理由は、
0.5mmよりも狭くなると、圧力損失が高くなり、ガスが
流れにくくなり、10mmよりも広すぎると、集電、導電の
為の接触面積が少なくなり、抵抗が高くなって不利にな
るからである。また、溝深さを 0.1〜 3.0mmとした理由
は、 0.1mmよりも浅くなると、圧力損失が高くなり、ガ
スが流れにくくなり、3.0mmよりも深くなると、それに
応じてガスプレートの板厚が溝深さの 2.5〜３倍必要と
することから板厚が著しく厚くなり、これに伴い、電気
抵抗も大きくなって不利になるからである。さらに、往
復する溝のピッチを 1.0〜20.0mmとした理由は、溝幅に
対し山幅を狭くするためで、山幅が広いと、電極、カー
ボンペーパーとの接触面積が大きくなって抵抗値は低く
なるが、山部の中央部へガスが拡散していくことが難し
くなり、且つガスが流れる溝幅合計が小さくなって、ガ
スが流れにくくなり、逆に溝幅に対し山幅が極端に狭い
と、溝幅合計が大きくなり、ガスが流れ易くなるが、電
極、カーボンペーパーとの接触面積が小さくなって、抵
抗値が高くなる。しかし、 1.0〜20.0mmのピッチでは、
上記不都合が解消される。In the gas plate for a fuel cell of the present invention described above, the reason why the groove width of the gas passage groove is 0.5 to 10 mm is as follows.
If it is narrower than 0.5 mm, the pressure loss will be high and the gas will not flow easily, and if it is wider than 10 mm, the contact area for collecting and conducting will be small and the resistance will be high, which is disadvantageous. .. Also, the reason for setting the groove depth to 0.1 to 3.0 mm is that if it is shallower than 0.1 mm, the pressure loss increases and it becomes difficult for gas to flow, and if it is deeper than 3.0 mm, the plate thickness of the gas plate accordingly increases. This is because 2.5 to 3 times the groove depth is required, so that the plate thickness becomes remarkably thick, and along with this, the electrical resistance also becomes large, which is disadvantageous. Furthermore, the reason why the pitch of the reciprocating groove was set to 1.0 to 20.0 mm is to make the crest width narrower than the groove width.If the crest width is wide, the contact area with the electrode and carbon paper will be large, and the resistance value will be Although it becomes lower, it becomes difficult for the gas to diffuse to the central part of the mountain part, and the total groove width through which the gas flows becomes smaller, making it difficult for the gas to flow. If the width is narrow, the total groove width becomes large and the gas easily flows, but the contact area between the electrode and the carbon paper becomes small and the resistance value becomes high. However, with a pitch of 1.0 to 20.0 mm,
The above disadvantage is eliminated.
【０００７】前述の燃料電池へのガス供給方法に於い
て、ガスプレートのガス通路溝に対し、圧力５kg/cm2以
下でガスを供給する理由は、圧力５kg/cm2を超えると、
スタックのシール方法、耐圧の見直しが必要となり、コ
ストアップが避けられなくなるからである。In the above-described method of supplying gas to the fuel cell, the reason for supplying gas to the gas passage groove of the gas plate at a pressure of 5 kg / cm 2 or less is that the pressure exceeds 5 kg / cm 2 .
This is because it is necessary to review the stack sealing method and pressure resistance, and it is inevitable that costs will increase.
【０００８】また、ガスプレート１枚の１本のガス通路
溝に対し、流量 0.1〜50l/min でガスを供給する理由
は、 0.1l/min 未満では流量が少なくて、溝の全長にわ
たって電極全体にガスを行きわたらせるのが難しくな
り、50l/min を超えると、ガスの利用率が悪くなり、無
駄になる。Further, the reason for supplying gas at a flow rate of 0.1 to 50 l / min to one gas passage groove of one gas plate is that if the flow rate is less than 0.1 l / min, the flow rate is small and the entire electrode is covered over the entire length of the groove. It becomes difficult to spread the gas over, and when it exceeds 50 l / min, the gas utilization rate becomes poor and it is wasted.
【０００９】[0009]
【作用】前記のように構成された本発明の燃料電池用ガ
スプレートによれば、一本のガス通路溝の全長にわたっ
てガスを均等に流すことができるので、このガスプレー
トを用いて組み立てた本発明の燃料電池では電極面積を
大きくした場合でも電極全体にガスを均一に行きわたら
せることができて、電極全体を有効に利用できるので、
セル特性が向上する。また、前記のような本発明の燃料
電池へのガス供給方法によれば、効率良くガスを供給す
ることができて、ガスの利用率が向上し、セル特性が一
層向上する。According to the gas plate for a fuel cell of the present invention constructed as described above, a gas can be made to flow evenly over the entire length of one gas passage groove, so a book assembled using this gas plate. In the fuel cell of the invention, even when the electrode area is increased, the gas can be evenly distributed over the entire electrode, and the entire electrode can be effectively used.
Cell characteristics are improved. Further, according to the gas supply method for a fuel cell of the present invention as described above, the gas can be efficiently supplied, the gas utilization rate is improved, and the cell characteristics are further improved.
【００１０】[0010]
【実施例】本発明の燃料電池用ガスプレートの一実施例
と従来例の燃料電池用ガスプレートについて説明する。
先ず、実施例について説明すると、図１に示すように厚
さ 3.0mm、一辺 120mmの方形のガスプレート10の表面中
央部に横向き平行に多数回、本例の場合 8.5回往復して
連なる１本のＨ2 ガスのガス通路溝11を設けて、その両
端に入口マニホールド12、出口マニホールド13を設けて
ある。ガス通路溝11は、溝幅が 2.0mm、溝深さが 1.0m
m、往復する溝のピッチが 3.0mm、溝の全長が１ｍであ
る。また、図２に示すようにガスプレート10の裏面中央
部に、縦向き平行に 8.5回往復して連なる１本のＯ2 ガ
スのガス通路11′を設けて、その両端に入口マニホール
ド12′、出口マニホールド13′を設けてある。ガス通路
溝11′は、前記ガス通路溝11と同一寸法である。EXAMPLE An example of a fuel cell gas plate of the present invention and a conventional fuel cell gas plate will be described.
First, the embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, a rectangular gas plate 10 having a thickness of 3.0 mm and a side of 120 mm is laterally parallel to the central portion of the surface a number of times, and in the case of this example, one reciprocating 8.5 times. A gas passage groove 11 for H 2 gas is provided, and an inlet manifold 12 and an outlet manifold 13 are provided at both ends thereof. The gas passage groove 11 has a groove width of 2.0 mm and a groove depth of 1.0 m.
The pitch of the reciprocating groove is 3.0 mm, and the total length of the groove is 1 m. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, one gas passage 11 'for O 2 gas is provided in the central portion of the back surface of the gas plate 10 in a vertical direction in a reciprocating manner 8.5 times, and an inlet manifold 12' is provided at both ends thereof. An outlet manifold 13 'is provided. The gas passage groove 11 ′ has the same size as the gas passage groove 11.
【００１１】次に従来例について説明すると、図４に示
すように厚さ 4.0mm、一辺 120mmの方形のガスプレート
１の表面中央部に、Ｈ2 ガスのガス通路溝２が左右の相
対向する入口マニホールド３と出口マニホールド４と直
交してこの間に17本配設されている。このガス通路溝２
は、溝幅が 2.0mm、溝深さが 1.0mm、溝のピッチが3.0m
m、各溝の長さが夫々50.0mmである。また、図５に示す
ようにガスプレート１の裏面中央部に、Ｏ2 ガスのガス
通路溝２′が上下の相対向する入口マニホールド３′と
出口マニホールド４′と直交して17本配設されている。
このガス通路溝２′は、前記ガス通路溝２と同一寸法で
ある。Next, a conventional example will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, a gas passage groove 2 for H 2 gas is opposed to each other at the center of the surface of a rectangular gas plate 1 having a thickness of 4.0 mm and a side of 120 mm. Seventeen units are arranged orthogonally to the inlet manifold 3 and the outlet manifold 4 and between them. This gas passage groove 2
Has a groove width of 2.0 mm, groove depth of 1.0 mm, and groove pitch of 3.0 m
m, the length of each groove is 50.0 mm. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, in the central portion of the back surface of the gas plate 1, 17 O 2 gas gas passage grooves 2 ′ are disposed orthogonally to the upper and lower inlet manifolds 3 ′ and outlet manifolds 4 ′. ing.
The gas passage groove 2 ′ has the same size as the gas passage groove 2.
【００１２】然してこれら実施例及び従来例の燃料電池
用ガスプレートを用い図３、６に示すように４層の燃料
電池16、17を組み立て、この燃料電池16、17のガスプレ
ート10、１のガス通路溝11、２にＨ2 ガスを圧力 0.1kg
/cm2、流量１l/min で供給した。However, using the gas plates for fuel cells of these examples and conventional examples, four-layer fuel cells 16, 17 are assembled as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, and the gas plates 10, 1 of the fuel cells 16, 17 are assembled. H 2 gas pressure of 0.1 kg in the gas passage grooves 11 and 2
/ cm 2, was fed at a flow rate of 1l / min.
【００１３】その結果、実施例ではガスプレート10のガ
ス通路溝11に於けるガス圧力を測定した処、全長にわた
って均一で、平行する各溝にはガスが均等に流れ、電極
全体にガスを行きわたらせることができ、ガス流量を多
くしても同様であった。As a result, in the embodiment, when the gas pressure in the gas passage groove 11 of the gas plate 10 was measured, the gas was evenly distributed in the entire length and parallel to each other, and the gas was distributed to the entire electrode. The same was true even if the gas flow rate was increased.
【００１４】然るに、従来例ではガスプレート１のガス
通路溝２に於けるガスの流れを確認した処、各溝のうち
でガスが流れているのは４本のみで、他の13本はガスが
流れていなかった。ガス流量を３l/min 以上に上げた
処、ようやく各溝にガスが流れるようになった。However, in the conventional example, when the flow of the gas in the gas passage groove 2 of the gas plate 1 was confirmed, only four gas flows in each groove, and the other 13 gas flows. Was not flowing. When the gas flow rate was increased to 3 l / min or more, the gas finally came to flow in each groove.
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の効果】以上の説明で判るように本発明の燃料電
池用ガスプレートによれば、１本のガス通路溝の全長に
わたってガスを均等に流すことができるので、このガス
プレートを用いて組み立てた本発明の燃料電池では、電
極面積を大きくした場合でも、電極全体に均一にガスを
行きわたらせることができ、電極全体を有効に利用でき
るので、セル特性が向上する。また、本発明の燃料電池
へのガス供給方法によれば、効率良くガスを供給するこ
とができて、ガスの利用率が向上し、セル特性が一層向
上する。As can be seen from the above description, according to the fuel cell gas plate of the present invention, the gas can be made to flow evenly over the entire length of one gas passage groove, and therefore the gas plate can be used for assembly. Further, in the fuel cell of the present invention, even when the electrode area is increased, the gas can be uniformly distributed over the entire electrode, and the entire electrode can be effectively utilized, so that the cell characteristics are improved. Further, according to the gas supply method for a fuel cell of the present invention, the gas can be efficiently supplied, the gas utilization rate is improved, and the cell characteristics are further improved.
【図１】本発明の燃料電池用ガスプレートの表面を示す
図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a surface of a gas plate for a fuel cell of the present invention.
【図２】図１の燃料電池用ガスプレートの裏面を示す図
である。FIG. 2 is a view showing the back surface of the gas plate for a fuel cell shown in FIG.
【図３】図１のガスプレートを用いて組み立てた本発明
の燃料電池を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a fuel cell of the present invention assembled using the gas plate of FIG.
【図４】従来の燃料電池用ガスプレートの表面を示す図
である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a surface of a conventional gas plate for a fuel cell.
【図５】図４の燃料電池用ガスプレートの裏面を示す図
である。5 is a view showing a back surface of the fuel cell gas plate of FIG. 4. FIG.
【図６】図４のガスプレートを用いて組み立てた従来の
燃料電池を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a view showing a conventional fuel cell assembled using the gas plate of FIG.
10 ガスプレート 11、11′ ガス通路溝 12、12′ 入口マニホールド 13、13′ 出口マニホールド 16、17 燃料電池 10 Gas plate 11, 11 'Gas passage groove 12, 12' Inlet manifold 13, 13 'Outlet manifold 16, 17 Fuel cell
Claims (3)
両面中央部のガス通路溝を、平行に多数回往復して連な
る一本のガス通路溝とし、このガス通路溝の溝幅を 0.5
〜10mm、溝深さを 0.1〜 3.0mm、往復する溝のピッチを
1.0〜20.0mm、溝の全長を0.05〜 100ｍとしたことを特
徴とする燃料電池用ガスプレート。1. In a gas plate for a fuel cell, the gas passage groove at the center of both front and back surfaces is a single gas passage groove that reciprocates in parallel a number of times, and the groove width of the gas passage groove is 0.5.
~ 10 mm, groove depth 0.1 ~ 3.0 mm, pitch of reciprocating groove
A gas plate for a fuel cell, which has a groove length of 1.0 to 20.0 mm and an overall groove length of 0.05 to 100 m.
多数回往復して連なる一本のガス通路溝とし、このガス
通路溝の溝幅を 0.5〜10.0mm、溝深さを 0.1〜 3.0mm、
往復する溝のピッチを 1.0〜20.0mm、溝の全長を0.05〜
100ｍとしたガスプレートを用い、電極、冷却プレート
と適宜積層して組み立てたことを特徴とする燃料電池。2. The gas passage groove in the central portion of both front and back sides is a single gas passage groove that is reciprocated in parallel a number of times, and has a groove width of 0.5 to 10.0 mm and a groove depth of 0.1 to. 3.0 mm,
The pitch of the reciprocating groove is 1.0 to 20.0 mm, and the total length of the groove is 0.05 to
A fuel cell characterized by being assembled by appropriately stacking electrodes and cooling plates using a gas plate of 100 m.
多数回往復して連なる一本のガス通路溝とし、このガス
通路溝の溝幅を 0.5〜10mm、溝深さを 0.1〜3.0mm、往
復する溝のピッチを 1.0〜20.0mmとし、溝の全長を0.05
〜 100ｍとしたガスプレートを用い、電極、冷却プレー
トと適宜積層して組み立てた燃料電池にガスを供給する
に於いて、前記ガスプレート１枚の１本のガス通路溝に
対し、圧力５kg/cm2以下で且つ流量 0.1〜50l/min でガ
スを供給することを特徴とする燃料電池へのガス供給方
法。3. The gas passage groove at the center of both the front and back sides is a single gas passage groove that reciprocates in parallel a number of times, and has a groove width of 0.5 to 10 mm and a groove depth of 0.1 to 3.0. mm, the pitch of the reciprocating groove is 1.0 to 20.0 mm, and the total length of the groove is 0.05
When supplying gas to a fuel cell assembled by appropriately stacking an electrode and a cooling plate using a gas plate having a length of up to 100 m, a pressure of 5 kg / cm is applied to one gas passage groove of the gas plate. A method of supplying gas to a fuel cell, characterized in that gas is supplied at a flow rate of 0.1 to 50 l / min at 2 or less.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7180824A JPH097615A (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1995-06-23 | Gas plate for fuel cell, fuel cell and method of supplying gas to fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7180824A JPH097615A (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1995-06-23 | Gas plate for fuel cell, fuel cell and method of supplying gas to fuel cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH097615A true JPH097615A (en) | 1997-01-10 |
Family
ID=16090003
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7180824A Pending JPH097615A (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1995-06-23 | Gas plate for fuel cell, fuel cell and method of supplying gas to fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH097615A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000041260A3 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2000-11-30 | Ballard Power Systems | Fuel cell fluid flow field plate and methods of making fuel cell flow field plates |
| WO2001041231A3 (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2002-01-24 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Current and gas distributing structure for electrochemical cells |
| CN1330029C (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2007-08-01 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | Fuel cell system and stack used therein |
-
1995
- 1995-06-23 JP JP7180824A patent/JPH097615A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000041260A3 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2000-11-30 | Ballard Power Systems | Fuel cell fluid flow field plate and methods of making fuel cell flow field plates |
| WO2001041231A3 (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2002-01-24 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Current and gas distributing structure for electrochemical cells |
| DE19958405B4 (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2006-08-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Electrochemical cell |
| CN1330029C (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2007-08-01 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | Fuel cell system and stack used therein |
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