JPH0972506A - Fuel supply nozzle - Google Patents

Fuel supply nozzle

Info

Publication number
JPH0972506A
JPH0972506A JP23114895A JP23114895A JPH0972506A JP H0972506 A JPH0972506 A JP H0972506A JP 23114895 A JP23114895 A JP 23114895A JP 23114895 A JP23114895 A JP 23114895A JP H0972506 A JPH0972506 A JP H0972506A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fuel
fuel supply
nozzle
supply nozzle
particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP23114895A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3349305B2 (en
Inventor
Kenji Tagashira
田頭  健二
Kazuyuki Akemochi
明用  和幸
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd filed Critical Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority to JP23114895A priority Critical patent/JP3349305B2/en
Publication of JPH0972506A publication Critical patent/JPH0972506A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3349305B2 publication Critical patent/JP3349305B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the sticking or seizure of fuel particles to the inner surface of a nozzle by suppressing the overheat of a pocket part at the upstream of a fuel injection hole in a fuel supply nozzle for supplying pneumatically conveyed powder fuel to the bottom of a fluidized-bed combustion chamber. SOLUTION: A vacant chamber 26 made of heat resistant material is provided at the top of a nozzle body 20 having a pocket part 24, and a communicating hole 27 is opened. Thus, fluidized material of thermal insulator is introduced into the chamber 26 via the hole 27 to reduce the heat quantity to be transferred to the part 24.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、燃料を固気混相流
として燃焼室内に供給する燃料供給ノズルに関するもの
であって、流動層ボイラ等に適用される。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel supply nozzle for supplying fuel into a combustion chamber as a solid-gas multiphase flow, and is applied to a fluidized bed boiler or the like.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】図4は循環流動層ボイラの一例を示す概
要図、図5は図4中の燃料室(1)の下部を示す平面図
である。循環流動層ボイラは、燃焼室(1)、サイクロ
ン(2)、流動層熱交換器(3)、スタンドパイプ
(4)の主要部分から構成されている。
2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, and FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a lower portion of a fuel chamber (1) in FIG. The circulating fluidized bed boiler is composed of a combustion chamber (1), a cyclone (2), a fluidized bed heat exchanger (3), and a stand pipe (4).

【0003】燃焼用の空気はブロア(5a)により空気
ノズル(13)から燃焼室(1)内へ供給され、高速流
動層と呼ばれる流動状態を形成している。燃焼室(1)
内へはまた、ブロア(5b)により二次空気が供給され
る。更にブロア(5c)により流動層熱交換器(3)の
下方から流動化空気が供給されて、ここも流動状態とな
っている。
Combustion air is supplied from the air nozzle (13) into the combustion chamber (1) by the blower (5a) and forms a fluidized state called a high-speed fluidized bed. Combustion chamber (1)
Secondary air is also supplied to the inside by a blower (5b). Further, fluidized air is supplied from below the fluidized bed heat exchanger (3) by the blower (5c), which is also in a fluidized state.

【0004】一方燃料は、ブロア(5d)から供給され
る空気により、燃料供給装置(6a)、(6b)、搬送
管(7)を経て燃料供給ノズル(8)から燃焼室(1)
内へ供給される。燃焼室(1)内の珪砂などの流動材の
一部は、未燃の燃料とともに燃焼ガスによってサイクロ
ン(2)へ運ばれる。そしてこのサイクロン(2)で燃
焼ガスと流動材等固形分とが分離され、ガスは対流伝熱
面(9)、バグフィルタ(10)、誘引ファン(11)
を経て煙突(12)から放出される。サイクロン(2)
で分離された流動材等固形分は、スタンドパイプ(4)
を経て流動層熱交換器(3)に入り、同熱交換器(3)
内の隔壁(16a)、(16b)等を順次乗越えつつ伝
熱面で冷却された後、燃焼室(1)へ再循環する。また
不燃分などの粒子は、灰取出口(14)を経て、必要に
応じ灰抜出装置(15)から排出される。
On the other hand, the fuel is supplied from the blower (5d) through the fuel supply devices (6a), (6b) and the transfer pipe (7) from the fuel supply nozzle (8) to the combustion chamber (1).
Is supplied in. Part of the fluid such as silica sand in the combustion chamber (1) is carried to the cyclone (2) by the combustion gas together with the unburned fuel. Combustion gas and solids such as fluid are separated by this cyclone (2), and the gas is convection heat transfer surface (9), bag filter (10), induction fan (11).
And is emitted from the chimney (12). Cyclone (2)
The solid contents such as fluidized material separated by the stand pipe (4)
After entering the fluidized bed heat exchanger (3), the same heat exchanger (3)
The internal partition walls (16a), (16b), etc. are successively crossed over, cooled by the heat transfer surface, and then recirculated to the combustion chamber (1). In addition, particles such as incombustibles are discharged from the ash extraction device (15) as needed via the ash extraction port (14).

【0005】図6は従来の燃料供給ノズル(8)の一例
を示す詳細断面図である。耐熱合金製のノズル本体(3
0)には、燃料供給孔(31)に交叉し接続する燃料噴
出孔(32)が穿設されている。燃料噴出孔(32)内
には、摩耗防止のためにセラミック製のスリーブ(3
3)が嵌装されている。上記燃料供給孔(31)の先端
部には、スリーブ(33)の加工面からの制限ならびに
熱応力による損傷防止のためにポケット部(34)が形
成されている。
FIG. 6 is a detailed sectional view showing an example of a conventional fuel supply nozzle (8). Heat resistant alloy nozzle body (3
0) is provided with a fuel injection hole (32) which intersects and is connected to the fuel supply hole (31). A ceramic sleeve (3) is provided in the fuel injection hole (32) to prevent wear.
3) is fitted. A pocket portion (34) is formed at the tip of the fuel supply hole (31) in order to limit the sleeve (33) from the processed surface and prevent damage due to thermal stress.

【0006】[0006]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】前記従来の燃料供給ノ
ズルには次のような解決すべき課題があった。すなわ
ち、セラミックス等の破損しやすい材料を使用するた
め、加工上の制限や運用中の熱応力による破損を防止す
るために、ノズル本体(30)の中央部にポケット部
(34)を設ける必要がある。
The above-mentioned conventional fuel supply nozzle has the following problems to be solved. That is, since a material that is easily damaged such as ceramics is used, it is necessary to provide a pocket portion (34) at the center of the nozzle body (30) in order to prevent damage due to processing restrictions and thermal stress during operation. is there.

【0007】ところが、発明者らの実験によれば上記ポ
ケット部(34)内面と固気混相流との間における熱交
換は非常に悪く、熱伝達率は、せいぜい20W/m2・K 程
度であることが確認された。このため、ポケット部(3
4)は常に高温にさらされていることになる。そして、
このポケット部に滞留した燃料粒子(35)が更新され
るためには2〜3秒程度必要であることもわかった。
However, according to the experiments by the inventors, the heat exchange between the inner surface of the pocket (34) and the solid-gas multiphase flow is very poor, and the heat transfer coefficient is about 20 W / m 2 · K at most. It was confirmed that there is. Therefore, the pocket (3
4) is always exposed to high temperature. And
It was also found that it takes about 2 to 3 seconds for the fuel particles (35) retained in the pockets to be renewed.

【0008】したがって、このようなノズルを温度80
0〜900℃で運転される流動層装置に使用すると、上
記ポケット部(34)に滞留した粒子(35)がノズル
本体(20)により熱せられてポケット部(34)に付
着し、遂にはノズルを閉塞してしまう結果となる。
Therefore, such a nozzle is heated to a temperature of 80.
When used in a fluidized bed apparatus operated at 0 to 900 ° C., the particles (35) retained in the pocket portion (34) are heated by the nozzle body (20) and adhere to the pocket portion (34), and finally the nozzle. Will result in blockage.

【0009】[0009]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は、前記従来の
課題を解決するために、粉体燃料をその搬送気体ととも
に流動層燃焼室の底部に供給する燃料供給ノズルにおい
て、ほぼ水平方向に形成された燃料噴出孔の上方に、流
動材の粒子が出入りできる開口を有する空室が設けられ
たことを特徴とする燃料供給ノズルを提案するものであ
る。
In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the present inventor has proposed a fuel supply nozzle for supplying powder fuel to the bottom of a fluidized bed combustion chamber together with its carrier gas in a substantially horizontal direction. The present invention proposes a fuel supply nozzle characterized in that a vacant chamber having an opening through which particles of a fluid material can enter and exit is provided above the formed fuel ejection hole.

【0010】本発明の燃料供給ノズルは上記構成を有
し、ほぼ水平方向に形成された燃料噴出孔の上方に、流
動材の粒子が出入りできる開口を有する空室が設けられ
ているので、この開口を通って空室内に熱伝導率の小さ
い流動材が流入して充填され、流動層部分からノズルの
内側(固気混相流と接する表面)へ伝達される熱量を抑
制する。これにより、ノズル内に設けられたポケット部
の(表面)温度上昇が抑制され、燃料粒子がノズル内部
で焼き付いたり、これに起因して燃料供給孔や燃料噴出
孔が閉塞するのを防止することができる。
Since the fuel supply nozzle of the present invention has the above-mentioned structure and the empty space having the opening through which the particles of the fluid material can flow in and out is provided above the fuel injection hole formed in the substantially horizontal direction. The amount of heat transferred from the fluidized bed portion to the inside of the nozzle (the surface in contact with the solid-gas multiphase flow) is suppressed by the fluidized material having a small thermal conductivity flowing through the opening and being filled therein. As a result, the rise in (surface) temperature of the pocket portion provided in the nozzle is suppressed, and it is possible to prevent the fuel particles from sticking inside the nozzle and the clogging of the fuel supply hole and the fuel injection hole due to this. You can

【0011】[0011]

【発明の実施の形態】図1は本発明の実施の一形態に係
る燃料供給ノズルを示す正面図、図2は図1のII−II矢
視縦断側面図、図3は図2のIII-III 矢視水平断面図で
ある。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a front view showing a fuel supply nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional side view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken along the arrow III.

【0012】ステンレス等の耐熱性材料で形成されたノ
ズル本体(20)には、鉛直な燃料供給孔(21)およ
びこれと直交して、すなわち水平方向に向いて連通する
燃料噴出孔(22)が設けられている。また燃料噴出孔
(22)内にはセラミックス等の耐摩耗性材料で形成さ
れたスリーブ(23)が嵌挿されている。上記燃料供給
孔(21)と燃料噴出孔(22)との交叉部には、ポケ
ット部(24)が設けられている。
A nozzle body (20) made of a heat-resistant material such as stainless steel has a vertical fuel supply hole (21) and a fuel injection hole (22) communicating with the vertical fuel supply hole (21) at right angles, that is, in the horizontal direction. Is provided. A sleeve (23) made of a wear-resistant material such as ceramics is fitted in the fuel ejection hole (22). A pocket portion (24) is provided at the intersection of the fuel supply hole (21) and the fuel ejection hole (22).

【0013】以上は前記従来のものと同様であるが、本
実施形態では更に、ノズル本体(20)の頂部に上記ポ
ケット部(24)を取り囲むように、耐熱性材料で形成
された空室(26)が設けられており、同空室(26)
には粒子が出入りできる連通孔(27)が開口してい
る。以上のように構成された燃料供給ノズル(8)は、
燃焼室(1)底部に、燃料噴出孔(22)がほぼ水平方
向に向くように設けられる。
Although the above is the same as the above-mentioned conventional one, in the present embodiment, a vacant chamber formed of a heat resistant material so as to surround the pocket portion (24) at the top of the nozzle body (20) ( 26) is provided, and the same vacant room (26)
A communication hole (27) through which particles can enter and leave is opened. The fuel supply nozzle (8) configured as described above is
A fuel injection hole (22) is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber (1) so as to be oriented in a substantially horizontal direction.

【0014】空室(26)内には連通孔(27)を通っ
て燃焼室(1)内の流動材が流れ込み充填される。一た
ん充填された流動材は、空室(26)内にガス流れが生
じないため、静止した充填層に保たれる。なお、流動材
としては、一般的に珪砂粒が使用されているが、SiO
2 を主成分とするセラミックスの粒子、Al2 2 を主
成分とするセラミックスの粒子、CaOを主成分とする
セラミックス粒子等、高温で熱的に安定しかつ熱的絶縁
体である材質の粒子に代替することができる。また、こ
れらを予め空室(26)内に充填しておいてもよい。
The fluid material in the combustion chamber (1) flows into and fills the empty chamber (26) through the communication hole (27). The fluid material once filled is kept in a stationary packed bed because no gas flow occurs in the empty chamber (26). As the fluid material, silica sand particles are generally used.
Ceramics particles 2 as a main component, Al 2 O 2 ceramic particles as a main component, ceramic particles mainly composed of CaO, the material of the particles that are thermally stable and thermally insulating material at a high temperature Can be replaced by Further, these may be filled in the empty chamber (26) in advance.

【0015】燃料供給孔(21)から供給された燃料粒
子は、ポケット部(24)で一たん滞留し、次に燃料噴
出孔(22)から燃焼室(1)内へ噴出する。ポケット
部(24)は、耐摩耗性材料で保護されていない部分へ
燃料粒子が高速度で衝突して摩耗するのを抑制する。
The fuel particles supplied from the fuel supply hole (21) once stay in the pocket (24) and then are ejected from the fuel ejection hole (22) into the combustion chamber (1). The pocket portion (24) suppresses the fuel particles from colliding at high speed with a portion which is not protected by the wear resistant material to be worn.

【0016】空室(26)内の粒子充填層の有効熱伝導
率は金属材料と比較して極めて小さい。したがって燃焼
室(1)側からノズル(8)の内部、特にポケット部
(24)に伝達される熱量が低く抑えられ、その結果、
ポケット部(24)の表面温度の上昇を押えることがで
きる。こうして燃料(石炭)粒子焼付きのトラブルを防
止できる。
The effective thermal conductivity of the particle packed bed in the chamber (26) is extremely small as compared with the metal material. Therefore, the amount of heat transferred from the combustion chamber (1) side to the inside of the nozzle (8), particularly to the pocket portion (24) is suppressed to be low, and as a result,
The rise in surface temperature of the pocket portion (24) can be suppressed. In this way, it is possible to prevent the trouble of burning the fuel (coal) particles.

【0017】次に従来の燃料供給ノズルと本発明による
燃料供給ノズルとのポケット部温度を比較して示す。計
算には次の物性値を用いた。 耐熱材料(ある種のステンレス材)の熱伝導率 =20W/m ・K 充填される粒子層(例えば珪砂)の有効熱伝導率 =1W/m ・K 耐熱材料の厚み(ポケット部) =15mm 耐熱材料の厚み(空洞部天板) =10mm 充填された粒子層の厚み =120mm 流動層部分の温度 =850℃ ポケット部の雰囲気温度 =40℃ 流動層部の熱伝達率 =300W/m2・K ポケット部の熱伝達率 =20W/m2・K
Next, the pocket temperature of the conventional fuel supply nozzle and the fuel supply nozzle of the present invention will be compared and shown. The following physical properties were used for the calculation. Thermal conductivity of heat-resistant material (certain stainless steel) = 20 W / m ・ K Effective thermal conductivity of particle layer (eg silica sand) filled = 1 W / m ・ K Thickness of heat-resistant material (pocket part) = 15 mm Heat resistance Material thickness (cavity top plate) = 10 mm Thickness of packed particle layer = 120 mm Temperature of fluidized bed portion = 850 ° C Ambient temperature of pocket portion = 40 ° C Heat transfer coefficient of fluidized bed portion = 300 W / m 2 · K Heat transfer coefficient of pocket = 20 W / m 2 · K

【0018】これらの物性値を用いて従来の燃料供給ノ
ズルのポケット部表面温度を求めたところ789℃であ
ったのに対し、本発明の燃料供給ノズルのポケット部表
面温度は272℃であった。このように、本発明によれ
ばポケット部温度を燃料の着火温度よりも極めて低く抑
えることが可能になる。
When the surface temperature of the pocket portion of the conventional fuel supply nozzle was determined using these physical properties, it was 789 ° C., whereas the surface temperature of the pocket portion of the fuel supply nozzle of the present invention was 272 ° C. . As described above, according to the present invention, the pocket temperature can be suppressed to be extremely lower than the fuel ignition temperature.

【0019】[0019]

【発明の効果】本発明の燃料供給ノズルを採用すること
により、各種流動層装置の燃料供給系統におけるトラブ
ル発生を防止することができ、プラントの安定運用なら
びに信頼性向上に寄与するものである。具体的には、 1)ノズル内面への燃料粒子の付着ならびにこれに起因
する閉塞等のトラブルを防止できる。 2)耐摩耗性向上の目的で使用しているセラミックス製
スリーブ部分における温度も低くできるため、熱応力も
小さくなり、破損等によるトラブルを防止できる。
EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION By employing the fuel supply nozzle of the present invention, it is possible to prevent troubles in the fuel supply system of various fluidized bed apparatuses, which contributes to stable operation of the plant and improvement of reliability. Specifically, 1) troubles such as adhesion of fuel particles to the inner surface of the nozzle and blockage resulting from this can be prevented. 2) Since the temperature of the ceramic sleeve used for the purpose of improving wear resistance can be lowered, the thermal stress can be reduced and troubles due to breakage can be prevented.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】図1は本発明の実施の一形態に係る燃料供給ノ
ズルを示す正面図である。
FIG. 1 is a front view showing a fuel supply nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】図2は図1のII−II矢視縦断側面図である。FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional side view taken along the line II-II of FIG.

【図3】図3は図2のIII-III 矢視水平断面図である。3 is a horizontal cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of FIG.

【図4】図4は循環流動層ボイラの一例を示す概要図で
ある。
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.

【図5】図5は図4中の燃焼室(1)の下部を示す平面
図である。
5 is a plan view showing a lower portion of the combustion chamber (1) in FIG.

【図6】図6は従来の燃料供給ノズルの一例を示す縦断
側面図である。
FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional side view showing an example of a conventional fuel supply nozzle.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

(1) 燃焼室 (2) サイクロン (3) 流動層熱交換器 (4) スタンドパイプ (5a) 、(5b)、(5c)、(5d) ブロア (6a)、(6b) 燃料供給装置 (7) 搬送管 (8) 燃料供給ノズル (9) 対流伝熱面 (10) バグフィルタ (11) 誘引ファン (12) 煙突 (13) 空気ノズル (14) 灰取出口 (15) 灰抜出装置 (16a)、(16b) 隔壁 (20)、(30) ノズル本体 (21)、(31) 燃料供給孔 (22)、(32) 燃料噴出孔 (23)、(33) スリーブ (24)、(34) ポケット部 (35) 燃料粒子 (26) 空室 (27) 連通孔 (1) Combustion chamber (2) Cyclone (3) Fluidized bed heat exchanger (4) Stand pipe (5a), (5b), (5c), (5d) Blower (6a), (6b) Fuel supply device (7) ) Transport pipe (8) Fuel supply nozzle (9) Convection heat transfer surface (10) Bag filter (11) Induction fan (12) Chimney (13) Air nozzle (14) Ash extraction port (15) Ash extraction device (16a) ), (16b) Partition wall (20), (30) Nozzle body (21), (31) Fuel supply hole (22), (32) Fuel injection hole (23), (33) Sleeve (24), (34) Pocket (35) Fuel particles (26) Vacancy (27) Communication hole

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 粉体燃料をその搬送気体とともに流動層
燃焼室の底部に供給する燃料供給ノズルにおいて、ほぼ
水平方向に形成された燃料噴出孔の上方に、流動材の粒
子が出入りできる開口を有する空室が設けられたことを
特徴とする燃料供給ノズル。
1. A fuel supply nozzle for supplying powder fuel together with its carrier gas to the bottom of a fluidized bed combustion chamber, and an opening through which particles of a fluid material can flow in and out above a fuel injection hole formed in a substantially horizontal direction. A fuel supply nozzle having a vacant chamber provided therein.
JP23114895A 1995-09-08 1995-09-08 Fuel supply nozzle Expired - Fee Related JP3349305B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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JP23114895A JP3349305B2 (en) 1995-09-08 1995-09-08 Fuel supply nozzle

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP23114895A JP3349305B2 (en) 1995-09-08 1995-09-08 Fuel supply nozzle

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JPH0972506A true JPH0972506A (en) 1997-03-18
JP3349305B2 JP3349305B2 (en) 2002-11-25

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003010736A (en) * 2001-07-04 2003-01-14 Babcock Hitachi Kk Fuel blow supply nozzle

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003010736A (en) * 2001-07-04 2003-01-14 Babcock Hitachi Kk Fuel blow supply nozzle

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Publication number Publication date
JP3349305B2 (en) 2002-11-25

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