JPH0947935A - Main spindle head part structure of machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily remove the tube member of a main spindle head part by inserting an operation plate so that a part thereof is projected from the circumferential surface of the flange part of the tube member, and also by giving free oscillating operation within a given range along the rotating surface of a cutting tool to the flange part. SOLUTION: The projected parts of the respective operation plates 29 are press operated by a worker against the force of a spring 31, and the locking holes 29a are made to perfectly coincide with through holes 28, that the fitting between the circumferential surface parts of the locking holes 29a and ring- shaped grooves m3 is released. Then, the entire tube member 23 is moved to the front side thereof. Thereby, respective guide rods 25 are drawn out from the through holes 28 and the locking holes 29a in such a state that they are press moved toward the front thereof by the force of springs 26. Thus, the tube member 23 is brought into a free condition, and also the front end of the holder 6 and the circumferential surface of the cutting tool 7 are exposed to the outside 3, and the cutting tool 7 can be changed by releasing the chuck 6b.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structure of a spindle head portion of a machine tool, and more particularly, to a cylinder member surrounding a peripheral surface of a cutting tool which can be easily attached and detached.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A peripheral surface of a holder or a cutting tool fixed to a main shaft is surrounded by a cylindrical member, and chips generated during machining of a work are
A machine tool has been introduced in which a suction airflow that is forcibly generated is carried out through the space inside the tubular member (for example, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 61-120445 and Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 3-117518). (See Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 5-12058).

In this type of machine tool, the processing of chips can be carried out extremely efficiently, but since the tubular member is provided, it is impossible to replace the cutting tool fixed to the holder as it is, or even if it can be done, it is narrow. For this reason, it is unavoidable to be cumbersome. For this reason, when exchanging and attaching the cutting tool, the tubular member is generally removed.

[0004]

In view of the above circumstances, it is necessary for the tubular member to be easily removable in order to efficiently replace and install the cutting tool.

However, in the case where the cutting tool is displaced in the axial direction of the cutting tool during processing, such as an end mill, a drill or a reamer, the tubular member must be supported so as to be displaced in the axial direction of the cutting tool, so it is inevitable. The supporting mechanism is complicated, and it is difficult to easily attach and detach the tubular member.

The present invention overcomes such difficulty and meets the above-mentioned needs. Even a cylindrical member which must be mounted so as to be displaced in the axial direction of the cutting tool can be easily removed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a spindle head structure of a machine tool that enables efficient exchange and mounting of cutting tools.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, the guide rod is fixed to the main body of the spindle head and surrounds the peripheral surface of the holder from an appropriate interval in the circumferential direction of the enclosure. Is extended toward the spindle tip side and retractable toward the spindle base side against the pressing force of a spring or the like, and an annular groove of a specific width is formed on the tip peripheral surface of each guide rod.
On the other hand, from the front part of the enclosure, a cylindrical member that surrounds the peripheral surface of the cutting tool fixed to the holder is extended so that it can move in and out in the direction of the main axis, and the collar member formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical member A through hole into which the tip of the guide rod is inserted is provided, and a cavity is formed in the thick wall of the collar portion near each through hole, the cavity being opened to the peripheral surface of the collar portion. Insert the operation plate provided with the locking hole so that a part of it extends from the peripheral surface of the flange portion, and at the same time within a certain range along the blade rotation surface against the elastic force of the spring or the like on the flange portion. It is pivotally mounted so that it can be rocked, and when the guide rod and flange are connected, the peripheral surface of the locking hole is fitted into the annular groove of the guide rod inserted into the locking hole and the specific position of the through hole for guiding. It is configured to regulate the stick out.

When the above-mentioned blade is replaced and mounted, the total length of the tubular member needs to be adapted to the length of the blade that has been replaced and mounted. Therefore, the tubular member is adjusted in and out of the main body member and the tip end surface thereof. Advantageously, it comprises an extension member which is screwed onto it.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIGS. 1 to 6, reference numeral 1 is a rotary shaft which is a main shaft and is rotatably supported by a main spindle head body member 4 via a bearing 2, a retaining ring member 3 and the like. ing.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a key fixed to the main shaft 1 by bolts, and 6 denotes a holder in which the shank portion 6a is fitted and fixed to the main shaft.

A chuck 6b is provided at the tip of the holder 6, and a cutting tool (end mill) 7 is fixed via the chuck 6b.

Reference numeral 8 denotes an enclosure which surrounds the peripheral surface of the holder 6. The enclosure is generally cylindrical and has a lateral wall portion 8a on the end face on the main spindle 1 side. And a guide hole 8b surrounding it is formed.

Reference numerals 9a and 9b denote two bearings fitted to a large diameter portion of the inner wall of the lateral wall portion 8a, which is on the main shaft side. The bearings do not support the holder 6 rotatably around its axis. The end surface of 9a on the main shaft side is locked to a retaining ring plate 10 which is bolted to the end surface of the main body of the enclosure 8.

A ring groove m is provided on the end surface of the lateral wall portion 8a on the side opposite to the main shaft, and a seal packing 11 is fitted in the ring groove m.

A specific portion of the peripheral wall portion of the enclosure 8 projects laterally perpendicular to the axis of the holder 6 and has a lateral suction path 12 continuous with the space inside the guide hole 8b of the enclosure 8 and A vertical suction passage 13 continuous with the horizontal suction passage 12 is provided. Reference numeral 14 is a mouthpiece member that is continuous with the end of the vertical suction passage 13 and fixed to the enclosure 8.

Numeral 15 is a flange member which is fitted onto the central portion of the holder 6 in the longitudinal direction, one end of which is supported by the end surface of the bearing 9b and the other end of which is nut 1 screwed to the screw portion 6e of the holder 6.
6 is engaged via a washer 17. The flange member 15 is in close contact with the seal packing 11 on the radial surface thereof, and partitions the inner and outer spaces of the lateral wall portion 8a into an airtight state in a state where the holder 6 is allowed to rotate.

A ridge 6 provided in the middle of the holder 6 in the longitudinal direction.
At both ends of the diametric position of d, there are provided notches k ... With which the keys 5 ... Are fitted, and the spindle 1 and the holder 6 are integrally formed by fitting the notches k. It is supposed to be combined. The protruding portion 6d is a grip portion which is engaged with a tool changing arm of an automatic tool changing device (not shown) via the groove ml.

Reference numeral 18 denotes an engaging piece that is engaged with a specific portion of the protrusion 6d to lock the position around the rotation center axis of the holder 6 at a specific position, and is a guide embedded in the enclosure 8 so as to be freely inserted and removed. Through a rod 19, a spring 20 for elastically pushing the guide rod 19 toward the main shaft 1, a bolt 21 and a cap member 22 for fixing the engaging piece 18 to the guide rod 19,
It is supported so as to be displaceable in the direction of the main shaft 1.

Reference numeral 23 is a tubular member, and a main body member 23a slidably fitted in the guide hole 8b and an extension member 23b screwed to the front side of the main body member 23a so as to be adjustable in and out through a screw m2. Consists of. The extension member 23b has a cutting tool 7 at the tip.
The opening p is formed so as to be squeezed toward the center of the blade and has a diameter slightly larger than the cross section of the cutting tool 7 at the center of the tip
Is formed. At this time, the base end portion of the extension member 23b is fixed to the fixing screw 2 attached to the flange portion s of the main body member 23a.
It is preferable that the structure is such that the extension member 23b is adjusted by operating the fixing screw 24.

Reference numeral 8c designates guide holes in the axial direction of the holder 8 which are formed at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction of the thick portion of the peripheral wall of the enclosure 8, and normally three guide holes are formed. Each guide hole 8c has a large-diameter portion at an appropriate length portion p1 in the longitudinal direction and an inner peripheral surface of the other portion as a sliding guide surface.

A guide rod 25 is slidably inserted into each guide hole 8c, and each of them has a small diameter of an appropriate length between the sliding portion and the front portion as shown in FIG. Part n1,
In addition to forming n2, a small-diameter fitting insertion portion n3 is formed at the front end of the small-diameter portion n2 on the front side, and the annular groove m3 having a specific width is formed on the peripheral surface of the fitting insertion portion n3. There is.

A compression spring 26 is located in the space defined by the large diameter portion p1 of the guide hole 8c and the small diameter portion n1 of the guide rod 25, one end of which is a step portion h1 of the guide hole 8c and the other end of which is The guide rod 25 is locked by the step portion h2 and pushes the guide rod 25 toward the front side thereof. Reference numeral 27 denotes a stop ring plate fixed to the front end surface of the enclosure 8 for restricting the withdrawal of the guide rod 25.

On the other hand, in the portion of the collar portion s corresponding to each guide rod 25, as shown in FIGS.
.. are provided, and a hollow space s1 opened to the peripheral surface of the collar portion is formed in the thick wall portion of the collar portion near each through hole 28.

Reference numeral 29 is an operation plate inserted into the space s1 through an opening, and is provided with a locking hole 29a which is matched with the through hole 28, and a portion 29b is positioned so as to project from the peripheral surface of the flange portion. At the same time, it is attached to the collar portion s via a shaft 30 so that it can be rocked within a certain range along the rotation surface of the cutting tool 7. The shaft 30 is a cylindrical spring pin. Reference numeral 31 is a spring inserted in a hole formed in the thick portion of the collar portion s, which moves the operating plate 29 outward of the turning radius of the cutting tool f1.
It is supposed to be pushed to. The symbol g is fixed to the collar portion s and regulates the swing range of the operation plate 29 in relation to the elongated hole of the operation plate 29.

When the guide rods 25 ... And the collar portion s are connected, as shown in FIGS. 5 (a1) and 5 (b1), the through holes 28 ...
The fitting insertion portion n3 is inserted into the lock hole 29a by the swinging action of the operation plate 29 by the force of the spring 31.
.. The peripheral surface part of is fitted into the annular groove m3.

Reference numeral k1 denotes a notch provided in the main body member 23a, the internal space of which is a lateral suction path 12 when the member 23a is slid and displaced.
It is for making a communication state with.

Reference numeral 32 is a die plate fixed to the retaining ring member 3, and a through hole 32a is provided in a portion of the left end surface of the die member 14 which is brought into contact with the die member 14 and the through hole 32a. An O-ring 33 for air-tightly communicating with each other is fitted, and a suction pipe 34 connected to an air suction device (not shown) is connected to the through hole 32a.

Reference numeral 32b is a groove formed in the base plate 32, and is adapted to restrict the rotation of the enclosure 8 around the holder 6 axis by fitting the cap member 22 therein.

An example of use of the product of the present invention constructed as described above and its operation will be described. When the air suction device is stopped, air is not sucked from the suction pipe 34, and the tubular member 23 is pushed out toward the tip end side of the cutting tool 7 by the elasticity of the spring 26 via the guide rod 25, and the tip end of the cutting tool 7 is moved as shown in FIG. It is in a state of being immersed in the tubular member 23.

When the operation of the air suction device is started prior to the start of the work, the air in the enclosure 8 is sucked and discharged through the horizontal suction passage 12, the vertical suction passage 13, the mouthpiece member 14, the through hole 32a and the suction pipe 34. At the same time, the air is sucked from the opening p, and the flow resistance of the air causes the inner space of the enclosure 8 to have a negative pressure.

This negative pressure tends to pull the tubular member 23 toward the main shaft 1 side against the elastic force of the spring 26 in relation to the atmospheric pressure surrounding the tubular member 23, but the flow resistance of the air is not great at this point. Therefore, the tubular member 23 is not displaced much,
The cutting tool 7 still does not project outward from the opening p of the tubular member 23.

After that, when the tip of the cylindrical member 23 for processing the work is brought close to the work, the opening p of the cylindrical member 23 is covered with the surface of the work. Since the inflow is restricted and the flow resistance increases, the negative pressure in the enclosure 8 further rises, and the tubular member 23
Is pulled against the force of the spring 26 with a stronger force. Therefore, the tubular member 23 moves to the main shaft 1 side, but when this moving amount increases, the flow resistance of the air flowing in from the opening p decreases, and the amount of air flowing into the enclosure 8 from the opening p increases again. To do. In connection with this, the negative pressure in the enclosure 8 decreases, and the tubular member 23 returns to the tip side of the cutting tool 7 by the force of the spring 26, whereby the negative pressure in the enclosure 8 rises again, and eventually, By repeating such an operation, the tubular member 23 is held in a state of being balanced with the force of the spring 23 at a position separated from the work by a certain dimension.

Such operation of the tubular member 23 can be obtained regardless of the depth of cut of the cutting tool 7 with respect to the work, and therefore the tubular member 23 is always separated from the work by a certain length during processing. , Thereby the tubular member 2
Damage to the work that may occur due to contact between the work 3 and the work is reliably prevented.

Further, the cutting tool 7 produces cutting chips during processing of the work, and the cutting chips ride on the flow of air sucked from the opening p through between the tip of the cylindrical member 23 and the work. Are continuously carried into the enclosure 8 and then collected with air through the suction tube 34 to a specific location.

When the cutting tool 7 is an end mill or the like, the cutting tool 7 moves along the surface of the work while cutting the work.
Even in such a case, since the tubular member 23 is separated from the work by a certain length, there is no possibility that the tubular member 23 scratches the surface of the work or is caught on a stepped portion of the surface.

When the blade is automatically changed, the portion on the right side of the mouth plate 32, that is, the holder 6, the enclosure 8, and the tubular member 2
3, the blade 7, the mouthpiece member 14, the engaging piece 18, and the like are integrally handled as a blade component, that is, the ridge 6d is grasped by the tool changing arm and moved integrally.
At this time, the engagement piece 18 serves to fix the position of the holder 6 or to release it, and in relation to this action and the orientation function of the spindle 1, the blade component is properly detached from the spindle 1. Becomes

On the other hand, depending on the situation, it may be necessary to replace only the cutting tool 7 fixed to the holder 6, but in such a case, the operator pushes the protruding portion of each operation plate 29 into the spring 31.
As shown in FIGS. 5 (a2) and 5 (b2), the locking hole 29a and the through hole 28 are completely aligned and locked by being pressed against the force with, for example, three fingers of one hand at the same time. The fitting between the peripheral surface of the hole 29a and the annular groove m3 is released, and then the entire tubular member 23 is moved to the front side while maintaining this state. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, each guide rod 25 comes out of the through hole 28 and the locking hole 29a while being pushed and moved by the force of the spring 26 toward the tip side thereof, whereby the tubular member 23 becomes free. At the same time, the tip of the holder 6 and the peripheral surface of the cutting tool 7 are exposed to the outside. Under this state, the operator releases the chuck 6b and replaces and installs the cutting tool 7. The guide rod 25 has a through hole 28.
After being pulled out from the operation plate 29, the operation plate 29 released is brought into a state as shown in FIGS. 5 (a3) and 5 (b3).

Thereafter, the above procedure is reversed to perform the cylindrical member 23.
Reattach. At this time, the operator is required to use the through hole 28 and the locking hole 2
It suffices to push the fitting insertion portion n3 of each guide rod 25 into 9a and release the operation plate 29. In particular, in the embodiment, the stepped portion h3 (see FIG. 2 or 6) at the base of the fitting insertion portion n3 comes into contact with one surface of the collar portion s to specify its position, so that the collar portion s is positioned in the axial direction of the cutting tool 7 Is almost unnecessary,
Further, since the tip of the fitting insertion portion n3 is tapered, the tip of the fitting insertion portion n3 can be pushed into the through hole 28 and the leading end of the fitting insertion portion n3 can be locked.
9a, the operation plate 29 is retracted against the force of the spring 31, and the peripheral surface of the locking hole 29a is automatically fitted into the annular groove m3 when the fitting insertion portion n3 is completely inserted. Becomes

As described above, if the holder 6 is used as it is and only the cutting tool 7 is replaced, the length of the cutting tool 7 and the total length of the tubular member 23 generally do not match, and if it is as it is, the proper chip suction action as described above can be obtained. Since there is no fixing screw 2
By loosening 4 and rotating the extension member 23b, the screwing amount of the extension member 23b is changed.

FIG. 7 shows a modification of the above embodiment. Explaining the points different from the above, the tip end surface 23b of the extension member is a flat surface for directly contacting the work w, and an appropriate notch k2 is formed at an appropriate interval in the circumferential direction of this flat surface.
... is formed.

A spiral ventilation hole 7 is provided at an axial portion of the cutting tool 7.
a is formed, and the holder 6 has a vertical hole p at its axial portion.
2, and a lateral hole p3 communicating with the atmosphere side at the diametrical part
Is formed.

In this embodiment, when the work w is being machined, the tip end surface of the extension member 23b is brought into close contact with the work w, and when the machining depth changes, the entire tubular member 23 is displaced in the axial direction of the cutting tool 7. And respond. The space inside the enclosure 8 is made to have a negative pressure in accordance with the above-mentioned one, so that the atmosphere has a lateral hole p.
3, through the vertical hole p2 and the ventilation hole 7a, the tip end surface of the cutting tool 7 is vigorously sucked, and the air flow at this time activates the movement of the cutting chips into the enclosure 8.

It may happen that the amount of air sucked from the tip of the cutting tool 7 becomes insufficient, but in such a case, the negative pressure in the inner space of the enclosure 8 becomes large and more air is discharged from the notch k2. It is aspirated to make up for the deficiency.

The tubular member of this embodiment does not have a substantial difference in the concept of the present invention from that of the previous embodiment, and is treated in the same manner.

Although there is one in which compressed air is forcibly sent into the inner space of the cylindrical member 23 from the tip of the cutting tool 7 or the like, this is also within the scope of the present invention.

[0046]

According to the present invention, the attachment / detachment process of the tubular member mounted on the enclosure so as to be retractable in the main axis direction can be performed in a one-touch manner by the swinging operation of the operating plate by the finger and the push / pull operation of the entire tubular member. Therefore, it is possible to easily replace and install the cutting tool.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the entire length of the tubular member can be easily adapted to the blade after replacement and attachment.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a spindle head portion of a machine tool according to the present invention, (a) is a front sectional view, and (b) is a side view.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a tubular member portion of the machine tool.

3A and 3B relate to a tubular member, and FIG. 3A is a front sectional view and FIG. 3B is a side view.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line xx of FIG.

5A and 5B are views for explaining a part of the operation of the tubular member, wherein FIG. 5A1 is a front view cross-sectional view showing a coupling state with a guide rod, FIG. 5B1 is a side view thereof, and FIG. (B2) is a side view thereof, and (a3) is a front sectional view when the guide rod is not present in the through hole. It is the side view.

FIG. 6 is a front sectional view showing a spindle head portion with a tubular member removed, and FIG. 6 (b) is a side view.

FIG. 7 is a front sectional view showing a modified example of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 main spindle 4 main spindle head main body member 6 holder 7 cutting tool 8 enclosure 23 cylindrical member 23a main body member of cylindrical member 23 23b extension member 25 guide rod 26 spring 28 through hole 29 operation plate 29a locking hole 30 shaft 31 spring m3 annular groove s Tsubabe s1 vacant place

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A guide rod is directed to the spindle tip side from an appropriate circumferential circumferential interval of an enclosure fixed to the same body as the spindle head main body member and surrounding the peripheral surface of the holder, and resists a pressing force of a spring or the like. In addition to extending so that it can be retracted and moved toward the base side of the spindle, an annular groove of a specific width is formed on the peripheral surface of the tip of each guide rod
On the other hand, from the front part of the enclosure, a cylindrical member that surrounds the peripheral surface of the cutting tool fixed to the holder is extended so that it can move in and out in the direction of the main axis, and the collar member formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical member A through hole into which the tip of the guide rod is inserted is provided, and a cavity is formed in the thick wall of the collar portion near each through hole, the cavity being opened to the peripheral surface of the collar portion. Insert the operation plate provided with the locking hole so that a part of it extends from the peripheral surface of the flange portion, and at the same time within a certain range along the blade rotation surface against the elastic force of the spring or the like on the flange portion. It is pivotally mounted so that it can be rocked, and when the guide rod and flange are connected, the peripheral surface of the locking hole is fitted into the annular groove of the guide rod inserted into the locking hole and the specific position of the through hole for guiding. Spindle head structure of machine tool characterized by restricting stick out 2. The spindle head portion structure for a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical member is composed of a main body member and an extension member that is screwed to a tip end surface of the main body member so as to be adjustable in and out.