JPH0934155A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge with the same and electrophotographic device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To maintain film strength while improving lubricity and to improve solvent cracking resistance by incorporating a specified polymer into the surface layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor. SOLUTION: The surface layer of this electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a polymer having a central skeleton consisting of 3-30 repeating constituent units represented by the formula and having phenyl groups contg. F atoms substd. for all H atoms at the terminals. In the formula, A is -CR17 R18 - (each of R17 and R18 is H, a 1-6C alkyl or a 6-12C aryl), optionally substd. 5-11C 1,1-cycloalkylene, a single bond, -O-, -S-, -SO- or -SO2 -, each of R1 -R8 is H, a halogen, 1-4C alkyl or phenyl and (m) is an integer of >=1. Superior solvent cracking resistance, surface lubricity and shelf stability are ensured.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Electrophotography is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,297,691.
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. H10-209, a photoconductive material is used in which the electric resistance changes in accordance with the amount of irradiation received during image exposure, and in a dark place, a support coated with an insulating substance is used. . The basic characteristics required for an electrophotographic photosensitive member using this photoconductive material are (1) being able to be charged to an appropriate potential in a dark place, (2) being small in dissipation of a charge in a dark place, ( 3) It is possible to rapidly dissipate the electric charge by light irradiation.

Conventionally, selenium has been used as an electrophotographic photoreceptor.
Inorganic photoreceptors having a photosensitive layer containing an inorganic photoconductive compound such as cadmium sulfide and zinc oxide as a main component have been widely used. However, although these satisfy the above conditions (1) to (3), they are not always satisfactory in terms of thermal stability, moisture resistance, durability, productivity and the like. For example, when selenium is crystallized, the characteristics as a photoreceptor are deteriorated, which is difficult to manufacture, and crystallization is caused by heat, fingerprints, etc., and the performance as a photoreceptor is deteriorated. Cadmium sulfide has problems in moisture resistance and durability, and zinc oxide has problems in smoothness, hardness and friction resistance. Further, most of the inorganic photoconductors have a limited photosensitive wavelength region. For example, the photosensitive wavelength region of selenium is the blue region, and there is almost no sensitivity in the red region.

Therefore, various methods have been proposed to extend the photosensitivity to the long wavelength region, but there are many restrictions on the selection of the photosensitizing wavelength region. Even when zinc oxide or cadmium sulfide is used as a photoconductor, the wavelength range of the light itself is narrow and it is necessary to add various sensitizers.

For the purpose of overcoming the disadvantages of these inorganic photoconductors, electrophotographic photoconductors containing various organic photoconductive compounds as main components have been actively developed. For example, US Pat. No. 3,837,851 discloses a photoreceptor having a charge transfer layer containing triallyl pyrazoline, and US Pat.
No. 882, there is known a photoconductor or the like comprising a charge generation layer made of a derivative of a perylene pigment and a charge transfer layer made of a condensation product of 3-propylene and formaldehyde.

Further, as a photoreceptor using a bisazo pigment or a trisazo pigment as a charge generating substance, JP-A-59-3
3445, JP-A-56-46237, JP-A-60-111249 and the like are known.

Further, the organic photoconductive substance can freely select the photosensitive wavelength region of the electrophotographic photosensitive member by the compound thereof. For example, regarding azo organic pigments, JP-A-61-272754 and JP-A-56-167759.
Some of the substances disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-195675 have high sensitivity in the visible region, and the substances disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 57-195767 and 61-228453 are sensitive to the infrared region. There are substances that have. Of these materials, materials having sensitivity in the infrared region are used in laser beam printers, LED printers and the like, which have made remarkable progress in recent years, and the demand frequency thereof is increasing.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor using these organic photoconductive materials is used as a function-separated photoreceptor in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are laminated in order to satisfy both electric and mechanical characteristics. It is often done. On the other hand, as a matter of course, the electrophotographic photosensitive member is required to have sensitivity, electrical characteristics, and optical characteristics according to the electrophotographic process applied. Particularly in electrophotographic photoreceptors that are repeatedly used, the surface layer of the photoreceptor is corona-charged, directly-charged, image-exposed, toner-developed, transferred, surface-cleaned.
Since electrical and mechanical external force such as
Durability against them is also required.

Specifically, mechanical deterioration such as electrical deterioration due to ozone or nitrogen oxides at the time of charging, electric discharge at the time of charging and abrasion or scratches on the surface due to rubbing of the cleaning member. Durability is required.

The surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member generally comprises a charge transporting material and a resin layer, and is a fairly thin film. Of the above-mentioned drawbacks, mechanical deterioration is largely due to the resin layer,
The choice of this resin layer becomes very important.

As a durable resin, bisphenol
There is a polycarbonate resin having RuZ as a skeleton.
This polycarbonate Z resin (hereinafter abbreviated as PCZ)
Has a mechanical strength superior to that of the polycarbonate A resin, which has been often used conventionally, and has a good solubility in various organic solvents.

However, even if the above points are solved,
In addition, as a problem, (1) it is vulnerable to a solvent crack generated when an organic solvent or oil reaches the surface, and (2) the formed coating film body does not show good lubricity, Therefore, the electrophotographic photosensitive member is likely to be scratched, resulting in image defects, poor cleaning due to early deterioration of the cleaning blade, and insufficient cleaning due to reversal of the cleaning blade. There was an occasion.

In many cases, the polycarbonate-Z resin undergoes large volume shrinkage during coating film formation, particularly when coating from a solution by a casting method, leaving stress inside the coating film. Therefore, it has a drawback that it is relatively weak against stress corrosion. To solve this. For example, JP-A-61-620
No. 40 discloses a mixture of a polycarbonate A resin and a polycarbonate Z resin.
-62039 discloses a method of reducing stress corrosion cracking by copolymerizing bisphenol A and bisphenol Z, but none of them is sufficient for solvent cracking.

Further, as described in (2) above, the ordinary polycarbonate resin has a low lubricity against the cleaning blade used in the electrophotographic process, and therefore the clear polycarbonate resin has a low lubricating property.
It has been pointed out that the aging blade is reversed due to the progress of durability, which causes a cleaning failure or a scratch due to a strong force applied to the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

In order to improve this, a method of adding silicone oil or a method of copolymerizing a polydimethylsiloxane block with a polycarbonate resin as disclosed in JP-A-61-132954 is used. Kaisho 63-65
No. 444 discloses (CH in the center of bisphenol A).
₃₎ a method using a ₂ -C = part of (a modification CF ₃₎ in ₂ -C = is disclosed. However, in the method of adding silicone oil, electrophotographic characteristics, that is,
There are drawbacks such that various characteristics such as sensitivity and residual potential are adversely affected, and the silicone oil in the surface layer is lost due to the progress of durability, and permanent lubricity cannot be obtained. Further, if a copolymer of the above-mentioned methyl siloxane block and a resin using a fluorinated bisphenol is used, the lubricity will be good, but these polymers have poor solubility, When coated, it tends to cause clouding and gelation, and even when used as a surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, it has the drawbacks of surface roughness and reduced mechanical strength.

[0016]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the conventional electrophotographic photosensitive member having a polycarbonate resin as a surface layer and to improve the lubricity of the film. Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that maintains strength, has good solvent cracking properties, and is easily manufactured, a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus using the electrophotographic photosensitive member. It is to provide a device.

[0017]

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is composed of a structural unit represented by the following formula (1). Consisting of an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a skeleton, having a phenyl group in which all hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms, and containing a polymer having a repeating number of m of 3 to 30. To be done. Equation (1)

Embedded image In the formula, A is —CR ₁₇ R ₁₈ — (wherein R ₁₇ and R ₁₈ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), and substituted. Optionally a C1-C11 1,1-cycloalkylene group, a single bond,-
O -, - S -, - SO- or -SO ₂ - indicates, _{R 1}
, R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ , R ₆ , R ₇ and R ₈ are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a carbon number of 1 to 4.
Represents an alkyl group or a phenyl group, and m represents an integer of 1 or more.

Further, the present invention, in the above-mentioned invention, comprises the electrophotographic photosensitive member in which the polymer further has a structural unit represented by the following formula (2). Equation (2)

Embedded image In the formula, R ₉ , R ₁₀ , R ₁₁ , R ₁₂ , R ₁₃ , R ₁₄ , R ₁₅ and R ₁₆ represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, and n is 1 Indicates the above integer.

Specific examples of the structural unit represented by the formula (1) are shown in Table 1, but the present invention is not limited to these.

[Table 1] Preferable examples include structural unit examples 1, 2 and 8 and particularly structural unit example 1.

Specific examples of the structural unit represented by the formula (2) are shown in Table 2, but the present invention is not limited to these.

[Table 2] Preferable examples include structural unit examples 11, 12 and 15, and particularly structural unit example 11.

The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has particularly excellent solvent crack resistance, surface lubricity, and storage stability. This is because a substance having a terminal having chemical resistance in the surface layer is introduced. It is considered that this reduces the rate at which chemicals causing solvent cracks enter the photosensitive layer, thereby reducing the rate at which abnormalities occur in the coating. When a homopolymer having the same structure as that of the constituent unit is blended, the effect of relaxing internal stress is enhanced and the solvent crack resistance is further improved.

Further, by adopting this structure, the polymer
And the oligomers are compatible with each other, and the effect of reducing charge traps is also obtained.

Next, there is layer separation by depositing low-molecular components added to the photosensitive layer, which functions as a compatibilizing agent for the charge transport material by incorporating fluorine atoms having high electronegativity at the terminals. Therefore, it is considered that the charge transport material becomes difficult to move.

The polymer or copolymer contained in the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is determined in consideration of scratch resistance, hardness, manufacturing stability, storage stability and the like required according to the electrophotographic process. It must be. In that case, the weight ratio of the binder resin to the total binder resin used in the charge transport layer is 0.01
Is preferably in the range of
15% by weight is particularly preferred.

Next, the structure of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention will be described.

Any conductive material may be used as the conductive support, and a metal such as aluminum or stainless steel,
Examples thereof include metal, plastic, and paper provided with a conductive layer, and examples of the shape include a cylindrical shape or a film shape.

When the image input such as LBP is laser light, a conductive layer may be provided for the purpose of preventing interference fringes due to scattering or covering scratches on the support. This can be formed by dispersing conductive powder such as carbon black or metal particles in a binder resin. The thickness of the conductive layer is 5 to 40 μm,
It is preferably 10 to 30 μm.

An intermediate layer having an adhesive function is provided on the conductive layer. Examples of the material for the intermediate layer include polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, ethyl cellulose, casein, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyether urethane. These are applied by dissolving in a suitable solvent. The thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.1 to 5 μm, preferably 0.3.
˜1 μm.

The charge generating layer is formed by coating the intermediate layer with a coating material prepared by dispersing a charge generating material such as a phthalocyanine pigment, an azo pigment or an anthanthrone pigment in a binder resin dissolved in a solvent. Examples of the binder resin used here include polyester resin, acrylic resin, and polyvinylcarbazol.
Resin, phenoxy resin, polycarbonate resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, polyvinyl benzal resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, polysulfone resin, polyarylate resin, vinylidene chloride / acrylonitrile copolymer resin Etc. The ratio of the binder resin to the pigment is desirably 1/1 to 10/1, preferably 1.5 / 1 to 2/1.

The charge transport layer is mainly formed by coating and drying a paint in which a charge transport material and a binder resin are dissolved in a solvent. Examples of the charge transport material include various triarylamine compounds, hydrazone compounds, stilbene compounds, pyrazoline compounds, oxazole compounds, thiazole compounds and the like. As the binder resin, the same resin as that used for forming the charge generation layer can be used.

The present invention integrally supports the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention and at least one means selected from the group consisting of charging means, developing means and cleaning means, and is attachable to and detachable from the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus. It is composed of a process cartridge characterized by being flexible.

The present invention also comprises an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, a charging means, an image exposing means, a developing means and a transferring means.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, which is driven to rotate around an axis 2 at a predetermined peripheral speed in a direction indicated by an arrow. In the rotation process, the photosensitive member 1 is uniformly charged at a predetermined positive or negative potential on the peripheral surface thereof by the primary charging means 3, and then the image exposure means (such as a slit exposure or a laser beam scanning exposure) is used. (See FIG. 1). Thus, an electrostatic latent image is sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor 1.

The formed electrostatic latent image is then developed by the developing means 5.
The toner-developed toner image developed and developed by the transfer material 7 is fed from a sheet feeding unit (not shown) between the photoconductor 1 and the transfer unit 6 in synchronization with the rotation of the photoconductor 1. Then, the image is sequentially transferred by the transfer means 6. The transfer material 7 having undergone the image transfer is separated from the photoreceptor surface, introduced into the image fixing means 8 and subjected to image fixing, thereby being printed out as a copy (copy) outside the apparatus. The surface of the photoreceptor 1 after the image transfer is cleaned and cleaned by removing the transfer residual toner by the cleaning means 9, and further subjected to a static elimination process by the pre-exposure light 10 from the pre-exposure means (not shown). After that, it is repeatedly used for image formation. Incidentally, the primary charging means 3 is a charging roller.
In the case of a contact charging means using a liner or the like, pre-exposure is not necessarily required.

In the present invention, a plurality of constituent elements such as the photosensitive member 1, the primary charging means 3, the developing means 5 and the cleaning means 9 are integrally combined as a process cartridge. However, the process cartridge may be detachably attached to the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer. For example, at least one of the primary charging means 3, the developing means 5 and the cleaning means 9 is integrally supported together with the photoreceptor 1 to form a cartridge, and the apparatus is guided by a guide means such as a rail 12 of the apparatus body. The process cartridge 11 can be detachably attached to the main body. When the electrophotographic apparatus is a copying machine or a printer, the image exposure light 4 uses reflected light or transmitted light from the original, or reads the original with a sensor.
The light is emitted by laser beam scanning, driving of an LED array, driving of a liquid crystal shutter array, and the like performed in accordance with this signal.

On the other hand, when used as a printer for a facsimile, the image exposure light 4 becomes exposure light for printing the received data. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of this case. The controller 14 controls the image reading unit 13 and the printer 22. The entire controller 14 is controlled by the CPU 20. The read data from the image reading unit 13 is transmitted to the partner station through the transmission circuit 16. The data received from the partner station is sent to the printer 22 through the receiving circuit 15. Predetermined image data is stored in the image memory. The printer controller 21 controls the printer 22. 17 is a telephone. The image received from the line 18 (image information from the remote terminal connected via the line) is demodulated by the receiving circuit 15, and then the image information is decoded by the CPU 20 and sequentially stored in the image memory 19. To be done. Then, when at least one page of image is stored in the image memory 19, the image of that page is recorded. CPU 20
Reads one page of image information from the image memory 19 and sends the decoded one page of image information to the printer controller -21. Printer controller
When the printer 21 receives the image information of one page from the CPU 20, the printer 21 prints the image information of the page.
22 is controlled. The CPU 20 receives the next page during recording by the printer 22. In this way, the image is received and recorded.

Synthesis Example 1 (Synthesis of Polymer, Polymerization Example 1 Listed in Table 3 below) 600 m of 8.8% (w / v) aqueous sodium hydroxide solution
4,4'-cyclohexylidenebisphenol (BPZ) 107.2 g and hydrosulfite 0.5
g was added and dissolved. Methylene chloride 360m
50 g of phosgene was blown in over 60 minutes while maintaining the solution temperature at 15 ° C. After blowing,
Substance with the following structure

Embedded image 8.48 g was added and the reaction mixture was emulsified by vigorous stirring. After emulsification, 0.2 ml of triethylamine was added,
Polymerization was carried out by stirring for a time. The polymerization liquid was separated into an aqueous phase and an organic phase, the organic phase was neutralized with phosphoric acid, and washing with water was repeated until the pH of the washing liquid became neutral, then 470 ml of isopropanol
Was added to precipitate the polymer. The precipitate was filtered and then dried to obtain a powdery polymer.

Synthesis Example 2 (Synthesis of Polymer, Polymerization Example 2 Listed in Table 3 below) 600 m of 8.8% (w / v) sodium hydroxide aqueous solution
In 1 liter, 71.5 g of 4,4'-cyclohexylidenebisphenol (BPZ) and 4,4 '-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl) ethylidene] bisphenol ( BPAF) (44.8 g) and hydrosulfite (0.5 g) were added and dissolved. To this, 360 ml of methylene chloride was added and stirred, and 50 g of phosgene was blown in over 60 minutes while maintaining the solution temperature at 15 ° C. After blowing, the substance with the following structure

[Chemical 6] 5.7 g was added and vigorously stirred to emulsify the reaction solution,
After the emulsification, 0.2 ml of triethylamine was added, and the mixture was stirred for about 1 hour for polymerization. The polymerization liquid was separated into an aqueous phase and an organic phase, the organic phase was neutralized with phosphoric acid, and the washing liquid was repeatedly washed with water until the pH became neutral. Then, 470 ml of isopropanol was added to precipitate the polymer. It was The precipitate was filtered and then dried to obtain a powdery polymer.

[0039]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is manufactured, for example, as follows.

On an aluminum support, tin oxide-coated titanium oxide, phenol resin, silicone oil, methanol.
Coating solution prepared from styrene / methyl cellosolve and heat-cured to form a conductive layer, and then N-methoxymethylated nylon and copolymerized nylon are mixed with methanol and n-butanol as a mixed solvent. To form an intermediate layer, then disperse oxytitanium phthalocyanine, polyvinyl butyral and cyclohexanone in a sand mill,
Methyl ethyl ketone was added to prepare a coating solution for the charge generation layer, and this coating solution was applied onto the intermediate layer to form the charge generation layer. Then, using the amine compound as a charge transport material, a bisphenol Z type polycarbonate resin, and the polymer of Polymerization Example 1 shown in Table 3 using the constitutional unit example 1 shown in Table 1, a mixed solvent of chlorobenzene and dichloromethane. The desired electrophotographic photoreceptor can be prepared by applying a coating solution for a charge transport layer prepared by dissolving the above solution on the charge generating layer to form the charge transport layer.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the electrophotographic photosensitive member may be provided with a process cartridge integrally supporting a primary charging means, a developing means and a cleaning means.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, as an electrophotographic apparatus provided with the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, for example, a printer can be used as a printer in a facsimile.

[0043]

【Example】

Example 1 An aluminum cylinder having a diameter of 30 mm and a diameter of 260 mm was used as a support, and a coating material composed of the following materials was applied onto the support by a dipping method, followed by heat curing at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a conductive layer. Conductive pigment: tin oxide coated titanium oxide. 10 parts (weight part, hereinafter the same) Resistance adjusting pigment: titanium oxide. 10 parts Binder resin: phenol resin. 10 parts Leveling agent: silicone Solvent: 0.001 part Solvent: methanol / methyl cellosolve = 1 / 1..20 parts

Next, 3 parts of N-methoxymethylated nylon and 3 parts of copolymerized nylon were added on top of this and 65 parts of methanol and n-.
A solution dissolved in 30 parts of butanol was applied by a dipping method to form an intermediate layer of 0.5 μm.

Next, the diffraction angles 2θ ± 0.2 ° in the X-ray diffraction spectrum of CuKα are 9.0 °, 14.2 °, 2
4 parts of oxytitanium phthalocyanine (TiOPc) having a strong peak at 3.9 ° and 27.1 °, 2 parts of polyvinyl butyral (trade name S-REC BM-2, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) and cyclohexanone 80 Φ1mm
After being dispersed for 4 hours by a sand mill using a glass bead, 115 parts of methyl ethyl ketone was added to prepare a charge generation layer coating material. This coating material was applied onto the intermediate layer by a dipping method to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.3 μm.

Next, 7 parts of an amine compound having the following structural formula,

Embedded image With 3 parts of an amine compound of the following structural formula

[Chemical 6] 9.5 parts of bisphenol Z type polycarbonate resin (viscosity average molecular weight 22000) and Polymerization Example 1 shown in Table 3 below.
0.5 part of the above polymer was dissolved in 50 parts of chlorobenzene and 10 parts of dichloromethane. This paint is applied on the charge generation layer by a dipping method and dried at 110 ° for 1 hour to give a film thickness of 25 μm.
The charge transporting layer was formed to prepare an electrophotographic photoreceptor.

Next, Table 3 shows a polymerization example of the polymer used in the examples.

[Table 3]

Examples 2 to 5 Examples 2 to 1 were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymers of Polymerization Examples 2 to 13 shown in Table 3 were used instead of Polymerization Example 1.
An electrophotographic photosensitive member corresponding to No. 3 was prepared.

Using the electrophotographic photosensitive members prepared in Examples 1 to 13, surface lubricity and solvent crack resistance were measured. Regarding the surface lubricity, a polyurethane cleaning blade for a copying machine was used, and this was brought into contact with the surface of the photoconductor at a contact angle of 30 °, and the sliding resistance was measured by HEIDON-14 type surface tester (Shinto Kagaku). (Manufactured by KK).
Regarding the solvent cracking property, finger grease was adhered to this surface layer and left for 24 hours and 2 days at 25 ° C. and 60% RH, and then the presence or absence of solvent cracking was observed by a microscope.

Further, this electrophotographic photosensitive member was exposed to 35% at 95% R
After left under H for 24 hours, Canon LBPN
It was put in X and passed 15,000 sheets, and black spots caused by toner adhering to the surface of the photoreceptor were observed. Further, the amount of abrasion due to durability was measured.

Next, the cleaning blades were rubbed and brought into contact with each other, and after being left for 24 hours, it was confirmed whether or not the rub memory of the contacted portion of the blade appeared in the image. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

[Table 4]

[Table 5]

Comparative Examples 1 and 2 The binder resins in the charge transport layer were bisphenol Z type polycarbonate resin (viscosity average molecular weight 22000) and bisphenol A type polycarbonate resin (viscosity average molecular weight 22000). ), Except that each of them was replaced by the same as in Example 1, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared, and evaluated in the same manner. The results are shown in Tables 6 and 7.

[Table 6]

[Table 7]

Examples 14 to 18 Electrophotographic photoreceptors were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the binder resins of the charge transport layer in Example 1 were changed to the combinations shown in Table 8 below. The results are shown in Tables 8 to 10.

[Table 8]

[Table 9]

[Table 10]

[0054]

The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention exhibits excellent effects on lubricity and solvent crack resistance. The same effect can be obtained in a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a process car having an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a cartridge.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a block of a facsimile having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Electrophotographic Photoreceptor of the Present Invention 2 Axis 3 Primary Charging Means 4 Image Exposure Light 5 Developing Means 6 Transfer Means 7 Transfer Material 8 Image Fixing Means 9 Cleaning Means 10 Pre-Exposure Light 11 Process Cartridge 12 Rails 13 Image reading unit 14 Controller 15 Receiver circuit 16 Transmitter circuit 17 Telephone 18 Line 19 Image memory 20 CPU 21 Printer-Controller 22 Printer-

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a central skeleton composed of a structural unit represented by the following formula (1), An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a polymer having phenyl groups in which all hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms, and m having a repeating number of 3 to 30. Formula (1) In the formula, A is —CR ₁₇ R ₁₈ — (wherein R ₁₇ and R ₁₈ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), and substituted. Optionally a C1-C11 1,1-cycloalkylene group, a single bond,-
O -, - S -, - SO- or -SO ₂ - indicates, R
₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ , R ₆ , R ₇ and R ₈ represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group, and m is an integer of 1 or more. Show. 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the polymer according to claim 1 further has a structural unit represented by the following formula (2). Formula (2) In the formula, R ₉ , R ₁₀ , R ₁₁ , R ₁₂ , R ₁₃ , R ₁₄ , R ₁₅ and R ₁₆ represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, and n is 1 Indicates the above integer. 3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, and at least one means selected from the group consisting of a charging means, a developing means and a cleaning means are integrally supported, and are detachably attached to the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus. A process cartridge characterized by the following. 4. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, a charging unit, an image exposure unit, a developing unit and a transfer unit.