JPH09328683A - Soil conditioner and artificial soil - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a continuously mass-producible soil conditioner, hardly converting particles into a fine powder, having ideal water absorbing and water holding properties, good in yield of carbonization and capable of reducing the production cost. SOLUTION: This soil conditioner is produced by mixing a waste mushroom culture medium through water with an inorganic caking material comprising fine particles, covering the surface of the waste mushroom culture medium with the inorganic caking material into the form of a thin film and baking the resultant particles of the waste mushroom culture medium so as to carbonize.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a soil conditioner and artificial soil.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, charcoal has been widely known and commonly used as a soil conditioner. Further, conventionally, in order to obtain charcoal, a method of pooling a combustible substance in a combustion space having an obstructing property, burning a gas component, and carbonizing the combustible substance has been adopted. This method is, so to speak, a closed type (batch type) carbonization furnace, and by suppressing the supply amount of oxygen into the carbonization furnace, carbonized combustible substances are prevented from further oxidizing to form ash. Further, since it is a closed type, the temperature in the carbonization furnace can be maintained at a high temperature, the gas component can be extracted from the inside of the combustible material such as the core of wood, and the large combustible material can be carbonized.

[0003]

However, the conventional closed-type carbonization furnace is effective in producing charcoal from a large combustible material such as wood, but yields in the case of carbonizing granular material. Is bad, and most of it becomes ash. Even if it did not become ash, there was a problem that the carbonized particles were brittle and easily pulverized. And although it has a predetermined water absorption and water retention, it was not ideal. Further, since the combustibles are once pooled in the carbonization furnace, continuous production cannot be performed, resulting in poor production efficiency. Therefore, there is a problem that it is not suitable for industrially producing a large amount of carbide. In particular, granular particles that are easily oxidized were not suitable for mass production.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to improve the soil so that the particles are not easily pulverized, have ideal water absorption and water retention properties, have a good carbonization yield, can be continuously mass-produced, and can reduce the production cost. To provide timber and artificial soil.

[0005]

The present inventor has the following structure to achieve the above object. That is, the present invention, the mushroom waste medium, and an inorganic binder consisting of fine particles are mixed via water, the particles of the mushroom waste medium coated with the inorganic binder in a thin film carbonization, It is a soil conditioner characterized by being produced by firing as much as possible.

The present invention also resides in an artificial soil characterized by being prepared by mixing the above-mentioned soil improving material with a mushroom waste medium.

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below. First, the soil improving material according to the present invention will be described. Soil improving material according to the present invention, a mushroom waste medium, and an inorganic binder consisting of fine particles are mixed via water, the particles of the mushroom waste medium coated with a thin film surface of the inorganic binder Is produced by firing to carbonize. Since it is covered with the inorganic binder, the inside becomes a carbonized part and the surface layer becomes a ceramic coating layer. The ceramic coating layer is in a state where countless holes are opened.

[0008] As described above, when the particles of the mushroom waste medium are used as the starting material and the surface of the material is coated with the inorganic binder and fired, the carbonization can be performed with a high yield even when firing in an atmosphere open to the atmosphere. . The carbonization rate (charcoal yield) depends on conditions such as the addition ratio of the inorganic binder, but for example, if the addition amount of bentonite, which is an example of the inorganic binder, is about 5% of the weight of the mushroom waste medium, The yield can be more than doubled as compared with the case of the closed type described in the section of the prior art. Moreover, when it is baked without coating the bentonite, it completely turns into ash. This is because the combustible component is coated with fine particles of an inorganic binder,
It is considered that the gas component of the particles of the mushroom waste medium is burned, but the oxidation of the carbon component is suppressed.

[0009] By the way, the mushroom waste medium is a waste medium that is discarded after artificial growth of mushrooms, after mushroom hyphae propagate and nest and mushrooms are harvested. The artificial cultivation of mushrooms is carried out with mushrooms such as mushrooms, shimeji mushrooms, or shiitake mushrooms. As a component of the mushroom medium, ogre powder (sawdust), corncob made by crushing corn cores, rice bran, and the like are used. Generally, it is said that a medium containing ogre flour as a main component is suitable for cultivating Enoki mushroom and a medium containing corncob as a main component is suitable for cultivating this shimeji mushroom. As the above-mentioned inorganic binder, so-called clay-based binders such as refractory clay, bentonite, and special clay are preferable, and the bentonite oxidation inhibiting effect is particularly large.

In order to coat the particles (raw material) of the mushroom waste medium with the inorganic binder, if the raw material contains sufficient water, it is necessary to add sufficient water without adding new water. If not, it is sufficient to add new water and simply knead. Even if the film is thin, it has a sufficient effect of suppressing oxidation.

The soil improving material produced as described above includes
It has the following features. First, since the ceramic coating layer is formed by firing the inorganic binder, the yield of carbonization is good, and the particles are firmly formed, making it difficult to pulverize. Therefore, it is easy to handle, and even when it is sprayed on a field, it is not easily scattered by the wind and is very easy to use. In addition, most of the ordinary charcoal floats on water, whereas the soil conditioner of the present invention has good water retention and does not float on water. Therefore, when the soil improving material of the present invention is sprayed on the ground, it easily fits in the soil and easily enters the soil. In addition, since the oxidation is preferably suppressed by the coating of the inorganic binder, mass production can be continuously performed in an atmosphere that is open to the atmosphere such as a carbonization furnace described later, and thus the production cost can be reduced.

[0012] The waste medium of mushrooms is mainly composed of ogre powder or the like after mushroom hyphae have proliferated and nested, and fine holes are formed in the ogre powder or the like. Further, in the ceramic coating layer, innumerable holes formed by, for example, ejecting gas when the gas component of the raw material burns are formed. The soil improving material thus formed is an ideal porous material, and its water absorption and water retention are ideally excellent. Experimentally, 40 g of soil amendment according to the invention in a 200 cc cup was able to hold about 160 g of water (160 g of water did not fall when the cup was inverted). On the other hand, in a carbide formed by firing a simple ogre powder coated with bentonite on the surface, 40 g of the carbide was put in a 200 cc cup and an experiment was conducted in the same manner as the above condition. Although it was retained, it was clearly inferior to the water retention capacity of the soil conditioner according to the present invention.

Next, the artificial soil according to the present invention will be described. The artificial soil according to the present invention is characterized by being provided by mixing the soil improving material according to the present invention and a mushroom waste medium. That is, this artificial soil is provided by mixing the same raw material with carbonized raw material and raw raw material. As a result, it is possible to effectively use the mushroom waste medium that was difficult to treat as waste. In order to preferably mix the soil conditioner and the waste culture medium, kneading may be performed using a ribbon mixer or the like. By kneading, the particles can be changed from aggregated particles to single particles, and the soil improving material and the unbroken mushroom waste medium can be suitably mixed. The step of mixing and kneading may be carried out immediately after the mushroom waste medium is scraped from the mushroom cultivation bottle. The mushroom mushroom waste culture medium is suitable because it has an appropriate water content. Also,
Even in a waste mushroom medium containing a large amount of water, the soil improving material has a high water absorption property, and thus can be mixed appropriately.

Immediately after scraping out the mushroom waste medium from the bottle, it is in a state where no germs (blue mold, red mold, etc.) are contained, and the moisture is absorbed by the kneading with the soil conditioner to propagate the germs. (Deterioration) can be prevented. Further, by mixing and kneading, the particles of the soil improving material,
The mushroom waste medium is in a state of being adhered (coated) substantially uniformly around the particles of the medium. The mushroom waste medium itself is an organic substance and is capable of propagating various bacteria. However, when the soil improving material, which is a charcoal-based substance rich in antibacterial properties, is attached to the surroundings, the bacteria cannot be propagated. Thereby, it can be suitably used and stored as an artificial soil containing a mushroom waste medium (those containing organic matter that has not been spoiled).

As described above, the pH can be adjusted freely by mixing the soil conditioner and the mushroom waste medium. For example, the pH (hydrogen ion concentration index) can be made neutral by suitably adjusting the mixing ratio of the soil conditioner and the mushroom waste medium, and it can be used as a suitable culture soil. For example, p of carbonized soil conditioner
If H is an alkaline of about 9 and the pH of the mushroom waste medium is acidic of about 5, a neutral artificial soil can be obtained by setting the mixing ratio to about 1: 1. Further, by freely selecting the mixing ratio, it is possible to easily prepare and obtain an artificial soil suitable for a specific plant. The pH itself of the soil conditioner can also be adjusted by the type of the inorganic binder or the firing conditions. As described above, the artificial soil according to the present invention can be widely used as a culture soil having excellent properties such as water retention and pH adjustment. For example,
It can also be suitably used as soil for hydroponic cultivation.

Next, a manufacturing apparatus for producing the soil conditioner according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating a carbonization furnace that produces a carbide such as the soil improving material.
Reference numeral 10 denotes a furnace part, which uses a combustible material whose surface is coated with an inorganic binder or a material containing the combustible material as a raw material (a mushroom waste medium in the present invention), and carbonizes the combustible material as a raw material to continuously form the carbide. For efficient production, it is formed in a tubular shape with both ends open. Unlike conventional closed-type carbonization furnaces,
Both ends of the cylindrical furnace portion 10 are open, which is, so to speak, an open type carbonization furnace.

The furnace section 10 is provided so as to be divided into a plurality of pieces in the longitudinal direction. That is, a plurality of unit cylindrical furnaces 10a, 10a, ... Are connected to form the furnace unit 10. The unit cylindrical furnace 10a has flanges 1 at both ends.
1 and 11 are formed, and the flange 11 is used to connect in the longitudinal direction with a screw or the like to form a long furnace part 10 in a cylindrical shape. Since it is configured in this way, it can be easily manufactured and maintenance can be easily performed. The aging parts such as the combustion part can be partially replaced as consumables.

The furnace section 10 is formed in a long tubular shape, and a drying section A for drying the raw material and a carbonization section B for igniting and burning the raw material can be suitably provided depending on the length. In addition, the rotational movement around the axis of the furnace section 10,
The raw material can be fed from the charging port 12 to the discharging port 14 through the inside of the furnace portion 10 by a spiral feeding means described later. The raw material is dried on the side of the charging port 12 at one end of the furnace unit 10, ignited in the middle, and the gas is burned up to the discharging port 14 at the other end, so that finally carbides are discharged from the discharging port 14.
It is discharged from. Therefore, if this furnace unit 10 is used, granular raw materials can be continuously fed and carbides can be continuously discharged, and a large amount of carbides can be industrially efficiently produced.

Reference numeral 16 is a burner, which is arranged so as to face the discharge port 14. This burner 16 is used to burn the flame 10
It radiates in and burns mainly gas components of the raw material. The flow of combustion air is in the direction opposite to the direction in which the raw material is sent.
By blowing the combustion air (heated dry air) through the furnace section 10, the raw materials sequentially fed later can be suitably dried. The heat of burning the gas component generated from the raw material can be effectively used. Therefore, even a raw material containing water can be suitably dried and carbonized, and a carbide can be efficiently obtained. 18 is a chimney from which exhaust gas is discharged. To eliminate the bad odor generated when drying the raw materials,
An afterburner may be installed in the portion of the chimney 18.

Reference numeral 20 denotes a driving roller, which is rotatably mounted on a base 22 and is a motor 24 which is an example of a driving device.
It is rotationally driven by the chain mechanism 25. The drive roller 20 is a unit cylindrical furnace 10a of the furnace section 10,
The outer peripheral surfaces of the flanges 11 connected to each other 10a are in contact with each other, and the furnace portion 10 is supported so as to be rotatable about the axis. Reference numeral 26 denotes a driven roller, which supports the furnace unit 10 in a pair and is rotatably provided so that the furnace unit 10 can be rotated about its axis. Therefore, when the driving roller 20 is rotated by the driving force of the motor 24, the cylindrical furnace portion 10 can be rotated around the axis. It is needless to say that the invention is not limited to the rotary drive device having the above-described configuration, and can be appropriately configured by combining a gear mechanism, a belt mechanism, a speed reduction mechanism, and the like.

Next, the details of the furnace section 10 will be described. Furnace part 10
Is a metal material (for example, stainless steel (SUS)
Material) and a cylindrical inner cylinder member 28, and a metal material,
The inner tubular member 28 is inserted into the inner tubular member 28 to form a double tube. The tubular outer tubular member 30 has a diameter larger than that of the inner tubular member 28, and the inner tubular member 28 and the outer tubular member 30. And a heat insulating material layer 32 provided in the gap. As an example of the heat insulating material layer 32, a ceramic fiber hardened with an adhesive material can be used. The heat insulating material layer 32 is provided because the furnace portion made of a metal material has high heat dissipation and it is difficult to maintain the combustion temperature.

Inside the inner cylinder member 28, a spiral 34, which is a spiral feed blade (screw) for feeding the raw material from the inlet 12 to the outlet 14, is fixed. The spiral 34 is the inner tubular member 2 of the unit tubular furnace 10a.
8 and the length of the outer cylinder member 30 are set to be substantially the same. That is, the spiral 34 is also divided into a large number in the longitudinal direction of the furnace section 10. The spirals of the spirals 34 may not be in a continuous state when the unit cylindrical furnaces 10a are connected. However, when the spirals 34 are uniformly arranged in the direction in which the raw materials can be fed, the unit cylindrical furnaces 10a
Since the spiral 34 provided at the position can act to feed the raw material, there is no functional inconvenience.

According to the carbonization furnace having the above-mentioned structure, when the raw material is charged from the charging port 12, it is moved toward the discharging port by the action of the spirals 34 and 34a which rotate with the rotation of the furnace section 10. . The spiral 34a is fixed to the unit cylindrical furnace 10 closest to the charging port 12, and
It rotates together with it and feeds the raw material charged into the supply box 13. Reference numeral 42 denotes a cover, which covers the raw material so as not to drop from the gap between the furnace section 10 and the supply box 13. Ignition is performed by a burner 16 provided opposite to the discharge port. In the burner 16, the intensity of the radiated flame is adjusted so that the raw material that is continuously fed is continuously carbonized (combusted). Depending on the type of raw material, the burner 16 may only need to blow air because the raw material itself burns gas components.

The raw material is combusted at the discharge port 14 side, and the charging port 1
On the second side, the hot air generated by the combustion of the raw material becomes hot air together with the air blown by the burner 16, and the raw material can be dried efficiently. It saves energy for drying the raw materials. Since the combustible material as the raw material is covered with an inorganic binder such as bentonite and its oxidation is suppressed, the gasified combustion material burns, but the oxidation of carbon is suppressed. Therefore, the combustion temperature is usually suppressed to about 700 to 800 ° C. Since the combustion temperature is low as described above, the inner cylinder member 28 is formed of a metal material such as stainless steel, but there is no problem in durability and the like.

As described above, the raw material is carbonized to form a carbide (the soil improving material in the present invention), which is discharged from the discharge port. Oxidation of the carbide is suppressed, so that when it is discharged, the temperature is suddenly deprived, the fire is extinguished immediately after being discharged, and it is possible to efficiently produce a carbide that is called granular granular coal. Then, if the soil improving material continuously produced as described above is continuously mixed with the unbroken mushroom waste medium, the artificial soil can be efficiently produced and the production cost can be reduced. As described above, the present invention has been described variously with reference to preferred embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and it is needless to say that many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. That is.

[0026]

According to the soil conditioner of the present invention, the particles of the mushroom waste culture medium, the surface of which is coated with the inorganic binder in the form of a thin film, are produced by firing for carbonization. For this reason,
The particles are less likely to be pulverized, have ideal water absorption and water retention properties, have a good carbonization yield, and can be mass-produced continuously, so that the production cost can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating a carbonization furnace that produces a soil improvement material according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Furnace part 12 Input port 14 Discharge port 16 Burner 18 Chimney 20 Drive roller 24 Motor 28 Inner cylinder member 30 Outer cylinder member 32 Insulation material layer 34 Spiral 38 Split cylinder material 40 Fixed piece

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. Mushroom waste medium and an inorganic binder comprising fine particles are mixed via water, and the particles of the mushroom waste medium whose surface is coated with the inorganic binder are carbonized. A soil improvement material that is produced by firing as much as possible. 2. An artificial soil provided by mixing the soil conditioner according to claim 1 and a mushroom waste medium.