JPH09314524A - Fiber board and its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fiber board which is inexpensive and strong, does not contain formaldehyde and residual organic solvents, and does not affect housing environment by controlling the density within a prescribed range in a fiber board obtained by hot-pressing coconut fibers without adding an adhesive. SOLUTION: A fiber board 1 is obtained by hot-pressing coconut fibers without adding an adhesive, and its density is 0.3-1.5g/cm<3> . In the board 1, the coconut fibers, vegetable fibers, contain a large amount of components which are softened by heating such as lignin and saccharide. Accordingly, by the solidification of the components after being melted by heating, fibers can be bonded strongly to each other. The coconut fibers 100-600μm in diameter are formed from numbers of tubular fibers 10-30μm in diameter so that they have good moldability, and the high density fiber board 1 by hot press has high strength. The fiber boards 1 containing no adhesive are used in building to obtain comfortable housing environment.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fiber board similar to a wood fiber board, and relates to a fiber board which is inexpensive and has excellent strength and is used for construction purposes.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, wood fiberboards have been used mainly for building applications. Among the wood-based fiber boards, the soft fiber board uses wood chips as a main raw material, which is defibrated and molded by a papermaking method without adding an adhesive. On the other hand, the medium quality fiberboard has a strength increased by further adding a thermosetting resin.

[0003]

Although the soft fiber board is relatively inexpensive as compared with the medium fiber board, it cannot be said to have sufficient strength because it is not reinforced with a thermosetting resin. In that respect, the medium fiberboard is excellent in strength,
In recent years, as the airtightness of houses has been increasing, it has been demanded to reduce low molecular weight compounds contained in the adhesive, such as formaldehyde and residual organic solvent.

The present invention has been made by paying attention to such a point, and by using inexpensive palm fiber and heating and compressing it without adding an adhesive, the content of palm fiber is utilized. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fiber board which is inexpensive, has high strength, does not contain formaldehyde, residual organic solvent, etc. and does not adversely affect the living environment. In addition, the manufacturing method is also proposed.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, the fiber board according to claim 1 is a fiber board obtained by heating and compressing coconut fiber without adding an adhesive. , Density of 0.3 g / cm ^{3 to} 1.5 g / cm ³
The method adopted as the range is adopted.

[0006] Palm fiber refers to fibers such as fibrous bark, petiole base fiber, mesocarp fiber and the like collected from plants of the palm family such as coconut and oil palm. Fibers obtained by fibrillation are included. Also, a mixture of a plurality of types of coconut fibers is included.

In the fiber board according to the first aspect, the palm fiber, which is a vegetable fiber, contains a large amount of components such as lignin and sugar which are softened by heating. Therefore, when these are melted by heating and then hardened, the fibers are strongly bonded to each other. In addition, since the coconut fiber has a large number of tubular fibers having a diameter of about 10 to 30 μm and becomes a fiber having a diameter of about 100 to 600 μm, it has good moldability, and the high-density fiberboard obtained by heat compression has excellent strength. .

Further, since no adhesive agent is added to the palm fiber, the obtained fiberboard does not contain formaldehyde, residual organic solvent, etc., so that a comfortable living environment is provided when it is used as a floor material, an interior material, etc. It

The fiber board of claim 2 is the same as that of claim 1.
The method of using palm fibers as oil palm fibers was adopted.

In this fiber board, since oil palm fiber is used as the palm fiber, the labor required for defibration etc. is less than that of other types of palm fiber, and therefore the energy required for manufacturing can be saved and the cost can be reduced. Economically cheap. For example, coconut fiber tends to require a large amount of energy for a long period of time to immerse it in water for a long time to soften the coconut shell, and then mechanically disintegrate it into a fibrous form. On the other hand, in the oil palm, since the empty fruit bunch that is originally an aggregate in a fibrous state is defibrated, it is not necessary to soak in water, and the energy required for defibration is very small, which is preferable. .

Furthermore, since the oil palm fiber has a greater degree of bending than the coconut fiber, the entanglement between the fibers is also large. Further, since the fiber is slightly thick and the density of the fiber itself is slightly low, the fiber itself is easily deformed by compression, which is preferable in terms of moldability.

According to the method for producing a fiberboard of claim 3, the coconut fiber is heated at a temperature of 100 ° C. to 250 without adding an adhesive agent.
A means of heating and compressing at a temperature of 0 ° C. and a compressing force of 2 MPa to 50 MPa was adopted.

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a fiberboard 1 of the present invention.
This fiber board 1 is obtained by heating and compressing coconut fibers.

The fiber board 1 has a density of 0.3 g / cm ³ to
1.5 g / cm ³ is preferable, 0.4 g / cm ^{3 to} 1.3
g / cm ³ is more preferable, and 0.5 g / cm ^{3 to} 1.2.
Most preferred is g / cm ³ . The reason is that the density is 0.3
This is because if it is less than g / cm ³ , it tends to be difficult to obtain sufficient strength. This sufficient strength is, for example, 200
N / cm ² or more, preferably 300 N / cm ² or more, and more preferably 500 N / cm ² or more.
However, since this strength is not determined only by the relationship with the density, it cannot be discussed with a unique relationship between the strength and the density. On the other hand, the upper limit of the strength is, for example, 150
Although about 0 N / cm ² is exemplified, this is also difficult to say unconditionally because it is affected by the density, molding conditions and the like.
Further, a fiber board having a weight of more than 1.5 g / cm ³ has a high possibility of being compressed and broken due to an increase in compression force, so that it is difficult to obtain by heat compression, and the fiber board becomes heavy and handling such as carrying is difficult. It is not preferable because it deteriorates the property.

Oil palm fiber is suitable as the above-mentioned palm fiber, and this oil palm fiber is obtained by defibrating empty fruit bunches of oil palm. In addition, the oil palm fiber is washed as necessary to remove oil and odor. Further, since lignin, sugar and the like in the fiber are easily softened by water, it is preferable to adjust the water content in the oil palm fiber if necessary. The water content of the oil palm fiber is preferably 100% by weight or less based on the weight of the oil palm fiber, and more preferably 5%.
~ 50% by weight. The cross-sectional diameter of a single oil palm fiber is 1
The length is about 00 to 600 μm, and the hair length, that is, the length is about 5 to 30 cm, and the entanglement can be expected to be highly sophisticated. Further, the defibrated coconut fibers include shorter fibers and fibers having a larger cross-sectional diameter, but sufficient strength can be obtained by heating and compressing such fibers while they are mixed. Moreover, oil palm oil can be exploited from the oil palm fruit, but the empty fruit bunch remaining after harvesting this fruit has no specific use at present and is usually destined to be discarded, so it is low cost. It has the advantage of being available. Furthermore, the labor required for defibration and the like is less than that of other types of palm fibers, and therefore the energy required for production can be reduced, and this is also preferable in terms of cost reduction.

To improve the water resistance of the fiber board 1 of the present invention, a wax-type or rosin-type water-proofing agent is added if necessary. However, a thermosetting resin such as phenol resin, rubber latex, Do not use adhesives such as vinyl acetate. Moreover, you may mix | blend plant components, such as wheat flour, if needed.

The manufacturing method of the fiber board 1 is not particularly limited, and a molding method which is usually used for heat compression molding can be used. For example, it is performed by a double belt press 2 including a steel belt 3 and a pressure / heating box 4 as shown in FIG. A hopper 5 is provided above the double belt press 2 and palm fiber is put in the hopper 5. Then, the steel belt 3 is operated, the coconut fiber is dropped and supplied from the hopper 5 to the steel belt 3, and is heated and compression-molded by the pressure / heating box 4. Heat compression molding is performed at 100 to 250 ° C for 2
MPa to 50 MPa, preferably 150 ° C. to 220
It is carried out at 5 ° C. to 20 MPa at 0 ° C. If the temperature is less than 100 ° C., the softening of the palm fiber is insufficient and the return after compression becomes large, and the strength of the obtained fiber board 1 is, for example, 200 N /
This is because it becomes weaker than less than cm ² . On the other hand, if the temperature exceeds 250 ° C., heating by oil used as a heating medium tends to be difficult, and electric heating is performed, but running cost tends to increase. Further, when the compression force is less than 2 MPa, the strength of the fiber board 1 obtained is insufficient, for example, less than 200 N / cm ^2, because the compression force is insufficient. Further, even if the compression force is further increased beyond 50 MPa, the effect of increasing the density is small, and therefore the effect of increasing the strength is small.
Further, in order to manufacture a fiber board having a size of, for example, more than 1000 mm × 1000 mm, the pressing machine tends to be large and the equipment cost tends to be high.

In the above embodiment, the double belt press 2 is used.
However, the palm fiber mat may be once formed into a predetermined size by mechanical treatment such as needle punching, and the palm fiber may be molded by a batch-type heating compressor.

[0019]

EXAMPLES The present invention will now be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Basis weight 3.5 kg /
The oil palm fiber mat of m ² was heated at a temperature of 20 by a compressor.
A fiberboard having a thickness of 3.5 mm was obtained by heating and compressing at 0 ° C. and a compressing force of 20 MPa for 10 minutes. The fiberboard obtained has a density of 0.95 g / cm ³ and a bending strength of 570.
N / cm ² . The density and bending strength are JIS
5906 Measured according to the evaluation method of the medium quality fiberboard.

[0020]

As described above, according to the fiber board of claim 1, since inexpensive palm fiber is used and heat-compressed without an adhesive, an inexpensive fiber board can be provided. In addition, the coconut fiber contains many components such as lignin and sugar that are softened by heating, and the tubular fiber has a thickness of 100 to 6
Since it is a fiber having a diameter of 00 μm, its moldability is good, and the fiber board heated and compressed under high pressure has excellent strength. Also, low molecular weight compounds due to adhesives such as formaldehyde,
Since it does not contain a component such as a residual organic solvent that easily affects the living environment, it is suitable as a fiber board used for construction purposes such as flooring and interior materials.

According to the fiber board of the second aspect, since the oil palm fiber is used as the palm fiber, in addition to the above effects, the energy required for manufacturing can be reduced and the cost can be reduced. Further, the oil palm fiber is more preferable because it has a greater degree of bending than the coconut fiber, and thus the entanglement between the fibers is large, the diameter thereof is slightly large, and the fiber density is small, and thus the moldability is good.

According to claim 3, a manufacturing method suitable for the fiber board of claim 1 can be proposed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a fiberboard of an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a double belt press according to an embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 fiberboard

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. Without adding an adhesive to the palm fiber,
This was a fiberboard obtained by heating compression, fiberboard having a density in the range of ^{0.3g / cm 3 ~1.5g / cm 3} . 2. The palm fiber is a fiber of oil palm.
The described fiberboard. 3. Without adding an adhesive to the palm fiber,
The temperature is 100 ° C. to 250 ° C., the compression force is 2 MPa to 50
The method for producing a fiber board according to claim 1, wherein the fiber board is heated and compressed in the range of MPa.