JPH09292522A - Phase difference plate and liquid crystal device provided with the same - Google Patents
Phase difference plate and liquid crystal device provided with the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09292522A JPH09292522A JP8108170A JP10817096A JPH09292522A JP H09292522 A JPH09292522 A JP H09292522A JP 8108170 A JP8108170 A JP 8108170A JP 10817096 A JP10817096 A JP 10817096A JP H09292522 A JPH09292522 A JP H09292522A
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- retardation plate
- retardation
- crystal molecules
- parallel
- Prior art date
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- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、液晶表示パネルの
リタデーションを打ち消すための位相差板を備えた液晶
装置に関し、特に光学的に負の１軸異方性を有する位相
差板を備えた液晶装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal device having a retardation plate for canceling the retardation of a liquid crystal display panel, and more particularly to a liquid crystal device having a retardation plate having optically negative uniaxial anisotropy. It relates to the device.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、液晶表示パネルのリタデーション
を打ち消すための位相差板については既に特開平７−１
３４２１３、特開平７−１４６４０９、特開平７−２６
７９０２、特開平７−２８１０２８、特開平７−２８７
１１９、特開平７−２８７１２０等が開示されており、
特にＴＮタイプの液晶パネルの広視野角化に顕著な効果
を発揮している。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a retardation plate for canceling the retardation of a liquid crystal display panel has already been disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-1.
34213, JP-A-7-146409, and JP-A-7-26.
7902, JP-A-7-281028, JP-A-7-287
119 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-287120 are disclosed.
In particular, it has a remarkable effect in widening the viewing angle of the TN type liquid crystal panel.
【０００３】図１２は、このような位相差板の典型的な
利用形態を示すものであり、同図において、１は液晶
層、２は一対の基板ガラス、４は基板ガラス２の外面に
配された一対の偏光板（ポラライザー＆アナライザ
ー）、３は位相差板であり、この位相差板３は各偏光板
４の内側（液晶層側）にそれぞれ装着されるようになっ
ている。なお、この位相差板３は、偏光板４と一体化し
て用いられるのが一般的である。FIG. 12 shows a typical usage of such a retardation plate. In FIG. 12, 1 is a liquid crystal layer, 2 is a pair of substrate glasses, and 4 is an outer surface of the substrate glass 2. A pair of polarizing plates (polarizer & analyzer) 3 thus formed is a retardation plate, and the retardation plate 3 is mounted inside each polarizing plate 4 (on the liquid crystal layer side). The retardation plate 3 is generally used integrally with the polarizing plate 4.
【０００４】ところで、図１３に示したように棒状液晶
分子１０の長手方向が、それを挟み込むガラス基板２の
面方向と常に平行及びそれに近い傾き角で配向するイン
プレインスイッチング型ネマチック液晶パネルや強誘電
性液晶パネル等のような所謂インプレインモードの液晶
パネル５については、その液晶モードの特性からもとも
と比較的視野角特性が広いため漏れ光が少なく、敢えて
位相差板を利用してまで視野角特性を改善しようとする
試みはほとんど為されていなかった。なお、同図におい
て、２１は透明電極、２２は配向膜である。By the way, as shown in FIG. 13, an in-plane switching type nematic liquid crystal panel or a strong liquid crystal panel in which the longitudinal direction of the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecule 10 is always aligned in parallel with the plane direction of the glass substrate 2 sandwiching the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecule 10 and at an inclination angle close to it. The so-called in-plane mode liquid crystal panel 5 such as a dielectric liquid crystal panel has a relatively wide viewing angle characteristic because of its liquid crystal mode characteristic, so that leak light is small, and even if a phase difference plate is used, the viewing angle is intentionally increased. Very few attempts have been made to improve its properties. In the figure, 21 is a transparent electrode and 22 is an alignment film.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、このようなイ
ンプレインモードの液晶パネルを備えた従来の液晶装置
において、液晶パネルの視野角特性はＴＮ液晶パネルに
比べればかなり広いものであるが、液晶分子の配向方向
との兼ね合いで少し視野角の狭い方向が存在し、この方
向において漏れ光が発生している。このため、所謂スー
パーＴＦＴ（ＡＳＩＡ ＤＩＳＰＬＡＹ´９５ Ｓ３０
−２，Ｓ３０−１）や強誘電性液晶パネル等のインプレ
インモードの液晶パネルについては、このような視野角
特性を改善する必要がある。However, in the conventional liquid crystal device provided with such an in-plane mode liquid crystal panel, the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal panel are considerably wider than those of the TN liquid crystal panel. There is a direction in which the viewing angle is slightly narrow in consideration of the orientation direction of molecules, and leak light is generated in this direction. Therefore, a so-called super TFT (ASIA DISPLAY '95 S30
-2, S30-1) and the liquid crystal panel of the in-plane mode such as the ferroelectric liquid crystal panel, it is necessary to improve such viewing angle characteristics.
【０００６】本発明はこのような点に鑑み成されたもの
であり、インプレインモードの液晶パネルの全体的な視
野角特性を改善することのできる位相差板及びこれを備
えた液晶装置を提供することを目的とするものである。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a retardation plate and a liquid crystal device having the retardation plate capable of improving the overall viewing angle characteristics of an in-plane mode liquid crystal panel. The purpose is to do.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、光学的に負の
１軸異方性を有する位相差板であって、光学軸が面方向
に平行または略平行であることを特徴とするものであ
る。The present invention is a retardation plate having optically negative uniaxial anisotropy, wherein the optical axis is parallel or substantially parallel to the plane direction. Is.
【０００８】また本発明は、光学的に負の１軸異方性を
有する位相差板であって、透明面状体上にディスコティ
ック液晶分子を配向固定して位相差層を形成する一方、
前記位相差層を形成する際、前記液晶分子は光学軸が前
記透明面状体の面方向に平行または略平行となるよう該
液晶分子のディスク面が前記面方向に対して垂直また略
垂直になるように配向固定されることを特徴とするもの
である。Further, the present invention is a retardation plate having optically negative uniaxial anisotropy, in which discotic liquid crystal molecules are aligned and fixed on a transparent sheet to form a retardation layer.
When forming the retardation layer, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged such that the disc surface of the liquid crystal molecules is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the plane direction so that the optical axis is parallel or substantially parallel to the plane direction of the transparent planar body. It is characterized in that the orientation is fixed so that
【０００９】また本発明は、正の１軸異方性を有する棒
状液晶分子を挟持する一対のガラス基板と、前記ガラス
基板の外面に装着された一対の偏光板とを有する一方、
前記棒状液晶分子が前記ガラス基板の面方向と常に平行
またはほぼ平行になるモードの液晶表示パネルを備えた
液晶装置において、前記液晶表示パネルの黒表示時にお
ける漏れ光を減少させるよう前記ガラス基板と偏光板と
の間の少なくとも一方に前記請求項１又は請求項２項記
載の位相差板を設けたことを特徴とするものである。Further, the present invention comprises a pair of glass substrates sandwiching rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules having positive uniaxial anisotropy, and a pair of polarizing plates mounted on the outer surface of the glass substrate.
In a liquid crystal device including a liquid crystal display panel in which the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules are always parallel or substantially parallel to the surface direction of the glass substrate, the glass substrate is used to reduce light leakage during black display of the liquid crystal display panel. The retardation plate according to claim 1 or 2 is provided on at least one of the polarizing plates.
【００１０】また本発明は、前記位相差板を、黒表示時
の前記棒状液晶分子の向きと該位相差板の光軸の向きと
が一致するように前記ガラス基板と偏光板との間に設け
たことを特徴とするものである。Further, in the present invention, the retardation plate is provided between the glass substrate and the polarizing plate so that the orientation of the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules at the time of black display and the orientation of the optical axis of the retardation plate coincide with each other. It is characterized by being provided.
【００１１】また本発明は、前記位相差板を、該位相差
板の光軸の向きと、前記棒状液晶分子の向きと、照明光
入射側の前記偏光板の透過軸方向とが一致するように前
記ガラス基板と偏光板との間に設けたことを特徴とする
ものである。In the present invention, the retardation plate may be arranged such that the optical axis direction of the retardation plate, the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecule direction, and the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate on the illumination light incident side coincide with each other. In addition, it is provided between the glass substrate and the polarizing plate.
【００１２】また本発明は、前記位相差板のΔｎｄの値
が前記液晶表示パネルの液晶層のΔｎｄの値と同じ又は
ほぼ同じであることを特徴とするものである。The present invention is also characterized in that the value of Δnd of the retardation plate is the same as or substantially the same as the value of Δnd of the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display panel.
【００１３】また本発明は、前記位相差板を前記ガラス
基板と偏光板との間にそれぞれ設けた場合は、それぞれ
の前記位相差板のΔｎｄの値の合計が前記液晶層のΔｎ
ｄの値と同じ又はほぼ同じであることを特徴とするもの
である。Further, according to the present invention, when the retardation plate is provided between the glass substrate and the polarizing plate, the sum of the Δnd values of the respective retardation plates is Δn of the liquid crystal layer.
It is characterized in that it is the same as or almost the same as the value of d.
【００１４】また本発明は、前記液晶表示パネルとして
強誘電性液晶表示パネルを用いたことを特徴とするもの
である。The present invention is also characterized in that a ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel is used as the liquid crystal display panel.
【００１５】また、本発明のように透明面状体上にディ
スコティック液晶分子を配向固定して位相差層を形成す
る一方、位相差層を形成する際、液晶分子を、そのディ
スク面が透明面状体の面方向に対して垂直また略垂直に
なるように配向固定することにより、光学的に負の１軸
異方性を有する位相差板の光学軸を面方向に平行または
略平行となるようにする。Further, as in the present invention, the discotic liquid crystal molecules are aligned and fixed on the transparent sheet to form the retardation layer. On the other hand, when the retardation layer is formed, the liquid crystal molecules are transparent on the disc surface. The optical axis of the retardation plate having optically negative uniaxial anisotropy is made parallel or substantially parallel to the plane direction by fixing the orientation so as to be perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the plane direction of the planar body. To be
【００１６】さらに、正の１軸異方性を有する棒状液晶
分子を挟持する一対のガラス基板と、ガラス基板の外面
に装着された一対の偏光板との間の少なくとも一方に、
光学軸が面方向に平行または略平行な位相差板を設ける
ことにより、棒状液晶分子がガラス基板の面方向と常に
平行またはほぼ平行になるモードの液晶表示パネルの黒
表示時における漏れ光を減少させるようにする。Furthermore, at least one of a pair of glass substrates sandwiching rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules having positive uniaxial anisotropy and a pair of polarizing plates mounted on the outer surface of the glass substrate,
By providing a retardation plate whose optical axis is parallel or nearly parallel to the plane direction, the leakage light at the time of black display of the liquid crystal display panel in the mode that the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules are always parallel or nearly parallel to the plane direction of the glass substrate is reduced. I will let you.
【００１７】また、ガラス基板と偏光板との間に位相差
板を、位相差板の光軸の向きと、黒表示時の棒状液晶分
子の向きと、照明光入射側の偏光板の透過軸方向とが一
致するように設けることにより、液晶表示パネルの黒表
示時における漏れ光を減少させるようにする。Further, a retardation plate is provided between the glass substrate and the polarizing plate, the orientation of the optical axis of the retardation plate, the orientation of rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules during black display, and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate on the illumination light incident side. By providing the liquid crystal display so that the directions thereof coincide with each other, it is possible to reduce light leakage when the liquid crystal display panel displays black.
【００１８】さらに、位相差板のΔｎｄ値、又はガラス
基板と偏光板との間にそれぞれ設けられたそれぞれの位
相差板のΔｎｄ値の合計が液晶表示パネルの液晶層のΔ
ｎｄ値と同じ又はほぼ同じとすることにより、液晶表示
パネルの黒表示時における漏れ光を減少させるようにす
る。Further, the sum of the Δnd value of the retardation plate or the Δnd value of each retardation plate provided between the glass substrate and the polarizing plate is the Δ of the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display panel.
By setting the value to be the same as or almost the same as the nd value, it is possible to reduce the leakage light when the liquid crystal display panel displays black.
【００１９】[0019]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態につい
て図面を用いて説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００２０】図１は、本発明の第１の実施の形態に係る
位相差板の拡大断面構成図であり、同図において、３３
は透明面状体である透明なベースフィルムであり、ＴＡ
Ｃ（トリアセチルセルロース）から成るものである。３
２はポリイミド系樹脂又はアルキルシラン系からなる配
向膜であり、ベースフィルム３３上に薄膜コートされた
後、ラビング処理が施されたものである。３１はディス
コティック液晶分子３４のディスク面をベースフィルム
３３の面方向に対して垂直になるように配向固定して形
成された位相差層である。なお、３５は、後述するよう
にディスコティック液晶分子３４を固定するためのＵＶ
硬化型樹脂液である。FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional configuration diagram of a retardation plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG.
Is a transparent base film that is a transparent sheet, TA
It is composed of C (triacetyl cellulose). 3
Reference numeral 2 is an alignment film made of a polyimide resin or an alkylsilane, which is thinly coated on the base film 33 and then rubbed. Reference numeral 31 is a retardation layer formed by aligning and fixing the disc surface of the discotic liquid crystal molecules 34 so as to be perpendicular to the surface direction of the base film 33. Incidentally, 35 is UV for fixing the discotic liquid crystal molecules 34 as described later.
It is a curable resin liquid.
【００２１】ところで、このような位相差板３は、図２
に示す製法にて形成される。まず、（ａ）に示すように
１００μ厚のベースフィルム３３の表面上に後述するよ
うなハイプレチルトタイプの配向膜３２をディッピング
法によりコートし、次にこれを乾燥、焼成した後、例え
ば（ｂ）に示すようにラビングローラ５によりラビング
処理を行う。なお、（ｂ）の矢印Ｒはラビング方向を示
している。By the way, such a retardation plate 3 is shown in FIG.
It is formed by the manufacturing method shown in. First, as shown in (a), a high-pretilt type alignment film 32 as described later is coated on the surface of a base film 33 having a thickness of 100 μm by a dipping method, then dried and baked, and then, for example, (b ), The rubbing process is performed by the rubbing roller 5. The arrow R in (b) indicates the rubbing direction.
【００２２】次に、この配向膜３２上に、図３に示す一
般式で表されるディスコティック液晶のうち１種の単
体、またはこれら適宜をブレンドしたものと低粘度透明
ＵＶ硬化型樹脂液（例えばスリーボンド３０７０、ロッ
クタイト３６３等）とをミックスし（配合重量比＝１：
１〜３：１）、それをディッピングコートする。なお、
このような液晶材の側鎖Ｒについては同図の例以外の各
種構造のものでも良く、さらに末端のＨをＦ等各種元素
で置換しても良い。Next, on the alignment film 32, one of the discotic liquid crystals represented by the general formula shown in FIG. 3 or a mixture thereof is added with a low-viscosity transparent UV curable resin liquid ( For example, mix with ThreeBond 3070, Loctite 363, etc. (blending weight ratio = 1:
1-3: 1), dip coat it. In addition,
The side chain R of such a liquid crystal material may have various structures other than the example shown in the figure, and the terminal H may be replaced with various elements such as F.
【００２３】次に、このようにディスコティック液晶分
子３４と透明ＵＶ硬化型樹脂液との混合液がディッピン
グコートされたベースフィルム３３を、液晶がネマチッ
ク相になる温度にまで昇温する。そして、この昇温によ
り、ディスコティック液晶分子３４は、そのディスク面
がベースフィルム３３の面方向に対して立つと共にその
ディスク面の法線方向が（ｂ）の矢印Ｒに示すラビング
方向に倣うように配向するようになる。Next, the base film 33 thus dip-coated with the mixed liquid of the discotic liquid crystal molecules 34 and the transparent UV curable resin liquid is heated to a temperature at which the liquid crystal becomes a nematic phase. Due to this temperature rise, the discotic liquid crystal molecules 34 are arranged such that the disc surface thereof stands up against the plane direction of the base film 33 and the normal direction of the disc surface follows the rubbing direction indicated by the arrow R in (b). To be oriented.
【００２４】ここで、配向膜３２を構成する樹脂につい
てはディスコティック液晶種との兼ね合いも有るが、シ
ラン処理したポリイミド系のもの又はアルキルシラン系
のもの等、ディスク面がほぼ垂直に立って配向するよう
なハイプレチルトタイプものを選択するのが好ましい。Here, the resin forming the alignment film 32 has some compatibility with the discotic liquid crystal species, but the alignment is performed with the disk surface standing substantially vertically such as a silane-treated polyimide-based one or an alkylsilane-based one. It is preferable to select a high pretilt type.
【００２５】次に、このコーティングされたディスコテ
ィック液晶３４とＵＶ硬化型樹脂液３５との混合液に、
（ｃ）に示すようにＵＶ光を照射し、混合液を硬化させ
る。そして、このように混合液を硬化させることによ
り、ディスク面の法線方向がベースフィルム３３の面方
向に対して垂直になると共に、そのディスク面がラビン
グ方向に倣うように配向したディスコティック液晶３４
がその配向状態を維持したまま固定される。Next, the mixed liquid of the coated discotic liquid crystal 34 and the UV curable resin liquid 35 is added to
As shown in (c), UV light is irradiated to cure the mixed liquid. Then, by curing the mixed liquid in this way, the normal line direction of the disc surface becomes perpendicular to the plane direction of the base film 33, and the disc liquid crystal 34 is oriented so that the disc surface follows the rubbing direction.
Are fixed while maintaining their orientation state.
【００２６】ここで、このディスコティック液晶３４自
体は負の１軸異方性を有するため、各ディスコティック
液晶３４のディスク面の向く方向、つまりラビング方向
に沿った方向に負の１軸異方性を有する位相差層３１が
完成する。Here, since the discotic liquid crystal 34 itself has negative uniaxial anisotropy, the negative uniaxial anisotropy is in the direction of the disc surface of each discotic liquid crystal 34, that is, the direction along the rubbing direction. The retardation layer 31 having properties is completed.
【００２７】なお、このようにして位相差板３を形成す
る際、Δｎとディスコティック液晶層の厚さである位相
差層３１の厚さｄとの積Δｎｄ（リタデーション）が、
既述した図１３に示す対象とする液晶パネル５のインプ
レーン型液晶層のΔｎｄ1 の１／２となるように膜厚ｄ
を設定（ディスコティック液晶配合比及びディッピング
コート条件だし）する。When the retardation film 3 is formed in this manner, the product Δnd (retardation) of Δn and the thickness d of the retardation layer 31, which is the thickness of the discotic liquid crystal layer, is
The film thickness d is set to be 1/2 of Δnd 1 of the in-plane type liquid crystal layer of the target liquid crystal panel 5 shown in FIG.
Is set (discotic liquid crystal compounding ratio and dipping coat conditions are set).
【００２８】そして、このようにして製作された位相差
板３を、既述した図１２で示したように両偏光板４の内
側（液晶層側）に粘着剤によりそれぞれラミネート装着
する。これにより、２枚の位相差板３によるリタデーシ
ョンは、図１３に示すように正の１軸異方性を有する棒
状液晶分子１０がガラス基板２の面方向と常に平行にな
るインプレインモードの液晶パネル５の液晶層１のΔｎ
ｄ1 と一致する。Then, the retardation plate 3 manufactured in this manner is laminated and attached inside the both polarizing plates 4 (on the liquid crystal layer side) by an adhesive as shown in FIG. As a result, the retardation by the two retardation plates 3 is an in-plane mode liquid crystal in which the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules 10 having positive uniaxial anisotropy are always parallel to the surface direction of the glass substrate 2 as shown in FIG. Δn of liquid crystal layer 1 of panel 5
matches d 1 .
【００２９】次に、位相差板３を偏光板４に装着する際
の偏光光学的な条件を図４に示す。同図において、矢印
Ｐは照明光入射側の偏光板（ポラライザー）の透過軸方
向、矢印Ａは表示光出射側の偏光板（アナライザー）の
透過軸方向、Ｂは分子の２値駆動における一方である黒
表示時の棒状液晶分子（正の屈折率異方性を有するも
の）の向き、Ｗは棒状液晶分子の２値駆動における他方
である白表示時における向き、Ｄは２枚の位相差板３の
屈折率を合計した屈折率楕円体を表している。Next, FIG. 4 shows polarization optical conditions when the retardation plate 3 is attached to the polarizing plate 4. In the figure, an arrow P indicates a transmission axis direction of a polarizing plate (polarizer) on the illumination light incident side, an arrow A indicates a transmission axis direction of a polarizing plate (analyzer) on the display light emitting side, and B indicates one of binary driving of molecules. Orientation of rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules (those having positive refractive index anisotropy) during certain black display, W is the other orientation during binary driving of rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules, and orientation during white display, and D is two retardation plates 3 shows an index ellipsoid in which the refractive indices of 3 are summed up.
【００３０】ここで、２枚の位相差板３はその光学軸
（負の屈折率異方性の方向）は同じ方向を向いており、
本実施の形態においては、矢印Ｐ方向（照明光入射側の
偏光板の透過軸方向）を向くように設定している。そし
て、このように両側２枚の位相差板３を設定することに
より、２枚の位相差板３の合計リタデーション値は、図
１３に示す液晶層１のΔｎｄ1 に等しくなる。Here, the optical axes (directions of negative refractive index anisotropy) of the two retardation plates 3 are oriented in the same direction,
In the present embodiment, it is set so as to face the arrow P direction (the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate on the illumination light incident side). By setting the two retardation films 3 on both sides in this way, the total retardation value of the two retardation films 3 becomes equal to Δnd 1 of the liquid crystal layer 1 shown in FIG.
【００３１】一方、黒表示時の液晶分子の向きＢも、こ
のＰ方向となっており、このように位相差板３を設定し
た場合、特に黒表示時において液晶層１のリタデーショ
ンが位相差板３のリタデーションにより打ち消されるよ
うになるため、どのような視野角においても黒表示時に
はクロスニコルでの漏れ光が減少するようになる。On the other hand, the direction B of the liquid crystal molecules during black display is also in this P direction. When the retardation plate 3 is set in this way, the retardation of the liquid crystal layer 1 is particularly retarded during black display. Since it is canceled by the retardation of 3, leakage light in crossed Nicols is reduced at the time of black display at any viewing angle.
【００３２】さらに、白表示時の広視野角での透過率が
低くなるＷ方向（液晶分子の向いている方向）について
も、視野角の増加と共に生じるリタデーションの減少が
この屈折率楕円体Ｄにより緩和されるため、白表示時の
広視野角での透過率低下及び色味シフトとが共に改善さ
れるようになる。Further, also in the W direction (direction in which liquid crystal molecules are facing) in which the transmittance at a wide viewing angle during white display is low, the refractive index ellipsoid D causes a decrease in retardation which occurs as the viewing angle increases. Since this is alleviated, the decrease in transmittance and the shift in tint at a wide viewing angle during white display are both improved.
【００３３】なお、図５は、このような位相差板３を、
例えばインプレインモードの液晶パネル５の代表的なも
のである強誘電性液晶パネルに用いた場合の視野角特性
を、極座標表示で模式的に表した図であり、図６に示す
位相差板を用いなかった場合の視野角特性と比べて強誘
電性液晶パネルの視野角特性が向上していることがわか
る。なお、図５，６において、図中の数字はコントラス
トを、θ付数字はパネル法線からの傾き角（視角）を表
している。またこれらの図の上下方向は図４のＷ方向に
相当している。Incidentally, FIG. 5 shows such a retardation plate 3
For example, it is a diagram schematically showing the viewing angle characteristics in a polar coordinate display when used in a ferroelectric liquid crystal panel which is a typical one of the in-plane mode liquid crystal panel 5, and the phase difference plate shown in FIG. It can be seen that the viewing angle characteristics of the ferroelectric liquid crystal panel are improved as compared with the viewing angle characteristics when not used. 5 and 6, the numbers in the figures represent contrast, and the numbers with θ represent tilt angles (viewing angles) from the panel normal. The vertical direction of these figures corresponds to the W direction of FIG.
【００３４】一方、図７は、位相差板３を強誘電性液晶
パネルに用いた場合の色視野角特性を示したものであ
り、図８に示す位相差板３を用いなかった場合の色視野
角特性と比べると、強誘電性液晶パネルの色視角特性も
向上していることがわかる。なお、これら図７、８は、
パネルを上下左右方向にθを±６０°振った場合の白表
示時の色度変化を連続軌跡として表したものである。On the other hand, FIG. 7 shows the color viewing angle characteristics when the retardation plate 3 is used in a ferroelectric liquid crystal panel, and the colors when the retardation plate 3 shown in FIG. 8 is not used. It can be seen that the color viewing angle characteristics of the ferroelectric liquid crystal panel are improved as compared with the viewing angle characteristics. In addition, these FIGS.
It is a continuous locus showing changes in chromaticity during white display when θ is swung ± 60 ° in the vertical and horizontal directions.
【００３５】このように、位相差板３の光学軸と、照明
光入射側の偏光板４の透過軸と、黒表示時の液晶分子の
向きとを一致させると共に位相差板のΔｎｄ値が液晶層
のΔｎｄ値と等しくなるように設定することにより、比
較的視野角の狭い白表示時の液晶分子の向いている方向
の視野角特性が改善され、全体的によりバランスの取れ
た視野角特性を得ることができる。In this way, the optical axis of the retardation plate 3, the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 4 on the illumination light incident side, and the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules during black display are matched, and the Δnd value of the retardation plate is the liquid crystal. By setting it to be equal to the Δnd value of the layer, the viewing angle characteristics in the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are facing at the time of white display in which the viewing angle is relatively narrow are improved, and a more balanced viewing angle characteristics is obtained. Obtainable.
【００３６】なお、これまでの説明においては、位相差
板３を強誘電性液晶パネルに応用した場合について述べ
てきたが、本実施の形態はこれに限らず、例えばインプ
レインモードのスーパーＴＦＴ式の液晶パネルに対して
も、全く同様に偏光光学的設定を行うことで同様の視野
角特性改善を達成することができる。In the above description, the case where the retardation film 3 is applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal panel has been described, but the present embodiment is not limited to this, and for example, the in-plane mode super TFT type. The same viewing angle characteristic improvement can be achieved by setting the polarization optical settings for the liquid crystal panel of 1.
【００３７】また、本実施の形態においては配向したデ
ィスコティック液晶３４の固定のために、ＵＶ硬化樹脂
３５を用いたが、液晶種として融点が７０〜８０℃以上
のものを用いる場合には、ＵＶ硬化樹脂３５を全く用い
ないでディスコチィック液晶３４のみをベースフィルム
３３上にコーティングした後ネマチック相まで昇温して
配向させた後、降温（急冷が好ましい）させて固化させ
るように構成しても良い。Further, in this embodiment, the UV curable resin 35 is used for fixing the aligned discotic liquid crystal 34. However, when a liquid crystal species having a melting point of 70 to 80 ° C. or higher is used, The UV curable resin 35 is not used at all, and only the discotic liquid crystal 34 is coated on the base film 33, heated to a nematic phase for orientation, and then cooled (rapid cooling is preferable) to be solidified. May be.
【００３８】次に、本発明の第２の実施の形態について
説明する。Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
【００３９】図９は、本発明の第２の実施の形態に係る
位相差板の拡大断面構成図であり、同図において、３Ａ
は透明ベースフィルムをかねるポリカーボネート系樹脂
フィルム（以下フィルムという）３６を数％図中波線矢
印方向に延伸することにより得られる延伸タイプの位相
差板であり、この位相差板３Ａは、延伸方向に正の１軸
異方性を有している。また、３７は通常の棒形分子形状
のネマチック液晶３８を、このフィルム３６の面上にホ
メオトロピック配向した後、固定して形成された位相差
層であり、フィルム面に垂直な法線方向に正の１軸異方
性を有している。FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional configuration diagram of a retardation plate according to the second embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG.
Is a stretch-type retardation plate obtained by stretching a few percent of a polycarbonate-based resin film (hereinafter referred to as a film) 36, which also serves as a transparent base film, in the direction of the wavy line in the figure. It has positive uniaxial anisotropy. Reference numeral 37 denotes a retardation layer which is formed by homeotropically aligning a normal rod-shaped molecular nematic liquid crystal 38 on the surface of the film 36, and then fixing the retardation layer in the normal direction perpendicular to the film surface. It has positive uniaxial anisotropy.
【００４０】次に、このような位相差板３Ａの製法につ
いて説明する。位相差板３Ａを製造する場合は、まず延
伸型フィルム３６の上にネマチック液晶３８と、既述し
た第１の実施の形態と同様のＵＶ硬化型樹脂液３５とを
ミックスした混合液（配合重量比＝１：１〜１：３）を
ディッピングコートする（図９参照）。Next, a method of manufacturing such a retardation plate 3A will be described. In the case of manufacturing the retardation plate 3A, first, a nematic liquid crystal 38 is mixed on the stretchable film 36 and the UV curable resin liquid 35 similar to that of the first embodiment described above (mixed weight). Ratio = 1: 1 to 1: 3) is dip coated (see FIG. 9).
【００４１】次に、このように混合液がディッピングコ
ートされたフィルム３６を、図１０に示すように金属電
極７と透明電極６２との間に設置した後、フィルム面に
垂直な方向の電界を印可してネマチック液晶３８をホメ
オトロピック配向（面に垂直な配向）させる。なお、同
図において、８はフィルム面に垂直な方向の電界を印可
するための電源であり、６１はガラス基板である。Next, the film 36 dip-coated with the mixed solution is placed between the metal electrode 7 and the transparent electrode 62 as shown in FIG. 10, and then an electric field in a direction perpendicular to the film surface is applied. When applied, the nematic liquid crystal 38 is homeotropically aligned (alignment perpendicular to the plane). In the figure, 8 is a power source for applying an electric field in a direction perpendicular to the film surface, and 61 is a glass substrate.
【００４２】そして、次に、その状態のままこのコート
層全面にＵＶ光を照射しホメオトロピック配向した液晶
を固定する。ここで、この際のフィルム３６と液晶層３
７のΔｎｄが共に対象となる液晶パネルのインプレーン
型液晶層のΔｎｄ1 の１／２となるようにフィルム３６
の延伸条件及び位相差層３７の膜厚及び液晶配合比を調
整する。Then, in this state, UV light is applied to the entire surface of this coat layer to fix the homeotropically aligned liquid crystal. Here, the film 36 and the liquid crystal layer 3 at this time
7 so that Δnd of 7 is 1/2 of Δnd 1 of the in-plane type liquid crystal layer of the target liquid crystal panel.
The stretching conditions, the film thickness of the retardation layer 37, and the liquid crystal compounding ratio are adjusted.
【００４３】図１１は、このようにして製作された位相
差板３Ａの屈折率特性を示すものであり、同図の（ａ）
の矢印Ｘはフィルム３６の延伸方向を、矢印Ｚはフィル
ム面に垂直な方向、つまりネマチック液晶３８の配向方
向を表している。また、矢印Ｙはこの両方向に対して垂
直な方向になっている。そして、既述したようにフィル
ム３６、液晶層３７ともに正の１軸異方性を有してお
り、これらの屈折率楕円体を図示すると、（ｂ）に示す
ように直交する２つの楕円体で表される。FIG. 11 shows the refractive index characteristics of the retardation plate 3A manufactured in this way, and is shown in FIG.
The arrow X indicates the stretching direction of the film 36, and the arrow Z indicates the direction perpendicular to the film surface, that is, the alignment direction of the nematic liquid crystal 38. The arrow Y is perpendicular to both directions. Further, as described above, both the film 36 and the liquid crystal layer 37 have positive uniaxial anisotropy, and when these refractive index ellipsoids are illustrated, two ellipsoids orthogonal to each other as shown in (b). It is represented by.
【００４４】ここで、これら屈折率楕円体の楕円率は等
しいから、それらを合成すると（ｃ）に示すように回転
対称軸がＹ方向を向くディスク状の楕円体となる。つま
り位相差板３Ａの屈折率特性は、結局延伸方向に直交す
る方向（Ｙ方向）に負の１軸異方性を有する屈折率特性
となる。Here, since the ellipticities of these refractive index ellipsoids are equal to each other, they are combined into a disk-shaped ellipsoid whose rotational symmetry axis faces the Y direction as shown in (c). That is, the refractive index characteristic of the retardation plate 3A eventually becomes a refractive index characteristic having negative uniaxial anisotropy in the direction orthogonal to the stretching direction (Y direction).
【００４５】そして、このようにして製作された位相差
板３Ａを、既述した図１２で示したように両偏光板４の
内側（液晶層側）に粘着剤によりそれぞれラミネート装
着する。Then, the retardation plate 3A manufactured in this manner is laminated and attached inside the both polarizing plates 4 (on the liquid crystal layer side) by an adhesive as shown in FIG.
【００４６】なお、位相差板３Ａを偏光板４に装着する
際の偏光光学的な条件は、既述した図４と同様とする。
ここで、同図において、矢印Ｐは照明光入射側の偏光板
（ポラライザー）の透過軸方向、矢印Ａは表示光出射側
の偏光板（アナライザー）の透過軸方向、Ｂは黒表示時
の棒状液晶分子の向き、Ｗは白表示時の棒状液晶分子の
向き、Ｄは２枚の位相差板の合計の屈折率楕円体、即ち
フィルム３６の位相差と液晶層３７の位相差との合成を
表している。The polarization optical conditions when the retardation plate 3A is attached to the polarizing plate 4 are the same as those shown in FIG.
Here, in the figure, an arrow P indicates a transmission axis direction of a polarizing plate (polarizer) on the illumination light incident side, an arrow A indicates a transmission axis direction of a polarizing plate (analyzer) on the display light emitting side, and B indicates a rod shape during black display. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, W is the orientation of the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules during white display, and D is the total refractive index ellipsoid of the two retardation plates, that is, the composition of the retardation of the film 36 and the retardation of the liquid crystal layer 37. It represents.
【００４７】ここで、２枚の位相差板３Ａはその光学軸
（負の屈折率異方性の方向）は同じ方向を向いており、
矢印Ｐ方向（照明光入射側の偏光板の透過軸方向）を向
くように設定している。そして、このように両側２枚の
位相差板３Ａを設定することにより、２枚の位相差板３
Ａの合計リタデーション値は、図１３に示す液晶層１の
Δｎｄ1 に等しくなる。また、黒表示時の液晶分子の向
きＢもこのＰ方向となっている。Here, the optical axes (directions of negative refractive index anisotropy) of the two retardation plates 3A are oriented in the same direction,
It is set so as to face the arrow P direction (direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing plate on the illumination light incident side). By setting the two retardation plates 3A on both sides in this way, the two retardation plates 3A are
The total retardation value of A is equal to Δnd 1 of the liquid crystal layer 1 shown in FIG. The direction B of the liquid crystal molecules during black display is also the P direction.
【００４８】そして、このように設定した場合、特に黒
表示時において液晶層１のリタデーションが位相差板３
Ａのリタデーションにより打ち消されるようになるた
め、どのような視野角に於いても黒表示時にはクロスニ
コルでの漏れ光が減少するようになる。When such a setting is made, the retardation of the liquid crystal layer 1 is increased when the black display is performed.
Since it is canceled by the retardation of A, leakage light at crossed Nicols is reduced at the time of black display at any viewing angle.
【００４９】また、白表示時の広視野角での透過率が低
くなるＷ方向（液晶分子の向いている方向）について
も、視野角の増加と共に生じるリタデーションの減少が
この屈折率楕円体Ｄ（フィルム３６の位相差と液晶層３
７の位相差の合成）により緩和されるため、白表示時の
広視野角での透過率と色味シフトが改善される。Further, also in the W direction (direction in which liquid crystal molecules are facing) in which the transmittance at a wide viewing angle at the time of white display becomes low, a decrease in retardation which occurs with an increase in the viewing angle causes the refractive index ellipsoid D ( Phase difference of film 36 and liquid crystal layer 3
7), the transmittance and the tint shift at a wide viewing angle during white display are improved.
【００５０】このように、本実施の形態に係る構成の位
相差板３Ａを強誘電性液晶パネルに用いた場合でも、視
野角特性は既述した第１の実施の形態と全く同様にな
り、強誘電性液晶パネルにおいて、さらに著しく視野角
特性を向上させることができた。また、色視野角特性に
ついても第１の実施の形態とと全く同様になり、色視野
角特性も向上させることができた。As described above, even when the retardation plate 3A having the structure according to the present embodiment is used in the ferroelectric liquid crystal panel, the viewing angle characteristics are exactly the same as those in the first embodiment described above. In the ferroelectric liquid crystal panel, the viewing angle characteristic could be further improved. Further, the color viewing angle characteristics were completely the same as those in the first embodiment, and the color viewing angle characteristics could be improved.
【００５１】なお、この位相差板３Ａの応用は強誘電性
液晶パネル以外に、同じくインプレインモードのスーパ
ーＴＦＴ式の液晶パネルに対しても全く同様に偏光光学
的設定を行うことで同様の視角特性改善を達成すること
ができる。In addition to the ferroelectric liquid crystal panel, the retardation plate 3A can be applied to the same in-plane mode super TFT type liquid crystal panel by setting the polarization optical setting in the same manner to obtain the same viewing angle. Characteristic improvements can be achieved.
【００５２】ところで、これまでの説明においては、位
相差板３Ａの製造の際、ホメオトロピック配向した液晶
３８の固定のために、ＵＶ硬化樹脂３５を用いたが、液
晶種として融点が７０〜８０℃以上のものを用いる場合
には、ＵＶ硬化樹脂３５を全く用いないで液晶材のみを
フィルム３６上にコーティングした後、ネマチック相ま
で昇温し、さらに電界により配向させた後、電界印可状
態のまま降温（急冷が好ましい）させて固化させるよう
にしても構わない。By the way, in the above description, the UV curable resin 35 is used for fixing the homeotropically aligned liquid crystal 38 in the production of the retardation plate 3A, but the melting point of the liquid crystal species is 70 to 80. In the case of using a material having a temperature of ℃ or higher, the liquid crystal material alone is coated on the film 36 without using the UV curable resin 35, the temperature is raised to a nematic phase, and the film is aligned by an electric field, and then the electric field is applied. The temperature may be lowered as it is (rapid cooling is preferable) to solidify.
【００５３】また、液晶３８をホメオトロピック配向さ
せる手段としては、電界印可を用いたが、この替わり
に、アルキルシラン系の配向膜（例えばチッソＯＳＤ−
Ｅ等）を用いてホメオトロピック配向させるようにして
も良い。Electric field application was used as the means for homeotropically aligning the liquid crystal 38. Instead of this, an alkylsilane type alignment film (for example, CHISSO OSD-
(E, etc.) may be used for homeotropic alignment.
【００５４】[0054]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明によれば、イ
ンプレインモードの液晶表示パネルに光学的に負の１軸
異方性を有すると共に光学軸が面方向に平行または略平
行である位相差板を設けることにより、液晶表示パネル
の黒表示時における漏れ光を減少させることができる。
そして、このように、黒表示時における漏れ光を減少さ
せることにより、液晶表示パネルの視野角特性をさらに
広視野角化することができ、全体的な視野角特性を改善
することができる。As described above, according to the present invention, an in-plane mode liquid crystal display panel has an optically negative uniaxial anisotropy and the optical axis is parallel or substantially parallel to the plane direction. By providing the phase difference plate, it is possible to reduce leakage light during black display on the liquid crystal display panel.
By thus reducing the leaked light during black display, the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display panel can be further widened and the overall viewing angle characteristics can be improved.
【図１】本発明の第１の実施の形態に係る位相差板の拡
大断面構成図。FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional configuration diagram of a retardation plate according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】上記位相差板の製法を説明する図。FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing the above retardation plate.
【図３】前記位相差板の位相差層を形成するディスコテ
ィック液晶の一般式を示す図。FIG. 3 is a view showing a general formula of a discotic liquid crystal forming a retardation layer of the retardation plate.
【図４】前記位相差板を偏光板に装着する際の偏光光学
条件を説明する図。FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating polarization optical conditions when the retardation plate is attached to a polarizing plate.
【図５】上記位相差板を強誘電性液晶パネルに用いた場
合の視野角特性を示す図。FIG. 5 is a view showing viewing angle characteristics when the above retardation film is used in a ferroelectric liquid crystal panel.
【図６】上記位相差板を用いない場合の強誘電性液晶パ
ネルの視野角特性を示す図。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing viewing angle characteristics of a ferroelectric liquid crystal panel when the above retardation plate is not used.
【図７】上記位相差板を強誘電性液晶パネルに用いた場
合の色視野角特性を示す図。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing color viewing angle characteristics when the retardation plate is used in a ferroelectric liquid crystal panel.
【図８】上記位相差板を用いない場合の強誘電性液晶パ
ネルの色視野角特性を示す図。FIG. 8 is a diagram showing color viewing angle characteristics of a ferroelectric liquid crystal panel when the retardation plate is not used.
【図９】本発明の第２の実施の形態に係る位相差板の拡
大断面構成図。FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional configuration diagram of a retardation plate according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図１０】上記位相差板の製法を説明する図。FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing the retardation plate.
【図１１】上記位相差板の屈折率特性を説明する図。FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a refractive index characteristic of the above retardation plate.
【図１２】従来の位相差板付液晶パネルの断面構成図。FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a conventional liquid crystal panel with a retardation plate.
【図１３】従来のインプレインモード液晶パネルの断面
構成図。FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a conventional in-plane mode liquid crystal panel.
２ ガラス基板 ３，３Ａ 位相差板 ４ 偏光板 ５ 液晶パネル １０ 棒状液晶分子 ３１ 位相差層 ３３ ベースフィルム ３４ ディスコティック液晶分子 ３６ 延伸位相差フィルム 2 glass substrate 3,3A retardation plate 4 polarizing plate 5 liquid crystal panel 10 rod-shaped liquid crystal molecule 31 retardation layer 33 base film 34 discotic liquid crystal molecule 36 stretched retardation film
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 佐藤 隆史 東京都大田区下丸子３丁目30番２号 キヤ ノン株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Takashi Sato 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc.
Claims (8)
板であって、 光学軸が面方向に平行または略平行であることを特徴と
する位相差板。1. A retardation plate having optically negative uniaxial anisotropy, wherein the optical axis is parallel or substantially parallel to the plane direction.
板であって、 透明面状体上にディスコティック液晶分子を配向固定し
て位相差層を形成する一方、前記位相差層を形成する
際、前記液晶分子は光学軸が前記透明面状体の面方向に
平行または略平行となるよう該液晶分子のディスク面が
前記面方向に対して垂直また略垂直になるように配向固
定されることを特徴とする位相差板。2. A retardation plate having optically negative uniaxial anisotropy, in which discotic liquid crystal molecules are aligned and fixed on a transparent sheet to form a retardation layer, and When forming the layer, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged such that the optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules is parallel or substantially parallel to the plane direction of the transparent planar body, and the disc surface of the liquid crystal molecules is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the plane direction. A retardation plate having a fixed orientation.
挟持する一対のガラス基板と、前記ガラス基板の外面に
配された一対の偏光板とを有する一方、前記棒状液晶分
子が前記ガラス基板の面方向と常に平行またはほぼ平行
になるモードの液晶表示パネルを備えた液晶装置におい
て、 前記液晶表示パネルの黒表示時における漏れ光を減少さ
せるよう前記ガラス基板と偏光板との間の少なくとも一
方に前記請求項１又は請求項２項記載の位相差板を設け
たことを特徴とする液晶装置。3. A pair of glass substrates sandwiching rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules having positive uniaxial anisotropy, and a pair of polarizing plates arranged on the outer surface of the glass substrate, wherein the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules are In a liquid crystal device provided with a liquid crystal display panel in a mode which is always parallel or nearly parallel to the surface direction of a glass substrate, a liquid crystal display panel between the glass substrate and a polarizing plate is provided so as to reduce leakage light during black display of the liquid crystal display panel. A liquid crystal device comprising the retardation plate according to claim 1 or 2 on at least one side thereof.
晶分子の向きと該位相差板の光軸の向きとが一致するよ
うに前記ガラス基板と偏光板との間に設けたことを特徴
とする請求項３記載の液晶装置。4. The retardation plate is provided between the glass substrate and the polarizing plate so that the orientation of the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules at the time of black display and the orientation of the optical axis of the retardation plate are aligned with each other. The liquid crystal device according to claim 3, wherein
きと、前記棒状液晶分子の向きと、照明光入射側の前記
偏光板の透過軸方向とが一致するように前記ガラス基板
と偏光板との間に設けたことを特徴とする請求項３及び
４記載の液晶装置。5. The retardation plate is formed such that the optical axis of the retardation plate, the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules, and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate on the illumination light incident side are aligned with each other. The liquid crystal device according to claim 3, wherein the liquid crystal device is provided between the substrate and the polarizing plate.
示パネルの液晶層のΔｎｄの値と同じ又はほぼ同じであ
ることを特徴とする請求３乃至５項記載の液晶装置。6. The liquid crystal device according to claim 3, wherein the value of Δnd of the retardation plate is the same as or substantially the same as the value of Δnd of the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display panel.
との間にそれぞれ設けた場合は、それぞれの前記位相差
板のΔｎｄの値の合計が前記液晶層のΔｎｄの値と同じ
又はほぼ同じであることを特徴とする請求３乃至５項記
載の液晶装置。7. When the retardation plate is provided between the glass substrate and the polarizing plate, the sum of the Δnd values of the respective retardation plates is the same as or almost the same as the Δnd value of the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal device according to claim 3, wherein the liquid crystal devices are the same.
表示パネルを用いたことを特徴とする請求項３乃至６記
載の液晶装置。8. The liquid crystal device according to claim 3, wherein a ferroelectric liquid crystal display panel is used as the liquid crystal display panel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10817096A JP3854659B2 (en) | 1996-04-26 | 1996-04-26 | Liquid crystal device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10817096A JP3854659B2 (en) | 1996-04-26 | 1996-04-26 | Liquid crystal device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09292522A true JPH09292522A (en) | 1997-11-11 |
| JP3854659B2 JP3854659B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 |
Family
ID=14477768
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10817096A Expired - Fee Related JP3854659B2 (en) | 1996-04-26 | 1996-04-26 | Liquid crystal device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3854659B2 (en) |
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