JPH09284038A - Antenna equipment of non-contact data carrier - Google Patents
Antenna equipment of non-contact data carrierInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09284038A JPH09284038A JP8120969A JP12096996A JPH09284038A JP H09284038 A JPH09284038 A JP H09284038A JP 8120969 A JP8120969 A JP 8120969A JP 12096996 A JP12096996 A JP 12096996A JP H09284038 A JPH09284038 A JP H09284038A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- soft magnetic
- loop antenna
- antenna
- magnetic body
- effective
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000889 permalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000702 sendust Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、非接触カードや非
接触タグ等を用いた非接触データキャリアシステムに於
けるリーダライタ側のアンテナ装置に関するものであ
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an antenna device on the reader / writer side in a contactless data carrier system using a contactless card, a contactless tag or the like.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、利用者が携帯する非接触力一ドに
記憶された各種の情報を、電磁波を利用してリーダライ
タが非接触で読み出す非接触式データキャリアシステム
が実用化されている。この非接触式データキャリアシス
テムに於いて、信号伝送手段には様々な方式があるが、
電磁誘導方式を用いた場合、リーダライタ側に使用され
るアンテナ装置と非接触カードとの間で信号授受を行う
周波数は、数百kHz以下の帯域にあり、アンテナの形
式としてはループアンテナが用いられ、有効通信可能距
離は、1m以内の比較的短い距離であることが一般的で
ある。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a non-contact type data carrier system has been put into practical use in which a reader / writer reads various kinds of information stored in a non-contact mode carried by a user in a non-contact manner using electromagnetic waves. . In this non-contact data carrier system, there are various types of signal transmission means,
When the electromagnetic induction method is used, the frequency at which signals are exchanged between the antenna device used on the reader / writer side and the contactless card is in the band of several hundred kHz or less, and the loop antenna is used as the antenna type. The effective communication range is generally a relatively short distance within 1 m.
【0003】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】さて、電磁誘導方式の
非接触データキャリアシステムに用いられるループアン
テナは、単体の状態で最適に調整した後、リーダライタ
部に内蔵するか、或いはアンテナだけで別の筐体に収納
するかして、建物施設の壁面、天井面、床面、或いはド
ア等に設置される。ところが、アンテナを設置するのに
適した場所の付近には、鉄筋、鉄板、アルミニウム板、
或いは信号ケーブル等の良導体からなる部材が存在しが
ちである。こうした良導体部材がアンテナに近接して存
在すると、ループアンテナから放射される電磁波用電力
の一部が良導体表面に発生する渦電流等の影響で損失す
るため、通信距離が短くなり、極端な場合には、アンテ
ナ面にカードを直接接触させるようにしなければ通信で
きないような場合もあり、アンテナ設置場所の条件に通
信感度が大きく影響されるという問題があった。The loop antenna used in the non-contact data carrier system of the electromagnetic induction type is optimally adjusted as a single unit and then incorporated in the reader / writer unit or separated by the antenna only. It is installed on a wall surface, a ceiling surface, a floor surface of a building facility, a door, or the like, depending on whether it is housed in the housing. However, in the vicinity of a suitable place to install the antenna, rebar, iron plate, aluminum plate,
Alternatively, there is a tendency that there is a member made of a good conductor such as a signal cable. If such a good conductor member is present close to the antenna, part of the electromagnetic wave power radiated from the loop antenna will be lost due to the effects of eddy currents generated on the surface of the good conductor, which shortens the communication distance and in extreme cases. In some cases, communication cannot be performed unless the card is brought into direct contact with the antenna surface, and there is a problem that the communication sensitivity is greatly affected by the condition of the antenna installation location.
【0004】この対策として、特開平7−263936
号公報には、ループアンテナの背後に、空気層などの非
磁性空間と、銅板、銀板、アルミニウム板等の非磁性体
の導電部材とを配置し、その状態で最大の通信距離が得
られるようにループアンテナを調整した上で、所望の場
所に設置するようにした技術が提案されている。しかし
ながらこの方式は、アンテナ設置場所の条件に左右され
なくなる反面、直径約200mmの円形ループアンテナ
の場合、非磁性空間の間隔を20〜30mm以上とらな
ければならず、アンテナ装置の薄形化が阻害されるとい
う問題があった。As a countermeasure against this, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-263936
In the gazette, a non-magnetic space such as an air layer and a non-magnetic conductive member such as a copper plate, a silver plate, and an aluminum plate are arranged behind the loop antenna, and the maximum communication distance can be obtained in that state. As described above, a technique has been proposed in which the loop antenna is adjusted and then installed at a desired place. However, while this method is not affected by the conditions of the antenna installation location, in the case of a circular loop antenna with a diameter of about 200 mm, the nonmagnetic space must be 20 to 30 mm or more, which hinders the thinning of the antenna device. There was a problem of being done.
【0005】本発明は、このような従来技術の問題点を
解消し、非接触データキャリアの通信距離をアンテナ装
置の設置場所に左右されずに安定に保つことができ、し
かもアンテナ装置のより一層の薄形化を推進し得る非接
触データキャリアのアンテナ装置を提供することを目的
とするものである。The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and can keep the communication distance of the non-contact data carrier stable regardless of the installation location of the antenna device. It is an object of the present invention to provide an antenna device for a non-contact data carrier that can promote thinning of the device.
【0006】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、上記の公
知形式に於ける非磁性体の高導電率材がループアンテナ
に近接することによって起きる電磁波の放射損失の多く
は、高導電率材に発生する渦電流に起因するものと考
え、この観点に立つと、低導電率材の方が好ましいので
はないかと考えた。その一方で、電磁波は電界と磁界と
が表裏一体となって進行するものであるから、磁界で電
磁波を制御できないものかと考えた。即ち、鉄板などの
磁性部材よりも高い実効比透磁率(μeff)かつ低導
電率の軟磁性材を、アンテナの放射を目的とする方向以
外の側面に近接配置することにより、アンテナから放射
される電磁波のうち、目的とする方向以外の側の電磁波
を時間平均的に安定して予め吸収させる構成をとること
で供給電力を調整すれば、鉄板などの磁性体が近づいて
も、そちら側には電磁界が吸収されなくなり、また、ケ
ーブルから発生する電磁界は、高実効比透磁率材が吸収
するのでアンテナ側へは影響しなくなり、安定した放射
電磁界を確保できるようになると考えた。そして鋭意検
討の結果、上記の目的を果たすために、100kHz以
下の励振周波数に於ける実効比透磁率が100以上の軟
磁性体を、ループアンテナの背面に近接配置するものと
した。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The inventors of the present invention have found that most of the radiation loss of electromagnetic waves caused by the non-magnetic material having high conductivity in the above-mentioned known form being close to the loop antenna is high in conductivity. It is considered that this is caused by the eddy current generated in the material, and from this viewpoint, it was thought that the low conductivity material is preferable. On the other hand, since an electromagnetic wave is one in which an electric field and a magnetic field travel integrally as the front and back sides, it was thought that the electromagnetic field could control the electromagnetic wave. That is, a soft magnetic material having an effective relative permeability (μeff) and a low conductivity higher than that of a magnetic member such as an iron plate is radiated from the antenna by arranging the soft magnetic material close to the side surface other than the direction in which the antenna is radiated. Among the electromagnetic waves, if the supply power is adjusted by taking a configuration in which the electromagnetic waves on the side other than the intended direction are stably absorbed in advance in a time-averaged manner, even if a magnetic material such as an iron plate approaches, that side can be The electromagnetic field is no longer absorbed, and the electromagnetic field generated from the cable is absorbed by the high effective relative permeability material, so the antenna side is not affected and it is thought that a stable radiated electromagnetic field can be secured. As a result of extensive studies, a soft magnetic material having an effective relative magnetic permeability of 100 or more at an excitation frequency of 100 kHz or less was arranged close to the back surface of the loop antenna in order to achieve the above object.
【0007】[0007]
【発明の実施の形態】以下に添付の図面を参照して本発
明の構成を詳細に説明する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The configuration of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
【0008】図1は、本発明による非接触データキャリ
アのアンテナ装置を示している。ループアンテナ1は、
その形状が矩形、或いは円形をなしており、導電率が十
分に小さく、かつ実効比透磁率が1に近い合成樹脂材等
で形成されたケース2内に収納されている。そしてルー
プアンテナ1の背面の全面には、軟磁性体3が配置され
ている。この軟磁性体3の形状は、矩形或いは円形な
ど、ループアンテナ1の形状に応じて適宜に定めれば良
い。FIG. 1 shows an antenna device of a contactless data carrier according to the present invention. Loop antenna 1
It has a rectangular or circular shape, and is housed in a case 2 formed of a synthetic resin material or the like having a sufficiently small electric conductivity and an effective relative magnetic permeability close to 1. The soft magnetic body 3 is arranged on the entire back surface of the loop antenna 1. The shape of the soft magnetic body 3 may be appropriately determined depending on the shape of the loop antenna 1, such as a rectangle or a circle.
【0009】ループアンテナ1は、ケース2の放射を目
的とする方向の面に、アンテナ取付用ブラケット等(図
示せず)を介して取り付けられている。また軟磁性体3
は、ループアンテナ1の放射を目的としない方向の面に
接着するなどして固定されている。The loop antenna 1 is mounted on the surface of the case 2 in the direction intended for radiation through an antenna mounting bracket or the like (not shown). Also, soft magnetic material 3
Are fixed by adhering the radiation of the loop antenna 1 to a surface in a direction not intended.
【0010】図2は、図1に示したアンテナ装置中のル
ープアンテナ1と軟磁性体3との配置関係を示してい
る。図2に示したように、ループアンテナ1の外周輪郭
よりも大きな軟磁性体3をループアンテナ1の開口面の
背面に配置するのが理想的であるが、ループアンテナ1
の開□面内に何らかの干渉物がある場合は、図3に示す
ように、干渉物を避けるように中央部をくり抜いた軟磁
性体2をループアンテナ1の開口面の背後に配置すれば
良い。また、材料強度や構造上の問題で軟磁性体2をく
り抜けない場合は、図4に示したように、軟磁性体2を
複数の部材に分けてループアンテナ1の周方向に沿って
適宜に配置すれば良い。FIG. 2 shows the positional relationship between the loop antenna 1 and the soft magnetic material 3 in the antenna device shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, it is ideal that the soft magnetic material 3 larger than the outer peripheral contour of the loop antenna 1 is arranged on the back surface of the opening surface of the loop antenna 1.
If there is any interfering substance in the open □ plane, the soft magnetic body 2 with a hollowed central portion may be placed behind the opening face of the loop antenna 1 as shown in FIG. . When the soft magnetic material 2 cannot be cut through due to material strength or structural problems, the soft magnetic material 2 is divided into a plurality of members as shown in FIG. You can place it in.
【0011】なお、ここでいう軟磁性体とは、適当に調
整された動作磁界(励振周波数帯が100kHz以下)
に於ける実効比透磁率(μeff)が100以上のもの
をいう。低導電率については、実効比透磁率の規定で包
含されるため、特に制限されない。The soft magnetic material referred to here is a properly adjusted operating magnetic field (excitation frequency band is 100 kHz or less).
In which the effective relative permeability (μeff) is 100 or more. The low conductivity is included in the definition of the effective relative magnetic permeability, and is not particularly limited.
【0012】軟磁性体3は、実効比透磁率が極めて高
く、これをループアンテナ1の背面に近接配置すると、
ループアンテナ1後方の電磁界は軟磁性体3中に引き込
まれる。また、この状態でアンテナ出力を調整すること
により、アンテナ装置の背面に鉄筋、鉄板、アルミニウ
ム板、或いは信号ケーブル等の良導体が存在する場合の
影響を小さくすることができる。The soft magnetic material 3 has an extremely high effective relative magnetic permeability, and when it is placed close to the back surface of the loop antenna 1,
The electromagnetic field behind the loop antenna 1 is drawn into the soft magnetic body 3. Further, by adjusting the antenna output in this state, it is possible to reduce the influence when there is a good conductor such as a reinforcing bar, an iron plate, an aluminum plate, or a signal cable on the back surface of the antenna device.
【0013】一般に軟磁性体の保磁力は鉄板等に比べて
小さく、ヒステリシス損失は小さい。また電気抵抗の大
きい軟磁性体を用いれば、軟磁性体表面を流れる渦電流
はさらに小さくなる。これを代表的な磁気特性値である
実効比透磁率で表すと、実効比透磁率値が高いほどルー
プアンテナ1に加えられた高周波電力の損失が少なくな
り、アンテナ装置の背面に良導体が存在しても、アンテ
ナ単体の場合とほぼ同じ通信距離が得られる。Generally, the coercive force of a soft magnetic material is smaller than that of an iron plate or the like, and the hysteresis loss is small. If a soft magnetic material having a large electric resistance is used, the eddy current flowing on the surface of the soft magnetic material is further reduced. Expressing this with an effective relative permeability that is a typical magnetic characteristic value, the higher the effective relative permeability value, the less the loss of high-frequency power applied to the loop antenna 1, and the presence of a good conductor on the back surface of the antenna device. However, the same communication distance as in the case of the antenna alone can be obtained.
【0014】より好ましい軟磁性体材料としては、厚さ
数mm程度のフェライト薄板または厚さ数10μm程度
のアモルファスシートが考えられる。アモルファスシー
トを積層することで、アンテナ装置背面の建築部材に含
まれた良導体の影響をさらに小さくできる。また、適当
な外部磁界を印加した不活性ガス中または窒素ガス中で
アモルファスシートに摂氏数百度の熱処理を施すことに
より、実効比透磁率がより一層増大し、通信距離を伸ば
すことができる。As a more preferable soft magnetic material, a ferrite thin plate with a thickness of about several mm or an amorphous sheet with a thickness of about 10 μm can be considered. By stacking the amorphous sheets, it is possible to further reduce the influence of the good conductor included in the building member on the back surface of the antenna device. Further, the effective relative permeability is further increased and the communication distance can be extended by subjecting the amorphous sheet to a heat treatment of several hundred degrees Celsius in an inert gas or a nitrogen gas to which an appropriate external magnetic field is applied.
【0015】アンテナ装置を数百kHzの周波数で励振
する場合には、その周波数帯域で高実効比透磁率を保持
し得る軟磁性材料を用いればよく、この場合には、特に
フェライトやアモルファス等が好ましい。また、これよ
りも低い周彼数でアンテナ装置を励振する場合には、パ
ーマロイ、珪素鋼、或いはセンダスト等の軟磁性材も利
用可能である。When the antenna device is excited at a frequency of several hundreds of kHz, a soft magnetic material capable of maintaining a high effective relative magnetic permeability in the frequency band may be used. In this case, especially ferrite or amorphous is used. preferable. When the antenna device is excited with a lower number of turns than this, a soft magnetic material such as permalloy, silicon steel, or sendust can also be used.
【0016】本発明のアンテナ装置の動作電流を適当に
調整できるならば、軟磁性体3が持つその時の最大実効
比透磁率に合うように動作電流を調整すれば良い。If the operating current of the antenna device of the present invention can be adjusted appropriately, the operating current may be adjusted so as to match the maximum effective relative permeability of the soft magnetic material 3 at that time.
【0017】図5は、ループアンテナ1単体の通信可能
範囲を示しており、ループアンテナ1の前後に均等な通
信可能範囲4が存在している。FIG. 5 shows the communicable range of the loop antenna 1 alone, and there is a uniform communicable range 4 before and after the loop antenna 1.
【0018】図6は、本発明のアンテナ装置の通信可能
範囲である。本発明のアンテナ装置によると、軟磁性体
3の後方には、通信可能範囲がほとんど存在せず、ルー
プアンテナ1の前面にのみ通信可能範囲4を得ることが
できる。同図に示すように、アンテナ装置の背面側に鉄
板5等の磁性体が存在する場合でも、通信可能範囲はほ
とんど変化しなかった。FIG. 6 shows the communicable range of the antenna device of the present invention. According to the antenna device of the present invention, there is almost no communicable range behind the soft magnetic body 3, and the communicable range 4 can be obtained only on the front surface of the loop antenna 1. As shown in the figure, the communicable range hardly changed even when the magnetic material such as the iron plate 5 was present on the back side of the antenna device.
【0019】[0019]
【発明の効果】このように本発明によれば、ループアン
テナの背面に軟磁性体を配置し、ループアンテナの誘導
電磁界を軟磁性体中に引き込んだ状態でアンテナ出力を
調整するようにしたため、アンテナ装置周辺に鉄筋、鉄
板、アルミニウム板、或いは信号ケーブル等の良導体部
材が存在しても、このループアンテナの開口面側への通
信距離は変化しないものとなる。従って、設置場所の制
約を大幅に減らすことができる。また本発明によれば、
ループアンテナと軟磁性体とは接触させても何等支障が
ないので、アンテナ装置の薄形化を推進する上に大きな
効果を奏し得る。As described above, according to the present invention, the soft magnetic material is arranged on the back surface of the loop antenna, and the antenna output is adjusted with the induction electromagnetic field of the loop antenna being drawn into the soft magnetic material. Even if there is a good conductor member such as a reinforcing bar, an iron plate, an aluminum plate, or a signal cable around the antenna device, the communication distance to the opening side of the loop antenna does not change. Therefore, restrictions on the installation location can be significantly reduced. According to the present invention,
Since there is no problem even if the loop antenna and the soft magnetic body are brought into contact with each other, a great effect can be obtained in promoting the thinning of the antenna device.
【図1】本発明によるアンテナ装置の全体構成図。FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an antenna device according to the present invention.
【図2】本発明の一実施例を示し、(A)は正面図であ
り、(B)は縦断面図である。FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention, (A) is a front view, and (B) is a longitudinal sectional view.
【図3】本発明の第2実施例を示し、(A)は正面図で
あり、(B)は縦断面図である。FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, (A) is a front view and (B) is a longitudinal sectional view.
【図4】本発明の第3実施例を示し、(A)は正面図で
あり、(B)は縦断面図である。FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, (A) is a front view, and (B) is a longitudinal sectional view.
【図5】ループアンテナ単体の通信可能範囲を示す概念
図。FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing a communicable range of a loop antenna alone.
【図6】本発明によるアンテナ装置の通信可能範囲を示
す概念図。FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing a communicable range of the antenna device according to the present invention.
1 ループアンテナ 2 ケース 3 軟磁性体 4 通信可能範囲 5 鉄板 1 Loop antenna 2 Case 3 Soft magnetic material 4 Communication range 5 Iron plate
Claims (1)
る実効比透磁率が100以上の軟磁性体を、ループアン
テナの背面に近接配置したことを特徴とする非接触デー
タキャリアのアンテナ装置。1. An antenna device for a non-contact data carrier, wherein a soft magnetic material having an effective relative magnetic permeability of 100 or more in an excitation frequency band of 100 kHz or less is arranged close to the back surface of the loop antenna.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP8120969A JPH09284038A (en) | 1996-04-17 | 1996-04-17 | Antenna equipment of non-contact data carrier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8120969A JPH09284038A (en) | 1996-04-17 | 1996-04-17 | Antenna equipment of non-contact data carrier |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH09284038A true JPH09284038A (en) | 1997-10-31 |
Family
ID=14799511
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP8120969A Pending JPH09284038A (en) | 1996-04-17 | 1996-04-17 | Antenna equipment of non-contact data carrier |
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