JPH09284036A - Antenna with change-over mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small antenna equipment with change-over mechanism with few loss for changing-over and driving plural antennas by providing a diode switch for controlling the connection of a resonance equipment and the antennas and executing power feeding and reception by means of the driving and change-over of the diode switch. SOLUTION: This antenna equipment is provided with a cylindrical resonator 1 having an input/output terminal, the plural antennas 12 which are arranged in a radial shape around the outer periphery of the resonator 1 so as to be connected to the resonance equipment 1 and the antenna correspondence diode switch 14 which is inside the antennas 12 so as to control connection with the antennas 12. Power feeding and reception with the prescribed antenna are executed by the driving and change-over of the diode switch 14. Thus, the resonator 1 is adopted as a filter with few loss in an opening 2 and also is connected to the antennas 12 only by the driving and change-over of one diode switch 14. Therefore, the equipment is the small one with few loss.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an antenna device with a switching mechanism that is used in a band, a UHF band, a microwave band, and a millimeter wave band, and pursues miniaturization and loss reduction and that switches and uses a plurality of antennas.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIGS. 23 and 24 show, for example, IEEE GaAs.
IC Symposium, Tech. Digest, 1991, pp.135-138., And IEEE Communictions Magazine, pp.58-64, Apri
1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a conventional antenna device shown in 1991. In the figure, 6 is a coaxial waveguide converter, 27 is a dielectric substrate, 17 is a base plate formed of a conductor in close contact with one surface of the dielectric substrate 27, 33, 34, and 36 are dielectric substrate 27. A connection line composed of a strip conductor formed by shaping a conductor closely attached to the other surface, a microstrip line composed of the dielectric substrate 27 and the ground plane 17, 35 is a through hole penetrating the dielectric substrate 27, 3
7 is an SP3T (single pole, three throw) switch composed of a plurality of diodes, and 38 is an S composed of a plurality of diodes
A PDT (single pole, double throw) switch, 220 is a horn antenna composed of a waveguide, and P1 is an input / output terminal. The horn antenna 220 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape, and has a substantially tapered shape whose cross-sectional dimension gradually widens toward the opening side that radiates radio waves. The throat side end of the horn antenna 220 is a short-circuited end. The coaxial waveguide converter 6 is
The conductor rod is formed by inserting it from the wide side surface of the horn antenna toward the inside of the horn. At this time, the distance from the conductor rod to the short-circuited end of the horn antenna is set to about 1/4 wavelength.

Next, the operation principle will be described. Now, when a radio wave is incident from the input / output terminal P1, the incident radio wave is one SPDT switch 38 and two SP3T switches 37.
Finally, one of the six connection lines 33 is selectively fed with power, and one horn antenna 220 is fed with power through the through hole 35 and the coaxial waveguide converter 6. An electric field in a direction parallel to the insertion direction of the conductor rod of the coaxial waveguide converter 6 is generated inside the horn antenna, and a radio wave of this polarization is radiated into the air. Thus, FIG. 23 and FIG.
The conventional antenna device shown in FIG. 4 has an antenna switching function by a branch circuit which is difficult to match with a microstrip line having a large loss and a plurality of semiconductor switches.

[0004]

Since the conventional antenna device is configured as described above, the loss of a plurality of semiconductor switches included in the path and the circuit configuration when the number of antennas to be switched is large. There is a problem in that the loss of the microstrip line is overlapped and the loss of the entire antenna device increases. Further, in the case of using the horn antenna, there is a problem that the axial length of the horn antenna is long and the volume of the antenna device becomes large.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to obtain a small-sized and low-loss antenna device with a switching mechanism for switching and driving a plurality of antennas.

[0006]

An antenna with a switching mechanism according to the present invention comprises a cylindrical resonator having input / output terminals,
A plurality of antennas arranged radially around the resonator and coupled to the resonator, and a semiconductor switch corresponding to the antenna in the antenna for controlling the coupling between the resonator and the antenna are provided. By switching the drive, power feeding or reception with a predetermined antenna is performed.

Alternatively, a first resonator having an input / output terminal, a cylindrical second resonator coupled with the first resonator to form a filter together with the first resonator, and a second resonator. A plurality of antennas arranged radially around the resonator of
The antenna is provided with a second resonator and an antenna-compatible semiconductor switch that controls power supply or reception with the antenna, and power supply or reception with a predetermined antenna is performed by drive switching of the semiconductor switch. .

Furthermore, the cylindrical or second cylindrical resonator in which the antenna is arranged is formed of a waveguide and has an electric field component in the cylindrical axis direction and a magnetic field component standing wave distribution in the circumferential direction. It was a wavelength resonator.

Furthermore, the cylindrical or second cylindrical resonator in which the antenna is arranged is formed of a waveguide and has a cylindrical dielectric at the center of the cylindrical axis to form a TM mode resonator.

Further, the cylindrical or second cylindrical resonator in which the antenna is arranged is formed of a waveguide and has a cylindrical conductor at the center of the cylindrical axis to form a coaxial line resonator.

Furthermore, the antenna is formed on the dielectric substrate by 2
A strip switch conductor film is formed, a part of the conductor film is linearly removed, one end is an open end, and the other end is a slot formed as a coupling means with a resonator. Is provided in a predetermined portion of the slot of the dipole antenna.

Furthermore, in the antenna, a conductor film is formed on a dielectric substrate, and a part of this conductor film is linearly expanded and then removed by tapering to make the expanded end an open end and resonate the other end. The taper notch antenna is formed by a slot serving as a coupling means with the container, and the semiconductor switch is provided at a predetermined portion of the slot of the taper notch antenna.

Further, the antenna is a horn antenna, and the semiconductor switch is provided on the coupling hole at the junction with the cylindrical resonator of the horn antenna or the second cylindrical resonator.

Furthermore, the semiconductor switch is a single diode switch.

Alternatively, the two first strip conductor films are formed on one surface of the dielectric substrate, and a part of the conductor film is linearly removed so that one end is the open end and the other end is the short-circuit end. 1 slot and a second strip conductor film is formed on the other surface of the dielectric substrate in a direction orthogonal to the first slot, and one end of the second strip conductor film is used as an open end. A dipole-type antenna having ends as coupling means, an antenna-compatible diode switch which is provided at a predetermined position in a first slot of these antennas and controls coupling between these antennas and a branch circuit described later;
A branch circuit having a predetermined number of branches connected to the input / output terminals, and a plurality of antennas having the above-described configuration are connected via a feeding point provided at a position approximately ¼ wavelength from the branch center of the branch circuit. The connection is made and power supply or reception with a predetermined antenna is performed by switching the drive of the diode switch.

Further, in place of the dipole type antenna, the antenna has a conductor film formed on one surface of the dielectric substrate, and a part of the conductor film is linearly enlarged and then removed by taper to enlarge. A tapered notch antenna formed of a first slot having an open end and a short-circuited end at the other end, and a strip conductor film is formed on the other surface of the dielectric substrate in a direction orthogonal to the first slot. A taper notch type antenna in which one end of the strip conductor film is an open end and the other end is a coupling means is used.

Furthermore, the filter is a waveguide type band pass filter.

Further, the antenna is provided with a corner reflector on the outside so that the space corresponding to the corner reflector is radiated or received from the space.

[0019]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Embodiment 1. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an antenna with a switching mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are configuration diagrams showing a part of FIG. 1 in detail. In the figure, 1
Is an n-wavelength resonator configured by bending a rectangular waveguide into a ring shape and connecting both ends, and 2a to 2c are 1/2 formed inside the waveguide having substantially the same shape as the n-wavelength resonator. The wavelength resonator 3 is a coupling hole for coupling the resonator 1 and the resonator 2a. 4 is an iris for coupling the resonators 2a and 2b and 2b and 2c, and 5 is a resonator 2a to 2c.
A short-circuited end of the waveguide inside, 6 is a coaxial waveguide converter provided as an input / output coupling means in the resonator 2c. On the other hand, in FIG. 3 showing the details of the antenna, 7 is a dielectric substrate, 8 is a conductor film formed in close contact with one surface of the dielectric substrate 7, and two conductor films are provided in a substantially symmetrical upper and lower shape. . Reference numeral 9 denotes a slot formed by removing a part of the conductor film 8 in a linear shape and extending from one end to the other end of the dielectric substrate 7 and having both ends as open ends. 90 denotes the dielectric substrate 7 and the conductor film 8 And a slot 9 having both ends open. 10a and 1
0b is formed as a part of the conductor film 8 and is arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to the slot 9 on both sides near one end of the slot 9.
An open-ended strip conductor extending toward an end of the dielectric substrate 7 substantially parallel to the slot 9 is a dipole composed of strip conductors 10a and 10b.
Reference numeral 2 is a slot line feeding dipole antenna that feeds the dipole 11 through the slot line 90. Reference numeral 13 is a coupling means for the resonator 1 and the slot line 90, which is formed by narrowing the width of the end of the dielectric substrate 7 opposite to the dipole 11 so that the slot 9 remains in the center. At this end, it is cut out to have a cut height of 13a. Reference numeral 14 denotes a diode switch provided at a position where the slot line 90 near the coupling portion 13 is short-circuited.

Reference numeral 15 is mainly a resonator 1 and resonators 2a ...
2c, more specifically, a waveguide filter including a coupling hole 3, an iris 4, a short-circuit end 5, a coaxial waveguide converter 6 and a coupling means 13 for coupling to the antenna 12. 1
Reference numeral 6 is a corner reflector, 17 is a ground plane, and P1 is a terminal for transmitting and receiving to and from the resonator. The electromagnetic field distribution inside the resonator 1 is shown in FIG.
According to the configuration, as shown in FIG. 5, the standing wave distribution is periodically included in the six positions including the maximum positions of the axial component of the electric field and the circumferential component of the magnetic field. The coupling portion 13 is provided at a predetermined position on the tube wall on the side surface of the resonator 1 so as to be inserted in a position where the axial component of the electric field and the circumferential component of the magnetic field are maximized to obtain strong electromagnetic field coupling. It is inserted into the resonator 1 through the through hole. At this time, the through hole has a predetermined width and height wider than the thickness of the dielectric substrate 7 and the cut height 13a so that the slot line 90 is not short-circuited. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the diode switch 14 is loaded in parallel on the slot line 90 near the coupling portion 13 corresponding to all the antennas. The diode switch is driven and controlled by turning on and off a DC bias power source that is separated from the signal to be fed by inductance.

Next, the operation principle of the device having the above structure will be described. Now, the four resonators 1 and 2a to 2c are made to resonate at the same frequency fo, and the amount of coupling between the resonators is determined by the dimensions of the coupling hole 3 and the iris 4 and the resonator 1 and the slot line feed dipole antenna. By setting the coupling amount of 12 by the size and insertion length of the coupling means 13, and by setting the coupling amount of the resonator 2c and the terminal P1 by the size and insertion position of the coaxial waveguide converter 6, respectively.
The filter 15 operates as a bandpass filter. Further, for the diode switch 14 corresponding to each antenna provided near each coupling portion 13, only the diode switch 14 corresponding to one antenna is turned off, and the diode switches 14 corresponding to all the remaining antennas are turned on.
N state. In this state, the frequency Fo to the terminal P1
Incident wave is guided to the resonator 1 through the resonators 2c to 2a, and further, from the slot line feed dipole antenna 12 to the space through the single coupling portion 13 in which the diode switch 14 is in the OFF state. Is emitted.
At this time, since the filter 15 has a pass band at the frequency fo, impedance matching at the terminal P1 is obtained. Therefore, the diode switch 14 is turned on and off.
By controlling F, radio waves can be fed to any one of the plurality of slot line-powered dipole antennas 12 without causing reflection, and radio waves can be radiated from this antenna. As described above, the antenna device with the switching mechanism shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 includes the waveguide filter,
It is composed of a plurality of dielectric substrate antennas and a diode switch.

On the other hand, at frequencies other than the set fo, the coupling between the resonators 1 and 2a to 2c is very weak, and most of the electric power of the incident wave to the input / output terminal P1 is reflected. Therefore, the antenna device shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 also functions as a bandpass filter. As described above, FIG.
In the antenna with the switching mechanism shown in FIG. 4, the waveguide filter 15
Since the antenna switch circuit is constituted by the diode switch 14 and the slot line feed dipole antenna 12 is fed directly from the waveguide filter 15, the device can be made compact and low loss. Further, the final-stage resonator is an n-wavelength resonator of a mode which is formed of a ring-shaped waveguide and has a component in the ring axis direction of an electric field or a component in the ring circumferential direction of a magnetic field in the waveguide. Inside the waveguide, the distribution of the ring axial direction component of the electric field or the ring circumferential direction component of the magnetic field can be obtained periodically 2n times in the circumferential direction of the ring shape, and 2n antennas can be connected. . Further, there is an effect that impedance matching can be achieved as a multi-stage filter and a broadband antenna device can be obtained. In this way, the reflection characteristics can be improved, and further, the characteristics of a band-pass filter having two apertures and one stage can be obtained. Further, although the case where the resonator 1 and each dipole antenna 12 are switched by the single diode switch 14 has been described above, other semiconductor switches such as FET may be used.

Embodiment 2 FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a part of the antenna with the switching mechanism of the present embodiment. In the figure, 18a and 18b are cylindrical dielectrics, 19a and 19b are cylindrical waveguide cavities, and 100a is a cylindrical waveguide cavity 1.
A TM010 mode resonator configured by loading a cylindrical dielectric 18a along the tube axis at the center of 9a. 100
b is a TM010 mode resonator configured by loading a cylindrical dielectric 18b along the tube axis at the center of the cylindrical waveguide cavity 19b, and 20 is provided on the tube wall of the connecting surface between the resonators 100a and 100b. The coupling hole 21 is an input / output coupling means 150.
TM010 comprises TM010 mode resonators 100a and 100b, a coupling hole 20, an input / output coupling means 21, and a coupling means (not shown) for coupling the antenna and the resonator 100a.
It is a mode filter. Cylindrical dielectrics 18a and 18
Both ends of b are cylindrical waveguide cavities 100a and 1b, respectively.
00b is in close contact with the upper and lower surfaces without a gap.

In the present embodiment, the configuration other than the filter is the same as that of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, instead of the waveguide filter 15 in FIG.
The TM010 mode filter 150 shown in is used. Even in this case, in addition to the same operating principle, advantages, and effects as those of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG.
Since the axial component of the electric field and the circumferential component of the magnetic field that are uniform in the circumferential direction in a are provided, there is an advantage that an antenna having, for example, the coupling portion 13 can be provided at any position on the circumferential side surface of the resonator 100a. According to this configuration, the antenna and the diode switch are the same as those in the first embodiment,
The resonators 100a and 100b can be impedance-matched as a two-stage multi-stage band pass filter, and have an advantage that wide band characteristics can be obtained.

Embodiment 3. FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a part of the antenna with the switching mechanism of the present embodiment. In the figure, 22a and 22b are cylindrical conductors, 23 is a cylindrical waveguide cavity, and 200a is a coaxial line formed by loading the cylindrical conductor 22a along the tube axis in the central portion of the cylindrical waveguide cavity 23. The resonator 200b is a coaxial line resonator configured by loading a cylindrical conductor 22b along the tube axis at the center of the cylindrical waveguide cavity 23. Reference numeral 24 is an input / output coupling means, and 250 is a coaxial line filter including the coaxial line resonators 200a and 200b, the input / output coupling means 24, and a coupling means (not shown) for coupling the antenna and the resonator 200a. The columnar conductors 22a and 22b are arranged at a predetermined interval, and are held inside the cylindrical waveguide cavity 23 by a low dielectric constant dielectric material (not shown).

Also in this embodiment, the configuration other than the filter is the same as that of the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, the coaxial line filter 250 shown in FIG. 8 is used instead of the waveguide filter 15 shown in FIG. Even in this case, the same operation principle, advantages, and
In addition to the effect, the resonator 200a has a uniform ring axis direction component of the electric field or a ring circumferential direction component of the magnetic field in the resonator 200a as shown in FIG.
This has the advantage that 2n antennas having, for example, the coupling portion 13 are provided at arbitrary positions on the circumferential side surface of the. According to this configuration, the resonator can perform impedance matching as a multi-stage filter, and has an advantage that a wide band characteristic can be obtained.
Further, since the coaxial line does not have a cutoff frequency, there is an advantage that the diameter of the filter can be reduced.

Embodiment 4 FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a part of the antenna with the switching mechanism of the present embodiment. In this embodiment, the case where only the shape of the antenna is different will be described. In FIG. 10, 7-9, 13, 14, and 9
0 is the same as that shown in FIG. 3, 25 is a tapered slot formed by gradually widening the width of the slot line 90 from the coupling portion 13 side toward the open end on the opposite side, and 120 is a tapered shape. The slot line feeding taper notch antenna feeds the slot 25 with the slot line 90.

In this embodiment, as described above, the slot line feed taper notch antenna 1 shown in FIG. 10 is used instead of the slot line feed dipole antenna 12 shown in FIG.
20 is used. In this case as well, the same operating principle and advantages as those of the first embodiment and the common effect that the connection line becomes unnecessary are provided. Further, since the slot line feed taper notch antenna 120 is a traveling waveform antenna, it is a resonator type antenna. There is an advantage that a wider band can be achieved than using the slot line feed dipole antenna 12. Note that the dipole antenna of Embodiment 1 is also the same, but since the antenna of this embodiment can be formed by photoetching on the dielectric substrate, it is small, uniform,
It also has an excellent effect on ease of manufacture.

Embodiment 5 The horn antenna group may be switched and driven by using the filter including the resonator described in the first to fourth embodiments and the diode switch. In this embodiment, such a structure will be described. 11 and 12 are schematic configuration diagrams of the antenna with the switching mechanism of the present embodiment. In the figure, a diode switch 14, a waveguide filter 15, and
The base plate 17 is the same element as in the first embodiment. Reference numeral 220 is a horn antenna, and 26 is a coupling hole provided in a conductor wall that is a connection surface between the throat of the horn antenna and the waveguide filter 15. The diode switch 14 is provided on the coupling hole 26, and is arranged so as to short-circuit the opposing wide surfaces of the coupling hole 26.

In this embodiment, the horn antenna 220 shown in FIG. 12 is used instead of the slot line feed dipole antenna 12 shown in FIG. 2 as described above. Also in this case, when the diode switch 14 is in the OFF state, the circumferential component of the magnetic field of the radio wave resonating in the waveguide filter 15 is coupled to the horn antenna 220 via the coupling hole 26 and is radiated. Thus, the antenna of this embodiment shown in FIG. 11 also uses a low-loss horn antenna and has the same operation principle, advantages, and effects as those of the first embodiment.

Embodiment 6 FIG. A case where a small-sized and low-loss antenna with a switching mechanism is configured by using a branch circuit will be described.
Also in this case, a small, uniform antenna with excellent workability,
The characteristic can be utilized by using a diode switch. 13 and 14 are schematic configuration diagrams showing an antenna with a switching mechanism of the present embodiment, and FIGS. 15 and 16 are FIG.
15 is a detailed view showing a part of the schematic configuration diagram of FIG. In the figure, a slot 9 on a dielectric substrate 7 and a dipole 11 composed of strip conductors 10a and 10b, a diode switch 14, a ground plane 17, an external corner reflector 16 and the like are the same elements as in the first embodiment. As a new element or part, 28 is a short-circuit end that short-circuits the other end of the slot line 90. Further, 29 is formed in close contact with the other surface of the dielectric substrate 7, and is arranged at a position approximately ½ wavelength away from the short circuit end 28 of the slot line 90 and at a position substantially orthogonal to the first slot line 90. And one end is open end 31
The distance from the orthogonal position to the open end 31 is the second strip conductor whose wavelength is set to about ¼ wavelength.
As described above, the conductor film formed on the back surface in FIG.
The shape ends at the open end 31. Reference numeral 30 denotes a conductor film 8 and a second strip conductor 29 with the dielectric substrate 7 interposed therebetween.
2 is a second parallel strip line consisting of and, and 14 is a diode switch which is provided at a position separated from the short-circuit end 28 on the slot line 90 by approximately 1/4 wavelength and arranged to short-circuit the slot line. .

Reference numeral 320 denotes the dipole 11 and the slot line 9
It is a slot line feed dipole antenna fed by 0 and strip line 30. 27 is a second dielectric substrate having a ground plane 17 adhered to one surface, 32
Is a branch circuit formed by closely adhering a conductor film to the other surface of the second dielectric substrate and having a branch number that is one more than the number of antennas 320, and 33 is the same as the branch circuit of the second dielectric substrate 27. Of the antenna 320 via a through hole 35 formed by closely adhering a conductor film to the surface of the antenna 320.
The strip line 30 and the branch circuit 32 are connected to each other, and the line is set so that the distance from the position where the slot line 90 and the strip line 30 are orthogonal to the branch circuit 32 is an odd multiple of about ¼ wavelength. A connection line 34 connects the branch circuit 32 and the input / output terminal P1.

Next, the operation principle of the antenna device having the above configuration will be described. Now, when a radio wave enters from the input / output terminal P1, the incoming radio wave is split in the branch circuit 32,
Power is supplied to the strip line 30 of each antenna 320.
At this time, if the diode switch is in the ON state, the position where the diode switch 14 is provided, that is, the position separated by approximately 1/4 wavelength from the orthogonal position of the slot line 90 and the strip line is the equivalent short-circuit end of the slot line 90. Therefore, the radio wave is transmitted from the strip line 30 to the slot line 9
It is coupled to 0 and radiated from the antenna 320. On the other hand, when the diode switch is in the OFF state, the diode switch is in the open state, so that the short-circuited position of the slot line is the short-circuited end 2 which is separated from the crossed position by approximately 1/2 wavelength.
8, and the crossing position is also short-circuited. Therefore, the radio wave is not coupled to the slot line and is reflected to the branch circuit 32 side. At this time, since the distance from the crossing position to the branch circuit 32 is set to an odd multiple of about ¼ wavelength, the connection point on the side of the branch circuit 32 is equivalent to the open end, and the other antenna 320 is not connected. Has no effect. Therefore, by controlling ON / OFF of the diode switch 14, radio waves can be fed to any one of the plurality of slot line-powered dipole antennas 320 without reflection, and the radio waves are radiated from this antenna. it can. As described above, the antenna device with a switching mechanism shown in FIGS. 13 to 16 is composed of a plurality of dielectric substrate antennas and a diode switch.

As described above, in the antenna device with a switching mechanism of the present embodiment, the diode switch 14 changes the short-circuit position of the slot line 90 to control the conversion amount from the strip line 30 to the slot line 90. Since the antenna switching circuit is configured with, there is an advantage that the leakage of radio waves to other antennas is small, high isolation can be obtained with a smaller number of diodes compared with the conventional one, and an antenna device with low loss can be obtained. Further, there is also an advantage that the antenna is homogeneous on the dielectric and can be easily processed.

Embodiment 7 FIG. A case where a tapered notch antenna is used as the antenna in the sixth embodiment will be described. FIG. 17 is a configuration diagram showing an antenna dielectric substrate antenna with a switching mechanism of the present embodiment. In the figure, a slot 9 on a dielectric substrate 7, a dipole composed of a tapered slot 25 and a conductor film 8, a short-circuit end 28, a strip conductor 29,
The strip line 31 and the open end 31 are the same components and parts as shown in FIG. A slot line feed taper notch antenna 420 feeds the tapered slot 25 thus formed with the slot line 90 and the strip line 30.

As described above, this embodiment is a case where the slot line feed taper notch antenna 420 shown in FIG. 17 is used in place of the slot line feed dipole antenna 32 shown in FIG. 14, and is similar to the sixth embodiment. Has the operating principle, advantages, and effects. Further, since the slot line feed taper notch antenna 420 is a traveling-waveform antenna, there is an advantage that a wider band can be achieved.

Embodiment 8 FIG. The present invention has one cylindrical resonator
Even one can be applied. FIG. 18 is an internal configuration diagram of the switching mechanism-equipped antenna according to the present embodiment, which corresponds to FIG. 2 of the first embodiment. Other configurations corresponding to FIGS. 1 and 3 are similar to those of the first embodiment. In FIG.
The input / output terminal P1 is directly connected to the resonator 1 that also functions as a branch circuit. In addition, 1 is a waveguide resonator, 6 is a coaxial waveguide converter, 12 is a dipole antenna, and 13 is a coupling portion. The diode switch 14 is the dipole antenna 1
It is installed in the vicinity of the second joint 13. Since the operation of the device having the above-mentioned configuration is the same as that described in the first embodiment, a detailed description will be omitted, but the signal fed from the input / output terminal has an electric field and magnetic field distribution equivalent to that in FIG. Power is supplied to any antenna under the control of 14.

Embodiment 9 It is also possible to use a conventional branch circuit and a semiconductor switch in combination by using the antenna formed on the dielectric substrate used in the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a schematic configuration diagram of the antenna of the embodiment in that case. 20 is a detailed view of the antenna in the antenna device of FIG. 19, and FIG. 21 is a detailed view of the second dielectric substrate 27 of FIG. 19 seen from below. In the figure, the dipole 11 and the like formed on the dielectric substrate 7, the ground plane 17, the second strip line 30 and the like are the same as those in the other embodiments. Furthermore, connection lines 33, 34, 36 and SPD
The T switch 37, the SP3T switch 38, and the through hole 35 are the same as the conventional ones. Further, 28 is a short-circuited end of the slot line provided at a position approximately ¼ wavelength away from the orthogonal position of the slot line 90 and the strip line 30, and 520 is the slot line 90 for the dipole 11.
And a slot line fed dipole antenna fed by the strip line 30.

Next, the operation principle of the device having the above-mentioned structure will be described. Now, when a radio wave is incident from the input / output terminal P1, the incident radio wave is one SPDT switch 38 and two SPs.
By the 3T switch 37, finally 6 connecting lines 33
Power is selectively supplied to one of the above, is further supplied to the strip line 30 through the through hole 35, is coupled to the slot line 90, and is radiated into space from the dipole 11.

As described above, since the slot line feed dipole antenna 520 is used as the antenna in the antenna device shown in FIGS. 19 to 21, the antenna can be easily and compactly formed on the dielectric substrate by photoetching or the like. It has the advantage of being configurable. In addition, in the vicinity of the slot line feed dipole antenna 520, as shown in FIG.
There is an advantage that the beam width can be made variable by providing the corner reflector shown in and adjusting the corner angle.

Embodiment 10 FIG. In this embodiment, a case where a tapered notch antenna is used in Embodiment 9 will be described. FIG. 22 is a detailed view of the antenna of this embodiment.
In the figure, the tapered notch antenna including the slit 9 and the tapered slot 25 formed on the dielectric substrate 7 corresponds to the configuration shown in FIGS. In this way, 620 connects the tapered slot 25 to the slot line 9
It becomes a slot line feeding taper notch antenna feeding with 0 and strip line 30.

As described above, this embodiment is a case where the slot line feed taper notch antenna 620 shown in FIG. 22 is used in place of the slot line feed dipole antenna 520 shown in FIG. 19, and is similar to the eighth embodiment. Has the operating principle, advantages, and effects. It also has the advantage of a traveling-wave antenna.

[0043]

As described above, according to the present invention, a cylindrical resonator having an input / output terminal, a plurality of antennas radially arranged on the outer periphery of the resonator, and a semiconductor switch arranged in the antenna are provided. Since the resonator is provided, the resonator serves as a filter with two apertures and a small loss, and further, there is an effect that it is small in size and has a low loss because it is coupled with the antenna only by switching the drive of one semiconductor switch.

Alternatively, the first resonator having an input / output terminal and the cylindrical second resonator and the second resonator, which are combined with the first resonator to form a filter, are arranged radially around the outer circumference of the second resonator. Since a plurality of antennas and a semiconductor switch arranged in the antenna are provided, the resonator serves as a filter with a loss of two apertures and is coupled to the antenna only by switching the drive of one semiconductor switch, thereby reducing the size. It has the effect of low loss.

Furthermore, since the resonator is made of various characteristic resonators, the antenna can be coupled from any position on the cavity side surface of the cylindrical waveguide, and the device can be constructed particularly small and with low loss. effective.

Furthermore, since the semiconductor switch is a single diode switch, the effect is simple and the loss is small.

Alternatively, a dipole antenna or a taper notch type antenna formed on a dielectric substrate is formed with a second strip line in a direction orthogonal to the antenna to form a coupling means, and a diode switch provided in a slot of the antenna. Since a branch circuit having a predetermined number of branches connected to the input / output terminals is provided, there is an effect that the device can be configured with a small size and low loss.

Furthermore, since the filter is a band pass filter having an arbitrary bandwidth, impedance matching can be achieved as a multi-stage filter, and an effect of obtaining wide band characteristics is added.

Furthermore, since the antenna has an external corner reflector, the beam width can be made variable, and the directivity of the entire antenna device can be further improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external schematic configuration diagram of an antenna device with a switching mechanism according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic internal configuration diagram of the antenna device with a switching mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a detailed view of each antenna of the antenna device with a switching mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining switching drive by a diode switch of the antenna device with a switching mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating electric field and magnetic field distributions of a resonator of the antenna device with a switching mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a resonator of an antenna device with a switching mechanism according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an electric field and magnetic field distribution of a resonator of the antenna device with a switching mechanism according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of a resonator of an antenna device with a switching mechanism according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an electric field and magnetic field distribution of a resonator of an antenna device with a switching mechanism according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a detailed view of each antenna of the antenna device with a switching mechanism according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an external schematic configuration diagram of an antenna device with a switching mechanism according to a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a detailed view of each antenna of the antenna device with a switching mechanism according to the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of an antenna device with a switching mechanism according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing a schematic configuration of an antenna device with a switching mechanism according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a detailed view of each antenna of the antenna device with a switching mechanism according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a connection between a branch circuit and each antenna of an antenna device with a switching mechanism according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a detailed view of each antenna of the antenna device with a switching mechanism according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view showing a schematic configuration of an antenna device with a switching mechanism according to an eighth embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a detailed view of each antenna of the antenna device with a switching mechanism according to the ninth embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a connection between a branch circuit and each antenna of the antenna device with a switching mechanism according to the ninth embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a detailed view showing a part of the antenna device according to the ninth embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a detailed view of each antenna of the antenna device according to the tenth embodiment.

FIG. 23 is a schematic configuration side view of a conventional antenna device.

FIG. 24 is an explanatory bottom view showing a schematic configuration of a conventional antenna device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 2a to 2c Waveguide resonator, 3, 20, 26 Coupling hole, 4 Iris, 5 Waveguide short-circuit end, 6 Coaxial waveguide converter, 7, 27 Dielectric substrate, 8 Conductor film, 9 slots 10a, 10b, 29 strip conductors, 11 dipoles, 13 coupling parts, 14 diode switches,
15 Waveguide filter, 16 Corner reflector, 17
Ground plate, 18a, 18b Cylindrical dielectric, 19a, 19
b, 23 cylindrical waveguide cavity, 24 input / output coupling means, 2
5 tapered slot, 28 short-circuited end, 30 strip line, 31 open end, 32 branch circuit, 33, 34, 3
6 connection line, 35 through hole, 37 SPDT switch, 38 SP3T switch, 90 slot line, 12, 320, 520 slot line feeding dipole antenna, 100a, 100b TM010 mode resonator, 150 TM010 mode filter, 200a,
200b coaxial line resonator, 120, 420, 620
Slot line feed taper notch antenna, 220 horn antenna, 250 coaxial line filter.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Ura ▲ Saki ▼ Shuji Marunouchi 2-3-3, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Sanryo Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yoshitada Iyama 2--2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo No. 3 Sanryo Electric Co., Ltd.

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A cylindrical resonator having an input / output terminal, a plurality of antennas radially arranged on an outer circumference of the resonator and coupled to the resonator, the resonator being in the antenna, and the resonator and the resonator. An antenna with a switching mechanism, comprising an antenna-compatible semiconductor switch that controls the coupling with an antenna, and power is supplied to or receives from a predetermined antenna by switching the drive of the semiconductor switch. 2. A first resonator having an input / output terminal, a cylindrical second resonator that is coupled to the first resonator to form a filter together with the first resonator, and the second resonator. A plurality of antennas radially arranged on the outer periphery of the resonator, and a semiconductor switch corresponding to the antenna, which is in the antenna and controls power feeding or reception between the second resonator and the antenna, An antenna with a switching mechanism that feeds or receives power to or from a predetermined antenna by switching the drive of a semiconductor switch. 3. A cylindrical type or a second type in which an antenna is arranged.
2. The cylindrical resonator according to claim 1 is an n-wavelength resonator which is formed of a waveguide and has an electric field component in the cylindrical axis direction and a magnetic field component standing wave distribution in the circumferential direction. Two
Antenna with switching mechanism as described. 4. A cylindrical type or a second type in which an antenna is arranged.
3. The antenna with switching mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical resonator is a TM mode resonator formed of a waveguide and having a cylindrical dielectric at the center of the cylindrical axis. 5. A cylindrical type or a second type in which an antenna is arranged.
3. The antenna with switching mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical resonator is a coaxial line resonator formed of a waveguide and having a cylindrical conductor at the center of the cylindrical axis. 6. An antenna, wherein two strip conductor films are formed on a dielectric substrate, and a part of the conductor films is linearly removed so that one end is an open end and the other end is coupled with a resonator. 3. The antenna with a switching mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the semiconductor switch is provided at a predetermined portion of the slot of the dipole antenna. 7. An antenna has a conductor film formed on a dielectric substrate, and a part of the conductor film is linearly expanded and then removed by tapering to make the expanded end an open end and resonate the other end. 3. A taper notch antenna formed by a slot serving as a coupling means with a container, and a semiconductor switch is provided at a predetermined portion of the slot of the taper notch antenna, with a switching mechanism according to claim 1 or 2. antenna. 8. The antenna is a horn antenna, and the semiconductor switch is provided on a coupling hole at a junction with the cylindrical resonator of the horn antenna or the second cylindrical resonator. Alternatively, the switching mechanism-equipped antenna according to claim 2. 9. The antenna with switching mechanism according to claim 6, wherein the semiconductor switch is a single diode switch. 10. A first strip conductor film is formed on one surface of a dielectric substrate, a part of the conductor film is linearly removed so that one end is an open end and the other end is a short-circuit end. 1 slot and a second strip conductor film is formed on the other surface of the dielectric substrate in a direction orthogonal to the first slot to release one end of the second strip conductor film. A dipole antenna having one end and the other end as coupling means; an antenna-compatible diode switch provided at a predetermined position in the first slot of the antenna to control coupling between the antenna and a branch circuit described later; A branch circuit having a predetermined number of branches connected to the input / output terminals, and a plurality of antennas having the above-described configuration are connected via a feeding point provided at a position approximately ¼ wavelength from the branch center of the branch circuit. connection, Switching mechanism with an antenna which is adapted to supply power or receiving the predetermined antenna by driving the switching of the serial diode switch. 11. An antenna instead of a dipole type antenna, wherein a conductor film is formed on one surface of a dielectric substrate, and a part of the conductor film is linearly enlarged and then removed by tapering to enlarge it. A tapered notch antenna formed by a first slot having an open end and a short-circuited end at the other end, and a strip conductor film is formed on the other surface of the dielectric substrate in a direction orthogonal to the first slot. 10. The antenna with switching mechanism according to claim 9, wherein the strip conductor film is a tapered notch type antenna having one end as an open end and the other end as a coupling means. 12. The antenna with a switching mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the filter is a waveguide type band pass filter. 13. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein a corner reflector is added to the outside to radiate into or receive from a space corresponding to the corner reflector. Item 12. An antenna with a switching mechanism according to any one of items 11.