JPH09273381A - Tunnel excavator and excavation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To facilitate attitude control in an excavator body in a tunnel excavator. SOLUTION: An excavator body 11 is composed of a front drum 12 constituted in such a manner that a plurality of drum bodies 12a, 12c are juxtaposed in the direction approximately orthogonal in the driving direction while being supported in a relatively displaceable manner in the direction approximately orthogonal in the driving direction and the juxtaposing direction and a rear drum 13 placed at the rear of the front drum 12. Cutter heads 19a, 19b, 19c are installed to the front sections of each drum body 12a, 12c of the front drum 12 and can be driven by driving motors 23a, 23c while fixed Jacks 173, 17b are built between each drum body 12a, 12c of the front drum 12. On the other hand, attitude jacks 27 are constructed among each drum body 12a, 12c and the rear drum 13, and a large number of shield jacks are mounted to the rear drum 13.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavating method used when excavating a tunnel having a special cross section other than a single circular cross section.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view showing an outline of a conventional shield excavator, and FIG. 6 is a front view of the conventional shield excavator.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in a conventional shield excavator, three cutter heads 102 are rotatably attached to the front portion of a front barrel 101 having a rectangular tubular shape. The cutter head 102 is composed of a plurality of cutter bits 104 fixed to spokes 103 which are attached to intersect each other. A driven gear 105 is fixed to the base end side of each cutter head 102, while the drive motor 10 is correspondingly connected to the front body 101 side.
6 is attached, and the drive gear 107 of each drive motor 106 meshes with each driven gear 105. Therefore, by driving each drive motor 106, the drive gear 10
The driven gears 105 can be driven to rotate, and the cutter heads 102 integrated with the driven gears 105 can be driven to rotate.

In addition, a disk-like shape is formed on four sides of the outer peripheral portion of the front body 101, and corner cutters 109 to which a large number of cutter bits 108 are fixed are rotatably mounted. Each of the corner cutters 109 can be driven and rotated by a drive motor 110 mounted on the rear portion.

Further, a bulkhead 111 is fixed to the front portion of the front body 101 to form a chamber 112, so that dirt, drunks, etc. do not enter the interior of the front body 101. Then, the front end portion of the screw conveyor 113 penetrates the bulkhead 111 and the chamber 1
The screw conveyor 113 has an opening 12 and a rear end portion of the screw conveyor 113 is extended rearward and connected to a muddy water treatment (not shown).

On the other hand, the rear body 114 has a rectangular tubular shape and is fitted in the rear portion of the front body 101 so as to be movable back and forth. And
A plurality of middle folding jacks 115 are installed between the front body 101 and the rear body 114.
The front body 101 can be bent with respect to the rear body 114 by the expansion and contraction, and the excavation direction can be changed. And
A plurality of shield jacks 116 are arranged side by side along the circumferential direction on the rear part of the rear body 114, and an erector device 118 for assembling the segment S on the support wall 117 is movable along the inner peripheral surface of the existing tunnel. It is installed.

Therefore, when each drive motor 106 is driven to rotate the cutter head 102, and each drive motor 110 is driven to rotate the corner cutter 109, the shield jack 116 is extended.
01 and the rear body 114 move forward by the reaction force from the existing segment S, and a large number of cutter bits 104 and 108 excavate the ground in front to excavate the tunnel. And
A small-diameter tunnel is constructed by mounting the new segment S in the space between the existing segment S formed by contracting the shield jack 116 and the new segment S. When the tunnel is to be curved in the left-right direction or the up-down direction for excavation, the middle-bending jacks 115 are expanded and contracted, and the expansion and contraction strokes are changed to bend the front body 101 with respect to the rear body 114,
Change the digging direction.

[0008]

By the way, when excavating a tunnel having a rectangular cross section by using such a conventional shield excavator, particularly when excavating by bending in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction, excavation is performed by excavation resistance. The machine body, that is, the front body 101 and the rear body 114 may roll. When the front body 101 and the rear body 114 roll, the cutter head 102 is generally rotated to correct the rolling.
Is not a single circle and has three cutter heads 102, it is difficult to obtain a corrected rotational force by the rotation of the cutter heads 102, and the correct attitude control cannot be performed during excavation. was there.

The present invention solves such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavation method for facilitating posture control in the excavator body.

[0010]

A tunnel excavator according to the present invention for achieving the above object has a plurality of tubular bodies which are arranged in a direction substantially orthogonal to the excavation direction and in the excavation direction and the parallel direction. A front torso that is supported so as to be relatively movable in a direction substantially orthogonal to the installation direction, a rear torso that is tubular behind the front torso, and rotatable to the front of each torso of the front torso A cutter head mounted on the body, a cutter head driving means for driving and rotating the cutter head, a fixing means installed between the bodies of the front body, and a space between the bodies of the front body and the rear body. And a propulsion unit provided on the rear body.

Therefore, while the cutter head is driven and rotated by the cutter head drive means, the propulsion means advances the front body and the rear body to excavate the ground in front of the body, and at this time, the fixing means moves the front body. The posture of the excavator main body is maintained by bending the front body with respect to the rear body by the attitude control means while releasing the fixation between the bodies of the body and moving the bodies of the front body relative to each other. While digging direction can be changed.

Further, in the tunnel excavation method of the present invention, the excavator main body is provided with a plurality of tubular bodies arranged side by side in a direction substantially orthogonal to the excavation direction and in a direction substantially orthogonal to the excavation direction and the side-by-side direction. A cutter head mounted on the front portion of each body of the front body, the front body being supported by the front body so as to be movable relative to each other, and the rear body having a tubular shape positioned behind the front body. While drivingly rotating, the front body is advanced together with the rear body to excavate the front ground by the cutter head. At this time, each body of the front body is bent with respect to the rear body in a predetermined direction. The relative movement of each body of the front body allows the excavation direction to be changed while maintaining the posture of the excavator body.

Therefore, by bending each body of the front body with respect to the rear body, the excavation direction can be changed. At this time, for example, even if rolling occurs in the body of the excavator, each body of the front body can be changed. By relatively moving, the posture of the excavator body can be corrected by the rotational force of the cutter head.

[0014]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

The tunnel excavator of the present invention is applied to a tunnel boring machine or a shield excavator that excavates the ground to form a tunnel. That is, the excavator main body is configured such that a cylindrical front body and a rear body are fitted to each other in a forward and backward movement, and the front body is formed by a plurality of cylindrical bodies in a direction substantially orthogonal to the excavation direction. The bodies are arranged side by side, and the plurality of bodies are relatively movable in the excavation direction and the direction substantially orthogonal to the arrangement direction. A rotatable cutter head is attached to the front of each body of the front body, and each cutter head can be driven and rotated by a drive motor or the like as cutter head drive means.
A fixing jack as a fixing means is installed between the bodies of the front body, and the bodies of the front body can be fixed so as not to move relative to each other. Further, a plurality of posture jacks as posture control means are installed between the respective trunks of the front torso and the rear trunk, so that the respective trunks of the front trunk can be independently moved forward and backward with respect to the rear trunk. Further, a large number of propulsion jacks as propulsion means are provided on the rear body, and the front body and the rear body can be advanced by expanding and contracting the propulsion jacks.

Therefore, when excavating the ground by this tunnel excavator, the driving head extends the propulsion jack while driving and rotating the cutter head, and the front body moves forward together with the rear body, whereby the cutter head drives the front ground. Excavate. When changing the direction of excavation and bending to one side for excavation, the fixing jack releases the fixation between the bodies of the front torso, and in this state, the posture jacks are operated with the expansion and contraction strokes according to the bending direction. As a result, the front torso bends in a predetermined direction with respect to the rear torso, and at this time, each body of the front torso moves relative to each other in accordance with the expansion / contraction stroke of each posture jack, and the excavator body maintains its posture. The digging direction is changed.

As described above, in the tunnel excavator according to the present invention, when the excavation direction is changed and bent, the fixing jacks release the fixation between the bodies of the front body and the posture jacks as necessary. By operating, the front body bends in a predetermined direction and each body moves relatively, and the excavator main body can easily change the excavation direction while maintaining the correct posture.

Further, in the tunnel excavation method of the present invention, a plurality of tubular bodies are arranged side by side in a direction substantially orthogonal to the excavation direction and are relatively movable in the excavation direction and a direction substantially orthogonal to the side-by-side direction. Applying the excavator body composed of a supported front body and a cylindrical rear body located behind this front body, and driving the cutter head mounted on the front part of each body of this front body While rotating, the front body and the rear body are moved forward to excavate the ground in front by the cutter head. At this time, each body of the front body is bent in a predetermined direction with respect to the rear body and each body of the front body is bent. By relatively moving, the excavation work is performed so that the excavation direction is changed while maintaining the posture of the excavator main body.

Accordingly, the excavator body can easily change the excavation direction while maintaining the correct posture by actuating the respective posture jacks to bend the front body in a predetermined direction and relatively move the respective bodies as necessary. At this time, for example, even if rolling occurs in the excavator main body, the attitude of the excavator main body can be corrected by the rotational force of the cutter head by relatively moving each body of the front body. You can

[0020]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a shield excavator as a tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the shield excavator of the present embodiment, and FIGS. 3 and 4 show the present embodiment. The outline explaining the attitude control operation in the shield excavator is shown.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the shield excavator of this embodiment, the excavator main body 11 has a cylindrical front body 12 and a rear body 13 which are fitted to each other by a seal member 14 so as to be movable back and forth. Are configured together. This front body 12
Indicates that three body bodies 12a, 12b, 12c having a rectangular tubular shape are arranged side by side in a direction (vertical direction in FIGS. 1 and 2) substantially orthogonal to the excavation direction, and a direction substantially orthogonal to the excavation direction and the juxtaposed direction. It is supported by a guide member 15 and a seal member 16 fixed to the front part of the rear body 13 so as to be relatively movable (left and right in FIG. 2). Further, fixed jacks 17a and 17b as fixing means are swingably installed between the bodies 12a, 12b and 12c of the front case 12, respectively.
By controlling the hydraulic pressure of 7a, 17b, each body 12a,
12b and 12c can be made to be movable relative to each other, or can be integrally fixed so that they cannot be moved relative to each other.

Further, each body 12a, 12b of the front body 12
Rotating shafts 18a, 18b, 18 are provided at the front of 12c, respectively.
Three cutter heads 19a, 19b, 19c depending on c
Are rotatably mounted, and each of the cutter heads 19a, 19b, 19c has a large number of cutter bits 21 on spokes 20a, 20b, 20c intersecting with each other.
a, 21b, and 21c are fixed and configured. The rotary gears 18a, 18b and 18c, which are integral with the cutter heads 19a, 19b and 19c, have driven gears 22a,
22b and 22c are fixed, while each body 1 of the front body 12 is fixed.
A plurality of drive motors 23a, 23b (not shown) and 23c as cutter head drive means are provided at 2a, 12b and 12c.
Is attached to the drive motors 23a, 23b,
Drive gears 24a, 24b (not shown) and 24c of 23c mesh with the driven gears 22a, 22b and 22c. Therefore, when each of the drive motors 23a, 23b, 23c is driven, the driving force of the drive gears 24a, 24b, 24c is transferred to the rotary shafts 18a, 18 via the driven gears 22a, 22b, 22c.
b, 18c and transmitted to the rotary shafts 18a, 18b, 1
The cutter heads 19a, 19b and 19c integrated with the 8c can be rotationally driven.

Each body 12a, 12b, 12c of the front body 12
The front torso bracket 25 is fixed to the rear part, while the rear torso bracket 26 is fixed to the front part of the rear torso 13,
A plurality of posture jacks 27 as posture control means are provided between the brackets 25 and 26 by connecting shafts 28 and 29. The plurality of posture jacks 27 are juxtaposed along the circumferential direction of the excavator, and by changing the expansion / contraction stroke of each posture jack 27, the front body 12 is bent in a predetermined direction with respect to the rear body 13. The excavation direction of the excavator body 11 can be changed.

Further, corner cutters 30 are rotatably attached to the four corners of the outer periphery of the front body 12 (body 12a, 12c).
A large number of cutter bits 31 are attached to the front surface of the machine and can be driven and rotated by a drive motor 32 mounted to the rear section. Therefore, the above-mentioned three cutter heads 19
drive motor 32 together with a, 19b and 19c
A tunnel having a rectangular cross section can be excavated by driving and rotating one corner cutter 30.

A bulkhead 33 is formed in the front portion of the front body 12 so that the sand excavated by the cutter heads 19a, 19b and 19c and the slip such as drunk are prevented from entering the bulkhead 33. A front portion of the screw conveyor 34 arranged in the excavator body 11 is opened, and a rear end portion of the screw conveyor 34 is extended to a sediment treatment facility (not shown). Further, a plurality of shield jacks 35 as propulsion means for the excavator body 11 are arranged side by side along the circumferential direction at the rear portion of the rear body 13, and a segment is provided at a support wall 36 fixed to the rear portion of the rear body 13. An elector device 37 for assembling S is movably supported along the inner peripheral surface of the existing tunnel.

Therefore, in order to construct a tunnel by using the shield excavator of this embodiment having the above-described structure, the construction shown in FIG.
And as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of drive motors 23a, 23a
b, 23c to drive the cutter heads 19a, 19b,
19c is rotated and the drive motor 31 is driven to rotate each corner cutter 30, and all the shield jacks 35 are extended.
The excavator body 11 composed of 3 and 3 moves forward by the reaction force from the existing segment S, and a large number of cutter bits 21a, 21
b, 21c and 31 excavate the ground in front to excavate a tunnel having a rectangular cross section. Then, the erector device 37 mounts a new segment S in a space between the existing segment S formed by contracting one shield jack 35, thereby constructing a tunnel.

When excavating a tunnel having a rectangular cross section by the shield excavator as described above, when the traveling direction of the tunnel is changed from a straight line to a curved line, it is necessary to bend the excavator main body. That is, when the posture jacks 27 are extended by the expansion and contraction stroke according to the bending direction of the tunnel for excavation, the front torso 1
2 will be bent in a predetermined direction with respect to the rear body 13,
The excavator body 11 has its excavation direction changed. At this time, the front body 1 is previously fixed by the fixed jacks 17a and 17b.
Release the fixing between each body 12a, 12b, 12c of 2,
In this state, the posture jacks 27 are actuated by the expansion and contraction strokes according to the bending direction, whereby the front body 12 bends in a predetermined direction with respect to the rear body 13, and at the same time, the respective bodies 12a, 12b, 12c of the front body 12 move. Since each of the posture jacks 27 moves relative to each other according to the extension stroke, the excavator main body 11 can change the excavation direction while maintaining the correct posture.

Further, in the shield excavator of the present embodiment, when excavating a tunnel having a rectangular cross section in the left-right direction or the vertical direction in this way, the excavator body 11 may roll due to excavation resistance. . For example, when the cutter heads 19a, 19b, and 19c rotate clockwise and the excavator main body 11 curves to the right to excavate a tunnel, as shown in FIG. 3, the excavator main body 11 rolls and linearly shifts. If it occurs, the fixed jack 17a,
17b releases the fixing between the bodies 12a, 12b, 12c, so that the body 12b moves leftward relative to the body 12c and the body 12a further moves leftward. By operating with a predetermined extension stroke, the front body 12 bends in a predetermined direction with respect to the rear body 13, and at the same time, the bodies 12c move relative to each other with the body 12c as a fulcrum. In this state, when the front body 12 is moved forward while rotationally driving the cutter heads 19a, 19b, 19c, the respective body bodies 12a, 12b, 12c move to the left side opposite to the rotation direction of the cutter heads 19a, 19b, 19c from the ground. You will get the correction power of rotation, and the fuselage 1
2a, 12b, 12c, that is, the rolling of the excavator main body 11 including the front case 12 and the rear case 13 can be corrected.

Further, the cutter heads 19a, 19b, 19
When the excavator main body 11 curves to the right and excavates a tunnel by turning c to the right, as shown in FIG. 4, when the excavator main body 11 rolls and is not linearly displaced, the fixed jacks 17a and 17b. Each body 12a, 12b, 1
2c is released and the fuselage 12a is disengaged from the fuselage 12b.
The front body 12 is moved in a predetermined direction with respect to the rear body 13 by operating each of the posture jacks 27 with a predetermined extension stroke so that the body 12c moves to the left and the body 12c moves to the right. Simultaneously with bending, 12a and 12c move relative to each other with the body 12b as a fulcrum. In this state, when the front body 12 is moved forward while rotationally driving the respective cutter heads 19a, 19b, 19c, the respective bodies 12a, 12
b, 12c are cutter heads 19a, 19b, 1 from the ground
A correction force for counterclockwise rotation opposite to the rotation direction of 9c is obtained, so that the rolling of the body 12a, 12b, 12c, that is, the excavator main body 11 including the front body 12 and the rear body 13 can be corrected.

In the above embodiment, the excavator body 11
Although I explained about the case where the car curves to the right and rolls, even when the car curves to the left and rolls,
Similarly, the rolling can be corrected, and the rolling can be corrected even when going straight. Further, the tunnel excavation cross section is not limited to the rectangular one.

As described above, in the tunnel excavator of this embodiment, when changing the excavation direction to bend the tunnel excavator, the front body 12 is fixed by the fixed jacks 17a and 17b as necessary.
By releasing the fixation between the respective bodies 12a, 12b, 12c of the above and operating the respective posture jacks 27 with a predetermined stroke, the front body 12 is bent in a predetermined direction and each of the body 12
Since a, 12b, and 12c move relative to each other, the excavator main body 11 can easily change the excavation direction while maintaining the correct posture. Further, even when rolling occurs in the excavator body, by adjusting the predetermined stroke of each posture jack 27, the body 12a, 12b,
By changing the relative movement position and the movement amount of 12c, the posture of the excavator main body 11 can be corrected by the correction force opposite to the rotation direction acting on the cutter heads 19a, 19b, 19c.

[0033]

As described above in detail with reference to the embodiments, according to the tunnel excavator of the present invention, a plurality of tubular bodies are arranged side by side in a direction substantially orthogonal to the excavation direction and are excavated. The excavator main body is constituted by a front body which is supported so as to be relatively movable in a direction substantially orthogonal to the direction and the installation direction, and a rear body which is located behind the front body and has a cylindrical shape. A cutter head is attached to the front part of each body of the body so that it can be driven and rotated by the cutter head drive means, and a fixing means is installed between the body of the front body and the body of the front body and the rear body. Since the attitude control means is installed between them, and the propulsion means is provided on the rear body, the fixing jacks release the fixation between the bodies of the front body as necessary to operate the respective posture jacks. The torso bends in a predetermined direction and each body moves relative to each other. With, it is possible to easily change the excavation direction while maintaining the correct posture of the excavator main body, and adjust the operating stroke of each posture jack even if rolling occurs in the excavator main body, By changing the moving direction and the moving amount, the posture of the excavator body can be corrected by the rotational force of the cutter head. As a result, the posture control of the excavator body can be facilitated, and the excavation work efficiency can be improved.

Further, according to the tunnel excavation method of the present invention, a plurality of tubular bodies are arranged side by side in a direction substantially orthogonal to the excavation direction and relatively move in a direction substantially orthogonal to the excavation direction and the side-by-side direction. The excavator main body is composed of a front body which is freely supported and configured, and a rear body which is located behind the front body and has a tubular shape, and the cutter heads attached to the front parts of the front body While driving and rotating, the front body is moved forward together with the rear body to excavate the front ground by the cutter head. At this time, each body of the front body is bent in a predetermined direction with respect to the rear body, and By relatively moving each body, the excavation direction was changed while maintaining the posture of the excavator body, so by bending the front body in a predetermined direction and relatively moving each body, the excavator body Digging while maintaining the correct posture The orientation can be changed easily, and the posture of the excavator body can be corrected by the rotational force of the cutter head by changing the movement direction and movement amount of each body even if rolling occurs in the excavator body. be able to.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a shield excavator as a tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the shield excavator of this embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an attitude control operation in the shield excavator of the present embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an attitude control operation in the shield excavator of the present embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the outline of a conventional shield excavator.

FIG. 6 is a front view of a conventional shield excavator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Excavator body 12 Front body 12a, 12b, 12c Body 13 Rear body 15 Guide member 15 17a, 17b Fixed jack (bwe means) 19a, 19b, 19c Cutter head 23a, 23c Drive motor (cutter head drive means) 27 Posture jack (Attitude control means) 35 Shield jack (propulsion means) 37 Electa device

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A front body composed of a plurality of tubular bodies arranged in parallel in a direction substantially orthogonal to the excavation direction and supported so as to be relatively movable in a direction substantially orthogonal to the excavation direction and the parallel direction. A cylindrical rear body located behind the front body, a cutter head rotatably mounted on the front part of each body of the front body, and a cutter head drive means for driving and rotating the cutter head. A fixing means installed between the respective bodies of the front body, a posture control means installed between the respective bodies of the front body and the rear body, and a propulsion means provided on the rear body. A tunnel excavator characterized by being equipped. 2. An excavator main body, in which a plurality of tubular bodies are arranged side by side in a direction substantially orthogonal to the excavation direction, and are supported so as to be relatively movable in the excavation direction and a direction substantially orthogonal to the side-by-side direction. The front body, which is formed of a front body and a rear body that is cylindrical behind the front body and has a tubular shape, is driven by rotating the cutter heads attached to the front portions of the respective bodies of the front body. By excavating the front ground by the cutter head by advancing with the rear body, at this time, while bending each body of the front body in a predetermined direction with respect to the rear body, each body of the front body A tunnel excavation method characterized in that a relative movement is performed to change an excavation direction while maintaining the posture of the excavator main body.