JPH09266073A - Lighting method and luminaire - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform a lighting suitable to the action of a person in midnight by controlling the light output of a lamp just after lighting in midnight so as to have a specified low illuminance value around the face of the person. SOLUTION: This lighting method comprises setting the light output of a lamp just after lighting in midnight to about 1-5 lux in terms of illuminance in the circumference of the face of a person. This luminaire has a first lighting means for setting the light output of the lamp just after lighting to 100% of general output or a dimmed output, a second lighting means for setting the light output of the lamp just after lighting to about 1-5 lux in terms of the illuminance around the face, and a switching means for selecting the first lighting means in action and selecting the second lighting means in midnight. Meeting the advanced age community, the application of these lighting method and luminaire can be effectively conformed to the state of increasing the population acting in midnight.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lighting method and a lighting device suitable for midnight.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional lighting is considered only to correspond to activities (during daytime and nighttime activities), and it is only a dimming lighting device that considers the state of mind and body at that time. It was

[0003]

However, recent research and studies have revealed that one of the aging phenomena of the body, such as the fact that elderly people sleep less and sleep near the toilet, acts late at night. Considering the aging of the population, it is clear that the need for late-night lighting is increasing, but the state of mind and body at that time (a state of low arousal state in which the mind and body are not completely active) No suitable lighting is currently provided. In reality, the brightness was not suitable for midnight, which causes a problem that it becomes too dazzling when turned on and it becomes difficult to fall asleep thereafter. In order to avoid such a situation, it is necessary to turn on the light and act with the object being difficult to identify, and create a situation in which there is a possibility of being exposed to danger such as injury. All of this is due to the fact that lighting has been considered to be active only.

Specifically, for example, although the dimming technique has been developed, it is not intended to be suitable for midnight because it is intended for use in all activities such as atmosphere production. There are also lighting fixtures that suppress a sudden rise by fading, but since these devices will eventually reach 100% of the light output amount, they will be used as brightness when acting at midnight when they are not fully awake. The absolute amount of is too large, which is not suitable in terms of stress on the mind and body and energy saving.

Although there are many luminaires capable of stepwise dimming, the main light source is turned on first when the light is turned off and then turned on, so that the brightness suitable for midnight cannot be obtained.
It is possible to set the desired brightness when the lights are turned on at midnight if the lights are turned off with a lighting control device such as an incandescent lamp, but it is not possible to set it every night. Every time there is an annoyance that must be returned to.

At present, the lighting of the corridor, toilet, etc., which is most deeply involved in the behavior of the elderly at midnight, is 100.
Since it has only an ON-OFF function of whether it is turned on or turned off completely, it does not give brightness according to the state of mind and body of human beings. Some of them have been faded to suppress a sharp rise, but for the same reason they cannot be said to be suitable for midnight.

Further, there are foot lights and the like as the late-night lights, but they do not necessarily illuminate the passage portion safely, and the sign has a strong meaning. Moreover, since it has to be kept on all the time, it is not suitable from the viewpoint of energy saving. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a lighting method and a lighting device suitable for lighting at midnight.

[0008]

A lighting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the light output of the lamp immediately after lighting at midnight is about 1 to 5 lux in terms of the illuminance around the human face. To do. According to the lighting method of claim 1, when the lamp is turned on from off at midnight,
By setting the light output amount to around 1 to 5 lux as the illuminance around the human face, it is possible to reduce glare and discomfort.
It is possible to act without stress on the mind and body with low alertness. Therefore, it is suitable for late-night lighting, and can effectively cope with the situation where the number of people who perform late-night behavior increases in the aging society.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the light output amount of the lamp immediately after lighting is set to be about 1 to 5 lux as the illuminance around the human face. Claim 2
According to the described lighting fixture, the construction can be performed at low cost by achieving the late-night lighting system with a single fixture. The lighting method according to a third aspect is characterized in that the light output amount of the lamp immediately after lighting at midnight is about 3 to 5 lux in terms of the illuminance around the human face.

According to the lighting method of the third aspect, in addition to the effect of the first aspect, it is possible to provide the brightness suitable for the elderly. The lighting method according to claim 4, wherein the light output amount of the lamp immediately after lighting at midnight is about 1 to 5 lux as the illuminance around the human face, and the subsequent light output amount of the lamp is the illuminance around the human face. Is about 3 to 8 lux.

According to the illumination method of claim 4, the illuminance around the face of the person is set to about 1 to 5 lux immediately after lighting at midnight to suppress the discomfort felt when the brightness changes, and thereafter. By setting the illuminance around the person's face to about 3 to 8 lux, light motions such as walking can be safely performed, and a lighting environment with visibility at midnight can be provided. The lighting method according to claim 5, wherein the light output amount of the lamp immediately after lighting is
It is characterized in that the normal 100% output or dimming output is used during the activity, and the illuminance around the face is adjusted to about 1 to 5 lux at midnight.

According to the illumination method of the fifth aspect, by switching between the activity time and the midnight time, it is possible to perform 100 operation times.
% It is possible to easily provide an appropriate lighting environment according to the time of day by setting the dimming state for the purpose of enjoying the lighting state and the atmosphere, and adjusting the illuminance around the face to about 1 to 5 lux at midnight. it can. It can also be solved with a single device for both activity and midnight.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lighting device according to the first lighting means for adjusting the light output amount of the lamp immediately after lighting to a normal 100% output or a dimming output, and the light output amount of the lamp immediately after lighting around the face. The second lighting means having an illuminance of about 1 to 5 lux and a switching means for selecting the first lighting means at the time of activity and selecting the second lighting means at midnight.

According to the lighting device of the sixth aspect, by performing the switching lighting system with a single device, the construction can be facilitated and an appropriate lighting environment according to the time zone can be provided. The lighting device according to claim 7, wherein the lighting device has a first lighting means having an activity lamp capable of performing 100% normal output or dimming output of the light output amount immediately after lighting, and the light output amount immediately after lighting around the face. Second lighting means having a late-night lamp capable of having an illuminance of about 1 to 5 lux,
The switching means switches between the first lighting means and the second lighting means, and includes a switching means that selects the second means so that the midnight lamp is lit first at midnight.

According to the luminaire of the seventh aspect, by switching the circuit or the like so that the midnight lamp such as the Komaru light bulb is first turned on at midnight, the existing luminaire can quickly realize the midnight illumination.

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a lighting fixture, which includes an operation unit 1, a timer 2, a control unit 3, a dimmer 4, and a plurality of lamps 5. The operation unit 1 has a switching unit that switches between active time and midnight, and controls the control unit 3 by this unit. At midnight, for example, the time period from bedtime to waking up is a time period in which the older the elderly, the more likely they are to act in the toilet or the like.
At that time, the body and mind at the time of action are in the state of low awakening, that is, awakening during sleep. In addition, during activity, for example, refers to behavior during daytime and nighttime sleep, and the state of arousal of mind and body is high.

The timer 2 switches the switching means of the operation unit 1 to the midnight mode during, for example, 5 hours from 0 o'clock to 5 o'clock. This time period can be set according to each lifestyle and can be easily changed. The control unit 3 is composed of a function calculation circuit 3a and a dimming calculation circuit 3b. The dimmer 4 is controlled by these circuits, and the number of lights of the lamp 5 and the brightness are controlled as follows. That is, at midnight, the illuminance around the person's face immediately after lighting is 1 to
The total light output of the lamp 5 is set so as to be about 5 lux. On the other hand, at the time of activity, the lamp 5 is set to the normal 10
0% lighting or dimming lighting.

Under the control of the control unit 3, the dimmer 4 fully or dimming a part or all of the lamp 5 during activity, and further emits light such that the illuminance around the face becomes 1 to 5 lux at midnight. Lights up in quantity. Therefore, this dimmer has a lighting means at the time of activity and a lighting means at midnight. That is, according to the lighting method of this embodiment, the light output amount of the lamp immediately after lighting is set to 100% of the normal value during the activity.
The output or dimming output is used, and the illuminance around the face is set to about 1 to 5 lux at midnight.

In the lighting equipment, the first lighting means for adjusting the light output amount of the lamp immediately after lighting to the normal 100% output or the dimming output, and the light output amount of the lamp immediately after lighting for the illuminance around the face. The second lighting means of about 1 to 5 lux and the first lighting means at the time of activity are selected, and the second lighting means is selected at midnight.
And a switching means for selecting the lighting means.

FIG. 2 shows the illuminance at the time of activity and at midnight at the start-up time T from turning off the light to turning on the light. During the activity, the lamp 5 is normally turned on 100% or about 50 to 100
% It is a normal lighting for adjusting the brightness of the dimming lighting to L ₁ . Further, at midnight, the light output amount of the lamp 5 is limited so that the illuminance around the face of the person immediately after lighting becomes the brightness L _{2 of} about 1 to 5 lux. At midnight, the illuminance around the face of the person immediately after lighting is 3 to 5 especially for elderly people aged 65 years or older.
The light output amount of the lamp 5 is set so as to be about looks.

From the above, the lighting method capable of outputting the brightness suitable for midnight is in the normal mode during daytime to nighttime activities (solid line in the figure), and when lighting, the output value of the lighting fixture is, for example, 100%. Light comes out. The control at this time is On
(Lighting) -Off (lighting off) only is required. At midnight (broken line in the figure), the mode is set to midnight and the face illuminance is
The light output amount (about 1 to 5%) is such that 5 lux is achieved, and the light output amount instantly rises from Off (light off) to this light output amount.

In FIG. 3, the light output amount of the lamp 5 is set so that the illuminance around the human face immediately after lighting at midnight is about 1 to 5 lux, and then the illuminance around the human face is 3.
It shows a change in illuminance when the light output amount of the lamp 5 is set to be about 8 lux. Also in this case, the light output amount of the lamp is set for the elderly so that the illuminance around the person's face at the time of lighting becomes about 3 to 5 lux. The time from immediately after lighting until the illuminance changes to 3 to 8 lux is, for example, about 1 to 2 seconds. That is, the lighting method for light operation at midnight is as described above immediately after lighting, but after the fade time (t = 1 to 2 seconds), the light output amount changes in the function y ′ = f (x ′). While setting the face illuminance to 3
It rises to ~ 8 lux (1-10 lux for average floor illuminance). L ₃ shows the off at the time of activity and at the time of midnight.

FIG. 4 shows the experimental result of the rising light output amount from the turning off to the lighting at midnight, that is, the dark adaptation. The horizontal axis is the face illuminance (look), and the vertical axis is the subjective evaluation value. The black circles are the elderly (about 65 years old or older), and the white circles are the young (20s). That is, a psychological evaluation experiment was performed to find out how much brightness is not uncomfortable and dazzling when the eyes are dark-adapted and the brain is not completely awake. Subjects were young people in their twenties and 65
There were 4 elderly people each, and repeated 3 times. Experiment 2 to keep the same state as sleep
The subjects were evaluated for the degree of discomfort and glare when they were dark-adapted for 0 minutes, and then were illuminated with a certain illuminance level (face illuminance).

The experiment was conducted with a width of 1 as shown in FIGS.
It was carried out in a wooden darkroom 20 of m, length of 2 m and height of 2.4 m. 21 is an antechamber. The floor, walls and ceiling of the darkroom 20 are achromatic, and the easy chair 22 is covered with a black cover.
Eliminates the effect of color. The lighting fixtures 23 and 24 used two ceiling down lights, and were installed on the ceiling at the position shown in FIG. A mini krypton bulb 60W was used as the lamp. 25
Is a lighting switch for the subject 28 to light himself, 2
Reference numeral 6 is a dimmer capable of blinking and dimming by the experimenter. The illuminance meter 27 is installed on the floor surface at the distance in FIG. 6 in front of the subject 28 at the center position in the width direction of the laboratory 20, and measures the floor surface central illuminance. The illuminance around the face is converted by the relational expression: illuminance around the face = 0.72 × (illuminance at the center of the floor) +0.13.

The experimental conditions were room temperature 20 to 24 ° C. and subject 2
The viewpoint of No. 8 was set as the front wall, and the head was fixed while sitting on the easy chair 22 to instruct not to directly look at the lighting devices 23 and 24 on the ceiling. The results are as shown in FIG. From this result, in the range of facial illuminance of 1 to 5 lux, the subjective evaluation value is in the range of "not uncomfortable" to "slightly uncomfortable" for both young and elderly people. It can be seen that the value exceeds "slightly uncomfortable", and when it exceeds the above range, mainly young people become "uncomfortable" or "very uncomfortable". Therefore, in a late-night state in which the eyes are dark-adapted, if the light output amount of the illumination is 1 to 5 lux (lx) in terms of face illuminance, it is effective as a late-night illumination method or a lighting fixture. I understand. Further, it was found that the subjective evaluation of the light output amount varies depending on the age, and that the facial illuminance on the higher side of 3 to 5 cooks is preferable for the elderly.

FIG. 8 is an experimental result of the amount of light output when walking to the toilet or the like at midnight, that is, during light operation. The horizontal axis is the face illuminance (x), the vertical axis is the subjective evaluation value (y), and among these characteristics, y ₁ indicates glare, y ₂ indicates visibility, and y ₃ indicates a sense of security. The formula is as follows: _{y 1 = -1.78log (x) +1.51} R = 0.996 y 2 = 1.69log (x) +0.38 R = 0.977 y 3 = 1.55log (x) +0.30 R = 0 .995 That is, how much brightness is not dazzling, has visibility, and feels secure when a person performs a light motion such as walking in a state where the eyes are dark-adapted and the brain is not completely awake. , Obtained by a psychological evaluation experiment. The test subjects were young people in their twenties and ten elderly people over 65 years old. In the experiment, dark adaptation was carried out for 20 minutes, after which the corridor with the brightness set to a certain illuminance level (face illuminance) was looked at to evaluate the degree of glare, and further walking in the corridor provided good visibility. They evaluated the degree of security. The environment of the laboratory is based on FIGS. 5 to 7. The results are shown in FIG.
From this result, it can be seen that the face illuminance is not dazzling, is easy to see, and can be relieved in the range of about 3 to 8. Therefore, it was found that in the state of midnight when the eyes are dark-adapted, the light output amount of the illumination may be 3 to 8 lux in the illuminance value for a light motion such as walking. The average illuminance on the floor surface at this time is 1 to 10 lux, which is a reference value when visibility and a sense of security are taken into consideration. Thus, such a luminaire is suitable for use in aisles.

According to the first embodiment, when the lamp 5 is turned on from off at midnight, the amount of light output is set to about 1 to 5 lux as the illuminance around the face of a person, thereby dazzling. It can reduce the discomfort of the pods and allow the mind and body with low arousal to act without stress.
Therefore, it is suitable for late-night lighting, and can effectively cope with the situation where the number of people who perform late-night behavior increases in the aging society.

The lamp 5 immediately after lighting at midnight
Since the light output amount is about 3 to 5 lux as the illuminance around the human face, it is possible to provide the brightness suitable for the elderly. Furthermore, the light output of the lamp immediately after lighting at midnight is about 1 to 5 lux in the illuminance around the human face, and the light output of the lamp after that is about 3 to 8 lux in the illuminance around the human face. Therefore, by setting the illuminance around the human face to about 1 to 5 lux immediately after lighting at midnight, the discomfort felt when the brightness changes can be suppressed,
By setting the illuminance around the face of the person thereafter to about 3 to 8 lux, light motions such as walking can be performed safely, and a lighting environment with visibility at midnight can be provided.

The second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. That is, in this lighting method and lighting equipment, the timer 2 of the first embodiment is removed, and the changeover switch 2 ′ is provided in the operation section 1 as a changeover means. The operation unit 1 includes an activity detection circuit 1a and a midnight detection circuit 1b.
In addition, the changeover switch 2'automatically or arbitrarily sets the midnight mode so that the midnight detection circuit 1b is operated before bedtime and the active detection circuit 1a is stopped. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.

A third embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. In FIG. 10, the timer 2 and the operation unit 1 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are set so that 5 hours from 0 o'clock to 5 o'clock is switched to the midnight mode. The control unit 3
A function operation circuit 3a and a first lighting selection circuit 3c,
The output signal of the function calculation circuit 3a causes the first light selection circuit 3c to select the selection signal, and the lighting circuit 4'selects the midnight lamp 5a.
Alternatively, the activity lamp 5b is turned on. In this case, the selection is made so that the midnight lamp 5a is turned on first at midnight, and in the midnight mode, a small circle light bulb or the like is turned on before the main light source to achieve a value corresponding to the light output amount at midnight.

Therefore, the lighting equipment of this embodiment is the first lighting means having the activity lamp 5b such as a fluorescent lamp capable of 100% normal output or dimming output of the light output immediately after lighting. A second lighting means having a late-night lamp 5a such as a small round light bulb or a miniature bulb capable of adjusting the amount of light output immediately after lighting to about 1 to 5 lux as the illuminance around the face, and the first lighting means. And a switching means for switching the second lighting means, and a switching means for selecting the second means so that the midnight lamp 5a is first lit at midnight.

According to this embodiment, by switching the circuit or the like so that the late-night lamp 5a such as a small circle light bulb is first turned on at midnight, the existing lighting fixture can be used to quickly realize late-night illumination. A fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. In the third embodiment, the timer 2 is removed in the third embodiment, and the changeover switch 2'that can be automatically set to the midnight mode before going to bed or arbitrarily set as a switching means.
The configuration of the operation unit 1 is the same as that of the second embodiment, the other configurations are the same as those of the third embodiment, and in the midnight mode, the Komaru is placed before the main light source. It is possible to turn on a light bulb or the like and achieve a value corresponding to the light output amount at midnight.

As another embodiment, this lighting method or lighting apparatus is configured such that the light output of the lamp immediately after lighting at midnight is about 1 to 5 lux in terms of the illuminance around the human face. However, it may be applied only to lighting for late night. With this configuration, the construction can be performed at low cost by achieving the late-night lighting system with a single fixture.

As another modification, a lighting device is provided with a sensor function to detect a human body, and this detection operation turns on the face illuminance at 1 to 5 lux at midnight,
There is an adapter that can judge the time of activity and midnight by detecting the surrounding brightness, provide the brightness of corridor lights etc. that is suitable for the situation with a built-in timer, and can switch between activity and midnight Provide a switch, provide a lighting control panel that can switch between activity and midnight,
It is also possible to perform night-time switching for a lighting device that is used by being connected to an outlet such as a stand having an outlet connection portion capable of switching between activity and midnight. further,
Lights are radiated up and down at the time of activity, but it can be applied to a luminaire in which the lower light is shielded at midnight and the indirect brightness of only the upper part is obtained.

The control method of the light output amount in each lighting means of the present invention is realized by selecting the dimming signal of the lighting circuit constituting the lighting means and the number of lighting lamps. It can also be realized by arranging etc.

[0036]

According to the lighting method of the first aspect, when the lamp is turned on from off at midnight, the light output amount is set to about 1 to 5 lux as the illuminance around the human face. , It is possible to reduce glare and discomfort, and to act without stress on the mind and body with low wakefulness. Therefore, it is suitable for late-night lighting, and can effectively cope with the situation where the number of people who perform late-night behavior increases in the aging society.

According to the lighting device of the second aspect, the construction can be performed at low cost by achieving the late-night lighting system with a single device. According to the lighting method of the third aspect, in addition to the effect of the first aspect, it is possible to provide the brightness suitable for the elderly. Here, the elderly are over 65 years old. According to the illuminating method of claim 4, by setting the illuminance around the face of the person to about 1 to 5 lux immediately after lighting at midnight, the discomfort felt when the brightness changes can be suppressed, and By setting the illuminance around the face to about 3 to 8 lux, light motions such as walking can be performed safely, and a lighting environment with visibility at midnight can be provided.

According to the lighting method of the fifth aspect, by switching between the activity time and the midnight time, 100 during the activity time.
% It is possible to easily provide an appropriate lighting environment according to the time of day by setting the dimming state for the purpose of enjoying the lighting state and the atmosphere, and adjusting the illuminance around the face to about 1 to 5 lux at midnight. it can. It can also be solved with a single device for both activity and midnight.

According to the lighting device of the sixth aspect, by performing the switching lighting system with a single device, the construction can be facilitated and an appropriate lighting environment according to the time zone can be provided. According to the luminaire according to the seventh aspect, by switching the circuit or the like so that the midnight lamp such as the Komaru light bulb is turned on first at midnight, the existing luminaire can quickly realize late night illumination.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the illuminance immediately after lighting when normal lighting during activity and lighting at midnight are started.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the illuminance of normal lighting during activity and lighting at midnight.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a light output amount at the time of dark adaptation to face illuminance, that is, a feeling evaluation value regarding discomfort.

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a laboratory.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a positional relationship between an illuminometer and a chair.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the arrangement of lighting equipment and the like in a laboratory.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a light output amount at the time of midnight walking with respect to the face illuminance, that is, a feeling evaluation value regarding glare, legibility, and security.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the second embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a third embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the fourth embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 4 dimmer 5 lamp

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hayato Ito 1048, Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. (72) Takashi Saito, 1048, Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture, Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. (72) Inventor Kimi Noguchi 1048, Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture, Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. (72) Masanori Ishiwata, 1048, Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture, Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A lighting method, characterized in that the light output of the lamp immediately after lighting at midnight is about 1 to 5 lux in terms of the illuminance around the human face. 2. A lighting fixture in which the light output of the lamp immediately after lighting is set to be about 1 to 5 lux in terms of the illuminance around the human face. 3. A lighting method, characterized in that the light output of the lamp immediately after lighting at midnight is about 3 to 5 lux in terms of the illuminance around the human face. 4. The light output of the lamp immediately after lighting at midnight is about 1 to 5 lux in the illuminance around the human face, and the light output of the lamp thereafter is 3 to the illuminance around the human face. A lighting method characterized by having about 8 lux. 5. A lighting method characterized in that the light output of the lamp immediately after lighting is set to 100% normal output or dimming output during activity, and the illuminance around the face is adjusted to about 1 to 5 lux at midnight. . 6. The light output amount of the lamp immediately after lighting is set to a normal value of 1.
The first lighting means for making a 00% output or a dimming output, and the light output amount of the lamp immediately after lighting are set as the illuminance around the face.
A lighting device comprising: a second lighting means of about 5 lux; and a switching means for selecting the first lighting means at the time of activity and selecting the second lighting means at midnight. 7. A first lamp having an activity lamp capable of 100% normal light output immediately after lighting or dimming output.
Lighting means, a second lighting means having a late-night lamp capable of setting the light output amount immediately after lighting to about 1 to 5 lux as the illuminance around the face, the first lighting means and the first lighting means. A lighting device for switching between the two lighting means and a switching means for selecting the second means so that the midnight lamp is turned on first at midnight.