JPH09264180A - Combustion system and engine system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combustion system and an engine system capable of increasing fuel cost efficiency and reducing exhaust gas by stably burning a very lean mixture. SOLUTION: A combustion system supplies fuel and air to a cylinder 1, compresses the fuel and air by a piston 2 provided in the cylinder 1, starts ignition in the cylinder 1, burns the fuel and then discharges burnt gas to the outside of the cylinder 1. Fuel is supplied when pressure in the cylinder 1 is close to a maximum load condition and air supply is performed immediately after fuel supply.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a combustion system and an engine system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional gasoline engine, a piston 2 is provided in a cylinder 1 as shown in FIGS. Is provided with an intake valve 6 for feeding a mixture of gasoline and air, and an exhaust valve 5 for exhausting combustion gas. First, the intake valve 6 is opened, and the exhaust valve 5 is closed. A suction stroke for moving the piston 2 to expand the volume in the cylinder 1 and sucking a mixture of air and gasoline into the cylinder 1,
Next, the intake valve 6 is closed, and the compression stroke in which the piston 2 is moved so as to reduce the volume in the cylinder 1 is performed. Then, the compressed air-fuel mixture is ignited to be combusted and expanded. 2 is moved to expand the volume in the cylinder 1, and then the exhaust valve 5 is opened to discharge the combustion-expanded gas to the outside of the cylinder 1. Therefore, the piston 2 is moved so as to reduce the volume of the cylinder 1. It consists of a moving exhaust stroke.

A normal four-cycle engine is a system in which the above-mentioned four steps of intake stroke, compression stroke, expansion stroke, and exhaust stroke are sequentially repeated.

In the above-mentioned conventional engine, since the mixture of gasoline and air is sucked into the cylinder 1, the response of combustion supply and the combustion control cannot be performed accurately, and efficient combustion is achieved. Therefore, it is difficult to optimally supply the intake amount of the air-fuel mixture in which the mixing ratio of air and gasoline is changed according to the combustion state in the cylinder 1.

Therefore, the engine is inefficient in fuel consumption due to an incomplete combustion state and has a large amount of exhaust gas.

The present invention has been made to solve the above conventional problems, and provides a combustion system and an engine system that stably burns an ultra-lean air-fuel mixture, has high fuel efficiency, and emits less exhaust gas. The purpose is to provide.

[0007]

The gist of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fuel and air are supplied to the cylinder 1, the fuel and air are compressed by a piston 2 provided in the cylinder 1, and then the fuel is ignited in the cylinder 1 to burn the fuel and then burned. A combustion system for exhausting gas to the outside of a cylinder 1, wherein fuel is supplied when the pressure in the cylinder 1 is in a negative pressure state, and air is supplied after the fuel is supplied. is there.

Further, in an engine system in which the piston 2 provided in the cylinder 1 is moved to generate mechanical energy, the movement of the piston 2 provided in the cylinder 1 maximizes the volume in the cylinder 1. Fuel is supplied in the vicinity, air is supplied immediately after the fuel is supplied, then the volume in the cylinder 1 is compressed by the movement of the piston 2, and the mixture of the compressed fuel and air is ignited to cause combustion expansion.
The piston 2 is moved so as to expand the volume in the cylinder 1 by the pressure due to combustion expansion, and then the exhaust valve 5 for discharging the combustion expanded gas to the outside of the cylinder 1.
The present invention relates to an engine system in which the piston 2 is moved so as to open and reduce the volume in the cylinder 1.

Further, according to the combustion state in the cylinder 1, the ultra-lean mixture can be stably burned, and the combustion state is fed back to the control device 10 so as to supply the most efficient and small amount of fuel, and the fed back information is fed back. Based on the above, control device 10 controls to supply optimal fuel,
The combustion system according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the controller 10 controls the air supplied after the fuel is supplied so that the air has an ideal air-fuel ratio, and the air amount is automatically supplied. It relates to the engine system.

Further, the present invention relates to a combustion system or an engine system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the air supplied after the fuel is supplied is ultrahigh pressure air or liquefied air.

Further, when a plurality of the cylinders 1 or casings are arranged, some of the cylinders 1 or the casings are used for an air compressor. It relates to the described combustion system or engine system.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention (how to carry out the invention) will be briefly described with reference to the drawings, showing the operational effects thereof.

If fuel is supplied when the pressure in the cylinder 1 is negative, the fuel will be injected under a high negative pressure, so that the intermolecular attractive force of the fuel in the cylinder 1 is extremely reduced. , The fuel is ultra-micronized (gasification at the molecular level) and is jetted. Then, after the fuel is supplied, that is, under the condition that the fuel is micronized and uniformly jetted, the air is supplied, so that the fuel and the air are mixed more uniformly than in the conventional case, and the fuel is completely discharged. It can burn.

As described above, by making the fuel ultra-micronized and mixing it with air, stable combustion can be performed in all regions from low speed movement of the piston 2 to high speed movement. Further, stable combustion can be performed even in a bad environment such as a cold region or a highland.

Therefore, it is possible to achieve a combustion system with high fuel efficiency and low exhaust gas under all environments and conditions.

According to the second aspect of the invention, the cylinder 1
When the fuel is supplied near the situation where the volume in the cylinder 1 is maximized by the movement of the piston 2 provided inside the cylinder 1, that is, when the pressure in the cylinder 1 is near the maximum negative pressure state, the molecular weight of the fuel in the cylinder 1 is increased. The thinning force is extremely reduced, and the fuel becomes ultra-micronized (gasification at the molecular level). Immediately after the fuel is supplied, that is, when the air is supplied under the condition that the fuel is ultra-micronized, the air-fuel mixture is a uniform mixture of the fuel and the air, and the fuel can be completely burned.

As described above, by making the fuel ultra-micronized and mixing with air, stable combustion can be performed even in the idling motion region where combustion is generally the least stable, and all of the piston 2 from low speed motion to high speed motion can be performed. Stable combustion is possible in the area. In addition, stable combustion can be performed even in adverse environments such as cold regions and highlands.

Therefore, it is possible to achieve an engine system having high fuel efficiency and low exhaust gas under all environments and conditions.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, when the air supplied after the fuel is supplied is adjusted to have an ideal air-fuel ratio and the air amount is automatically supplied, the fuel in the cylinder 1 can be burned most efficiently. Achieving a combustion system and engine system that can control the amount of air in a stable manner, can stably burn an ultra-lean air-fuel mixture, has high fuel efficiency under any environment and conditions, and has little exhaust gas. You can Then, in order to perform the most efficient combustion, in order to stably burn the leanest air-fuel mixture according to the combustion state in the cylinder 1, first, the most efficient and small amount of fuel is supplied, and then the fuel is supplied. The amount of air can be controlled and supplied so that the leanest and stable combustion can be achieved.

As described above, the combustion state is fed back to the control unit 10 so that the combustion can be performed most efficiently with the ultra-lean air-fuel mixture according to the combustion state in the cylinder 1, and the most efficient operation is performed based on the fed-back information. By supplying a small amount of fuel and the amount of air that provides the most ideal air-fuel ratio corresponding to the fuel into the cylinder 1, stable combustion can be performed even in the idling motion region where combustion is generally unstable, and the piston 2. Stable combustion is possible in all regions from low speed movement to high speed movement. In addition, stable combustion can be performed even in adverse environments such as cold regions and highlands.

Therefore, it is possible to achieve a combustion system and an engine system with high fuel efficiency and low exhaust gas under all environments and conditions.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, when the air supplied after the fuel is supplied is ultra-high pressure air or liquefied air, the fuel and the air are uniformly mixed, and the fuel is completely burned. it can.

As described above, by converting the air into ultra-high pressure air or liquefied air and mixing it uniformly with the fuel, stable combustion can be achieved even in the idling motion range where combustion is generally unstable, and the piston 2 can be operated at low speed. Stable combustion is possible in all areas until high speed movement. In addition, stable combustion can be performed even in adverse environments such as cold regions and highlands.

Therefore, it is possible to achieve a combustion system and an engine system with high fuel efficiency and low exhaust gas under all environments and conditions.

According to the invention described in claim 5, the cylinder 1
Alternatively, the cost of the combustion system or the engine system can be reduced by using some of the casings for the air compressor.

[0027]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG.
This is an engine system that generates mechanical energy by the movement of a piston 2 provided therein. A piston 2 is provided in a cylinder 1, and a hydrocarbon-based fuel such as gasoline is provided in a volume portion formed in the cylinder 1 by the movement of the piston 2. Is provided with a fuel injection nozzle 3 for supplying air into the cylinder 1, an air injection nozzle 4 for supplying air into the cylinder 1, and an exhaust valve 5 for discharging combustion gas.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the operation of the engine is as follows. First, the exhaust valve 5 is closed, the piston 2 provided in the cylinder 1 is moved, and the volume in the cylinder 1 is expanded. A hydrocarbon-based fuel such as gasoline is supplied into the cylinder 1 near the maximum internal volume, and immediately after the hydrocarbon-based fuel is supplied, air is supplied into the cylinder 1 near the maximum internal volume of the cylinder 1. To do.

Next, the volume in the cylinder 1 is compressed by the movement of the piston 2, and a mixture of compressed fuel and air is ignited by a spark plug 11 provided in the cylinder 1 to be combusted and expanded. The piston 2 is moved so as to expand the volume in the cylinder 1 by the pressure by, and then the exhaust valve 5 is opened to discharge the combustion-expanded gas to the outside of the cylinder 1 to reduce the volume in the cylinder 1. Move the piston as you would.

As described above, the operation of the engine is as shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), (a '), (b), (c), (d), and FIG. 3, four strokes of an intake stroke, a compression stroke, an expansion stroke, and an exhaust stroke are sequentially repeated.

In the figure, reference numeral 12 is a fuel tank, reference numeral 13 is a filter, reference numeral 14 is a distribution type injection pump, reference numeral 15 is an air filter, reference numeral 16 is a compressor, reference numeral 17 is an air tank, reference numeral 18 is shown.
Is a distribution type injection pump, and reference numeral 19 is a sensor.

Explaining the embodiment in more detail, according to the combustion state in the cylinder 1, the combustion state is controlled so that the ultra-lean air-fuel mixture can be stably burned and the most efficient and small amount of fuel is supplied. A fuel injection nozzle 3 that can inject fuel into the cylinder 1 is provided so that the fuel is fed back to the device 10 and the control device 10 supplies the optimum fuel based on this fed back information, and the air supplied immediately after the fuel is supplied is ideally empty. The control device 10 controls so that the fuel ratio (mass ratio of fuel and air that maximizes combustion efficiency with the smallest fuel. Different from theoretical air-fuel ratio = 14.7) is obtained.
An air injection nozzle 4 capable of automatically supplying an amount of air having an ideal air-fuel ratio is provided in the cylinder 1.

As described above, according to the combustion state in the cylinder 1, the combustion state is fed back to the control device 10 so that the combustion can be performed most efficiently with the ultra-lean air-fuel mixture, and based on the fed-back information, the most efficient combustion is performed. By supplying a small amount of fuel and the amount of air that provides the most ideal air-fuel ratio corresponding to the fuel into the cylinder 1, stable combustion can be performed even in the idling motion region where combustion is generally unstable, and the piston 2. Stable combustion is possible in all regions from low speed movement to high speed movement.

Further, stable combustion can be performed even in a bad environment such as a cold region or a highland.

Therefore, it is possible to achieve an engine system having high combustion efficiency and low exhaust gas under all environments and conditions.

If the air supplied immediately after the fuel is supplied is ultra-high pressure air or liquefied air, it becomes a mixture of the fuel and the air, and the fuel can be completely burned. By making the air into ultra-high pressure air or liquefied air and mixing it uniformly with the fuel, stable combustion is possible even in the most unstable idling motion region, and in all regions from low speed motion of the piston 2 to high speed motion. Stable combustion is possible.

In the above embodiments, the most common four-stroke gasoline engine of the combustion system has been described as an example.
The present invention is not limited to the four-cycle gasoline engine of the embodiment, and other combustion systems in general such as a diesel engine, that is, the piston 2 is provided in the cylinder 1, and fuel and air are supplied into the cylinder 1. The present invention can be applied to all combustion systems that can generate mechanical energy by moving the piston 2.

In a multi-cylinder engine, it is technically easy to use some cylinders 1 or casings for an air compressor, and the present invention can be implemented without much cost. Is.

When the above contents are adopted in the rotary engine, they are best suited to the present invention in terms of their mechanism.

[0041]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, when fuel is supplied when the pressure in the cylinder is in a negative pressure state, the intermolecular attractive force of the fuel in the cylinder is extremely reduced, and the fuel is ultra-microscopic. As a result, the fuel and air become a uniform mixture, and the fuel can be completely burned. Further, by making the fuel ultra-micro and mixing it with air, stable combustion can be performed in all regions from low speed movement of the piston to high speed movement. Further, stable combustion can be performed even in a bad environment such as a cold region or a highland.

Therefore, under all environments and conditions, it is possible to achieve a combustion system with high fuel efficiency and less exhaust gas.

According to the second aspect of the invention, the fuel is supplied near the situation where the volume inside the cylinder is maximized by the movement of the piston provided in the cylinder, that is, when the pressure inside the cylinder is near the maximum negative pressure state. If this is done, the intermolecular attractive force of the fuel is extremely reduced in the cylinder, and the fuel becomes ultra-micro. Immediately after the fuel is supplied, that is, when the air is supplied under the condition that the fuel is ultra-micronized, the air-fuel mixture is a uniform mixture of the fuel and the air, and the fuel can be completely burned.

By super-micronizing the fuel and mixing it with air, stable combustion can be performed even in the idling motion region where combustion is generally unstable, and stable combustion is possible in all regions from low speed movement of the piston to high speed movement. . In addition, stable combustion can be performed even in adverse environments such as cold regions and highlands.

Therefore, it is possible to achieve an engine system having high fuel efficiency and low exhaust gas under all environments and conditions.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the combustion state is fed back to the control device so that the combustion can be performed most efficiently with the ultra-lean air-fuel mixture according to the combustion state in the cylinder. By supplying the most efficient and least fuel based on this, and the amount of air that is the most ideal air-fuel ratio corresponding to that fuel into the cylinder,
In general, stable combustion is possible even in the idling motion range where combustion is most unstable, and stable combustion is possible in all regions from low speed movement to high speed movement of the piston. In addition, stable combustion can be performed even in adverse environments such as cold regions and highlands.

Therefore, it is possible to achieve a combustion system and an engine system with high fuel efficiency and low exhaust gas under all environments and conditions.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, when the air supplied after the fuel is supplied is ultra-high pressure air or liquefied air, the fuel and air are mixed uniformly, and the fuel is completely burned. it can. And, by making the air into ultra-high pressure air or liquefied air and mixing it uniformly with the fuel, stable combustion is possible even in the idling motion range where combustion is generally the least stable, and the entire range from low speed piston movement to high speed piston movement is achieved. It enables stable combustion. In addition, stable combustion can be performed even in adverse environments such as cold regions and highlands. Therefore,
Under all environments and conditions, it is possible to achieve a combustion system and an engine system with high fuel efficiency and low exhaust gas.

It should be noted that an output exceeding a general displacement can be obtained even if the power loss due to air compression is subtracted.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, by using some of the cylinders or casings for the air compressor, the cost of the combustion system or the engine system can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of an engine system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the operation of the engine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the operation of the engine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of a conventional engine system.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the operation of a conventional engine.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing the operation of a conventional engine.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 cylinder 2 piston 5 exhaust valve 10 controller

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location F02D 41/14 310 F02D 41/14 310C

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A fuel and air are supplied to a cylinder, the fuel and the air are compressed by a piston provided in the cylinder, and then the fuel is burned by igniting the fuel in the cylinder to generate a combustion gas. In a combustion system for exhausting to the outside of a cylinder, fuel is supplied when the pressure in the cylinder is in a negative pressure state, and air is supplied after the fuel is supplied. 2. An engine system in which a piston provided in a cylinder is moved to generate mechanical energy, and fuel is supplied in the vicinity of a situation where the movement of the piston provided in the cylinder maximizes the volume in the cylinder. Then, air is supplied immediately after the fuel is supplied, then the volume in the cylinder is compressed by the movement of the piston, the mixture of the compressed fuel and air is ignited to be combusted and expanded, and the cylinder is pressurized by the combustion expansion. The piston is moved so as to increase the internal volume, and then the piston is moved so as to reduce the internal volume of the cylinder by opening an exhaust valve to discharge the combustion-expanded gas to the outside of the cylinder. And engine system. 3. An ultra-lean air-fuel mixture can be stably burned according to the combustion state in the cylinder, and the combustion state is fed back to the control device so as to supply the most efficient and less fuel, and based on the fed-back information. The control device controls so as to supply an optimum fuel, and the air supplied after the supply of the fuel is controlled by the control device so as to have an ideal air-fuel ratio, and the air amount is automatically supplied. 1. The combustion system or engine system according to any one of 1 and 2. 4. The air supplied after the fuel is supplied is ultrahigh pressure air or liquefied air.
A combustion system or an engine system according to any one of 3 to 3. 5. A plurality of the cylinders or casings are arranged, and some of the cylinders or casings are used for an air compressor. Combustion system or engine system.