JPH09261804A - Magnetic levitation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the vibration of a car effectively in a system in which the car is levitated by using electromagnets. SOLUTION: When a given current is caused to flow through an electromagnet 30, the line of magnetic force is generated and attracts an electromagnetic rail 63 to the side of the electromagnet 30. As a result, the distance between them comes close to a given gap, by which a car 1 is levitated relatively from a rail 6 at a given interval. Under this state, the coil 51 of a propelling device 5 is energized. This generates a shifting magnetic field on a reaction plate and both magnetic forces act so as to enable the car 1 to run at high speed on the rail 6. The vibration of the car 1 in a magnetically levitated state is enabled to be remarkably lowered by making relatively less the magnetic levitating force of the electromagnet 30 arranged more inside than that of both ends of the row of the electromagnets 30 rather than by giving equal magnetic levitating force to each electromagnet 30.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a magnetic levitation system, and more particularly to controlling the magnetic levitation force of a magnetic levitation electromagnet used in the system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A magnetic levitation type traveling system such as a magnetic levitation railway is characterized in that a traveling vehicle is supported by a magnetic force so that the traveling vehicle travels in a non-contact state with respect to a track, that is, a magnetic rail. And The vehicle is composed of a vehicle body and a bogie truck that supports the vehicle body, and has a structure that is supported by a plurality of magnets provided on the bogie truck. As a method of magnetically supporting the vehicle, a permanent magnet supporting method of levitating the vehicle body by a repulsive force or an attractive force acting between two magnetic poles of permanent magnets attached to both the vehicle body and the track, and a bogie truck on the vehicle body side An electromagnetic induction levitation method in which an electromagnet is attached to the track and short-circuit coils are lined up on the track, or an electromagnetic suction control method that supports the vehicle by the attractive force between the electromagnet attached to the bogie and the iron rail of the track (Electromagnetic Suspension System: EM
S) etc. are known. Such an electromagnetic suction control type magnetic levitation traveling system is disclosed in, for example, "HSST-10".
0 system ”(Munenobu Murai), pp. 187, Proc.

In the electromagnetic suction control system, the supporting force required to support the vehicle body in a floating state does not change whether the vehicle is traveling or not traveling. However, when the gap length between the iron rail and the magnet changes, the magnitude of the supporting force changes. That is, when the weight of the vehicle is smaller than the supporting force, the magnet is attracted to the rail, and conversely, when the supporting force is insufficient, the vehicle falls on the track. Therefore, it becomes necessary to adjust the current to the electromagnet so as to keep the distance between the electromagnet and the magnetic rail constant. Generally, a plurality of electromagnets for magnetic levitation provided on a bogie trolley supporting a vehicle body in a magnetic levitation system are arranged in a row at equal intervals corresponding to magnetic rails on each bogie trolley to support the vehicle body. It is designed to give a substantially uniform levitation force. The arrangement of such a magnetic levitation electromagnet is, for example,
"Technology of Magnetically Levitated Railway" (Masada et al .: Ohmsha (199
It is introduced on page 18 of 2).

[0004]

In a system for supporting a vehicle by using a plurality of electromagnets as described above, conventionally, there has been an unsolved problem that vibration occurs when the vehicle is magnetically levitated. There is. The vibration in the magnetically levitated state is transmitted from the bogie carriage to the vehicle body as vehicle body vibration, resulting in a problem that the riding comfort of the vehicle is deteriorated.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is configured to solve the above problems, and effectively reduces vehicle vibration in a system for magnetically levitating a vehicle using a plurality of electromagnets. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetic levitation system that can improve riding comfort. In order to achieve the above object, a magnetic levitation system according to the present invention includes a magnetic rail, a bogie truck that supports a vehicle body so that a vehicle can travel along the magnetic rail, and a magnetic levitation of the vehicle body from the magnetic rail. An electromagnet provided on a bogie trolley in order to drive the vehicle body along the magnetic rail and in a non-contact state with respect to the magnetic rail, wherein the electromagnet is laid on the magnetic rail. The plurality of electromagnets are provided in a row along the direction on the bogie carriage, and the magnetic levitation force of the electromagnets located at the end of the row among the plurality of electromagnets is
It is characterized in that it is larger than the magnetic levitation force of the electromagnets located in the center of the row.

In a preferred mode, a gap sensor is further provided which generates a signal according to the distance between the magnetic rail and the electromagnet, and the magnetic levitation force of the electromagnet is controlled according to the output of the gap sensor. ing. In yet another aspect, the magnetic levitation force of the electromagnets located in the central portion of the row is added to the row by adding a braking winding in which the excitation winding is short-circuited without externally exciting the electromagnets located in the central portion of the row. It is lower than the electromagnet located at the end and a damping winding is added. Further, a current may be applied to the electromagnets located in the center of the row in a direction opposite to the direction in which the magnetic levitation force is applied. The present inventor has found out that even if a plurality of electromagnets provided on a bogie truck for giving a magnetic levitation force are given uniform levitation force, it may cause vibration of the vehicle body. The force is not equalized among a plurality of electromagnets, but rather a non-uniform magnetic levitation force is positively applied. In particular, according to the knowledge of the present inventor, among the plurality of electromagnets arranged in a row on the bogie carriage along the direction in which the magnetic rail is laid, a large magnetic levitation is achieved for the electromagnets located at the ends of the row. If the force is controlled so that a relatively small magnetic levitation force is generated for the electromagnets located in the center of the row, the damping effect in the levitation state is enhanced.

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The basic structure of a magnetic levitation traveling system according to the present invention comprises a vehicle and a levitation guide device for the vehicle, a propulsion device, a braking device, and the like. Since the parts other than the levitation guide device of the vehicle are not directly related to the present invention, the description thereof will be omitted. A magnetic levitation system for a vehicle according to the present invention electrically generates a magnetic attraction force between an electromagnet attached to a bogie trolley on the vehicle side and a magnetic rail laid along a traveling path of the vehicle. The body is levitated and the body is maintained in a non-contact state with the magnetic rail. In order to run the magnetically levitated vehicle body in a non-contact state with respect to the magnetic rails, a propulsion device is provided for generating propulsive force by a magnetic force and traveling the vehicle. The propulsion device according to the present invention is provided. Since it is not directly related to the magnetic levitation device, detailed description will be omitted. The basic feature of the present invention is that in the conventional magnetic levitation system using a plurality of electromagnets, in order to reduce the vibration of the magnetic levitation vehicle, the conventional control that tries to evenly apply the magnetic levitation force of each electromagnet. In view of the limit, it has been found that it is effective to make the magnetic levitation force different for each electromagnet. Therefore, a known method of controlling such magnetic levitation force to be different among the electromagnets is included in the characteristics of the present invention.

The magnetic levitation force of a vehicle depends on the distance between a magnetic rail and an electromagnet attached to a bogie truck that supports the vehicle body. Therefore, in order to set the magnetic levitation force to a desired value, it is necessary to maintain a predetermined distance between the magnetic rail and the electromagnet. Specifically, with an electromagnet attached to the bogie trolley,
The distance from the magnetic rail is measured by a gap sensor or the like, and the measurement signal is transmitted to the current control device for the coil of the electromagnet to adjust the current so that the above distance is kept constant. In this case, the current control to the coil of each electromagnet is performed so that the magnet located at the end of the row has a stronger magnetic levitation force than the electromagnet located at the center of the row. The currents to the coils of each electromagnet are not necessarily equal and are typically controlled such that the current to the electromagnets at the ends of the row is greater than the current to the electromagnets at the center of the row. In this way, by controlling the magnetic levitation force of the electromagnets located at the end portions of the electromagnet row to be relatively larger than that of the electromagnets located in the central portion of the row, the magnetic levitation force is stably applied to the vehicle. Therefore, the vibration of the magnetically levitated vehicle can be suppressed.

In a preferred embodiment, the gap sensor produces an output corresponding to the size of the gap between the magnetic rail and the electromagnet. Therefore, in controlling the current to the coil of the electromagnet, the gap sensor outputs in accordance with the output of the gap sensor. The circuit can be configured such that the current to the coil varies.
Further, in order to control each magnetic levitation force of the above magnetic levitation electromagnet array, it is not always necessary to control the current to the coil of the electromagnet. For example, the magnetic levitation force gradient of the electromagnet array can be controlled to a desired tendency by setting the impedance corresponding to each coil of the electromagnet to an appropriate value.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Referring to FIG. 1, an overall schematic view of a magnetic levitation traveling vehicle in which a magnetic levitation system according to the present invention can be used,
It is shown so that the internal state can be seen partially. A magnetically levitated vehicle 1 according to the present invention includes a vehicle body 2 and a bogie 3 that is positioned below the vehicle body 2 and supports the vehicle body 2. A pair of bogie trucks 3 are provided at the front and rear of one vehicle. The vehicle 1 of this example is a vehicle 1 for passengers, in which a driver's seat 21 is provided in the front, and a predetermined number of passengers (in this example, one vehicle is provided in the cabin space behind it). 40 seats 22 are attached.
In the following description, parts other than the vehicle levitation guide device 4 (FIG. 2) provided on the bogie 3 are not directly related to the present invention, and therefore detailed description thereof is omitted. Referring to FIG. 2, a magnetic levitation system according to the present invention is shown in cross-sectional form.

The magnetic levitation traveling system of the present embodiment includes the vehicle 1 and a bogie 3 for supporting the vehicle 1 and a levitation guide device 4 provided on the bogie 3 to levitate the vehicle 1 at a predetermined position. A linear motor primary side for moving the vehicle 1 at high speed, a propulsion device 5 including a brake device, and a rail 6 that includes a reaction plate and forms a traveling path of the vehicle are provided. Vehicle 1 according to the present invention
1 is also formed symmetrically with reference to FIG. 1, the upper space of the vehicle body is a passenger compartment space, and a passage space extending in the front and rear direction is provided in the center, and a seat 22 for two people is provided on the left and right. Installed. On the lower surface side of the floor 23 of the passenger compartment, cross members 11 extending in the lateral direction are attached at predetermined intervals in the front-rear direction. This cross member 11
A bogie 3 for supporting the vehicle body 2 with the cushion material 12 sandwiched therebetween is provided below. Bogie 3
Is positioned so as to cover the upper portion of the rail 6, which is the traveling path, and is in a non-contact state with the rail 6 in the traveling state. That is, the bogie 3 is configured to move at high speed along the rail 6 in a floating state with a predetermined space above the rail 6. The rail 6 includes a pillar 61 made of concrete, which is erected in a state where the lower portion is buried in the ground so as to keep an interval above the ground. The concrete columns 61 have a substantially gate shape, and are provided at predetermined intervals along the extending direction of the rail 6. Pillows 62 extending in the lateral direction are arranged on the upper surface of the concrete support column 61.
A pair of magnetic rails 63, which also constitute a part of the levitation guide device 4 and extend in the traveling direction of the vehicle, are attached to lower portions of both ends of the pillow 62. The magnetic rail 63 is composed of a laminated iron core, and is attached to the horizontal member 31 by a bracket 631 so as to be relatively movable so as to absorb a certain amount of thermal expansion and contraction.

A plurality of electromagnets 30 are attached to the bogie 3 below the magnetic rail 63 at predetermined intervals in a positional relationship facing the magnetic rail 63. As described above, the bogie 3 is provided so as to cover the upper portion of the rail 6, and includes the horizontal member 31 that extends laterally above the rail 6 substantially parallel to the pillow material 62. The horizontal member 31 includes a pair of vertical members 32 extending downward from the left and right ends of the horizontal member 31. At the lower end of each vertical member 32, a channel member 33 is attached so as to project inward so as to form a horizontal plane, and the electromagnet 30 is mounted on the horizontal plane so as to face the magnetic rail 63 as described above.
Is attached. In this case, the magnetic rail 63 and the electromagnet 30 are slightly inclined from the horizontal direction in the left and right symmetrical axes of the vehicle 1, that is, the central axis 8 direction of the vehicle. As a result, the magnetic levitation force of the electromagnet 30 acts and the centripetal force of the vehicle 1 is obtained at the same time, and the stability during traveling can be improved. Further, in the middle of the vertical member 32, the electromagnetic coil 51 of the propulsion device 5 is attached to the angle member 34 provided so as to horizontally project inward from the vertical member 32, similarly to the electromagnet 30 described above. . Then, an aluminum plate 52 as a reaction plate extending along the traveling direction so as to face the electromagnetic coil is arranged, and the aluminum plate 52 is attached to a bracket 64 attached to the pillow material 62 of the rail 6. ing. Further, a pair of guide wheels 65 protruding downward are attached to the horizontal member 31 of the bogie 3 to support the vehicle 1 on the support plate 66 when the magnetic levitation force of the electromagnet 30 is not acting. It is like this.

Further, a hydraulic brake device 36 is provided inside the one guide wheel of the horizontal member via a bracket 35.
Is provided. The hydraulic brake device 36 can press the vertical wall 371 of the channel member 37 mounted on the upper surface of the pillow 62 so as to extend in the traveling direction, and brakes the traveling of the vehicle 1. Further, a horizontal guide wheel 38 that can travel on the other vertical wall 372 of the channel member 37 is attached to the lower surface of the horizontal member 31 of the bogie 3 via a bracket 39. Further, a magnetic levitation electromagnet 30 is provided between the vehicle body 2 and the bogie 3 at the center of the vehicle 1.
And a pantograph device 7 for supplying power to the electromagnetic coil 51 for the propulsion device. This device can use any known one,
Since it does not form a characteristic part of the present invention, its detailed description is omitted.

Referring to FIG. 3, an arrangement state of the magnetic levitation electromagnets supported by the bogie 3 is shown. In the apparatus of this example, the odd-numbered magnetic poles (each having nine magnetic poles in this example) electromagnets 301 are arranged in a row along the laying direction of the magnetic rails 63.
~ 309 are arranged. The electromagnet rows 301 to 30
The electromagnets 301 and 309 at the front and rear ends of the electromagnet 9 are half the size of the electromagnets 302 to 308 inside thereof. In the structure of the electromagnet 30, as shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C, a plurality of silicon steel plates 310 in a stacked state are arranged so as to extend in the front-rear direction. Therefore, in the structure of this example, the lower portion of the electromagnet 30 is the silicon steel plate 31.
0 extends in common with respect to each of the electromagnets 301 to 309 in the front-rear direction, and a laminated iron core made of a silicon steel plate 310 having the same height at a predetermined interval and having a predetermined length except for both front and rear ends is lined up. There is. The length of the laminated core at the front and rear ends is half the length of the inner laminated core. Then, in this state, the coils 311 to 319 are arranged around the portion projecting upward of the silicon steel plate 310 in a relationship as shown in FIG. 3 to form the electromagnets 301 to 309. The silicon steel plate 310 is supported from both sides by structural members 320 to 323 having a predetermined thickness. The magnetic rail 63 and the electromagnet 30 are provided at both front and rear ends of the levitating electromagnet array of this example.
A gap sensor 324 for detecting the distance is provided. Then, the gap sensor 324 uses the magnetic rail 63.
A signal corresponding to the distance from the electromagnet 30 is output.

Referring to FIG. 5, each electromagnet 301-30
9 shows the state of connection to the DC power supply. Of the first to ninth magnetic poles 301 to 309 of the electromagnet, the first to fourth magnetic poles 301 to 304 and the sixth to ninth magnetic poles 306 to 30.
9 are connected to different power sources, and
The magnetic pole 305 has a short-circuit coil 315 that is not externally excited. In this example, impedances Z _{311 to} Z ₃₁₄ related to the coils 311 to 314 are arranged in order from the first to fourth magnetic poles.
The impedance value is set so as to increase. That is, Z ₃₁₁ <Z ₃₁₂ <Z ₃₁₃ <Z ₃₁₄ . The impedances Z _{316 to} Z ₃₁₉ are set to decrease in order from the sixth to ninth magnetic poles. That is, Z ₃₁₆ > Z ₃₁₇ > Z ₃₁₈ > Z ₃₁₉ . FIG. 6 shows how the magnetic forces of the first to ninth magnetic poles set in this way are generated.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the magnetic force lines, the magnetic poles at both ends, that is, the first and ninth magnetic poles 301 and 309, have adjacent magnetic poles only on one side. Two lines of magnetic force pass. However, in the second to eighth magnetic poles 302 to 308, the magnetic force lines passing through the inside of the coil pass through the insides of the coils of the adjacent magnetic poles. Therefore, the winding directions of the coils of the electromagnets 301 to 309 of this example are opposite to each other in the adjacent electromagnets.
That is, the electromagnets 301, 303, 305, 307, 3
09 is the same winding direction and the electromagnets 302, 304, 30
It is the opposite of 6, 308. The winding directions may be the same and the connection may be reversed. In this example, no external excitation is performed on the fifth magnetic pole 305, which is the central magnetic pole. However, due to the influence of the magnetic field lines of the magnetic poles on both sides, a magnetic field is generated in a direction that weakens the magnetic field lines on both sides. That is, the magnetic flux densities of the fourth and sixth magnetic poles are attenuated by the braking magnetic field generated in the fifth magnetic pole. As a result, as shown in the figure, the magnetic levitation force by the fourth and sixth magnetic poles 304 to 306 becomes weaker than that of the first to third magnetic poles 301 to 303 and the seventh to ninth magnetic poles 307 to 309 outside thereof. First to ninth magnetic poles 3
The levels of the magnetic flux density of 01 to 309 are schematically shown in FIG. The width of the graph shows the width of the iron core.
That is, the magnetic flux density of the magnetic poles at both ends of the electromagnet array is high,
The magnetic flux density decreases toward the center.

For example, the fifth magnetic pole 305, which is the central magnetic pole.
The magnetic flux density is about half of the magnetic poles 301 and 309 at both ends. Further, the magnetic poles 304, 3 adjacent to the central magnetic pole 305
06 is about three quarters of the magnetic poles 301 and 309 at both ends. In the system of the present invention, when a predetermined current is passed through the electromagnet 30, magnetic lines of force as shown in FIG. 6 are generated, and the magnetic rail 63 is attracted toward the electromagnet 30 to bring them closer to each other at a predetermined distance. As a result, the vehicle 1 relatively floats above the rail 6 by a predetermined amount. In this state, the coil 51 of the propulsion device is excited. As a result, a moving magnetic field is generated in the reaction plate, and the vehicle travels on the rail 6 at a high speed due to the magnetic force of the two. According to the research conducted by the present inventor, by relatively weakening the magnetic levitation force of the electromagnets located inside the magnetic levitation force at both ends of the electromagnet row, the magnetic levitation force can be made smaller than that in the case of giving uniform magnetic levitation force to each electromagnet. Vibration of the vehicle in a levitating state can be significantly reduced.

In the above description, the fifth magnetic pole 305, which is the central magnetic pole, is not externally excited to reduce the magnetic flux density of the central magnetic pole. You may comprise so that it may become an opposite direction to both sides. In this case, the winding direction of the coil may be reversed, or the current may be passed in the opposite direction. Further, various methods can be considered for controlling the magnetic flux density according to the position of the electromagnets in the row. For example, a controller for adjusting the current of each electromagnet to a predetermined amount may be provided, or the impedance may be variable and the impedance may be controlled so that a predetermined magnetic flux density gradient is obtained in the electromagnet array. .

[0019]

The magnetic flux densities of the electromagnets of the bogie supporting the vehicle are not uniform, and the magnetic flux density of the magnetic poles in the central portion is made smaller than the magnetic flux density of the magnetic poles at both ends, whereby the magnetic levitation force of the electromagnets is reduced. Is controlled to be high at both ends of the electromagnet array and relatively low at the center. By controlling the magnetic levitation force of the electromagnet in this manner, it is possible to effectively reduce the vibration of the vehicle in the magnetic levitation state.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a magnetic levitation traveling system according to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the magnetic levitation traveling system,

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a levitation electromagnet according to one embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a structure of an electromagnet of the magnetic levitation traveling system of the present invention;

5 is a circuit diagram of the electromagnet of FIG. 4,

6 is an explanatory diagram showing a flow of magnetic flux generated in the electromagnet of FIG. 4,

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the level of magnetic flux density of each electromagnet of this example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 vehicle 2 vehicle body 3 bogie trolley 4 levitation guide device 5 propulsion device 6 rail 7 pantograph device 11 cross member 12 cushion member 61 concrete pillar 63 magnetic rail 301 to 309 electromagnet 324 gap sensor 311 to 319 coil.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A magnetic rail, a bogie trolley for supporting a vehicle body so that the vehicle can travel along the magnetic rail, and an electromagnet provided on the bogie trolley for magnetically levitating the vehicle body from the magnetic rail. In a magnetic levitation system, wherein the vehicle body travels along a magnetic rail and in a non-contact state with respect to the magnetic rail, the electromagnets are arranged in rows on the bogie carriage along a laying direction of the magnetic rail. Among the plurality of electromagnets, the magnetic levitation force of the electromagnet located at the end of the row is greater than the magnetic levitation force of the electromagnet located at the center of the row. Levitation system. 2. The magnetism of an electromagnet located in the central part of claim 1, wherein external excitation of the electromagnet located in the central part of the row is not performed, but a braking winding having a short-circuited excitation winding is added. A magnetic levitation system characterized in that the levitation force is made lower than that of electromagnets located at the end of the row and a braking effect is provided. 3. The magnetic levitation system according to claim 1, wherein a current is applied to the electromagnet located in the center of the row in a direction opposite to the direction in which the magnetic levitation force is applied.