JPH09247664A - Transmitter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance the carrying performance and the convenience of the transmitter by providing a high efficiency coder, a multiplexer multiplexing digitized audio data on video data, a convolution coder and a PSK modulator or the like. SOLUTION: A video signal from an input terminal 1 is converted into a digital signal by an A/D converter 2, high-efficiency-coded at an image high efficiency coder 3, that is, the information amount is reduced. Then signals from the coder 3, the D/A converter 6 and a telephone CODEC are multiplexed by a multiplexer 4 and serial-coded. the data are given to a convolution coder 9, in which the data are convolution-coded for error correction and the resulting data are fed to a PSK modulator 10. A carrier of a prescribed frequency is PSK-demodulated by the data. Its output signal is up-converted in matching with an operating frequency of a repeater of a communication satellite at an up-converter 11, amplified by a high power amplifier 12 and fed to a parabolic antenna 14, from which the signal is sent as a radio wave toward the communication satellite.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is suitable for use in a case where a moving image signal (including voice) of news or the like is relayed to a broadcasting station or the like by using a transmitting device, particularly a small-sized transmitting station. Regarding a transmitter.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The so-called ENG (Elecrtic N) that brings in a portable VTR to the site for video news coverage
The ews gathering) system is currently introduced in many broadcasting stations. The introduction of this ENG system has dramatically improved the convenience of news gathering, but since recording is basically a prerequisite, real-time relay is impossible.

Therefore, when real-time relay is required, a microwave line is currently used. However, the use of this microwave line has the drawbacks that it takes time and effort to install the line when relaying from the scene of a sudden accident.

On the other hand, in recent years, so-called SNG (Satellite News g) has been used in the United States to conduct news coverage using communication satellites.
athering) system has been introduced, and the number of cases of real-time relay from an onboard earth station to a broadcasting station is increasing.

This SNG system uses the ultra-high frequency Ku band (14/12 GHz) to emit video and audio from a site to a communication satellite with a portable transmitter, which is installed on a television station or the like. It is a relay system that receives at the base,
It is possible to broadcast live from the scene immediately.

[0006]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, the current SNG
In the system, an FM transmission method that is not necessarily compatible with the communication satellite is used. This FM transmission method uses an analog signal, and the transmission output of the final stage of the transmitter is as large as 100 W. The diameter is quite large, for example, a few meters. Therefore, as long as such an FM transmission system is used, there is a limit in reducing the size and weight of the equipment of the transmitting station by reducing the transmission output of the transmitter or the parabolic antenna system.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and aims to reduce the size and weight of the devices constituting the system.
An object of the present invention is to provide a transmission device that can improve portability and convenience.

[0008]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a transmitter including the following means. That is, a high-efficiency encoding device that encodes a digitized video signal with high efficiency, a multiplexer that multiplexes the digitized audio data with the high-efficiency encoded video data, and an error correction to the multiplexed data. A convolutional encoder for performing convolutional encoding for P, a PSK modulator for performing PSK modulation on the convolutionally encoded data, and
And a means for transmitting the output signal of the SK modulator.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In an embodiment of the present invention, a video signal is converted from an analog signal to a digital signal by an A / D converter 2 on the transmission side, and an image high efficiency encoding device 3 is provided.
, High efficiency coding, that is, reduction of the amount of information, convolutional encoder 9 performs convolutional coding for error correction, and PSK modulator 10 performs P conversion on the carrier wave with the data.
It is SK-modulated and transmitted to the receiving side via the satellite.

On the receiving side, the PSK demodulator 24 PSK demodulates the received signal, and the Viterbi decoder 25 performs error correction by Viterbi decoding, that is, the maximum likelihood decoding of the convolutional code is performed by the Viterbi algorithm, and the data is The image high-efficiency decoding device 27 performs high-efficiency decoding, that is, obtains original data from the data whose information amount has been reduced and restores the original digital video signal. As a result, the power required for transmission can be reduced to a fraction or less compared to the FM transmission method.

Hereinafter, this embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

* Structure and operation of transmitter station FIG. 1 shows an example of the circuit structure of a relay transmitter station. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an input terminal to which a video signal is applied. The video signal is supplied to the A / D converter 2, where the analog signal is converted into a digital signal.

The digitized video signal is supplied to the high-efficiency image encoding device 3, where high-efficiency encoding, that is, reduction of the amount of information (band compression) is performed. A method of reducing the amount of information is not specified here, but an input (A / D) encoded by CCEIR Rec (Recommendation) No. 601 by an appropriate method is 216 Mbps. For example, it is possible to reduce the amount of information to 12 Mbps and further reduce image quality deterioration. The video signal from the encoding device 3 with the reduced amount of information is supplied to the multiplexer 4.

Reference numeral 5 denotes an input terminal to which a voice signal is applied. The voice signal from the input terminal 5 is supplied to an A / D converter 6, where an analog signal is converted into a digital signal and then is input to a multiplexer 4. Supplied. Reference numeral 7 is a telephone, and a voice signal from the telephone 7 is supplied to a telephone codec (Coder & Decoder) 8 where it is A / D converted into a digital signal of, for example, 64 Kbps and supplied to a multiplexer 4.

The signals from the encoder 3, the A / D converter 6 and the telephone codec supplied to the multiplexer 4 are multiplexed and serialized into a data format as shown in FIG. That is, in FIG. 3, a sync signal is inserted at the beginning of the format, followed by audio data from the input terminal 5, audio from the telephone 7 and other control data, and then video data from the input terminal 1. Arranged.

The data serialized by the multiplexer 4 is supplied to a convolutional encoder 9, where convolutional encoding for error correction is performed. Here, the coding rate of convolutional coding is determined according to the balance of the entire system, and is not particularly specified.

The convolutionally coded data is supplied to the PSK modulator 10, and the data is supplied with a predetermined frequency, for example, 1
The carrier of 40 MHz is PSK modulated. PSK modulator 1
The output signal of 0 is supplied to the up-converter 11, and the frequency of the repeater of the communication satellite (not shown) used here is up-converted to 14 GHz.

The up-converted signal is, for example, 10
It is supplied to and amplified by a W high power amplifier 12 and is supplied to a parabolic antenna 14 having a small aperture, for example, about 1.2 to 1.8 m through a demultiplexer 13 and is then supplied to a communication satellite. Sent to you.

When the parabolic antenna 14 receives the voice information from the telephone set generated by the receiving station for stations as shown in FIG. 2, that is, the fixed station, this voice information is reduced through the duplexer 13. Noise Amplifier (Low Noise Amplifier) 15
Is supplied to and amplified. The output signal of the low noise amplifier 15 is supplied to the down converter 16, where the PS of the next stage is
It is down-converted to a predetermined frequency, for example, 140 MHz in accordance with the intermediate frequency of the K demodulator 17. The output signal from the down converter 16 is supplied to the PSK demodulator 17, where it is PSK demodulated and the data is demodulated. The PSK demodulator 17 may be an FSK demodulator.

The PSK demodulated data is the Viterbi decoder 1
8 and performs error correction by Viterbi decoding. That is, the maximum likelihood decoding of the convolutional code is performed by the Viterbi algorithm. The decoded data is supplied to the telephone codec 8, where it is D / A converted and supplied to the telephone 7. As a result, the telephone voice transmitted from the fixed station is received by the telephone of the relay transmitting station via the communication satellite.

* Structure and operation of receiving station FIG. 2 shows a circuit structure of a receiving station for a station, that is, a fixed station. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 20 denotes a parabolic antenna having a medium aperture, for example, about 3 to 5 m. As described above, the transmission information of 14 GHz emitted from the transmission station of FIG. 1 toward the communication satellite is converted into a transmission frequency of a predetermined frequency, for example, 12 GHz by the communication satellite and received by the parabolic antenna 20.

Information from the parabolic antenna 20 is supplied to the low noise amplifier 22 via the demultiplexer 21 and amplified. The output signal of the low noise amplifier 22 is the down converter 2
3 and is down-converted to a predetermined frequency, for example, 140 MHz according to the intermediate frequency of the PSK demodulator 24 in the next stage. The output signal from the down converter 23 is supplied to a PSK demodulator 24, where it is PSK demodulated and data is demodulated.

The PSK demodulated data is the Viterbi decoder 2
5 and performs error correction by Viterbi decoding. That is, the maximum likelihood decoding of the convolutional code is performed by the Viterbi algorithm.

The decoded data is sent to the demultiplexer 26.
And the video signal and the audio signal are diverted, and if the telephone audio signal is also included, this is also diverted. The divided video signal is supplied to the image high-efficiency decoding device 27, where high-efficiency decoding is performed, for example, 2 from 12 Mbps.
It is converted into a 16 Mbps digital signal. This digital signal is converted into an analog signal by the D / A converter 28, and the original video signal is obtained at the output terminal 29.

The audio signal shunted by the demultiplexer 26 is converted from a digital signal to an analog signal by the D / A converter 30 and is taken out to the output terminal 31 as an original audio signal.

The telephone voice signal divided by the demultiplexer 26 is D / A converted by the telephone codec 32 and supplied to the telephone 33 as an analog signal.

The voice signal from the telephone 33 is A / D converted by the telephone codec 32 and is, for example, 64 Kbps.
Is supplied to the convolutional encoder 34, where convolutional encoding for error correction is performed. Here, the coding rate of the convolutional coding is determined according to the balance of the entire system and is not particularly specified.

The convolutionally encoded data is supplied to a PSK modulator 35, and the data is supplied with a predetermined frequency, for example, 1
The carrier of 40 MHz is PSK modulated. In addition, this PS
The K modulator 35 may be an FSK modulator.

The output signal of the PSK modulator 35 is supplied to the up-converter 36 and up-converted to the frequency of the repeater of the communication satellite (not shown) used here, for example, 14 GHz. The up-converted signal is supplied to the high power amplifier 37, amplified, supplied to the parabolic antenna 20 via the demultiplexer 21, and then transmitted to the communication satellite. After that, as described above, the relay transmitting station of FIG. 1 receives the call through the telephone line for contact. * Structure and operation of main part FIG. 4 shows an example of the image high-efficiency encoding device 3. In FIG. 4, 41 is an input terminal to which a digitized video signal is supplied. It shall follow the component coding rules recommended in CCIR Rec 601. Therefore, a component-coded video signal such as a luminance signal (Y) having a sampling frequency of 13.5 MHz and a quantization number of 8 bits and a color difference having a sampling frequency of 6.75 MHz and an quantization number of 8 bits are input to the input terminal 41. The signals (RY, BY) are applied.

The video signal from the input terminal 41 is supplied to the motion detection circuit 42 and the sub-sampling circuit 43. Note that only the luminance signal may be supplied to the motion detection circuit 42. The motion detection circuit 42 detects (evaluates) the amount of motion between the previous screen (previous frame) and the current screen (current frame). Although various detection methods can be considered, a motion amount is detected by, for example, having a frame memory, calculating a difference between the previous screen and the current screen for each sample, and accumulating the difference.

The sub-sampling circuit 43 performs thinning (sub-sampling) in the format described below in view of the fact that human visual characteristics are different between the luminance component and the color component, and in consideration of the latter interpolating circuit to be described later.

First, the subsampling of the luminance signal Y will be described. The sub-sampling pattern of the luminance signal is as shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the vertical axis represents the number of scanning lines, and the first field (for example, the Kth field and the K + 2th field represented by the solid line) is 263 lines.
The fifth field (for example, the (K + 1) th field and the (K + 3) th field, which are indicated by broken lines) has 262 lines, but only n ...
Further, the horizontal axis represents the number of samples (pixels), which is 858 per line (1H), but here is typically m ...
... Only the sample of m + 3 is shown. The feature of this pattern is that the samples to be transmitted have the same positional relationship as the samples to be transmitted (samples to be interpolated later) in all fields (see FIG. 6). The change of the sub-sampling pattern is completed in 4 fields, that is, 2 frames, and this is repeated.

By subsampling this pattern, the amount of information is reduced to 1/2. Here, means that all non-transmitted samples can be interpolated with the same configuration when constructing an interpolation filter, or all information before sub-sampling in two frames for a stationary screen is transmitted, This means that it is possible to increase the resolution up to the state before subsampling depending on the interpolation method.

Next, subsampling of the color difference signals (BY, RY) will be described. The sampling pattern of the color difference signal is as shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, the vertical axis represents the number of scanning lines, and the first field (for example, the Kth field, the K + 2th, the K + 4th field, the K + 6th field, etc. represented by the solid line) is 263 lines and the second field (for example, is represented by the broken line). K + 1st field,
Although there are 262 (K + 3rd field, K + 5th field, K + 7th field, etc.), n is representative here.
・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Only n + 5 lines are shown. The horizontal axis represents the number of samples (pixels), which is 429 per line (1H), but here, only m ...

The characteristic of the pattern here is that the relative positional relationship between the sample not transmitted (the sample to be interpolated later) and the sample transmitted in all fields in the same field as the luminance signal is the same (see FIG. 4). ). Color difference signals (BY, R) in all fields
-Y) is non-transmission alternately for each line. The sub-sampling pattern changes for each field, and all the sample positions are covered by 8 fields (4 frames) by the change.

By sampling this pattern, the information amount of both signals is reduced to 1/4. Here and means that all non-transmitted sample interpolations are possible with the same configuration when constructing the interpolation filter, or all the information before sub-sampling 4 frames is transmitted for the stationary screen and the interpolation is performed. This means that it is possible to increase the resolution up to the state before sampling, depending on the method.

The motion detection circuit 4 thus detected
The motion amount between the previous screen and the current screen from 2 and the sub-sampled (decimated) sample from the sub-sampling circuit 43 are supplied to the predictive coding circuit 44, where the predictive coding considering the motion amount is performed. That is, the motion-compensated prediction coding is performed, and the variable-length coding circuit 45 further performs variable-length coding on the prediction residual signal and outputs the result to the output terminal 46. Therefore, significantly reduced information is available at the output terminal 46.

For example, if the information applied to the input terminal 42 is 2
Assuming 16 Mbps, the output terminal 46 has 12 Mbps
Information is obtained. Then, the evaluation value of the motion amount and the variable-length encoded data are combined from the output terminal 46 and transmitted to the multiplexer 4 (FIG. 1).

* Structure and operation of other main parts FIG. 8 shows an example of the image high efficiency decoding device 27. In FIG. 8, 47 is data relating to the video signal decoded by the Viterbi decoder 25 (FIG. 2). Is an input terminal supplied through the demultiplexer 26, and this input terminal 47
Data is supplied to the variable length decoding circuit 48, where variable length code decoding is performed, and the prediction decoding circuit 49 performs prediction decoding using the motion amount evaluation value, that is, motion compensation prediction decoding, and then to the interpolation circuit 50. Supply.

The interpolation circuit 50 interpolates the sub-sampled samples by using the motion amount evaluation value.
That is, the interpolator 50 weights both the intra-field interpolated value generated by the sub-sampled samples and the sample value at the corresponding sample position transmitted in the past by weighting them according to the amount of motion and adding them together to output the output terminal 51.
Output to

FIG. 9 shows an example of a specific circuit configuration of the interpolation circuit 50. In practice, such a circuit is provided for each of the luminance signal Y, the color difference signals BY and RY. In FIG. 9, 52 is an input terminal to which the amount of motion from the motion detection circuit 42 (FIG. 4) is supplied, and 53 is the sub-sampling circuit 4.
3 (FIG. 4) is the input terminal to which the sub-sampled samples are fed. The sub-sampled sample from the input terminal 53 is the intra-field interpolation filter 5
4 and the frame memory 55.

The intra-field interpolation filter 54 determines the sample value at the sample position not transmitted from the sample transmitted in the field, that is, the inter-field interpolation value is obtained. Further, the frame memory 55 updates only the transmitted samples, and outputs samples of 2 fields (for a luminance signal) or 4 fields (for a color difference signal) corresponding to the sample positions output by the interpolation filter 54.

Interpolation filter 54 and frame memory 55
The respective outputs of are supplied to the multipliers 56 and 57, and the input terminal 5
Weighting is performed according to the amount of movement from 2. That is, the multiplier 56 has a coefficient K, and the multiplier 57 has a coefficient (1−K). For example, if the amount of motion is K (0 ≦ K ≦ 1), which is the same as the coefficient, the larger K is, the higher the interpolation filter 54 becomes. , The weight of the output of the frame memory 55, that is, the weight of the actually transmitted sample increases.

For example, when a completely stationary screen continues for 4 frames or more, the value of K becomes 0, and as a result, the multiplier 56
Output becomes 0, the output of the multiplier 57 becomes equivalent to the output of the frame memory 55, and these are added by the adder 58 and output to the output terminal 59.
In this case, only the output of the frame memory 55 is obtained, and at this time, the same resolution as in the case of not performing sub-sampling is obtained.

As described above, in this embodiment, the information compression technique in the digital stage can be applied by digitizing, the convolutional coding and the Viterbi decoding can be applied, and the digital modulation / demodulation technique suitable for the communication satellite can be applied. By combining these, it becomes possible to reduce the power required for transmission to a fraction or less compared to the FM transmission method.

Therefore, the size of the antenna and the size of the engine generator can be reduced, and the portability of the relay station device is improved. This improvement in portability leads to a reduction in control over system operation, thus improving system convenience.

[0047]

As described above, according to the present invention, the transmitting side digitizes the video signal, performs high-efficiency encoding, that is, band-compresses, performs convolutional encoding, performs PSK modulation, and transmits to the receiving side via the satellite. Since the signal is transmitted, PSK demodulated on the receiving side, Viterbi decoding is performed, and high efficiency decoding is performed to restore the digitized video signal, the power required is substantially a few minutes compared to the conventional FM transmission method. It is possible to reduce the size of the device to 1 or less, and it is possible to reduce the size and weight of the device constituting the system, thereby improving the portability and convenience of the device.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a data format for explaining the operation of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a circuit configuration diagram showing an example of a part of a main part of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the operation of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the operation of FIG.

7 is a diagram for explaining the operation of FIG. 4. FIG.

FIG. 8 is a circuit configuration diagram showing an example of another main part of the present invention.

9 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a specific circuit of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 A / D converter, 3 image high efficiency encoding device, 9 convolutional encoder, 10 PSK modulator, 14, 20 parabolic antenna, 24 PSK demodulator, 25 Viterbi decoder, 27 image high efficiency decoding device, 28 D / A converter

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued Front Page (72) Inventor Yuichi Kojima 6-735 Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Sony Corporation

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A high-efficiency coding apparatus for high-efficiency coding a digitized video signal, a multiplexer for multiplexing digitized audio data on the high-efficiency coded video data, and multiplexed data. A convolutional encoder for performing convolutional coding for error correction, and a PS for performing PSK modulation on convolutionally encoded data
A transmitter having a K modulator and means for transmitting an output signal of the PSK modulator.