JPH09210942A - Particle/mist measuring device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To establish a stable sea salt particle attaching efficiency by equipping a duct with a rotating mechanism to work in pursuit after the wind direction, capturing sea salt particles into this duct using a fan fitted with a revolving speed controller, and attaching the particles in a constant flow speed field to a column fixed to the inside of the duct. SOLUTION: A duct 21 is moved as facing in the wind direction by a tail blade 34 and a rotating mechanism 32, wherein the blade 34 is furnished in the rear of the duct 21. A flow field is given to the inside of the duct 21 by a suction fan 26, so that sea salt particles 23 are introduced into the duct 21. The particles 23 are attached to a column 24 installed in the duct 21 by the inertial force. The flow speed in the duct is held constant by a revolving speed controller 27 for the suction fan 26. After a certain time, the column 24 is removed, followed by washing with fresh water. The electric conductivity of this fresh water is measured by a conductivity meter, and from the measuring results, the salt content of the fresh water is determined. From the obtained salt content, the amount of salt attachment per unit area is calculated, and the aerial salt concentration is presumed using the attaching efficiency.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a particle / mist measuring device, and more particularly to a device for measuring particle / mist in the atmosphere.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As is well known, there are various kinds of particles and mists in the atmosphere, and some of these particles and mists adversely affect the environment. For example, when sea salt particles generated from the ocean adhere to the power line or the insulator of the switchgear of a power plant, the electrical insulation is impaired, and if it adheres to outdoor equipment or the like, rust is generated and the durability is impaired. In addition, steam mist discharged from the cooling tower may adhere to the surrounding trees, and the trees may freeze during cold weather in winter.

A conventional measuring method for sea salt particles will be described below. As described above, the adhesion of sea salt particles to the insulator is not negligible, and a large amount of sea salt particles adhere, especially during strong winds such as typhoons, and therefore a design that can withstand the contamination is required. In order to build reliable and economical outdoor equipment (transmission lines and switchyards), it is necessary to accurately estimate the amount of sea salt particles (salt) deposited on the insulator. As the estimation method, there are a numerical calculation based on fluid dynamics and a method of actually measuring sea salt particles in the outdoor atmosphere.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the mechanism of generation, transportation (scattering) and adhesion of sea salt particles. In the figure, reference numeral 1 is the wind, reference numeral 2 is the white wave phenomenon on the ocean (open sea), reference numeral 3 is the breakage phenomenon of the breakwater 4, reference numeral 5 is the sea salt particles generated in the white wave phenomenon 2 and the breakage phenomenon 3, Reference numeral 6 indicates outdoor equipment (boiler house, chimney, turbine house), reference numeral 7 indicates an opening / closing station, and reference numeral 8 indicates a transmission line.

During strong winds, white waves are generated in the open sea, and sea salt particles are also generated at that time. In addition, a white wave phenomenon 3 occurs in which a wave is struck on a breakwater 4 on the coastline and the wave breaks.
The sea salt particles 5 generated by these phenomena are transported to the land by the wind 1 and adhere to the switch part 7 and the insulator part of the power transmission line 8 or adhere to the outdoor equipment 6. As a result, the electrical insulation is impaired, rust is generated, and the durability of the device is impaired.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a method of measuring the amount of salt adhering to sea salt particles. This method is for estimating the air salt concentration (Ci), or for estimating the amount attached to the actual equipment and the insulator. Normally, if the air salt concentration (Ci) is known, The amount adhered to the device and the insulator can be easily obtained by numerical calculation. Here, a method for estimating the atmospheric salt concentration will be described. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 9 is a cylinder to which the sea salt particles 5 are attached, reference numeral 10 is a support member for supporting the cylinder 9, reference numeral 11 is a vertical support for supporting this support material, reference numeral 12 is a base, Reference numeral 13 is the wind direction and anemometer, reference numeral
Reference numeral 14 is an indicator connected to the wind direction / anemometer 13 via a signal cable 15, reference numeral 16 is a base, and reference numeral 17 is a ground.

The sea salt particles 5 are scattered in the air by the wind 1 and adhere to the cylinder 9 (diameter D) by the inertial force. After a certain time (T seconds) has elapsed, the cylinder 9 is removed and washed with pure water. The electric conductivity of this pure water is measured with a conductivity meter, and the amount of salt (q grams) in the pure water is obtained from the measurement result. This amount of salt is divided by the surface area (Sm ² ) of the cylinder 9 to calculate the amount W (= q / S · T) of salt adhering to the cylinder 9 per unit time and unit area (g · m ⁻² sec ⁻¹ ). To do.

The adhesion efficiency (η) of particles adhering to a cylinder is
It has been confirmed from theoretical calculations and field measurements that the adhesion efficiency curve shown in FIG. 4 is followed. Here, the vertical axis in FIG. 4 represents the adhesion efficiency, and the vertical and horizontal axes represent the parameters. The parameter (f) on the horizontal axis is defined by the following equation.

F = D / U · dp ² (sec · m ⁻² ) where D is the diameter of the cylinder, U is the flow velocity near the cylinder, and dp is the particle diameter. Since D and dp are known, the adhesion efficiency (η) can be obtained by measuring the wind speed U. The wind speed U uses the data measured by the wind direction and anemometer 13 provided near the cylinder 9. On the other hand, the airborne salt concentration (C
The relationship between i) and the amount of deposited salt (W) is expressed by the following equation.

W = UCiη / π where U is the wind speed, η is the adhesion efficiency, and π is the circular constant.
Therefore, if the salt adhesion amount (W), the wind speed (U) and the adhesion efficiency (η) are known, the air salt concentration (Ci) can be estimated. The air salt concentration (Ci) is represented by the following equation.

Ci = W · π / U · η In addition, by measuring the salt adhesion (W) of a vertical cylinder near the coastline, it is possible to calculate the salt concentration (Ci) distribution in the air from these oceans and breakwaters. The generated amount (Q) of sea salt particles (salt content) can be obtained. This amount (Q) becomes important data when performing numerical calculation.

[0012]

The airborne salt concentration (Ci) can be estimated by obtaining the salt adhering amount (w) and the adhering efficiency (η) on the cylinder, but the adhering efficiency (η) and The wind speed (U) is used as a parameter of the air salt concentration (Ci). This wind speed (U) uses the data measured by the wind direction and anemometer installed near the cylinder, but in the outdoors, this wind speed often changes with the passage of time. Conventionally, the average wind speed (U _av m / s) of the time (T) for measuring the amount of deposited salt is used, but if the amount of deposited salt (W) is too small, the measurement accuracy (variation) will deteriorate, so it is inevitable. Therefore, the measurement is performed for a long time, and the change in the wind speed increases accordingly. As the change in the wind speed increases, the change (width) of the adhesion efficiency (η) also increases, and the air salt concentration (Ci) is estimated using the adhesion efficiency (η) obtained from the average wind speed (U _av ). Has a problem in accuracy.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and collects sea salt particles inside the duct using a duct, and attaches the sea salt particles to a cylinder attached inside the duct at a constant flow velocity field. Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a particle / mist measuring device capable of obtaining stable adhesion efficiency.

[0014]

According to the present invention, a cylinder is installed in the atmosphere at a right angle to an air stream, the particulate matter attached to the cylinder is washed with water, and the particulate matter contained in the washed water is used. In a particle / mist measuring device that quantitatively analyzes a substance to determine its dissolved mass and estimates its atmospheric concentration, a duct for collecting the particles / mist and particles / mists arranged in this duct are attached. Column, a fan for providing a flow field in the duct, a rotation speed controller electrically connected to the fan for controlling the rotation speed of the fan, and a flow velocity measuring device for measuring the wind speed in the duct. And a rotation mechanism for causing the duct to follow the wind direction.

The present invention is intended to make the adhering efficiency (η) constant by maintaining the wind speed (U) in the vicinity of the cylinder constant during the time when the salt adhering amount (W) is measured. Therefore, a duct for collecting particles and guiding them to a cylinder is provided, and a cylinder for adhering salt is attached in the duct. For example, a fan that gives a flow field in the duct is arranged in the duct, and is connected to a fan rotation speed controller for varying the flow velocity in the duct. An anemometer for measuring the flow velocity in the duct is also installed on the windward side of the cylinder. The direction in which the sea salt particles are scattered is governed by the wind direction, so a rotation mechanism that allows dust to follow this wind direction is also provided.

In the present invention, the cylinder is installed in the atmosphere so as to be at a right angle to the air flow. In addition to the case where the "right angle" is literally a right angle, "a right angle", that is, Including the case of slightly tilting.

The operation of the present invention is as follows. That is, when the outdoor wind direction is θi, sea salt particles are scattered from the direction of θi. In order to efficiently collect (introduce) the sea salt particles into the duct, the duct inlet part is directed in the wind direction by the rotating mechanism and the tail blade attached to the duct. A fan inside the duct provides a flow field into the duct. By this flow, the sea salt particles are guided into the duct and adhere to the cylinder provided in the duct. Since the flow velocity in the duct is kept constant by the fan speed controller, the adhesion efficiency (η) of the sea salt particles to the cylinder is also constant. Further, the flow velocity in the duct can be varied depending on the outdoor wind speed and the amount of salt adhering.
While monitoring the anemometer installed in the duct, adjust the fan speed controller.

[0018]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG.
This will be described with reference to FIG. Reference numeral 21 in the figure is a duct for collecting sea salt particles 23 scattered by the wind 22, for example. A column 24 is installed near the entrance of the duct 21 at right angles to the air flow. An anemometer sensor 25 for measuring the wind speed in the duct 21 is arranged near the entrance of the duct 21 and upstream of the column 24. A suction fan 26 is provided near the outlet of the duct 21 to provide a flow field in the duct 21. A signal cable 30 in which a rotation speed controller 27 for controlling the rotation speed of the suction fan 26, a calculator / controller 28, and an anemometer instruction unit 29 are sequentially inserted is electrically connected to the suction fan 26. ing.

The anemometer indicator 29 is connected to the anemometer sensor 25 via a signal cable 30. A rotating mechanism 32 for making the duct 21 follow the wind direction is connected to the duct 21 via a connecting rod 31. This rotation mechanism 32 is a support rod 33 for setting the duct 21 on the ground.
Is indicated by The reference numeral 34 in the figure indicates the duct 21.
Reference numeral 35, a tail blade provided at the rear end of the duct 21 to follow the wind direction of the, indicates the flow in the duct 21.

In the particle / mist measuring device having such a structure, the mechanism of generation, transportation (scattering), and adhesion of the sea salt particles 23 are the same as in the conventional example, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted, and the method for measuring the amount of salt adhesion of particles will be described. The wind 22 in the field has a direction (wind direction), and the sea salt particles 23 scatter from this direction toward the measurement point. Therefore, the tail blade 34 and the rotation mechanism 32 provided at the rear end of the duct 21 direct the duct 21 in the wind direction.

Since the inside of the duct 21 is provided with a flow field (suction state) by the suction fan 26, the sea salt particles 23 scattered near the entrance of the duct 21 are guided to the inside of the duct 21. The sea salt particles 23 adhere to a column 24 provided in the duct 21 by inertial force. In this case, the flow velocity in the duct 21 is kept constant by the rotation speed controller 27 of the suction fan 26.

After a certain period of time, the cylindrical body 24 is removed and washed with pure water. The electric conductivity of this pure water is measured by an electric conductivity meter, and the salt content (q) in the pure water is obtained from the measurement result. From this amount of salt, the amount of attached salt per unit area (W)
And the adhesion efficiency (η) is used to calculate the air salt concentration (C
The method of estimating i) is the same as the conventional example. It should be noted here that the flow velocity (U) in the duct 21 is kept constant, so that the adhesion efficiency (η) is always kept constant during the measurement time.

As a result, even if the external wind speed changes, the adhesion efficiency (η) is constant, so that long-time measurement is possible even when the amount of sea salt particles scattered is small. In addition, since the adhering efficiency (η) can be adjusted (that is, the flow velocity can be changed) by using the computing / controlling device 28, it is possible to obtain an appropriate salt adhering amount depending on the amount of sea salt particles scattered. Becomes When the amount of deposited salt is too large, droplets form around the cylinder, and the adhesive properties change. Therefore, it is important to make the amount suitable for preventing this.

As described above, the particle / mist measuring apparatus according to the above-mentioned embodiment uses the duct 21 and has sea salt particles inside.
By collecting 23 and adhering the sea salt particles 23 to the cylinder 24 attached inside the duct 21 at a constant flow velocity field, stable adhesion efficiency can be obtained, and this particle and mist measuring device has the following effects. Have.

1) Since stable adhesion efficiency is obtained during the measurement time, it is possible to measure for a long time. 2) By adjusting the rotation speed of the suction fan 26 with the rotation speed controller 27 while monitoring the anemometer sensor 25 installed in the duct 21, the flow velocity in the duct 21 can be varied, and the adhesion efficiency can also be adjusted. It is possible to obtain an appropriate amount of adhesion.

This effect is a very effective method (increase in accuracy) in estimating the atmospheric salt concentration (Ci) and the amount of sea salt particles generated (Qi), and can be used in the field equipment of power plants, transmission lines, It can provide the data necessary for the design to prevent the fouling of the insulators of the switchyard, and can contribute to the construction of highly reliable and economical equipment.

[0027]

As described in detail above, according to the present invention,
Particle and mist measurement that can obtain stable adhesion efficiency by collecting sea salt particles inside the duct and adhering the sea salt particles to the cylinder installed inside the duct at a constant flow velocity field A device can be provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a particle / mist measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the mechanism of generation, transportation, and adhesion of sea salt particles.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional particle / mist measuring device.

FIG. 4 is an adhesion efficiency curve characteristic diagram showing adhesion characteristics of particles to a cylinder according to a conventional particle / mist measuring device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 21 ... Duct, 23 ... Sea salt particles, 24 ... Cylinder, 25 ... Anemometer sensor, 26 ... Suction fan, 27 ... Rotation speed controller, 28 ... Computational controller, 29 ... Anemometer indicator, 30 ... Signal Cable, 32 ... Rotating mechanism, 33 ... Pointing rod, 34 ... Tail blade.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A column is placed in the atmosphere at a right angle to an air flow, the particulate matter attached to the column is washed with water, and the particulate matter contained in the washed water is quantitatively analyzed to obtain a dissolved mass. In a particle / mist measuring device for determining the air concentration and estimating the atmospheric concentration, a duct for collecting particles / mist, a cylinder for adhering particles / mist, and a duct for adhering particles / mist in the duct A fan that provides a flow field to the fan, a rotation speed controller that is electrically connected to the fan to control the rotation speed of the fan, a flow velocity measuring device that measures the wind speed in the duct, and the duct that follows the wind direction. A particle / mist measuring device comprising a rotating mechanism for moving the particle / mist.